CN114310652A - Flexible grinding device for soft and brittle materials - Google Patents
Flexible grinding device for soft and brittle materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN114310652A CN114310652A CN202111657418.6A CN202111657418A CN114310652A CN 114310652 A CN114310652 A CN 114310652A CN 202111657418 A CN202111657418 A CN 202111657418A CN 114310652 A CN114310652 A CN 114310652A
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Abstract
The invention provides a soft and brittle material flexible grinding device, which comprises a grinding disc and a workpiece fixing device, wherein the grinding disc is fixed on the workpiece fixing device; the grinding disc is provided with a grinding pad, and the grinding disc and the grinding pad can rotate; the workpiece fixing device is arranged above the grinding disc and used for clamping a workpiece to be ground, and the workpiece to be ground is driven by the workpiece fixing device to rotate; the lower end of the workpiece to be ground is contacted with the grinding pad, and generates relative friction with the grinding pad in the rotating process so as to realize the grinding effect; the workpiece fixing device comprises a connecting body, a liquid bag and a clamping mechanism, wherein a workpiece to be ground of the liquid bag is contacted; the vibrating rod is fixedly arranged above the connecting body, and piezoelectric ceramics are arranged on the vibrating rod and vibrate in the radial direction. The grinding machine can realize high-efficiency and high-quality grinding of soft and brittle materials, improves the surface quality of the ground workpiece, and further realizes high-efficiency precision machining of the workpiece.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining, and particularly relates to a flexible grinding device for a soft and brittle material.
Background art:
at present, in the field of mechanical processing, the processing problem of soft and brittle materials needs to be solved. Due to the characteristics of the soft and brittle materials, the processing problems of breakage, scratches, pits and the like are easy to occur in the processing process, and particularly when the soft and brittle materials are ground, the grinding cannot be effectively carried out, so that the effects of high grinding efficiency and high surface quality cannot be achieved simultaneously. For example, calcium fluoride crystal has excellent mechanical and chemical properties, has important application in the fields of laser and optical equipment, deep ultraviolet lithography and the like, but still has a plurality of micro pits and large scratches left on the surface of a workpiece in the grinding process, and even has the phenomena of surface crack propagation and chipping. In view of the above, the present invention provides a flexible grinding device for soft and brittle materials to solve the above problems.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a soft and brittle material flexible grinding device, which improves the grinding quality and the grinding efficiency of a workpiece through the matching of a grinding disc and a workpiece fixing device, and further realizes the efficient and precise machining of the workpiece.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a soft and brittle material flexible grinding device comprises a grinding disc and a workpiece fixing device; the grinding disc is provided with a grinding pad, and the grinding disc and the grinding pad rotate under the action of the driving device; the workpiece fixing device is arranged above the grinding disc and used for clamping a workpiece to be ground and enabling the workpiece to be ground to vibrate in a radial direction, and the workpiece to be ground can rotate under the driving of the workpiece fixing device; the lower end of the workpiece to be ground is contacted with the grinding pad, and generates relative friction with the grinding pad in the rotating process so as to realize the grinding effect.
Further, the grinding pad comprises a grinding layer and a flexible layer, wherein the flexible layer is positioned below the grinding layer and is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the grinding layer; the grinding layer is provided with a plurality of micro holes, and grinding particles are arranged in the through holes.
Furthermore, the grinding layer is prepared from a water-soluble material; the grinding layer is provided with a soluble substance, and the dissolving speed of the soluble substance is higher than that of the grinding layer.
Further, the workpiece fixing device comprises a connecting body, and a cavity is arranged in the connecting body; and a clamping mechanism is arranged in the cavity and is used for clamping a workpiece to be ground.
Further, a liquid sac is also arranged in the cavity and is fixedly arranged in the cavity; the liquid bag is positioned in the clamping mechanism, the lower surface of the liquid bag is in contact with a workpiece to be ground, the liquid bag can be expanded by adding liquid into the liquid bag, and the outer surface of the expanded liquid bag is tightly attached to the surface of the workpiece, so that uniform downward pressure is applied to the workpiece to be ground.
Further, the clamping mechanism comprises a first transmission rod, a first bevel gear, a second transmission rod, a connecting seat and a clamping jaw; the first transmission rod is horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear, and the second bevel gear is in transmission connection with the first bevel gear; the upper end of the second transmission rod is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear, and the lower end of the second transmission rod is in threaded connection with the connecting seat; the clamping jaws are arranged in four groups, each group of clamping jaws comprises a first arc-shaped rod and a second arc-shaped rod, the upper ends of the first arc-shaped rods are fixedly connected with the joining seat, and the lower ends of the first arc-shaped rods are hinged with the second arc-shaped rods; one point on the second arc-shaped rod is hinged with the connecting body; the first transmission rod rotates under the driving of the motor to drive the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear to rotate, and the second bevel gear drives the second transmission rod to rotate, so that the connecting seat descends or ascends relative to the second transmission rod, and the clamping or releasing effect of the clamping jaws is realized.
Furthermore, the number of teeth of the first bevel gear is greater than that of the second bevel gear.
Furthermore, a vibrating rod is fixedly arranged above the connecting body, and piezoelectric ceramics are arranged on the vibrating rod; the piezoelectric ceramics vibrate in the radial direction, so that the surface of the workpiece to be ground and the abrasive particles are driven to perform high-frequency radial reciprocating scratching action.
Furthermore, a pressure sensor is arranged above the liquid sac and used for detecting the pressure of the liquid sac.
Further, drive arrangement includes transmission shaft and driving motor, driving motor is connected with the transmission shaft drive, transmission shaft and abrasive disc fixed connection, and driving motor drive transmission shaft is rotatory, and then drives the abrasive disc and rotate.
Furthermore, the grinding device is also provided with a shell, and the shell is horizontally placed and used for supporting the whole device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the flexible grinding device for the soft and brittle materials, the grinding assembly and the workpiece fixing device are matched with each other, so that the workpiece can be ground at high quality and high efficiency, the surface quality of the ground workpiece can be effectively improved, and the workpiece can be efficiently and precisely machined;
(2) according to the invention, the grinding pad comprises the grinding layer and the flexible layer, and through the interaction of the grinding layer and the abrasive particles, the cutting depth of the surface of the workpiece is uniformly increased, so that the phenomenon that the surface of the workpiece is enlarged to generate scratches and pits due to overlarge cutting depth is avoided, and the surface quality of the workpiece is greatly improved under the condition of ensuring certain grinding efficiency;
(3) the workpiece fixing device comprises a connecting body, a clamping mechanism, a liquid bag, a vibrating rod and piezoelectric ceramics, wherein uniform pressure is applied to a workpiece through the liquid bag; meanwhile, the radial vibration effect of the piezoelectric ceramics is combined, so that the surface quality of the ground workpiece is greatly improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece fixing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a polishing pad according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a polishing pad according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the labels in the figures are:
1. a housing; 2. an external drive device; 3. a workpiece fixture; 31. a vibrating rod; 32. piezoelectric ceramics; 33. a linker; 34. a liquid sac; 35. a clamping mechanism; 351. a first drive lever; 352. a first bevel gear; 353. a second bevel gear; 354. a second transmission rod; 355. a linking seat; 356. a clamping jaw; 3561. a first arcuate bar; 3562. a second arcuate bar; 4. a grinding disk; 5. a drive shaft; 6. a drive motor; 7. a polishing pad; 71. a flexible layer; 72. a polishing layer; 721. a micro-pore.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a soft and brittle material flexible grinding device, including a housing 1, a grinding disc 4 and a workpiece fixing device 3; the shell 1 is horizontally placed and used for supporting the whole device; the grinding disc 4 is provided with a grinding pad 7, the grinding disc 4 and the grinding pad 7 rotate under the action of a driving device, specifically, the driving device comprises a transmission shaft 5 and a driving motor 6, the driving motor 6 is in driving connection with the transmission shaft 5, the transmission shaft 5 is fixedly connected with the grinding disc 4, and the driving motor 6 drives the transmission shaft 5 to rotate so as to drive the grinding disc 4 to rotate; the workpiece fixing device 3 is arranged above the grinding disc 4 and used for clamping a workpiece to be ground and enabling the workpiece to be ground to vibrate in a radial direction, and the workpiece to be ground can rotate under the driving of the workpiece fixing device 3; the lower end of the workpiece to be ground is in contact with the grinding pad 7, and generates relative friction with the grinding pad 7 in the rotating process (the grinding disk 4 and the workpiece to be ground) so as to realize the grinding effect.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the polishing pad 7 includes a polishing layer 72 and a flexible layer 71, wherein the flexible layer 71 is located below the polishing layer 72 and is fixedly and tightly connected to the lower surface of the polishing layer 72; a plurality of micro holes 721 are arranged on the grinding layer 72, and grinding particles are arranged in the through holes; the grinding layer 72 is made of a water-soluble material; the polishing layer 72 is provided with a soluble substance, and the dissolution speed of the soluble substance is greater than that of the polishing layer 72. The material of the polishing layer 72 is a water-soluble substance, and a readily soluble substance more soluble in water is added to the polishing layer 72. The diameter of the micro holes 721 in the grinding layer 72 is smaller than the equivalent diameter of the abrasive particles, the solid grinding layer 72 is placed at a high temperature, so that the micro holes 721 are enlarged, the abrasive particles are placed in the micro holes 721 under the action of a certain pressure, after the abrasive particles are uniformly compacted, the grinding layer 72 is placed at room temperature for cooling, and after cooling, the grinding layer 72 effectively holds the abrasive particles; in the grinding process, the grinding layer 72 is in direct contact with the surface of the workpiece, the abrasive particles exposed from the micro holes 721 are in direct contact with the surface of the workpiece, and the effective projection of the exposed abrasive particles is small, so that the cut-in of the surface of the workpiece can be reduced, and the generation of large scratches due to the fact that the depth of the cut-in surface of the workpiece is too large is avoided; in the process of the action of the abrasive particles and the surface of the workpiece, along with the continuous update of the grinding liquid, the upper surface of the grinding layer 72 is gradually dissolved in water, meanwhile, the easily soluble substances are dissolved in water faster than the grinding layer and leave a plurality of pits in the grinding layer 72, the contact area between the grinding layer 72 and the grinding liquid is increased, so that the dissolution of the upper surface of the grinding layer 72 is accelerated, the exposed effective protrusions of the abrasive particles are gradually increased until reaching one third of the effective diameter of the abrasive particles, the abrasive particles are further gradually and uniformly deepened on the surface of the workpiece, the grinding removal amount in unit time is continuously increased, the grinding efficiency is effectively improved, scratches and pits on the surface of the workpiece are also reduced, and the surface quality of the processed surface of the workpiece is greatly improved. Along with the deepening of the grinding process, the failure abrasive particles fall off from the grinding layer 72 and flow out under the flowing of the grinding liquid, so that the falling abrasive particles are prevented from damaging the surface of the workpiece, the soft and brittle materials are ground efficiently and high-quality, and the surface quality of the ground workpiece is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece fixing device 3 includes a connecting body 33, and a cavity is disposed inside the connecting body 33; be provided with fixture 35 in the cavity, treat the grinding work piece through fixture 35 centre gripping, it is concrete, fixture 35 can choose current clamping means (like the centre gripping manipulator) for use as required as long as can realize clamping function. In this embodiment, the connecting body 33 is driven to rotate by an external driving device, so as to drive the internal clamping mechanism 35 and the workpiece to be ground to rotate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid sac 34 is also arranged in the cavity, and the liquid sac 34 is fixedly arranged in the cavity; located within the clamping mechanism 35, the sac 34 is not connected to the clamping mechanism 35, and the presence of the sac 34 does not affect the clamping and releasing operations of the clamping mechanism 35. The lower surface of the liquid bag 34 is in contact with the workpiece to be ground, and can be expanded by adding liquid into the liquid bag 34, so that downward pressure is applied to the workpiece to be ground; because the ductility of the liquid bag 34 is good, the liquid bag can be effectively attached to the surface of a workpiece to be ground, so that not only can proper grinding pressure be effectively applied to the workpiece, but also the pressure on the surface of the workpiece can be uniform, and further damage caused by overlarge pressure on the workpiece can be avoided. A pressure sensor is further disposed above the sac 34 for detecting the pressure of the sac 34, and the pressurization of the sac 34 is terminated when the pressure reaches a rated value.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a vibrating rod 31 is fixedly disposed above the connecting body 33, and two piezoelectric ceramics 32 are disposed on the vibrating rod 31; the piezoelectric ceramics 32 vibrates in the radial direction, so that the surface of the workpiece to be ground and abrasive particles are driven to perform high-frequency radial reciprocating scratching action, the surface of the workpiece is loosened, the grinding efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the radial vibration can generate cavitation to generate a layer of liquid film on the surface of the workpiece, so that the friction action between the abrasive particles and the surface of the workpiece is reduced, the scratch on the surface of the workpiece is reduced, and the surface quality is improved.
The application method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
when the device is used, a workpiece to be ground is firstly installed on the clamping mechanism 35. Starting the driving motor 6, wherein the driving motor 6 drives the transmission shaft 5 to rotate so as to drive the grinding disc 4 to rotate; and then starting the external driving device to drive the connecting body 33 to rotate, so as to drive the internal clamping mechanism 35 and the workpiece to be ground to rotate. The liquid is added into the liquid bag 34 to expand the liquid bag, the expanded liquid bag 34 applies downward pressure to the workpiece to be ground, meanwhile, the pressure sensor detects the pressure, when the pressure reaches a rated value, the pressurization is stopped, and when the pressure is reduced, the pressurization is carried out again. At the moment, the workpiece to be ground and the grinding disc 4 both rotate, the workpiece to be ground and the grinding layer 72 generate relative friction, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramics 32 drives the workpiece to be ground to vibrate in the radial direction, so that abrasive particles on the grinding layer 72 perform high-frequency radial reciprocating scratching action on the surface of the workpiece to be ground, the surface of the workpiece to be ground is loosened, the friction force of the abrasive particles on the surface of the workpiece to be ground is reduced, and the abrasive particles are driven by the grinding disc 4 to more effectively remove materials on the workpiece to be ground and increase the grinding efficiency in unit time; due to the cavitation generated by the radial vibration, a layer of liquid film is generated between the surface of the workpiece to be ground and the grinding layer 72, so that the solution of the grinding layer 72 is further accelerated, and the flow updating of the grinding liquid is accelerated, so that the invalid and fallen abrasive particles flow out of the grinding area in time, and the damage to the surface of the workpiece to be ground is avoided. And after the grinding is finished, the switches of the driving mechanisms are switched off, the workpiece to be ground and the grinding disc 4 stop rotating, and the ground workpiece is taken out.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a soft and brittle material flexible grinding device, and the structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the embodiment defines the specific structure of a clamping mechanism.
Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the clamping mechanism 35 includes a first transmission rod 351 (one end is provided with knurling), a first bevel gear 352, a second bevel gear 353, a second transmission rod 354, a joint seat 355 and a clamping jaw 356; the first transmission rod 351 is horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the first bevel gear 352, the second bevel gear 353 is meshed with the first bevel gear 352 (the number of teeth of the first bevel gear 352 is greater than that of the second bevel gear 353), and the second bevel gear 353 is in transmission connection with the first bevel gear 352; the upper end of the second transmission rod 354 is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear 353, and the lower end of the second transmission rod is in threaded connection with the joint seat 355; the clamping jaws 356 are arranged in four groups, each group of clamping jaws 356 comprises a first arc-shaped rod 3561 and a second arc-shaped rod 3562, the upper ends of the first arc-shaped rods 3561 are fixedly connected with the connecting seat 355 (the distance between the adjacent first arc-shaped rods 3561 is the same), and the lower ends of the first arc-shaped rods 3561 are hinged with the second arc-shaped rods 3562; one point (not two end points, and the selection of the hinge point can be performed according to the actual situation) on the second arc-shaped rod 3562 is hinged with the connecting body 33; the first transmission rod 351 is driven by the motor to rotate to drive the first bevel gear 352 and the second bevel gear 353 to rotate, and the second bevel gear 353 drives the second transmission rod 354 to rotate, so that the engaging seat 355 descends or ascends relative to the second transmission rod 354 to clamp or release the clamping jaws 356.
In this embodiment, the sac 34 is fixedly disposed inside the four sets of clamping jaws 356, the sac 34 does not contact the four sets of clamping jaws 356, and the presence of the sac 34 does not affect the clamping and releasing operation of the clamping jaws 356. In this embodiment, the inner sides of the first arc-shaped rod 3561 and the second arc-shaped rod 3562 are provided with silica gel protective layers to prevent damage to a workpiece to be ground.
The application principle of the clamping mechanism of the embodiment is as follows:
the first transmission rod 351 is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the first bevel gear 352 and the second bevel gear 353 are driven to rotate, the second bevel gear 353 drives the second transmission rod 354 to rotate, and the connecting seat 355 descends or ascends relative to the second transmission rod 354. When the engaging seat 355 is raised, the second arc-shaped rod 3562 is extended, and the clamping jaw 356 is in a releasing state; when the adapter 355 is lowered, the second arc-shaped rod 3562 is retracted, and the clamping jaw 356 is clamped.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soft and brittle material flexible grinding device is characterized in that,
comprises a grinding disc (4) and a workpiece fixing device (3);
a grinding pad (7) is arranged on the grinding disc (4), and the grinding disc (4) and the grinding pad (7) rotate under the action of a driving device;
the workpiece fixing device (3) is arranged above the grinding disc (4) and used for clamping a workpiece to be ground and enabling the workpiece to be ground to vibrate in a radial direction, and the workpiece to be ground can rotate under the driving of the workpiece fixing device (3); the lower end of the workpiece to be ground is contacted with the grinding pad (7) and generates relative friction with the grinding pad (7) in the rotating process so as to realize the grinding effect.
2. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 1,
the polishing pad (7) comprises a polishing layer (72) and a flexible layer (71), wherein the flexible layer (71) is positioned below the polishing layer (72) and fixedly connected with the lower surface of the polishing layer (72);
the grinding layer (72) is provided with a plurality of micro holes (721), and abrasive particles are arranged in the through holes.
3. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 2,
the grinding layer (72) is prepared from a water-soluble material;
the grinding layer (72) is provided with a soluble substance, and the dissolving speed of the soluble substance is higher than that of the grinding layer (72).
4. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 1,
the workpiece fixing device (3) comprises a connecting body (33), and a cavity is arranged in the connecting body (33);
and a clamping mechanism (35) is arranged in the cavity, and the workpiece to be ground is clamped by the clamping mechanism (35).
5. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 4,
a liquid bag (34) is also arranged in the cavity, and the liquid bag (34) is fixedly arranged in the cavity;
the liquid bag (34) is positioned in the clamping mechanism (35), the lower surface of the liquid bag (34) is in contact with a workpiece to be ground, and the liquid bag (34) can be expanded by adding liquid into the liquid bag so as to apply uniform downward pressure on the workpiece to be ground.
6. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 5,
the clamping mechanism (35) comprises a first transmission rod (351), a first bevel gear (352), a second bevel gear (353), a second transmission rod (354), a joint seat (355) and clamping jaws (356);
the first transmission rod (351) is horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the first bevel gear (352), the second bevel gear (353) is meshed with the first bevel gear (352), and the second bevel gear (353) is in transmission connection with the first bevel gear (352); the upper end of the second transmission rod (354) is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear (353), and the lower end of the second transmission rod is in threaded connection with the connecting seat (355);
the clamping jaws (356) are arranged in four groups, each group of clamping jaws (356) comprises a first arc-shaped rod (3561) and a second arc-shaped rod (3562), the upper end of the first arc-shaped rod (3561) is fixedly connected with the connecting seat (355), and the lower end of the first arc-shaped rod (3561) is hinged with the second arc-shaped rod (3562); the second arc-shaped rod (3562) is hinged with the connecting body (33);
the first transmission rod (351) is driven by the motor to rotate to drive the first bevel gear (352) and the second bevel gear (353) to rotate, the second bevel gear (353) drives the second transmission rod (354) to rotate, and then the connecting seat (355) descends or ascends relative to the second transmission rod (354), so that the clamping or releasing effect of the clamping jaws (356) is achieved.
7. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 6,
the number of teeth of the first bevel gear (352) is greater than that of the second bevel gear (353).
8. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 4,
a vibrating rod (31) is fixedly arranged above the connecting body (33), and piezoelectric ceramics (32) are arranged on the vibrating rod (31);
the piezoelectric ceramics (32) vibrate in the radial direction, so that the surface of the workpiece to be ground and abrasive particles are driven to perform high-frequency radial reciprocating scratching action.
9. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 5,
and a pressure sensor is arranged above the liquid bag (34) and used for detecting the pressure of the liquid bag (34).
10. The soft and brittle material flexible grinding device as claimed in claim 1,
the driving device comprises a transmission shaft (5) and a driving motor (6), the driving motor (6) is in driving connection with the transmission shaft (5), the transmission shaft (5) is fixedly connected with the grinding disc (4), and the driving motor (6) drives the transmission shaft (5) to rotate so as to drive the grinding disc (4) to rotate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111657418.6A CN114310652A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Flexible grinding device for soft and brittle materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111657418.6A CN114310652A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Flexible grinding device for soft and brittle materials |
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| CN114310652A true CN114310652A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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| CN202111657418.6A Pending CN114310652A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Flexible grinding device for soft and brittle materials |
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