CN114279965A - Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor which comprises a first single mode fiber, a fine core fiber, a photonic crystal fiber and a second single mode fiber which are coupled in sequence, wherein two adjacent sections of fibers are coupled in a fusion mode, transmission light enters the fine core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber through the first single mode fiber and is finally emitted from the second single mode fiber. The composite MZI device is formed by welding a section of thin-core optical fiber and a section of photonic crystal optical fiber between two sections of single-mode optical fibers in a direct welding mode, high-quality interference spectrum can be obtained through the lengths of the thin-core optical fiber and the photonic crystal optical fiber, the operation is simple and convenient, the processing efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the composite MZI device is suitable for optical fiber refractive index devices of different types.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope engineering safety assessment, in particular to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal optical fiber refractive index sensor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The refractive index measurement has wide application in the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and the like. The Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) has lower temperature cross-sensitivity and stronger birefringence effect compared to the common single mode fiber due to its cladding region consisting of a series of hole arrays, and has important applications in fiber sensing. Mach-zehnder (MZI) interferometers have been widely spotlighted in refractive index sensing, which has advantages of simple manufacture, high sensitivity, and the like.
Currently available fiber optic refractive index Sensors based on MZI PCF mainly have a taper PCF-MZI (FIG. 1, from Wu D, Zhao Y, Li J. PCF tape-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for a fractional index sensing in PDMS detection cell [ J ]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical,2015,213:1-4.), a fusion point taper MZI (FIG. 2, from Zhao Y, Xia F, Hu H, et. A. photonic crystal for an enhanced refractive index sensing device [ J ]. Optics Components, 2017,402: 3625) and a nano-coating PCF (FIG. 3, from PCF tape J. Zehnder transducer, FIG. 38. photonic crystal transducer, photonic crystal transducer for an enhanced refractive index sensing device [ J ]. photonic crystals, 3625: 2016,236: Mach transducer, FIG. 1, PCF, FIG. 1. PCF, FIG. 3, FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 1, FIG. 3, A, and PCF-MZI (FIG. 4, from Haifeng D U, Sun X, Youwang H U, et al. high Sensitive reflective Index Based on clipping of Ethed Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer [ J ]. Photonic Sensors: 2019,9(2):9.) Based on different Fiber types, such as polarization PCF, nonlinear PCF, large-mode-field PCF, etc., and fusion point taper PCF-MZI devices, although also obtained by controlling fusion machine discharges, the control of parameters is more complicated than direct fusion. And the performance of the device is closely related to the shape control of the taper, the mechanical strength of the PCF is reduced due to the tapering. The nano coating PCF device needs special equipment to realize the deposition of the nano coating on the PCF surface, generally needs special chemical treatment and is more complex to prepare. The PCF devices of different types are directly welded, the welding is convenient and simple, but the refractive index sensitivity of the devices is generally small, the spectral quality needs to be improved, the design flexibility of the devices is not enough, and the application of the devices is limited.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the convenience of clear and complete description of the technical solutions of the present application and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. Such solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art merely because they have been set forth in the background section of the present application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel high-sensitivity PCF-MZI optical fiber refractive index sensor and a preparation method thereof, a composite device obtained by directly welding a section of TCF (thin core fiber) and a section of PCF is simple and controllable in operation, low in cost and high in spectral quality, and the spectral characteristics of the device can be adjusted through the lengths of the TCF and the PCF.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a refractive index sensor of a mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber, including a first single mode fiber, a fine core fiber, a photonic crystal fiber, and a second single mode fiber, which are coupled in sequence, wherein two adjacent sections of fibers are coupled by fusion splicing, and transmission light enters the fine core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber through the first single mode fiber and is finally emitted from the second single mode fiber.
Further, the core and cladding diameters of the first single mode fiber and the second single mode fiber are 8.2 μm and 125 μm, respectively.
Further, the core and cladding diameters were 2.5 μm and 125 μm, respectively.
Further, the cladding of the photonic crystal fiber consists of six layers of air hole arrays, the diameter of the cladding is 125 mu m, and the diameters of the air holes and the core layer are respectively 2.88 mu m and 10.1 mu m.
Further, the sensitivity of the device can reach 307.25 nm/RIU.
Further, the refractive indexes of the core layer and the cladding layer of the thin-core optical fiber are changed in a step mode.
Further, the lengths of the thin-core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber can be accurately controlled to obtain the optimal refractive index sensitivity and the optimal spectral quality.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor, which comprises the steps of firstly welding a section of thin-core fiber and a first single-mode fiber together by using a welding machine; welding a section of photonic crystal fiber and a second single-mode fiber together by using a welding machine; then the end parts of the two sections of the thin-core optical fibers and the photonic crystal optical fibers are welded together to complete the preparation; and in the fusion welding process, the fiber coating layers of the first single-mode fiber, the second single-mode fiber, the thin-core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber are removed.
Wherein, the length of the fusion collapse zone of the thin-core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber is about 235 μm, and the width of the fusion collapse zone is about 104 μm.
Wherein the lengths of the thin core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber are controllable.
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the composite MZI device, a section of thin-core optical fiber and a section of photonic crystal optical fiber are welded between two sections of single-mode optical fibers in a direct welding mode to form the composite MZI device, a high-quality interference spectrum can be obtained through the lengths of the thin-core optical fiber and the photonic crystal optical fiber, the operation is simple and convenient, the processing efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the composite MZI device is suitable for optical fiber refractive index devices of different types;
other advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description that follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tapered PCF-MZI;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fused-point tapered PCF-MZI;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a nano-coated PCF-MZI;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of PCF-MZI based on different fiber types;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of wavelength with the external refractive index and the relationship of wavelength with the refractive index when the TCF and PCF have lengths of 40mm, respectively, in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cladding of a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention.
[ description of reference ]
1-a first single mode optical fiber; 2-a fine core optical fiber; 3-photonic crystal fiber; 4-a second single mode fiber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a locked connection, a releasable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor including a first single mode fiber 1(SMF), a thin core fiber 2(TCF), a photonic crystal fiber 3(PCF), and a second single mode fiber 4(SMF) coupled in sequence. When light is transmitted into the TCF from the core layer of the first single-mode fiber 1, which is an incident fiber at the left end, more light is coupled into the cladding region of the TCF at the fusion-spliced region of the SMF-TCF since the core diameter of the TCF is smaller than that of the SMF. When the light of the TCF cladding is transmitted into the PCF, more light energy can act with the external refractive index matching fluid in the collapse area to form stronger refraction in the fusion collapse area of the TCF and the PCF, so that the sensitivity of the device is improved. In addition, the introduction of TCF can also reduce the use of PCF length, thereby reducing device cost.
The refractive index sensitivity of the PCF relative to a single PCF (i.e., one PCF coupled between two SMFs) is about 167.6nm/RIU (J.N. Wang and J.L. Tang. Photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer for a destructive index sensing Sens 2012; 12(3):2983-95.), and the device sensitivity provided by the present embodiment can reach 307.25nm/RIU, as shown in FIG. 6.
In this embodiment, the refractive indices of the core and cladding of the TCF are step-changed, and the difference in optical transmission is large compared to the graded-index multimode fiber, and the cost is significantly lower than that of the graded-index multimode fiber. In addition, the core diameter of the TCF is smaller than the SMF, while the core diameter of the graded-index multimode fiber is larger than the SMF, making it difficult to couple more light into the cladding region of the TCF in the fusion zone.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameters of the core and the cladding of the first single-mode fiber 1 and the second single-mode fiber 4 are 8.2 μm and 125 μm, respectively, and the diameters of the core and the cladding of the thin-core fiber 2 are 2.5 μm and 125 μm, respectively. The cladding section of the photonic crystal fiber 3 is shown in FIG. 7 and consists of an array of six layers of air holes, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, and the air holes and the core diameter are 2.88 μm and 10.1 μm, respectively.
The refractive index sensitivity and the fringe resolution of the refractive index sensor in the embodiment are closely related to the lengths of the TCF and the PCF, and the optimal refractive index sensitivity and the optimal spectral quality can be obtained by controlling the lengths of the TCF and the PCF.
In the experiment, the length of TCF and PCF is the same, and three groups of data of 35mm, 40mm and 45mm are respectively adopted. Experiments have found that the longer the length, the more concentrated the wavelength in the spectral window, and the best the MZI fringe visibility is when L is approximately 35mm in air. Considering that for the sensor, the more compact the size, the less the disturbance such as bending of the outside is relatively; however, the smaller the size, the larger the FSR of two wavelengths, and since the experimental light source bandwidth is only 74nm (1548-1602 nm), and when the length is greater than 45mm, the spectral wavelength observable in the visible window is very small, so that the length greater than 45mm is not tried in the practical experiment. Since the cutting knife used is the rattan bin CT40, the lengths 35, 40 and 45 are also set for ease of operation.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 of the invention provides a preparation method of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor, which is a composite device obtained by directly welding a section of TCF and a section of PCF. Firstly, a section of TCF and a first single mode fiber SMF serving as an incident fiber are welded together by using a welding machine; a section of PCF and a second single mode fiber SMF serving as an emergent fiber are welded together by adopting a direct welding method; the two sections of TCF and PCF were then welded together at their ends to complete the preparation. And in the fusion process, the first single-mode fiber 1, the second single-mode fiber 2, the thin-core fiber 3 and the photonic crystal fiber 4 are removed from the fiber coating layers. The length of the interferometer can be controlled by controlling the lengths of the TCF and the PCF in preparation, so that the modulation depth of a spectral interference peak of the MZI can be controlled.
In the invention, a section of TCF and PCF are welded, and due to different optical fiber structures, a collapse area can be formed at the welding position and can be controlled by the discharge time and the intensity. Preferably, the fusion collapse zone of TCF and PCF is about 235 μm in length and about 104 μm in width.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor is characterized by comprising a first single mode fiber, a fine core fiber, a photonic crystal fiber and a second single mode fiber which are sequentially coupled, wherein two adjacent sections of fibers are coupled in a fusion welding mode, transmission light enters the fine core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber through the first single mode fiber and is finally emitted from the second single mode fiber.
2. The mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 1, wherein the core and cladding diameters of the first single mode fiber, the second single mode fiber are 8.2 μ ι η and 125 μ ι η, respectively.
3. The mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 1, wherein the core and cladding diameters of the fine-core fiber are 2.5 μ ι η and 125 μ ι η, respectively.
4. The mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 1, wherein the cladding of the photonic crystal fiber is composed of an array of six layers of air holes, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, and the air holes and core diameters are 2.88 μm and 10.1 μm, respectively.
5. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 1, in which device sensitivity can reach 307.25 nm/RIU.
6. The mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 1, wherein the core and cladding refractive indices of the fine core fiber are step-type changes.
7. The mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 1, wherein the lengths of the fine-core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber can be accurately controlled for optimal refractive index sensitivity and optimal spectral quality.
8. A method for preparing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that a section of fine-core fiber and a first single-mode fiber are welded together by a fusion splicer; welding a section of photonic crystal fiber and a second single-mode fiber together by using a welding machine; then the end parts of the two sections of the thin-core optical fibers and the photonic crystal optical fibers are welded together to complete the preparation; and in the fusion welding process, the fiber coating layers of the first single-mode fiber, the second single-mode fiber, the thin-core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber are removed.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the fused collapse zone of the fine-core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber has a length of about 235 μm and a width of about 104 μm.
10. The method of manufacturing a mach-zehnder interferometer photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor of claim 8, wherein lengths of the fine core fiber and the photonic crystal fiber can be controlled.
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