CN114325615A - Portable universal airborne meteorological radar target simulator and simulation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable universal airborne weather radar target simulator and a simulation method, and relates to the technical field of radar test simulation, wherein the weather radar target simulation method comprises the following steps: z01: the meteorological radar target simulator is crosslinked with a radar system to obtain a signal; z02: simulating a meteorological echo by a meteorological radar target simulator; z03: the echo signals are fed back to a radar system for processing; the system adopts the modes of transmitting waveform reconstruction and scene convolution, and can flexibly adapt to various pulse forms and meteorological radars adopting a linear frequency modulation system. The baseband signal time sequence and signal quality reconstructed according to the waveform parameters are close to an ideal state, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, the power precision is high, the dynamic range is large, the output signal power can be accurately controlled, and the method is suitable for being used as detection equipment for scientific research and test of scientific research units; the invention adopts the intermediate frequency actively generated by the baseband signal unit, saves a down-conversion microwave link and effectively reduces the volume and the weight of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar test simulation, in particular to a portable universal airborne weather radar target simulator and a simulation method.
Background
The aircraft faces to the weather condition that changes suddenly in the flight process, and because the flying speed is fast, the distance is far away, and the scope is big, meets with complicated weather condition almost inevitable, especially torrent, thunderstorm rain and low-altitude wind shear are the biggest to flight harm, if can not be to dangerous weather early warning, flight task and passenger safety all can suffer huge harm. The airborne weather radar is arranged on an airplane and used for detecting weather targets on an air route, prompting or guiding a pilot to avoid severe weather and guaranteeing flight safety, and is widely applied to transport planes, helicopters, passenger planes and various special airplanes.
If the meteorological radar adopts a real target for testing, a large amount of manpower, financial resources and the like are consumed, so that the airborne meteorological radar target simulator is used for simulation testing.
In radar development and use, a very important link is exactly testing the performance and the index of radar, and the experimental mode of traditional external field is with high costs, and easily receives external environment, thereby traditional active meteorological radar target simulator can only widen simulation cloud cluster degree of depth information to the single-frequency pulse, and traditional meteorological radar target simulator only can simulate cloud cluster degree of depth information, can't expand other meteorological echo signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a portable universal airborne weather radar target simulator and a simulation method, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the meteorological radar target simulation method comprises the following steps:
z01: the meteorological radar target simulator is crosslinked with a radar system to obtain a signal;
z02: simulating a meteorological echo by a meteorological radar target simulator;
z03: and feeding back the echo signals to a radar system for processing.
Further, in step Z02, the weather radar target simulator simulates cloud echoes, turbulence echoes and wind shear echoes.
Further, parameters on a meteorological radar target simulator are obtained, modulation pulses are generated by the parameters through waveforms, data of the modulation pulses are written into an RAM memory, and address differences of cloud cluster distances are read out from the first RAM memory; the address difference is:
wherein: f. ofclk: the clock frequency during FPGA operation, C is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air, and distance is the distance between the cloud target and the radar.
Further, the modulation pulse data is subjected to time delay processing to obtain delayed modulation pulses, and the delayed modulation pulse data and the DDS are modulated to obtain delayed radar intermediate frequency signals; convolving the radar intermediate frequency signal with the response of the cloud cluster scene, and further obtaining an echo intermediate frequency digital signal:
wherein: depth is cloud cluster target depth, BW is radar signal instantaneous bandwidth, C is propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in air, i is the number of a storage unit in a convolution calculation module, n is an independent variable of a discrete signal and is a sampling sample number.
Further, the time-frequency characteristic simulation mode of the turbulent flow scene comprises the following steps:
z02a 1: acquiring echo signals output by each storage unit in the convolution calculation module in a delayed manner;
z02a 2: acquiring a preset turbulent flow speed range and generating a speed random number;
z02a 3: controlling the DDS according to the frequency converted by the speed random number to obtain Doppler frequency offset, and mixing the Doppler frequency offset with the echo signal in the step Z01;
the velocity random number value
Wherein: depth1 refers to the turbulent target depth.
The time-frequency characteristic simulation mode of the wind trimming scene comprises the following steps:
Z02B 1: acquiring echo signals output by each storage unit in a delayed manner during convolution calculation;
Z02B 2: acquiring wind shear depth, calculating the number of delay units and extracting a wind speed value;
Z02B 3: and superposing the Doppler frequency shift corresponding to the wind speed value in the echo signal output by the time delay of the storage unit.
The simulation method is applied to the meteorological radar target simulator, and the meteorological radar target simulator comprises the following steps: the system comprises a human-computer interface module, an interface control module, a frequency synthesis module, a baseband signal generation module, an up-conversion module, a power supply module and a horn antenna;
the human-computer interface module is used for selecting a working mode;
the interface control module is used for being crosslinked with an ATE (automatic test equipment) interface of the radar to acquire a radar working state, a frame synchronization signal and a transmission pulse signal;
the frequency synthesis module is used for generating a clock signal and an up-conversion intrinsic signal;
the baseband signal generating module is used for generating an echo intermediate frequency signal according to the configuration and parameters of the human-computer interface module;
the up-conversion module is used for up-converting the echo intermediate frequency signal to radar radio frequency;
the power supply module is used for setting stable voltages with different amplitudes;
the horn antenna is used for receiving a radio frequency signal of the radar;
and the baseband signal generating module transmits the digital signal to the up-conversion module through high-speed DA conversion.
Before the weather radar target simulator simulates weather echoes, the weather radar target simulator also detects the BIT of the module and the working state of the communication equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the system adopts the modes of transmitting waveform reconstruction and scene convolution, and can flexibly adapt to various pulse forms and meteorological radars adopting a linear frequency modulation system. The baseband signal time sequence and signal quality reconstructed according to the waveform parameters are close to an ideal state, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, the power precision is high, the dynamic range is large, the output signal power can be accurately controlled, and the method is suitable for being used as detection equipment for scientific research and test of scientific research units;
the invention adopts the intermediate frequency actively generated by the baseband signal unit, saves a down-conversion microwave link, effectively reduces the volume and the weight of the product, reduces the complexity of the product and the research, development and manufacturing cost, improves the reliability, and is convenient for transportation and use of field support personnel;
in the invention, the range and the range resolution are performance parameters of the meteorological radar, and compared with the old meteorological radar, the range and the range resolution can be improved by using a pulse compression technology.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a portable general airborne weather radar target simulator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system connections of a portable universal airborne weather radar target simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of baseband signal generation for a portable general airborne weather radar target simulation method of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of a cloud depth scene in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency simulation of a cloud cluster depth scene in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a wind shear radar transmit waveform in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency simulation of a wind shear scene in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the meteorological radar target simulation method comprises the following steps:
z01: the meteorological radar target simulator is crosslinked with a radar system to obtain a signal;
z02: simulating a meteorological echo by a meteorological radar target simulator;
z03: the echo signals are fed back to a radar system for processing;
in step Z01, the weather radar target simulator obtains a reference signal, a PRF signal, a frame synchronization signal and RS485 from the radar; the reference signal is used as an external reference clock of the frequency synthesis module of the simulator, so that a local oscillator signal required by the up-conversion module and a clock signal required by the baseband signal generation module which are generated by the reference signal are homologous with a radar system clock, and a generated echo signal can have a determined phase relation with a radar transmitting signal, so that the radar can conveniently perform coherent processing;
the local oscillation signal is obtained through a local oscillation filter;
the PRF signal and the frame synchronization signal are input to a baseband signal generation module, the PRF signal and the frame synchronization signal are used for sensing the change of parameters such as time sequence, waveform and frequency point of radar emission signal emission, a meteorological radar target simulator can reconstruct the radar emission signal according to the parameter change and carry out time delay, superposition and frequency shift processing on the radar emission signal according to a simulated target and a simulated scene so as to simulate the characteristic of a meteorological target, and RS485 is used for acquiring parameters such as a radar working mode; the PRF signal and the frame synchronization signal are delayed in the baseband signal generating module, only one PRF signal is provided, and a plurality of delayed radar transmitting signals can be set according to the radar waveform parameter and the target parameter to be simulated, namely, multiple delay processing does not exist, and larger storage resources are not occupied;
in step Z03, before the echo signal is fed back to the radar system, the baseband signal generating module may convert the digital signal via a high-speed DA to transmit the digital signal to the up-conversion module, the up-conversion module obtains the arrival time and pulse frequency of each echo pulse, and then selects a suitable local oscillator signal to mix with the intermediate frequency signal in the baseband signal generating module, and feeds back the simulated echo signal to the radar for processing in a manner of numerical control attenuator value injection or antenna radiation set by the human-computer interface parameters.
Further, in step Z02, the weather radar target simulator simulates cloud echoes, turbulence echoes and wind shear echoes.
Further, parameters on the meteorological radar target simulator are obtained, modulation pulses are generated by the parameters through waveforms, data of the modulation pulses are written into an RAM memory, and address differences of cloud cluster distances are read out from the RAM memory; the address difference is:
wherein: f. ofclk: clock frequency during FPGA operation, C is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air, and distance is the distance between a cloud cluster target and a radar;
parameter values on the meteorological radar target simulator are pulse width, repetition frequency period, accumulation number and the like, and the transmitting and receiving delay of the meteorological radar target simulator can be simulated by reading the address difference; the transmitting and receiving delay is determined by the distance of a simulated meteorological target, for example, the cloud cluster distance radar 150M, and the transmitting delay is 1 ms;
the invention adopts the RAM memory in the FPGA, does not need to use an external memory, saves the hardware cost, reduces the volume and the weight and improves the reliability; the role of the RAM memory is to delay the modulated pulses.
Further, the modulation pulse data is subjected to time delay processing to obtain delayed modulation pulses, and the delayed modulation pulse data and the DDS are modulated to obtain delayed radar intermediate frequency signals; convolving the radar intermediate frequency signal with the response of the cloud cluster scene, and further obtaining an echo intermediate frequency digital signal:
wherein: depth is cloud cluster target depth, BW is radar signal instantaneous bandwidth, C is propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in air, i is a storage unit number in a convolution calculation module, n is an independent variable of a discrete signal and is a sampling sample number;
the method comprises the following steps of carrying out time delay processing on modulation pulse data to obtain a delayed modulation pulse, and specifically comprises the following steps: writing the obtained modulation pulse into an RAM for temporary storage, continuously performing self-increasing circulation on a write address, reading data in the RAM, and continuously performing self-increasing circulation on a read address; at this time, there will be a difference with the write address at the same time, as shown in the formula:
the address difference and the clock period jointly determine the delay time; the pulse data in the RAM is therefore delayed in time with respect to the written pulse data.
Further, the time-frequency characteristic simulation mode of the turbulence scene comprises the following steps:
z02a 1: acquiring echo signals output by each storage unit in the convolution calculation module in a delayed manner;
z02a 2: acquiring a preset turbulent flow speed range and generating a speed random number;
z02a 3: controlling the DDS according to the frequency converted by the speed random number to obtain Doppler frequency offset, and mixing the Doppler frequency offset with the echo signal in the step Z02A 1;
random number of velocity
Wherein: depth1 refers to the turbulent target depth;
parameters in the turbulence scene can be set, and the universality is good;
the convolution calculation module is used for performing convolution calculation on the radar intermediate frequency signal and the cloud cluster scene and delaying the radar intermediate frequency signal;
the convolution calculation module is formed by cascading a series of storage units, wherein the input of each stage of storage unit is the output of the previous stage; by controlling the read-write address of each storage unit, each level of storage unit delays an input signal, the output of each level of storage unit can be regarded as a target echo, and the echo signal is obtained by the storage unit;
the echo signals output by each storage unit in a delayed mode refer to components of echo intermediate-frequency digital signals, and the echo signals can form the echo intermediate-frequency digital signals through the steps of Doppler frequency mixing and superposition.
The time-frequency characteristic simulation mode of the wind trimming scene comprises the following steps:
Z02B 1: acquiring echo signals output by each storage unit in the convolution calculation module in a delayed manner;
Z02B 2: acquiring wind shear depth, calculating the number of delay units and extracting a wind speed value;
Z02B 3: superposing the Doppler frequency shift corresponding to the wind speed value in an echo signal output by a storage unit in a delayed manner;
the DDS refers to a digital frequency synthesizer;
the echo signals refer to components of echo intermediate frequency digital signals, and the echo signals can form the echo intermediate frequency digital signals through the steps of Doppler frequency mixing and superposition.
The simulation method is applied to the meteorological radar target simulator, and the meteorological radar target simulator comprises the following steps: the system comprises a human-computer interface module, an interface control module, a frequency synthesis module, a baseband signal generation module, an up-conversion module, a power supply module and a horn antenna;
the human-computer interface module is used for selecting a working mode;
the working modes comprise cloud cluster, turbulence and wind shear modes, an output switch and signal amplitude can be set in the meteorological radar target simulator, and state information of the radar and self-checking information of the simulator can be read through the human-computer interface module;
the interface control module is used for being crosslinked with an ATE interface of the radar to acquire the working state of the radar, a frame synchronization signal and a transmission pulse signal; acquiring information such as radar frequency points and the like by analyzing the working state of the radar;
the frequency synthesis module is used for generating a clock signal and an up-conversion intrinsic signal;
the baseband signal generating module is used for generating an echo intermediate frequency signal according to the configuration and parameters of the human-computer interface module;
the core devices in the baseband signal generation module comprise an FPGA and a high-speed DA;
the FPGA in the method mainly realizes the functions of communicating with an interface control machine unit and a man-machine interface module and the like;
the high-speed DA module mainly converts digital signals read from a storage chip into analog signals to realize distortion-free reduction of the signals, and in the invention, echo intermediate-frequency digital signals input by the FPGA are converted into analog intermediate-frequency signals and are mixed with the up-conversion module for use;
the up-conversion module is used for up-converting the echo intermediate frequency signal to radar radio frequency;
the power supply module is used for setting stable voltages with different amplitudes; the related voltages are +/-12V, 5V and 3.3V, and the stable work of the whole system can be ensured according to the power supply module;
the voltages used by the frequency synthesis module are +/-12V, 5V and 3.3V, the voltages used by the up-conversion module are 12V and 5V, the voltages used by the baseband signal generation module are 12V and 5V, the voltage used by the interface control module is 5V, and the voltage used by the human-computer interface module is 12V;
the horn antenna is used for receiving a radio frequency signal of the radar;
the baseband signal generating module transmits the digital signal to the up-conversion module through high-speed DA conversion.
Before the meteorological radar target simulator simulates meteorological echoes, the meteorological radar target simulator also detects the BIT of the module and the working state of the communication equipment;
the frequency synthesis module carries out detection according to the frequency source locking indication signal; the up-conversion module provides an output detection signal; the base band signal generating module detects according to the DA working indication signal and the clock locking indication signal, the mentioned signal is a BIT signal, if the BIT signal is a high level, the working state is normal; if the BIT signal is at low level, the working state is abnormal.
The module refers to a human-computer interface module, an interface control module, a frequency synthesis module, a baseband signal generation module, an up-conversion module and a power module.
Example 1: setting waveform parameters, wherein each period consists of four pulse widths, specifically four narrow pulses of 30us/100us and one wide pulse of 220us/450us, the wide pulse bandwidth is 160kHZ, the narrow pulse bandwidth is 600kHZ, the simulated cloud cluster target distance is set to 1500m, the clock of the obtained simulation system is 250MHZ, and the prf generates a distance delay of about 2500 x 4ns to 10us after passing through the system according to the graph shown in fig. 4; setting the simulated cloud depth to 600m, the pulse width was approximately 4us after convolution according to fig. 5 and 6.
Example 2: setting parameters, each period is composed of 66 pulses with the pulse width of 2us and the period of 40us, the wind shear scene depth is 4.5km according to the graph shown in FIG. 6, the echo broadening is about 30us according to the analysis in FIG. 7, and the intra-pulse frequency changes in a sine mode.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A target simulation method for a portable universal airborne weather radar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the meteorological radar target simulation method comprises the following steps:
z01: the meteorological radar target simulator is crosslinked with a radar system to obtain a signal;
z02: simulating a meteorological echo by a meteorological radar target simulator;
z03: and feeding back the echo signals to a radar system for processing.
2. The portable universal airborne weather radar target simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step Z02, the weather radar target simulator simulates cloud echoes, turbulence echoes and wind shear echoes.
3. The portable universal airborne weather radar target simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: acquiring parameters on a meteorological radar target simulator, generating modulation pulses by the parameters through waveforms, writing data of the modulation pulses into an RAM memory, and reading an address difference of a cloud cluster distance from the RAM memory; the address difference is:
wherein: f. ofclk: the clock frequency during FPGA operation, C is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air, and distance is the distance between the cloud target and the radar.
4. The portable universal airborne weather radar target simulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: carrying out time delay processing on the modulation pulse data to obtain a delayed modulation pulse, and modulating the delayed modulation pulse data and a DDS (direct digital synthesizer) to obtain a delayed radar intermediate frequency signal; performing convolution calculation on the radar intermediate frequency signal and the response of the cloud cluster scene to obtain an echo intermediate frequency digital signal;
wherein: depth is cloud cluster target depth, BW is radar signal instantaneous bandwidth, C is propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in air, i is the number of a storage unit in a convolution calculation module, n is an independent variable of a discrete signal and is a sampling sample number.
5. The portable universal airborne weather radar target simulation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the time-frequency characteristic simulation mode of the turbulence scene comprises the following steps:
z02a 1: acquiring echo signals output by each storage unit in the convolution calculation module in a delayed manner;
z02a 2: acquiring a preset turbulent flow speed range and generating a speed random number;
z02a 3: controlling the DDS according to the frequency converted by the speed random number to obtain Doppler frequency offset, and mixing the Doppler frequency offset with an echo signal output by the storage unit in a delayed manner;
the velocity random number value
Wherein: depth1 refers to the turbulent target depth.
6. The portable universal airborne weather radar target simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the time-frequency characteristic simulation mode of the wind trimming scene comprises the following steps:
Z02B 1: acquiring echo signals output by each storage unit in the convolution calculation module in a delayed manner;
Z02B 2: acquiring wind shear depth, calculating the number of delay units and extracting a wind speed value;
Z02B 3: and superposing the Doppler frequency shift corresponding to the wind speed value in the echo signal output by the time delay of the storage unit.
7. A portable universal airborne weather radar target simulator for simulating method according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the weather radar target simulator comprises: the system comprises a human-computer interface module, an interface control module, a frequency synthesis module, a baseband signal generation module, an up-conversion module, a power supply module and a horn antenna;
the human-computer interface module is used for selecting a working mode;
the interface control module is used for being crosslinked with an ATE (automatic test equipment) interface of the radar to acquire a radar working state, a frame synchronization signal and a transmission pulse signal;
the frequency synthesis module is used for generating a clock signal and an up-conversion intrinsic signal;
the baseband signal generating module is used for generating an echo intermediate frequency signal according to the configuration and parameters of the human-computer interface module;
the up-conversion module is used for up-converting the echo intermediate frequency signal to radar radio frequency;
the power supply module is used for setting stable voltages with different amplitudes;
the horn antenna is used for receiving a radio frequency signal of the radar;
and the baseband signal generating module transmits the digital signal to the up-conversion module through high-speed DA conversion.
8. The portable universal airborne weather radar target simulator of claim 7, wherein: before the weather radar target simulator simulates weather echoes, the weather radar target simulator also detects the BIT of the module and the working state of the communication equipment.
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