CN114295558A - Portable spectrometer - Google Patents
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- CN114295558A CN114295558A CN202111666598.4A CN202111666598A CN114295558A CN 114295558 A CN114295558 A CN 114295558A CN 202111666598 A CN202111666598 A CN 202111666598A CN 114295558 A CN114295558 A CN 114295558A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a portable spectrometer, and belongs to the field of spectrometers. The portable spectrometer comprises a main body, wherein the main body comprises a second main body and a third main body connected with the second main body, a second cavity is arranged in the second main body, a third cavity is arranged in the third main body, the second cavity is communicated with the third cavity, and the projection area of the second cavity on a first reference surface is gradually increased along a first direction; the device also comprises a spectrum sensor and a lens group; the second body is further provided with a light source accommodating hole which is communicated with the second cavity, and a light source is fixedly arranged in the light source accommodating hole. After the light source emits irradiation light, the second main body can prevent one-time or even multiple-time reflected light beams from entering the third cavity, the reflection characteristic of the inner wall of the second main body is good, and the once reflected light beams can still penetrate through the window sheet to illuminate a sample in the sample cell after passing through the secondary reflected light beams on the inner wall of the second main body; and the light beam which does not illuminate the sample is constrained in the second cavity and does not enter the cavity of the third cavity to become interference light and stray light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a portable spectrometer, and belongs to the field of spectrometers.
Background
The MEMS-FPI spectrum detector is a portable near-infrared spectrometer which is stable and reliable and prepared by taking an MEMS spectrum sensor as a core, and the MEMS spectrum sensor has the remarkable advantages of high integration, compact structure, convenience in spectrum scanning and the like and is very suitable for the design of portable instruments. The MEMS-FPI spectrum detector also faces its own challenges, which have higher requirements on both the incident angle and the beam aperture angle of the incident beam, and most of the applications of near infrared spectroscopy are diffuse reflection spectra of samples, so the optical path design of the portable near infrared spectrometer faces a severe challenge, namely: the light source of the halogen tungsten lamp covering near infrared band with high cost performance has poor directivity, a large amount of light which is not absorbed by the sample can directly enter the sensor through reflection, and the diffuse reflection signal light absorbed by the sample is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a portable spectrometer is provided that reduces the risk of light not absorbed by a sample entering a spectral sensor by reflection.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the portable spectrometer comprises a main body, wherein the main body comprises a second main body and a third main body connected with the second main body, a second cavity is arranged in the second main body, a third cavity is arranged in the third main body, the second cavity is communicated with the third cavity, an opening is formed in one side, away from the third cavity, of the second cavity, and the projection area of the second cavity on a first reference surface is gradually increased along a first direction; the first reference surface is a surface vertical to the axis direction of the main body, the first direction is a direction in which the third cavity is close to the second cavity, and the first direction is parallel to the axis direction of the main body;
the spectral sensor is arranged in the third cavity, faces the second cavity, and is fixedly arranged on the third main body;
the second main body is also provided with a light source accommodating hole which is communicated with the second cavity, a light source is fixedly arranged in the light source accommodating hole, the projection area of the light source accommodating hole on the second reference surface is gradually increased along the second direction, and the light source accommodating hole is obliquely arranged relative to the first reference surface; the second reference surface is a surface perpendicular to the axis of the light source accommodating hole, the second direction is a direction in which the light source accommodating hole is close to the second cavity, and the second direction is parallel to the axis direction of the light source accommodating hole; the light source accommodating hole is used for enabling light emitted by the light source to irradiate the sample cell.
Further, the second cavity is a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity, and an included angle between a generatrix of the inner peripheral wall of the second main body and the first reference surface is 45 degrees.
Further, the light source accommodating hole is a circular truncated cone-shaped hole, and an included angle between the axis of the light source accommodating hole and the first reference surface is 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the third cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the number of the spectrum sensors is a plurality, and the spectrum sensors are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral wall of the third main body; the quantity of light source is a plurality of, is equipped with a light source between every two adjacent spectral sensor, and the light source sets up along the even interval of circumference of the internal perisporium of second main part.
Further, the spectral sensor is cylindrical; projection onto a first reference plane: the axis of the light source and the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the circle centers of the two adjacent spectrum sensors are positioned on the same straight line.
Further, the spectral sensor is cylindrical; projection onto a first reference plane: the distance between the centers of two adjacent spectrum sensors is dsaThe distance between the center of the spectrum sensor and the center of the third cavity is dssThe minimum center distance between two adjacent spectrum sensors is d00Radius of the spectral sensor is rcThe minimum distance between the spectrum sensor and the inner peripheral wall of the third body is daThe minimum inner diameter of the third body is d0，dssAnd dsaThe relationship with the number No of spectrum sensors is as follows,
when the number of the spectral sensors is 3, d0 is expressed by formula (a); when the number of the spectrum sensors is 4, d0Expressed as (b); when the number of the spectrum sensors is 5, d0Expressed as (c); when the number of the spectrum sensors is 6, d0Expressed as (d);
wherein d isa＝d00/2-rc。
Furthermore, an included angle between the axis of the light source accommodating hole and a generatrix of the inner circumferential wall of the light source accommodating hole is theta, and the minimum distance from one side of the second cavity close to the third cavity to the bottom of the main body is h0The vertical distance between the center of the large-diameter end of the light source accommodating hole and the center of the small-diameter end of the second cavity is h1；
h0＝d0 tanα,
Where α is 45 ° + θ.
Further, the radius of the large-diameter end of the light source accommodating hole is r1The main body further comprises a first main body connected with the second main body, a first cavity communicated with the second cavity is arranged in the first main body, the first cavity is a cylindrical cavity, an opening is formed in one side, away from the second cavity, of the first cavity, and the maximum distance between one side, close to the second cavity, of the first cavity and the bottom of the main body is h2The diameter of the inner peripheral wall of the first body is d1；
Wherein β is 45 ° - θ.
Further, the lens group includes concave lens and the first convex lens that separate the setting on the first direction, and concave lens is located the one side that is close to spectral sensor, concave lens with still be provided with the diaphragm between the spectral sensor, concave lens are close to the focal plane of spectral sensor one side is the A face, first convex lens is close to the focal plane of concave lens one side is the B face, the A face with the coincidence of B face, and focus coincidence, the diaphragm is located coincidence focal plane's focus department.
Further, the lens support includes the support body, the shape of support body and the shape looks adaptation of third cavity, the support body is connected with the third main part, offer the screw hole that is used for installing the battery of lenses on the top surface of support body, the accommodation hole that holds spectral sensor is offered to the bottom surface of support body, the screw hole is coaxial with the accommodation hole, and screw hole and accommodation hole are linked together, be provided with annular protrusion along its circumference on the internal perisporium of screw hole, or be provided with annular protrusion along its circumference on the internal perisporium of accommodation hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the light source emits irradiation light, the second main body can prevent a primary (even multiple) reflected light beam from entering the third cavity, the reflection characteristic of the inner wall of the second main body is good, and the primary reflected light beam can still pass through the window sheet to illuminate a sample in the sample cell after passing through a secondary reflected light beam on the inner wall of the second main body; the light beam which does not illuminate the sample is restricted in the second cavity and does not enter the third cavity to become interference light and stray light; as shown in fig. 18, only a few illumination rays (a total of 20 tens of thousands of rays) are able to enter the incident tone of the lens group by multiple reflections. Due to the stop inside the lens group and the limited entrance aperture isolation of the sensor itself, these multiply reflected light rays which do not reach the sample can enter the lens group, but hardly enter the sensor. In short, the invention designs a separation of the illumination light path and the sampling light path.
2. The invention realizes multi-mode and large light spot sampling by arranging a plurality of spectrum sensors, and realizes high collimation sampling by the compression design of parallel light beams of the lens group. The multi-mode sampling refers to that a plurality of sensors simultaneously sample in different regions, a multi-mode and balanced sampling spectrum signal is obtained through a time sequence rotating spectrometer, and the multi-mode sampling not only comprises a spatial position multi-mode, but also comprises a waveband multi-mode formed by combining different wavebands. The multi-mode sampling obviously improves the spectrum sampling efficiency, the spectrum data repeatability, the stability and the information content, and especially has obvious effect on a heterogeneous mixture sample. The high collimation sampling can obviously improve the detection precision of the spectral sensor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic design of the subject invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first arrangement of the spectral sensors of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second arrangement of the spectral sensors of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third arrangement of the spectral sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fourth arrangement of the spectral sensors of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first structure of a lens assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a second configuration of a lens assembly in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a first assembled view of a lens package according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a second assembled view of a lens package according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a lens holder according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the baffle structure of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a model diagram of a simulation analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a first light intensity distribution diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a second light intensity distribution of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a third light intensity distribution of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph illustrating a normalized light intensity distribution according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of optical path analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a fifth arrangement of spectral sensors.
Labeled as: 1-1 is a first main body, 1-2 is a second main body, 1-3 is a third main body, 2-1 is a second circuit board, 2-2 is a light source, 2-3 is a light source accommodating hole, 3-1 is a first circuit board, 3-2 is a spectrum sensor, 3-3 is a lens group, 3-4 is a bracket body, 3-4-1 is a threaded hole, 3-4-2 is an annular projection, 3-5 is a baffle, 3-5-1 is a first through hole, 3-6 is a switching sleeve, 4-1 is a terminal, 4-2 is a cloud, 5-1 is a concave lens, 5-2 is a first convex lens, 5-3 is a second convex lens, 5-4 is a third convex lens, 5-5 is a diaphragm, 7-1 is a sample cell, 8-1 is a power supply member, and 9-1 is a window sheet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the portable spectrometer of the invention comprises a main body, the main body comprises a second main body 1-2 and a third main body 1-3 connected with the second main body 1-2, a second cavity is arranged in the second main body 1-2, a third cavity is arranged in the third main body 1-3, the second cavity is communicated with the third cavity, an opening is arranged on one side of the second cavity far away from the third cavity, and the projection area of the second cavity on a first reference surface is gradually increased along a first direction; the first reference surface is a surface vertical to the axis direction of the main body, the first direction is a direction in which the third cavity is close to the second cavity, and the first direction is parallel to the axis direction of the main body;
the optical fiber spectrometer also comprises a first circuit board 3-1 and a spectrum sensor 3-2 arranged on the first circuit board 3-1, wherein the spectrum sensor 3-2 is arranged in a third cavity, the spectrum sensor 3-2 faces the second cavity, the first circuit board 3-1 is fixedly arranged on a third main body 1-3, a lens group 3-3 is also arranged in the third cavity, the lens group 3-3 is positioned between the spectrum sensor 3-2 and the second cavity, the lens group 3-3 is fixedly arranged on the third main body 1-3 through a lens support, and the arrangement position of the lens group 3-3 is matched with the arrangement position of the spectrum sensor 3-2;
the second main body 1-2 is further provided with a light source accommodating hole 2-3, the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is communicated with the second cavity, the light source 2-2 is fixedly arranged in the light source accommodating hole 2-3, the projection area of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 on the second reference surface is gradually increased along the second direction, and the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is obliquely arranged relative to the first reference surface; the second reference surface is a surface perpendicular to the axis of the light source accommodating hole 2-3, the second direction is a direction in which the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is close to the second cavity, and the second direction is parallel to the axis of the light source accommodating hole 2-3; the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is used for allowing light emitted by the light source 2-2 to irradiate the sample cell 7-1.
Specifically, the axis of the first cavity and the axis of the second cavity are located on the same straight line, and the axis of the lens group 3-3 and the axis of the spectrum sensor 3-2 are located on the same straight line.
The bottom end of the third cavity far away from the second cavity is provided with an opening, the first circuit board 3-1 is arranged at the top of the third main body 1-3 and used for covering the opening of the third cavity, and the first circuit board 3-1 can be connected to the third main body 1-3 in a screw fastening or gluing mode and the like; in addition, the first circuit board 3-1 may also be disposed in the third cavity; the spectrum sensor can be an MEMS spectrum detection device based on an adjustable micro Fabry-Perot cavity interferometer (FPI) principle, and can also be a spectrum detection device based on an MEMS micro-mirror scanning principle; the light source 2-2 is a halogen tungsten lamp, which is a balanced optimal scheme comprehensively considering factors such as volume, stability, power and heat dissipation, and the light source 2-2 can also select a halogen lamp, an LED lamp and the like according to actual needs. The device also comprises a window sheet 9-1, wherein the window sheet 9-1 needs to select a high-transmittance material in a measuring waveband range of the sensor, and the window sheet 9-1 is arranged at the bottom of the second main body 1-2 and used for sealing an opening on one side of the second cavity far away from the third cavity.
A power supply part 8-1 can be arranged on the main body, the power supply part 8-1 is a storage battery, the power supply part 8-1 is electrically connected with the first circuit board 3-1, in addition, a second circuit board 2-1 can be arranged on the main body, the second circuit board 2-1 is electrically connected with the light source 2-2, and the first circuit board 3-1 is electrically connected with the second circuit board 2-1; it should be noted that the first circuit board 3-1 and the second circuit board 2-1 can be spaced apart from each other, so that the influence of heat generated by the light source 2-2 during operation on the first circuit board 3-1 can be reduced. In addition, the light source 2-2 may be electrically connected directly to the first circuit board 3-1. The inner surfaces of the first main body and the second main body are polished metal surfaces;
preferably, the second cavity is a truncated cone-shaped cavity, and an included angle between a generatrix of the inner peripheral wall of the second body 1-2 and the first reference surface is 45 °. Therefore, the specular reflection light on the inner surface of the window sheet 9-1 can be reflected back and forth in the second cavity without entering the spectrum sensor 3-2, and the second cavity is not limited to be in a truncated cone shape, can also be in a truncated pyramid shape and the like; in addition, the included angle between the generatrix of the inner peripheral wall of the second body 1-2 and the first reference plane is not limited to 45 °, and different angles, such as 30 °, may be selected according to practical situations.
Preferably, the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is a circular truncated cone-shaped hole, and an included angle between the axis of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 and the first reference plane is 45 degrees. The light source accommodating hole 2-3 is not limited to a circular truncated cone-shaped hole, and the surface shape thereof may be a parabolic shape, a faceted shape, or the like; the angle between the axis of the light source receiving aperture 2-3 and the first reference plane is not limited to 45 deg., but may be chosen to be different, for example 30 deg., depending on the actual situation.
There are two processing methods for the light source accommodating hole 2-3, taking the truncated cone-shaped light source accommodating hole 2-3 as an example, one of the processing methods is: a circular truncated cone-shaped hole is directly formed in the inner wall of the second main body 1-2; the other processing mode is as follows: firstly, a cylindrical hole is formed in the inner wall of the second main body 1-2, and then an independently formed lamp shell containing a truncated cone-shaped light source accommodating hole 2-3 is installed in the cylindrical hole; the difficulty of the first processing mode is higher than that of the second processing mode, so the second processing mode is the preferable scheme of the invention.
Preferably, the third cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the number of the spectrum sensors 3-2 is several, and the spectrum sensors 3-2 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential wall of the third main body 1-3 at intervals; the number of the light sources 2-2 is a plurality, one light source 2-2 is arranged between every two adjacent spectrum sensors 3-2, and the light sources 2-2 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential wall of the second main body 1-2 at intervals. The shape of the third cavity is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but may be a prism shape or the like.
Specifically, the number of the light source accommodating holes 2-3 is preferably 3-6, the more the number of the light source accommodating holes 2-3 is, the more uniform the illumination light spots are, the higher the illumination intensity is, but the greater the pressure of the power supply system is, so that the illumination light intensity is improved as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the power supply stability and the endurance, and the better signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. The taper angle, depth, and opening size of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 are determined by optimizing the light emitting characteristics and size of the light source 2-2, with the goal of constraining the illumination light of the light source 2-2 to a roughly collimated light beam and uniform light intensity distribution.
The arrangement of the plurality of spectrum sensors 3-2 realizes multi-mode and large light spot sampling, and the parallel light beam compression design of the lens group 3-3 realizes high collimation sampling. The multi-mode sampling refers to that a plurality of sensors simultaneously sample in different regions, a multi-mode and balanced sampling spectrum signal is obtained through a time sequence rotating spectrometer, and the multi-mode sampling not only comprises a spatial position multi-mode, but also comprises a waveband multi-mode formed by combining different wavebands. The multi-mode sampling obviously improves the spectrum sampling efficiency, the spectrum data repeatability, the stability and the information content, and especially has obvious effect on a heterogeneous mixture sample. Large spot sampling improves the spectral measurement capability of the portable spectrometer for inhomogeneous mixtures, but significantly limits the highly collimated sampling because the acceptance aperture and aperture angle of the spectral sensor 3-2 itself are limited. In practical applications, a trade-off is made according to the sample uniformity, and generally, the poorer the sample uniformity, the larger the sampling spot of the single spectrum sensor 3-2 is required. Generally speaking, the more spectral sensors 3-2, the higher the sampling efficiency and the better the repeatability, and the wider the sampling band can be covered, the richer the sampling information and the more available spectral prediction models are.
Preferably, the spectral sensor 3-2 is cylindrical; projection onto a first reference plane: the axis of the light source 2-2 and the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting the centers of circles of two adjacent spectral sensors 3-2 are located on the same straight line.
Specifically, the design effectively ensures the intensity distribution uniformity of the sampling light spot of the spectrum sensor 3-2, and meanwhile, stray light which can be received by the spectrum sensor 3-2 is inhibited to a certain extent; the fact that the spectral sensor 3-2 is cylindrical in the scheme means that: the spectral sensor 3-2 is enclosed in a cylindrical housing.
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, preferably, the spectral sensor 3-2 is cylindrical; projection onto a first reference plane: the distance between the centers of circles of two adjacent spectrum sensors 3-2 is dsaThe distance between the center of the spectrum sensor 3-2 and the center of the third cavity is dssThe minimum center distance between two adjacent spectrum sensors 3-2 is d00The radius of the spectrum sensor 3-2 is rcThe minimum distance between the spectral sensor 3-2 and the inner peripheral wall of the third body 1-3 is daThe minimum inner diameter of the third body 1-3 is d0，dssAnd dsaThe relationship with the number No of the spectrum sensors 3-2 is as follows,
preferably, the number of the spectrum sensors 3-2 is 3, 4, 5, 6, and when the number of the spectrum sensors 3-2 is 3, d0 is expressed as formula (a); when the number of the spectral sensors 3-2 is 4, d0 is expressed by the formula (b); when the number of the spectrum sensors 3-2 is 5, d0Expressed as (c); when the number of the spectrum sensors 3-2 is 6, d0Expressed as (d);
wherein d isa＝d00/2-rc。
Specifically, as shown in fig. 19, the spectrum sensors 3-2 are uniformly distributed around a virtual point, a projection of the virtual point on the first reference plane coincides with a circle center of the third cavity, and one spectrum sensor 3-2 may be further disposed at the position of the virtual point according to an actual situation.
On the first circuit board 3-1, for the spectrum sensor 3-2 packaged with fixed size, the minimum center distance of two adjacent spectrum sensors 3-2 can be determined according to the circuit design requirement, taking the spectrum sensor package with 8.2mm diameter and eight pins as an example, d00Preferably about 13 mm; da is the lens group 3-3 reserved installation space.
As shown in fig. 2, it is preferable that an angle between an axis of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 and a generatrix of the inner circumferential wall of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is θ, and a side of the second cavity adjacent to the third cavity has a minimum distance h from a bottom of the body0The vertical distance between the center of the large-diameter end of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 and the center of the small-diameter end of the second cavity is h1；
h0＝d0tanα，
Where α is 45 ° + θ.
Preferably, the large diameter end of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 has a radius r1The main body also comprises a first main body 1-1 connected with a second main body 1-2, a first cavity communicated with the second cavity is arranged in the first main body 1-1, the first cavity is a cylindrical cavity, an opening is arranged at one side of the first cavity far away from the second cavity, and the maximum distance from one side of the first cavity close to the second cavity to the bottom of the main body is h2The diameter of the inner peripheral wall of the first body 1-1 is d1；
Wherein β is 45 ° - θ.
Specifically, the axis of the first cavity and the axis of the second cavity are located on the same straight line; the first body 1-1 can reduce the volume of the portable spectrometer and is convenient to carry; in addition, after the first body 1-1 is provided, the window piece 9-1 is provided at the bottom of the first body 1-1 and serves to seal the opening of the first cavity on the side away from the second cavity.
According to fig. 3 to 6, the minimum inner diameter of the projection of the third body 1-3 onto the first reference plane is d0D0 is determined by the number and arrangement of the spectral sensors 3-2.
The included angle between the axis of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 and the generatrix of the inner circumferential wall of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is a cone field angle theta, and the light source accommodating holeThe opening angle theta of the tapered surface of the receiving hole 2-3 and the radius r of the large-diameter end of the light source accommodating hole 2-31The divergence angle of the incident light beam confined by the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is approximately regarded as the opening angle theta of the tapered surface of the light source accommodating hole 2-3, determined by the size and the light emitting characteristics of the light source 2-2, and the divergence angle of the first reflected light beam reflected back to the second main body wall on the inner surface of the window sheet 9-1 is still theta according to the law of specular reflection. According to the principle of the present invention that the illumination optical path and the sampling optical path are separated as much as possible, and only one reflection is considered, the upper and lower boundaries of the reflected light beam are just at the lower edge of the second cavity and the upper edge of the first cavity, as shown in fig. 2. This is a minimum size design of the body, which can be relaxed appropriately in practical applications to ensure that one (or even more) reflected beam cannot enter the third cavity. The reflection characteristics of the inner wall of the second body 1-2 are better, the primary reflected light beam can still penetrate through the window sheet 9-1 to illuminate the sample in the sample cell 1-3 through the secondary reflected light beam of the inner wall of the second body 1-2, and the light beam which does not illuminate the sample is restricted in the second cavity and does not enter the third cavity to become interference light and stray light. The material of the second body is preferably a metallic material (having almost no spectral absorption in the near infrared band), and the inner surface of the second body is mirror-polished. The metal structure has better supporting strength, the structural strength and stability of the whole spectrometer are guaranteed, factors such as cost and the like are considered, and metal plating by adopting other materials is a good choice. The spectrometer is inverted to carry out a black room test, the illuminating light beam penetrates through the window sheet and enters a boundless and reflection-free air medium, and the average spectrum intensity measured by the spectrum sensor 3-2 at the moment basically reflects the size of interference light and stray light formed by reflection of the illuminating light not contacting the sample. The lower the light intensity of the spectrometer in the empty black room shows that the isolation between the illumination light path and the sampling light path designed by the invention is higher, and the higher the capability of the spectrometer for acquiring the scattering spectrum data of the sample is.
As shown in fig. 7, preferably, the lens group 3-3 includes a concave lens 5-1 and a first convex lens 5-2 spaced apart from each other in the first direction, the concave lens 5-1 is located on a side close to the spectrum sensor 3-2, a stop 5-5 is further disposed between the concave lens 5-1 and the spectrum sensor 3-2, a focal plane of the concave lens 5-1 on a side close to the spectrum sensor 3-2 is a plane a, a focal plane of the first convex lens 5-2 on a side close to the concave lens 5-1 is a plane B, the plane a and the plane B are coincident with each other, and a focal point of the plane a and the plane B is coincident with each other, and the stop 5-5 is disposed at a focal point of the coincident focal plane.
Specifically, fig. 7 to 8 are schematic diagrams of lens group sampling optical path designs according to an embodiment of the present invention, and taking a two-lens system as an example, the lens group 3-3 is designed to realize conversion from a collimated light beam to a collimated light beam, that is, the lens group 3-3 is designed to sample the collimated light beam to realize compression. The reason for this is that the spectral sensor 3-2 based on the FPI principle is sensitive to the incident light angle, with the highest sensor sensitivity and the best wavelength accuracy at normal incidence (collimated beam). Thus, the lens group optical system shown in fig. 7 to 8 is a classical telescopic imaging optical system, fig. 7 is a galilean type, and fig. 8 is a kepler type. The above scheme describes the galileo type; the following scheme is a keplerian type, as shown in fig. 8, the lens group 3-3 includes a second convex lens 5-3 and a third convex lens 5-4 which are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the second convex lens 5-3 is located at a side close to the spectrum sensor 3-2, and a diaphragm 5-5 is further arranged between the second convex lens 5-3 and the third convex lens 5-4. The focal plane of the second convex lens 5-3 close to the third convex lens 5-4 is a C surface, the focal plane of the third convex lens 5-4 close to the second convex lens 5-3 is a D surface, the C surface and the D surface of the focal plane are superposed, the focal points are superposed, and the diaphragm 5-5 is arranged on the focal point of the superposed focal plane. Obviously, the collimated beam compression ratio is equal to the focal length ratio f2/f1 of the two lenses of the lens group 3-3, limited by the diameter and radius of curvature of the lenses, and the galilean design results in a more compact lens group for the same focal length ratio, which is critical for portable devices. In contrast, a Kepler-type design is better able to implement stray light shielding.
The lens group 3-3 of (a) is mainly designed for sample diffuse reflection signal light collection and collimation while shielding stray light. The design of lens group 3-3 is generally matched to the clear aperture and aperture angle of spectral sensor 3-2, and more preferably is as collimated as possible over the range of clear aperture and aperture angle of spectral sensor 3-2, taking into account sample absorption and non-uniformity (large spot sampling), and being limited by the portable design of the lens aperture available for lighting.
In fact, collimated normal incidence in the complete sense is only an ideal case, with the spectral sensor 3-2 having a small angular acceptance aperture angle, as shown in fig. 7-8. According to the principle of reversible light path, the light beam of the divergent light beam of the receiving window piece 9-1 of the spectrum sensor 3-2 after being converted by the lens group 3-3 is necessarily limited by the incident light TONG 5-6 of the lens group. Therefore, the distance ds between the left lens of the lens group 3-3 close to the sensor and the receiving window surface of the spectrum sensor 3-2 needs to be effectively controlled so as not to affect the light receiving efficiency of the spectrum sensor 3-2. The design of the lens group 3-3 shown in the figures is exemplified by a two-lens design, and in practical applications, the optimized design of a three-lens or even more-lens combination can further improve the performance of the lens group 3-3: the structure is more compact, the aberration is smaller, the effective sampling light spot is larger, and the like.
Preferably, the lens support comprises a support body 3-4, the shape of the support body 3-4 is matched with that of the third cavity, the support body 3-4 is connected with the third main body 1-3, a threaded hole 3-4-1 for installing the lens group 3-3 is formed in the top surface of the support body 3-4, an accommodating hole for accommodating the spectrum sensor 3-2 is formed in the bottom surface of the support body 3-4, the threaded hole 3-4-1 is coaxial with the accommodating hole, the threaded hole 3-4-1 is communicated with the accommodating hole, an annular bulge 3-4-2 is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the threaded hole 3-4-1 along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral wall, or an annular bulge 3-4-2 is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the accommodating hole along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral wall.
Fig. 9 to 12 are schematic views illustrating an assembly of the lens group 3-3 and the spectrum sensor 3-2 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The spectral sensor 3-2 with a delicate structure has high requirement on the precision of the light path design, so that the invention needs to ensure that the height of the optical axis of the sensor 3-2 is consistent with that of the optical axis of the lens group 3-3. In general, the housing of the spectrum sensor 3-2 and the lens group 3-3 cannot be directly assembled, and the installation distance d between the sensor 3-2 and the lens group 3-3 needs to be finely controlledsThe process is carried out. The embodiment depicted in fig. 9 is a unified mounting of the lens groups 3-3 by the lens groups 3-4, in particular: the lens group 3-3 is firstly and completely arranged on the lens group 3-4, and is generally assembled through fine threads and then auxiliary dispensing and curing are carried out; the annular bulge 3-4-2 ensures the installation distance d between the spectrum sensor 3-2 and the lens group 3-3sThen the lens group 3-3 and the lens group 3-4 as a wholeThe body is mounted on the third body; and finally, the first circuit board 3-1 welded with the spectrum sensor 3-2 is in butt joint fit with the lens group 3-4. Because the assembly coaxiality of the sensor and the lens group needs to be preferentially ensured, the lens group 3-3, the lens group 3-4 and the sensor 3-2 are in close fit; the three fits between the lens assembly 3-4 and the third body 1-3, between the sensor 3-2 and the first circuit board 3-1, and between the first circuit board 3-1 and the third body 1-3 should be loose fits. In the implementation process, in order to ensure the tight fit between the sensor 3-2 and the lens assembly 3-4, the sensor 3-2 needs to be inserted into the lens assembly 3-4 to be matched, and then the sensor 3-2 needs to be welded to the first circuit board 3-1.
FIG. 10 shows another lens holder, which includes an adapter sleeve 3-6, a second threaded hole for mounting the lens group 3-3 is formed on a top surface of the adapter sleeve 3-6, a second receiving hole for receiving the spectrum sensor 3-2 is formed on a bottom surface of the adapter sleeve 3-6, an axis of the second threaded hole and an axis of the second receiving hole are located on the same straight line, and a second annular protrusion is formed on an inner peripheral wall of the second threaded hole along a circumferential direction thereof; the lens group 3-3 is characterized by further comprising a baffle 3-5 connected with the third main body 1-3, a first through hole 3-5-1 is formed in the baffle 3-5, a switching sleeve 3-6 is arranged on the baffle 3-5, the axis of the first through hole 3-5-1 is coaxial with the axis of a second threaded hole, the second threaded hole is located on one side close to the baffle 3-5, the switching sleeve 3-6 is used for coaxially mounting the sensor 3-2 and the lens group 3-3, one end of the switching sleeve 3-6 is sleeved on a shell of the sensor 3-2 in a tight fit mode, and curing can be carried out through glue dispensing generally; the other end of the adapter sleeve 3-6 is mounted in close fit with the lens group 3-3, usually by fine thread assembly and then assisted in dispensing and curing. The second annular bulge ensures the installation distance d between the sensor 3-2 and the lens group 3-3sThe baffle 3-5 can reduce stray light and prevent the lens group 3-3 from falling off. The position of the opening of the baffle 3-5 corresponds to the position of the light collecting port of the lens group 3-3, the number of the openings is matched with the number of the spectrum sensors 3-2, and the diameter of the first through hole 3-5-1 is slightly larger than the incident light TONG of the lens group 3-3. The baffle 3-5 has high installation accuracy requirement, the upper part is adhered to the lower edge of the lens group to prevent the lens group from falling off, and the lower part can be polishedStray light outside the lighting caliber of the lens group 3-3 is reflected back to the sample, so that the illumination utilization rate is increased to a certain extent. Furthermore, the upper and lower receiving functions of the adapter sleeve 3-6 can be directly integrated and improved on the packaging shell of the sensor 3-2, namely, the packaging shell is protruded to form a part of the shell, and fine threads protruding into the shell can be directly assembled with the lens group 3-3.
The following is a detailed explanation of the principles of the present invention: the main body is a metal structure, an illumination light path and a sampling light path of the spectrometer are isolated as much as possible, the main body is a supporting structure, and other functional units are assembled and fixed on the main body in sequence. The light source 2-2 is turned on, the illumination light beams are roughly collimated by the light source accommodating hole 2-3 and then obliquely incident to the window sheet 9-1 at an angle of 45 degrees, illumination light spots with uniformly distributed light intensity are formed in the center area of the window sheet 9-1, the illumination light enters the sample pool 7-1 through the window sheet 9-1, returns to the surface of a sample after being reflected, refracted, scattered and absorbed for multiple times to become diffuse reflection signal light, the signal light enters the second cavity and the third cavity through the window sheet 9-1, and the lens group 3-3 filters, converges and collimates the signal light in a directional mode and then inputs the signal light into the spectrum sensor 3-2 to obtain measured spectrum data. Measured spectral data are transmitted to a terminal 4-1 through a Bluetooth or WIFI module integrated with a spectrometer terminal, the terminal 4-1 can display a plurality of measured spectral curves in real time and set abnormal spectral monitoring alarm, the measured spectral data can be transmitted to a cloud terminal 4-2 through a mobile data network for spectral analysis model calculation after simple data processing (such as mean value, smoothness, normalization and the like) is carried out on the terminal, and then the terminal downloads a cloud terminal 4-2 calculation result and displays the calculation result in a terminal APP. In order to ensure portability, the spectrometer terminal is powered by the power supply part 8-1, and the capacity of the power supply part 8-1 is determined according to the requirements of specific application cases on endurance and illumination light intensity. In the above description of the embodiment, only the illumination beam transmission window plate 9-1 is partially described, and in fact, the reflected light of the illumination beam on the inner face of the window plate 9-1, the multiple reflected light of the multiple surfaces, and other stray light brought by them achieve shielding of the sampling optical path as much as possible according to the special design of the second cavity. In the description of the embodiment, the cloud end 4-2 is used as a computing unit of the spectral analysis model, and certainly, the terminal 4-1 with the stronger performance can also be used, so that the terminal can locally perform spectral data storage, spectral analysis computation model calling, model updating and the like. In the above description of the embodiment, the terminal 4-1 and the cloud terminal 4-2 are separated from the spectrometer terminal, and in some special application scenarios, they may be integrated or partially integrated into the spectrometer terminal, which, of course, sacrifices the portability of the spectrometer terminal to some extent and increases its independence. In the above description of the embodiment, no mention is made of the design of spacing the first circuit board 3-1 and the second circuit board 2-1 apart from each other, mainly to reduce the influence of heat generated during the operation of the light source 2-2 on the first circuit board 3-1 and the spectrum sensor 3-2. In the above description of the embodiments, no mention is made of the height of the third cavity, the lower limit of the length of which is that the lower edge of the lens group 3-3 is flush with the lower edge of the third cavity, i.e. the lens group 3-3 cannot be inserted into the second cavity. The terminal 4-1 is a mobile phone or a tablet computer and the like.
The window plate 9-1 can be selected from quartz, sapphire, K9 glass, stained glass, etc., and its optical characteristics are high transmittance in all band-pass bands of the spectrum sensor 3-2, and its mechanical characteristics are preferably wear-resistant and high mechanical strength.
The sample cell 7-1 is used for collecting diffuse reflection signal light which returns to the surface of the sample after the light beam emitted by the light source interacts with (reflects, refracts, scatters and absorbs) molecules in the sample, and carries sample structure and tissue information. The sample cell 7-1 requires good uniformity and proper porosity of the sampling surface, and excessively compact sample preparation can increase specular reflection (without carrying sample structure and tissue information) to inhibit diffuse reflection signal light interacting with the sample.
Fig. 13 is a schematic design diagram and an optical path simulation analysis diagram of a light source accommodating hole 2-3 according to an embodiment of the invention. The base dimensions of the light source-receiving aperture 2-3, including the depth of the light source-receiving aperture 2-3, the radius of the small diameter end opening of the light source-receiving aperture 2-3, and the radius of the large diameter end opening of the light source-receiving aperture 2-3, r, may be determined based on the inherent light emission characteristics of the light source 2-2 being used1And cone opening angle theta. FIG. 13 shows a model schematic of a simulation analysis to determine the fundamental dimensions of the light source-receiving opening 2-3, the main axis of the light source-receiving opening 2-3 forming an angle of 45 DEG with the viewing plane, a plurality of light sourcesThe receiving openings 2-3 are rotationally symmetrical about the y-axis and are arranged in the form of a regular polygon. The viewing surface is parallel to the plane xoz (Cartesian coordinates are shown) and is spaced a distance from the light source-receiving aperture 2-3. The depth of the light source receiving hole 2-3 and the cone opening angle theta together determine the distribution of the illumination spots. Taking the illumination source receiving hole 2-3 shown in fig. 13 as an example, the projection direction of the principal axis on the observation surface is coincident with the z-axis, and fig. 14 shows the light intensity distribution of the illumination source 2-2 on the observation surface, wherein the source radiation source is simulated by a small spherical (approximate point light source) filament. FIG. 14 is an optimized result with the illumination spot on the viewing surface being substantially symmetric along the x-axis and the central illumination area being slightly offset from the z-axis zero point. Such an optimization results in that the total spot illuminated by the plurality of light source-receiving apertures 2-3 of regular polygonal distribution exhibits a central intensity distribution which is high and relatively uniform around the spot. The small spherical filament radiation source is obviously not in accordance with the practical situation, the optimized illumination spot distribution of a single lamp hole and a spiral filament is shown in fig. 15, and it can be seen that the central illumination area still deviates from the zero point of the z axis and presents a bimodal distribution with approximate intensity. Fig. 16 shows the intensity distribution of the illumination spots illuminated by the light sources 2-2 in the five light source receiving holes 2-3 together, and as a whole, a relatively uniform illumination is achieved, with the normalized intensity distribution on the x-axis and z-axis as shown in fig. 17. Taking a spiral filament simulation model as an example, the filament diameter is 0.1mm, the spiral diameter is 0.2mm, the filament length is 2.4mm, the tube diameter is 3.0mm, and the shape is a cylindrical tube and a hemispherical top. And (3) displaying a simulation optimization result: the depth of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is 13.2mm, the conical surface angle theta of the light source accommodating hole 2-3 is 14.44 degrees, and the opening radius r16.8 mm. The experiment was verified to substantially match the simulation results using a model 1088-9A Light source from International Light Technologies, Inc. The degree of overlapping of the illumination light path and the sampling light path needs to be examined after the overall design of the main body, as shown in fig. 18, only a few illumination light rays (20 ten thousand light rays in a total trace) can enter the incident light-g of the lens group 3-3 through multiple reflections. These multiple reflected rays that do not reach the sample, although able to enter the lens group 3-3, are hardly able to enter the sensor interior, blocked by the diaphragm inside the lens group 3-3 and isolated by the limited entrance aperture of the sensor itself. Briefly, the present invention contemplates lightingSeparation of the optical path and the sampling optical path is achieved.
The embodiment shows that the portable spectrometer has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, high integration, portability, intellectualization, simple and convenient operation, real-time rapid measurement, higher measurement precision and the like, and can be used in the fields of medical food, environmental monitoring, agricultural production, petrochemical industry and the like.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims. In addition, all technical schemes of the invention can be combined. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other devices or steps than those listed in a claim or the specification; the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to denote names, and do not denote any particular order. In this context, "parallel," "perpendicular," and the like are not strictly mathematical and/or geometric limitations, but also encompass tolerances as would be understood by one skilled in the art and permitted by fabrication or use.
Claims (10)
1. Portable spectrum appearance, its characterized in that: the device comprises a main body, wherein the main body comprises a second main body (1-2) and a third main body (1-3) connected with the second main body (1-2), a second cavity is arranged in the second main body (1-2), a third cavity is arranged in the third main body (1-3), the second cavity is communicated with the third cavity, an opening is formed in one side, away from the third cavity, of the second cavity, and the projection area of the second cavity on a first reference surface is gradually increased along a first direction; the first reference surface is a surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the main body, the first direction is a direction in which the third cavity is close to the second cavity, and the first direction is parallel to the axial direction of the main body;
the device also comprises a first circuit board (3-1) and a spectrum sensor (3-2) arranged on the first circuit board (3-1), wherein the spectrum sensor (3-2) is arranged in the third cavity, the spectrum sensor (3-2) faces the second cavity, the first circuit board (3-1) is fixedly arranged on the third main body (1-3), a lens group (3-3) is also arranged in the third cavity, the lens group (3-3) is positioned between the spectrum sensor (3-2) and the second cavity, the lens group (3-3) is fixedly arranged on the third main body (1-3) through a lens bracket, the arrangement position of the lens group (3-3) is matched with that of the spectrum sensor (3-2);
the second main body (1-2) is further provided with a light source accommodating hole (2-3), the light source accommodating hole (2-3) is communicated with the second cavity, a light source (2-2) is fixedly arranged in the light source accommodating hole (2-3), the projected area of the light source accommodating hole (2-3) on a second reference surface is gradually increased along a second direction, and the light source accommodating hole (2-3) is obliquely arranged relative to the first reference surface; the second reference surface is a surface perpendicular to the axis of the light source accommodating hole (2-3), the second direction is a direction in which the light source accommodating hole (2-3) is close to the second cavity, and the second direction is parallel to the axis direction of the light source accommodating hole (2-3); the light source accommodating hole (2-3) is used for enabling the light emitted by the light source (2-2) to irradiate the sample pool (7-1).
2. The portable spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the second cavity is a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity, and an included angle between a generatrix of the inner peripheral wall of the second main body (1-2) and the first reference surface is 45 degrees.
3. The portable spectrometer of claim 2, wherein: the light source accommodating holes (2-3) are round table-shaped holes, and the included angle between the axis of the light source accommodating holes (2-3) and the first reference surface is 45 degrees.
4. The portable spectrometer of claim 3, wherein: the third cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the number of the spectrum sensors (3-2) is a plurality, and the spectrum sensors (3-2) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral wall of the third main body (1-3); the number of the light sources (2-2) is a plurality, one light source (2-2) is arranged between every two adjacent spectrum sensors (3-2), and the light sources (2-2) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential wall of the second main body (1-2).
5. The portable spectrometer of claim 4, wherein: the spectral sensor (3-2) is cylindrical; projection on the first reference plane: the axis of the light source (2-2) and the perpendicular bisector of a connecting line of the circle centers of the two adjacent spectrum sensors (3-2) are positioned on the same straight line.
6. The portable spectrometer of claim 4 or 5, wherein: the spectral sensor (3-2) is cylindrical; projection on the first reference plane: the distance between the centers of circles of two adjacent spectrum sensors (3-2) is dsaThe distance between the center of the spectrum sensor (3-2) and the center of the third cavity is dssThe minimum center distance between two adjacent spectrum sensors (3-2) is d00The radius of the spectrum sensor (3-2) is rcThe minimum distance between the spectrum sensor (3-2) and the inner peripheral wall of the third body (1-3) is daThe minimum inner diameter of the third body (1-3) is d0，dssAnd dsaThe relation with the number No of the spectrum sensors (3-2) is as follows,
when the number of the spectrum sensors (3-2) is 3, the d0 is expressed as (a); when the number of the spectrum sensors (3-2) is 4, the d0 is expressed as formula (b); when the number of the spectrum sensors (3-2) is 5, d is0Expressed as (c); when the number of the spectrum sensors (3-2) is 6, d is0Expressed as (d);
wherein d isa＝d00/2-rc。
7. The portable spectrometer of claim 6, wherein: an included angle between the axis of the light source accommodating hole (2-3) and a generatrix of the inner circumferential wall of the light source accommodating hole (2-3) is theta, and the minimum distance between one side of the second cavity close to the third cavity and the bottom of the main body is h0The vertical distance between the center of the large-diameter end of the light source accommodating hole (2-3) and the center of the small-diameter end of the second cavity is h1；
h0＝d0 tanα,
Where α is 45 ° + θ.
8. The portable spectrometer of claim 7, wherein: the radius of the large-diameter end of the light source accommodating hole (2-3) is r1The main body further comprises a first main body (1-1) connected with the second main body (1-2), a first cavity communicated with the second cavity is arranged in the first main body (1-1), the first cavity is a cylindrical cavity, an opening is formed in one side, away from the second cavity, of the first cavity, and the maximum distance between one side, close to the second cavity, of the first cavity and the bottom of the main body is h2The diameter of the inner peripheral wall of the first body (1-1) is d1；
Wherein β is 45 ° - θ.
9. The portable spectrometer of any of claims 1-5, wherein: the lens group (3-3) comprises a concave lens (5-1) and a first convex lens (5-2) which are arranged in a spaced mode in the first direction, the concave lens (5-1) is located at one side close to the spectrum sensor (3-2), a diaphragm (5-5) is further arranged between the concave lens (5-1) and the spectrum sensor (3-2), the focal plane of the concave lens (5-1) close to one side of the spectrum sensor (3-2) is an A surface, the focal plane of the first convex lens (5-2) close to one side of the concave lens (5-1) is a B surface, the A surface is coincided with the B surface, the focal points are coincided, and the diaphragm (5-5) is arranged at the focal point of the coincided focal plane.
10. The portable spectrometer of any of claims 1-5, wherein: the lens support comprises a support body (3-4), the shape of the support body (3-4) is matched with that of the third cavity, the support body (3-4) is connected with the third main body (1-3), a threaded hole (3-4-1) for mounting the lens group (3-3) is formed in the top surface of the support body (3-4), a containing hole for containing the spectrum sensor (3-2) is formed in the bottom surface of the support body (3-4), the threaded hole (3-4-1) is coaxial with the containing hole, the threaded hole (3-4-1) is communicated with the containing hole, and an annular bulge (3-4-2) is formed in the inner peripheral wall of the threaded hole (3-4-1) along the circumferential direction of the threaded hole, or the inner peripheral wall of the accommodating hole is provided with an annular bulge (3-4-2) along the circumferential direction.
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| CN116412912A (en) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-07-11 | 长春长光辰谱科技有限公司 | Batch collection micro spectrometer and collection method thereof |
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