CN114232216A - Method for manufacturing polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114232216A CN114232216A CN202111598635.2A CN202111598635A CN114232216A CN 114232216 A CN114232216 A CN 114232216A CN 202111598635 A CN202111598635 A CN 202111598635A CN 114232216 A CN114232216 A CN 114232216A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010044 bi-component spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 27
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven fabric product produced by the method for manufacturing the polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material has the advantages of high density, high filter precision, no fluffiness, good mechanical property and the like. The invention produces PETG fiber and conventional PET fiber with high shrinkage performance through the same spinneret plate by virtue of bi-component spinning, and improves the density of the non-woven fabric through the high shrinkage of the PETG fiber, so that the non-woven fabric has high density, small aperture, high filtration precision, large bonding force among fibers, good mechanical property of the product and difficult fluffing on the surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-woven fabric production, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a high-density polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material.
Background
The spunbond process, also known as spunlaid, is the most important and most widely used method in nonwovens. The non-woven fabric is made by using chemical fiber spinning principle, laying continuous filament fibers into a net in the polymer spinning process, and reinforcing the net by a mechanical, chemical or thermal method. The specific process is as follows:
the polymer slice is added into a hopper and then fed into a screw extruder, the screw has a heating function, the slice is melted and extruded in the screw, the filtered melt is conveyed to a spinning assembly by a metering pump according to a certain flow, the spinning assembly is provided with a spinneret plate with a plurality of small holes, the melt flows out of the small holes of the spinneret plate to form a plurality of thin flows, the thin flows of the melt are cooled into fibers after being blown by a side air, then the fibers enter a drafting device, the high-speed air flow in the drafting device is used for drafting, the macromolecules of the fibers are oriented and crystallized, the fibers obtain good mechanical properties, the fibers are laid on a net forming curtain belt with an air suction device below after being drafted, then the net forming curtain belt is conveyed to a reinforcing device and is reinforced by any one or two methods of hot rolling, chemical bonding, needle punching, water jet punching and the like, and the net forming non-woven fabric is formed by spinning.
The types of spunbonded nonwoven fabrics are mainly polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven fabrics and polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabrics. The disadvantages are that:
the spunbonded needle-punched non-woven fabric has high bulkiness, large thickness and low density, so the filtering efficiency is low and the surface is easy to have fuzzing phenomenon.
The cause is as follows:
this is because, in the production of the spunbonded needle-punched nonwoven fabric, since the spunbonded nonwoven fabric is continuous filaments and is difficult to move, the needle punching density and the needle punching depth cannot be excessively large, and the breakage of the fibers is prevented. Under the process of relatively low needling density and small needling depth, the fiber entanglement degree of the spun-bonded needle-punched non-woven fabric is limited, the product has large thickness and high bulkiness, so the pore size is large and the filtration efficiency is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low density, high filling power and low filtering efficiency of the conventional spun-bonded needle-punched non-woven fabric, the preparation method of the polyester spun-bonded needle-punched non-woven filter material is provided, and the polyester spun-bonded needle-punched non-woven fabric with higher density is prepared, is not easy to fluff, and has high filtering precision and good mechanical property.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of making a polyester spunbond needle punched nonwoven filter material comprising the steps of:
1) enabling the PET slices to enter a pre-crystallizer for crystallization, drying and then entering a screw extruder; drying the PETG slices and then feeding the PETG slices into another screw extruder;
2) the PET melt and the PETG melt obtained by the two screw extruders are conveyed into a bi-component spinning box body, the bi-component spinning box body comprises a spinneret plate, the spinneret plate is provided with a plurality of PET holes positioned in the center of the plate and a plurality of PETG holes positioned on the periphery of the PET holes, and the PET melt and the PETG melt respectively pass through the PET holes and the PETG holes;
3) the melt stream passing through the PET holes and the PETG holes becomes solid fibers under the cooling of the cross air blow;
4) air flow drafting;
5) laying silk to form a net;
6) needling and reinforcing;
7) heating;
8) and (6) pressing.
Further, in the step 1), in the pre-crystallizer, the PET slices are in a boiling state under the blowing of hot air, the slices are heated in the pre-crystallizer, the pre-crystallization temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the slices enter a drying tower, and the drying temperature is 145-165 ℃; the slices with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry slice hopper positioned above a screw extruder, fall into the screw extruder under the action of gravity, the screw extruder is divided into six zones for heating, and the temperature is set between 205 ℃ and 310 ℃.
Further, in the step 1), the PETG slices are put in a storage bin, then conveyed by a rotary valve and fall into a drying tower, the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, the used drying air source is dehumidifying air, and the dew point temperature is lower than-70 ℃; the PETG slices with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry slice hopper positioned above a screw extruder, fall into the screw extruder under the action of gravity, the screw extruder is divided into six areas for heating, and the temperature is set between 160 ℃ and 270 ℃.
Furthermore, cooling circulating water is arranged at a feed opening of the screw extruder, the melt pressure at the tail end of the screw extruder is measured by a pressure sensor, and the rotating speed of the screw is controlled through pressure feedback.
Further, the melt with stable pressure obtained by the screw extruder is filtered by a melt filter, the filtered melt is conveyed into a bi-component spinning box body, a certain number of metering pumps are arranged in the spinning box body, the melt is reasonably distributed into each metering pump through the distribution of a melt distribution pipe, the melt with accurate volume is conveyed onto each bi-component spinning component through the metering pumps by rotation of the metering pumps, filter sand is filled in each spinning component, the filtered melt uniformly enters each small hole of a spinneret under the action of the distribution plate, the melt is uniformly divided into a plurality of strands of thin streams by the spinneret, the thin streams are extruded from the small holes of the spinneret under the action of pressure and gravity and are exposed in the air, the melt filter and the spinning box body are heated by biphenyl steam, and the temperature of the filter and the box body is controlled between 270 ℃ and 290 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the cross air blowing in the step 3) is controlled to be 15-25 ℃, and the air speed of the cross air blowing is controlled to be 0.25-0.45 m/s.
Further, the air flow drafting of the step 4) is realized by a tubular drafting nozzle below each spinning component of the bi-component spinning manifold, the drafting nozzle adopts compressed air, the compressed air is sprayed downwards to form high-speed air flow after passing through an annular gap inside the tubular drafting nozzle, a certain negative pressure area is formed above the drafting nozzle to form a certain suction force on the fiber, the fiber is sucked above the drafting nozzle, the high-speed air flow and the fiber move downwards at a high speed along with the air flow under the action of the friction force of the high-speed air flow, the high-speed air flow and the fiber are limited in a drafting tube with a certain diameter and a certain length, the fiber can be accelerated to the speed of 4000-8000m/min in the drafting tube, and the fiber speed is far higher than the speed of the melt when the melt flows out of the spinneret holes.
Furthermore, the fiber bundle after exiting the drafting tube is laid into a uniform fiber web under the action of a fiber splitter, the fiber splitter is an airflow diffuser connected to the tail end of the drafting tube, the speed of drafting airflow is continuously reduced and the static pressure is increased through the continuous increase of the section of the airflow diffuser, and when the airflow speed is lower than the speed of the fiber after drafting, the fiber bundle can be naturally dispersed and falls onto the web forming curtain in a spiral shape;
since the angle of the air diffuser with respect to the direction of advance of the wire-forming curtain can be adjusted as desired.
Further, the needle-punched non-woven fabric in the step 7) enters an infrared heating oven, and the temperature in the oven is controlled to be 80-150 ℃.
Further, the plurality of PET holes are the PET holes arranged in a plurality of circles of circumferential arrays, the plurality of PETG holes are the PETG holes arranged in a circle of circumferential arrays on the periphery of the PET holes, and the bi-component spinning box body is respectively provided with a PET conveying pipe communicated with the PET holes and a PETG conveying pipe communicated with the PETG holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven fabric product produced by the invention has the advantages of high density, high filtering precision, no fluffiness, good mechanical property and the like. The invention produces PETG fiber and conventional PET fiber with high shrinkage performance through the same spinneret plate by virtue of bi-component spinning, and improves the density of the non-woven fabric through the high shrinkage of the PETG fiber, so that the non-woven fabric has high density, small aperture, high filtration precision, large bonding force among fibers, good mechanical property of the product and difficult fluffing on the surface.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of making a polyester spunbond needle punched nonwoven filter material;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial construction of a two-component assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spinneret plate structure.
1-a storage bin; 2-pre-crystallizer;
3-drying tower; 4-screw extruder;
5-melt filter; 6-a metering pump;
7-bicomponent spinning beam; 8-spinneret plate;
9-PET well; 10-PETG hole
11-PET delivery tube; 12-PETG delivery pipe;
13-side blowing windows; 14-a draft tube;
15-a filament divider; 16-forming a net curtain;
17-needling machine; 18-oven;
19-pressing machine; 20-winder.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The flow of the manufacturing method of the high-density polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material is shown in figure 1.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate) chips are fed into a bin 1, conveyed by a rotary valve, and fall into a pre-crystallizer 2.
In the pre-crystallizer 2, the PET slices are in a boiling state under the blowing of hot air, and the slices collide with each other to prevent bonding. The slice is heated in the pre-crystallizer 2, the crystallinity is increased, the water content is reduced, and the pre-crystallization temperature is 140-. The chips with higher crystallinity are blown into the drying tower 3 by hot air. The scheme adopts the filling type drying tower 3, the slices enter from the upper part of the drying tower 3 and meet with dehumidified hot air introduced from the bottom of the drying tower 3 in the falling process, the moisture in the slices is taken away by the hot air, and after the slices stay in the drying tower 3 for a long time, the moisture content of the slices reaches the requirement of spinning, and the drying temperature is 145-165 ℃.
The chips with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry chip hopper positioned above the screw extruder 4 and fall into the screw extruder 4 under the action of gravity. The screw extruder 4 is divided into six zones for heating, a resistance heating mode is adopted, the temperature is set between 205 ℃ and 310 ℃, and cooling circulating water is arranged at the feed opening of the screw extruder 4 to prevent the slices from being circled at the feed opening. The chips are melted and mixed uniformly while being advanced by shearing and heating in the screw extruder 4. When the end of the screw rod is reached, the slice is completely melted, the melt pressure is measured by a pressure sensor, and the rotating speed of the screw rod is controlled through the feedback of the pressure, so that the stability of the melt pressure is ensured.
The melt is melted and mixed evenly and completely, the melt with stable pressure is filtered by the melt filter 5, and the melt filter 5 can effectively remove inorganic impurities and gel particles in the melt so as to reduce the adverse effect of the impurities on the spinning process. The filter is switchable, and when the filtering pressure difference is larger, the old filter element is switched into a new filter element, so that the stability of the filtering effect is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the filtered melt is fed into a bicomponent spinning beam 7, which is equipped with a number of metering pumps 6, and the melt is distributed through a melt distribution pipe to be distributed reasonably to each metering pump 6. The metering pump 6 is a precision gear pump, and by rotation of the metering pump 6, a melt of precise volume is delivered by the metering pump 6 to each bicomponent spinning pack. The spinning assembly is filled with filter sand for further filtering the melt, the filtered melt uniformly enters each small hole of the spinneret plate 8 under the action of the distribution plate, and the melt is uniformly divided into a plurality of thin streams by the spinneret plate 8, extruded from the small holes of the spinneret plate 8 under the action of pressure and gravity and exposed to air. The melt filter 5 and the spinning beam are heated by biphenyl steam to ensure accurate temperature control. The temperature of the filter and the box body is controlled between 270 ℃ and 290 ℃.
The PETG pellets are placed in a silo 1 and then transported by a rotary valve to fall into a drying tower 3. The drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, the used drying air source is dehumidifying air, and the dew point temperature is less than-70 ℃.
PETG (polyethylene terephthalate-1, 4-cyclohexane dimethanol ester) slices with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry slice hopper positioned above the screw extruder 4 and fall into the screw extruder 4 under the action of gravity. The screw extruder 4 is divided into six zones for heating, a resistance heating mode is adopted, the temperature is set between 160-270 ℃, and cooling circulating water is arranged at the feed opening of the screw extruder 4 to prevent the slices from being annularly connected at the feed opening. The chips are melted and mixed uniformly while being advanced by shearing and heating in the screw extruder 4. When the end of the screw rod is reached, the slice is completely melted, the melt pressure is measured by a pressure sensor, and the rotating speed of the screw rod is controlled through the feedback of the pressure, so that the stability of the melt pressure is ensured.
The melt with stable pressure is filtered by the melt filter 5, which can effectively remove inorganic impurities and gel particles in the melt to reduce the adverse effect of impurities on the spinning process. The filter is switchable, and when the filtering pressure difference is larger, the old filter element is switched into a new filter element, so that the stability of the filtering effect is ensured.
The filtered melt is conveyed into a bi-component spinning manifold 7, a certain number of metering pumps 6 are arranged in the spinning manifold, and the melt is reasonably distributed into each metering pump 6 through distribution of a melt distribution pipe. The metering pump 6 is a precision gear pump, and by rotation of the metering pump 6, a melt of precise volume is delivered by the metering pump 6 to each bicomponent spinning pack. Filter sand is equipped with in the spinning subassembly, can carry out further filtration to the fuse-element, the fuse-element after the filtration passes through the effect of break plate, evenly in entering into every aperture of spinneret 8, the aperture includes PET hole 9 and PETG hole 10, PET hole 9 is the PET hole 9 that a plurality of circles circumference array arranged, PETG hole 10 is the PETG hole 10 that is located the peripheral round circumference array arrangement of PET hole 9, bi-component spinning box 7 is equipped with the PET conveyer pipe 11 with PET hole 9 intercommunication respectively, and the PETG conveyer pipe 12 with PETG hole 10 intercommunication.
The melt is uniformly divided into a plurality of streams by the spinneret 8, and is extruded from the orifices of the spinneret 8 under pressure and gravity, and exposed to air. The melt filter 5 and the spinning beam are heated by biphenyl steam to ensure accurate temperature control. The temperature of the filter and the box body is controlled between 270 ℃ and 290 ℃.
The two melt streams are continuously cooled under the action of side blowing, the melt is converted into solid, and under the action of stretching force and cooling, the melt changes of the two components are different due to different molecular structures, wherein PET fibers generate obvious crystallization and orientation, PETG molecular chains have no crystallization capacity, and the fibers only generate orientation and do not generate crystallization.
The temperature of the cross air is controlled by an air conditioner, and the temperature and the humidity of the air are accurately controlled, so that the distribution of the temperature and the tension of the fibers is reasonably controlled. The high-speed spinning is facilitated to be realized, the temperature of the cross air blow is controlled to be 15-25 ℃, and the air speed of the cross air blow is controlled to be 0.25-0.45 m/s. The honeycomb rectifying plate is arranged in the side blowing window 13, and a plurality of layers of metal gauze screens are additionally arranged, so that the side blowing window can still keep a good laminar flow state at high wind speed.
The drafting process of the fiber is realized by a tubular drafting nozzle below each spinning component, compressed air adopted by the drafting nozzles is downwards sprayed to form high-speed airflow after passing through an annular gap inside the tubular drafting nozzles, and a certain negative pressure area is formed above the drafting nozzles to form a certain suction force on the fiber. The fiber is sucked above the drafting spray head, and moves downwards at high speed along with the airflow under the action of the friction force of the high-speed airflow, the high-speed airflow and the fiber are limited in the drafting tube 14 with a certain diameter and a certain length, and the fiber can be accelerated to the speed of 4000-8000m/min in the drafting tube 14. The fiber speed is far higher than the speed of the melt flowing out from 8 holes of the spinneret plate, so that the melt is under stronger stretching action, molecules are easy to orient and crystallize, the intermolecular force is greatly enhanced, and the fiber obtains excellent mechanical properties.
The fiber bundle after exiting the drawing tube 14 is laid into a uniform fiber web by the action of the separator 15. The main structure of the yarn separator 15 is an air diffuser at the end of the draft tube 14, and the speed of the draft air flow is reduced and the static pressure is increased by increasing the cross section of the air diffuser. When the air velocity is slower than the drafted fiber velocity, an aerodynamic "hole effect" is created that causes the fiber bundles to naturally spread and fall in a spiral onto the web 16.
Since the angle of the air diffuser with respect to the direction of advance of the wire 16 can be adjusted as desired. Through the adjustment of the angle, the falling mode of the fibers is changed, so that the arrangement modes of the fibers in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction are different, and the effect of changing the ratio of the longitudinal strength to the transverse strength of the product is achieved.
The fiber web laid evenly and flatly enters a needle machine 17 under the conveying of a net forming curtain 16, and the fibers are intertwined through the high-speed up-and-down movement of needles of the needle machine 17, so that the needle-punched non-woven fabric with certain mechanical property is formed.
The needle-punched non-woven fabric enters an infrared heating oven 18, the temperature in the oven 18 is controlled to be 80-150 ℃, and at the temperature, PETG fibers are obviously shrunk, so that gaps among fiber webs are reduced, the density is increased, and the effect of high-density spun-bonded needle-punched non-woven fabric is achieved.
Two fibers are produced in the same spinneret 8 by adopting a bi-component spinning technology, wherein one fiber is a PET fiber with good mechanical property, and the other fiber is a PETG fiber with good thermal shrinkage property. Because the same spinneret 8 is used for spinning, the two components can be uniformly distributed in the fiber web after the fibers are laid into the net. When the needled fiber web is subjected to heat treatment, PETG fibers can shrink obviously, so that the density of the fiber web is increased, the porosity and the pore size are reduced, and the filtering precision is increased.
And pressing the hot-dried product by two heated smooth rollers at the temperature of about 160-200 ℃ to improve the smoothness of the cloth cover.
The cloth after passing through the press 19 is wound by a winder 20 into a final product.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a polyester spunbond needle punched nonwoven filter material comprising the steps of:
1) enabling the PET slices to enter a pre-crystallizer for crystallization, drying and then entering a screw extruder; drying the PETG slices and then feeding the PETG slices into another screw extruder;
2) the PET melt and the PETG melt obtained by the two screw extruders are conveyed into a bi-component spinning box body, the bi-component spinning box body comprises a spinneret plate, the spinneret plate is provided with a plurality of PET holes positioned in the center of the plate and a plurality of PETG holes positioned on the periphery of the PET holes, and the PET melt and the PETG melt respectively pass through the PET holes and the PETG holes;
3) the melt stream passing through the PET holes and the PETG holes becomes solid fibers under the cooling of the cross air blow;
4) air flow drafting;
5) laying silk to form a net;
6) needling and reinforcing;
7) heating;
8) and (6) pressing.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the PET chips are boiled by blowing hot air in the pre-crystallizer, the chips are heated in the pre-crystallizer, the pre-crystallization temperature is 140-160 ℃ and the temperature is 165 ℃ in the drying tower; the slices with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry slice hopper positioned above a screw extruder, fall into the screw extruder under the action of gravity, the screw extruder is divided into six zones for heating, and the temperature is set between 205 ℃ and 310 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonwoven filter material is a nonwoven filter material,
in the step 1), the PETG slices are put in a storage bin, then conveyed by a rotary valve and fall into a drying tower, the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, the used drying air source is dehumidifying air, and the dew point temperature is lower than-70 ℃; the PETG slices with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry slice hopper positioned above a screw extruder, fall into the screw extruder under the action of gravity, the screw extruder is divided into six areas for heating, and the temperature is set between 160 ℃ and 270 ℃.
4. The method for manufacturing a polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein cooling circulating water is provided at a feed opening of the screw extruder, the melt pressure at the screw end of the screw extruder is measured by a pressure sensor, and the rotation speed of the screw is controlled by the feedback of the pressure.
5. A process for the production of a polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the melt obtained by the screw extruder and stabilized in pressure is subsequently filtered by a melt filter, the filtered melt is fed into a bicomponent spinning pack, which is provided with a number of metering pumps, the melt is distributed through a melt distribution pipe into each of which a precise volume of melt is fed by the metering pumps to each bicomponent spinning pack by rotation of the metering pumps, the spinning pack is filled with filter sand, the filtered melt is fed uniformly into each of the orifices of the spinneret by the action of a distribution plate, the melt is uniformly divided into a plurality of fine streams by the spinneret, extruded from the orifices of the spinneret under the action of pressure and gravity and exposed to air, the melt filter and the spinning pack are heated by means of biphenyl steam, the temperature of the filter and the box body is controlled between 270 ℃ and 290 ℃.
6. The method for manufacturing the polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature of the cross air blow in the step 3) is controlled between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, and the air speed of the cross air blow is controlled between 0.25 m/s and 0.45 m/s.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the polyester spunbonded needle-punched nonwoven filter material is produced by a method comprising the steps of, it is characterized in that the air flow drafting of the step 4) is realized by a tubular drafting nozzle below each spinning component of the bi-component spinning manifold, the drafting nozzle adopts compressed air, after the compressed air passes through an annular gap inside the tubular drafting nozzle, downward spraying to form high-speed airflow, forming a certain negative pressure region above the drafting nozzle, the fiber is sucked above the drafting nozzle, the high-speed airflow and the fiber are limited in the drafting tube with a certain diameter and a certain length along with the downward high-speed movement of the airflow under the action of the friction force of the high-speed airflow, the fiber can be accelerated to the speed of 4000-8000m/min in the drafting tube, and the fiber speed is far higher than the speed of the melt flowing out of the spinneret plate hole.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fiber bundle exiting from the draft tube is laid into a uniform web by a fiber splitter, the fiber splitter is an air diffuser connected to the end of the draft tube, the cross section of the air diffuser is increased to reduce the velocity of the draft air and increase the static pressure, and when the air velocity is lower than the velocity of the fiber after drafting, the fiber bundle is naturally dispersed and falls spirally onto the web; since the angle of the air diffuser with respect to the direction of advance of the wire-forming curtain can be adjusted as desired.
9. The manufacturing method of the polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the needle-punched non-woven fabric in the step 7) enters an infrared heating oven, and the temperature in the oven is controlled to be 80-150 ℃.
10. The method for manufacturing the polyester spunbonded needle-punched non-woven filter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PET holes are a plurality of circles of PET holes arranged in a circumferential array, the PETG holes are a circle of PETG holes arranged in a circumferential array and positioned at the periphery of the PET holes, and the bi-component spinning box is respectively provided with a PET conveying pipe communicated with the PET holes and a PETG conveying pipe communicated with the PETG holes.
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