CN114189315B - Civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system and method based on point-to-point Ethernet - Google Patents
Civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system and method based on point-to-point Ethernet Download PDFInfo
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- CN114189315B CN114189315B CN202111477779.2A CN202111477779A CN114189315B CN 114189315 B CN114189315 B CN 114189315B CN 202111477779 A CN202111477779 A CN 202111477779A CN 114189315 B CN114189315 B CN 114189315B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 22
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
Abstract
The invention discloses a civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system and method based on a point-to-point Ethernet, comprising an audio management unit and an audio control unit; the audio management unit and the audio control unit are in data communication through a point-to-point Ethernet interface; the audio management unit is in communication connection with a radio communication device or a radio navigation device; the audio control unit is in communication with a pilot earphone or cockpit speaker. The invention adopts Ethernet transmission, the broadband can reach 100Mbps/1000Mbps, even 10Gbps, and compared with the traditional ARINC429 bus (the highest broadband is 100 Kbps), the transmission rate is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of avionics, and particularly relates to a civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system and method based on a point-to-point Ethernet.
Background
The airborne audio system is an important component of the avionic system and provides comprehensive processing and transmission services for a plurality of audio signals such as air-ground voice communication, in-plane voice communication, maintenance voice communication, navigation audio, alarm audio and the like. The method has the advantages of great weight of on-board sound source equipment, complex control logic and large transmission interface difference, and is one of the difficulties in the design of civil aircraft communication navigation systems.
The national aircraft mostly adopts ARINC429 bus or analog audio line based to realize audio transmission, and the on-board audio system has more cables, low audio transmission rate and poor expansion capability. The foreign civil aircraft adopts digital audio transmission based on the AFDX bus, so that the problems of more cables, low audio data transmission efficiency and poor expansion capability of an audio system can be solved, but the digital audio system based on the AFDX bus needs equipment to be provided with a special AFDX end system card, and needs unified planning with the whole AFDX network, so that the equipment cost is higher, and the system network planning is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system based on a point-to-point Ethernet, which aims to solve the technical problems of complex network configuration, narrow transmission broadband, large time delay, low certainty, limited design advancement of a communication navigation monitoring system architecture and the like of the existing airborne audio system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system based on the point-to-point Ethernet comprises an audio management unit and an audio control unit;
the audio management unit and the audio control unit are in data communication through a point-to-point Ethernet interface;
the audio management unit is in communication connection with a radio communication device or a radio navigation device;
the audio control unit is in communication with a pilot earphone or cockpit speaker.
Preferably, the point-to-point ethernet interface of the present invention implements data transmission using a custom ethernet communication protocol that encapsulates audio payload data directly in a media access control layer.
Preferably, in the medium access control layer structure of the present invention:
the "destination MAC" field contains the binary address of the receiving end device;
the "source MAC" field contains the binary address of the sender device;
the "protocol type" field is defined by itself, but must be prevented from being confused with other specific Ethernet protocols;
the field of the frame check sequence adopts CRC16;
the "payload" field includes the protocol type, data length, frame sequence number, timestamp, data item, and CRC checksum.
Preferably, the electrical performance of the point-to-point ethernet interface of the present invention should meet the IEEE802.3 standard and ARINC 664P 2 standard, and the transmission medium employs shielded twisted pair wires.
Preferably, the audio management unit of the present invention is in data communication with the radio communication device or radio navigation device via an analog audio interface, an ARINC429 interface or a discrete interface.
Preferably, the audio control unit of the present invention is in data communication with the pilot earphone microphone or cockpit speaker via an analog audio interface, an ARINC429 interface, or a discrete interface.
On the other hand, the invention adopts the civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system based on the point-to-point Ethernet to realize audio transmission, control and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) When voice is sent through the radio communication equipment, the voice control unit collects voice information of a pilot, performs analog-to-digital conversion, and then sends the voice information to the corresponding audio management unit through the point-to-point Ethernet interface, and the audio management unit performs digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the voice information to the corresponding communication equipment.
(2) When receiving voice through radio communication equipment, the pilot selects a receiving channel through an audio control unit and sets the volume, when the audio management unit receives the voice of the corresponding channel, the pilot firstly performs analog-to-digital conversion, then performs audio processing and then sends the voice to the corresponding audio control unit, and the audio control unit performs digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the voice to the corresponding pilot earphone or loudspeaker.
(3) When receiving the navigation sound through the radio navigation equipment, the pilot selects a receiving channel through the audio control unit, sets the volume, firstly carries out analog-to-digital conversion and then carries out audio processing when receiving the navigation sound of the corresponding channel, and then sends the navigation sound to the corresponding audio control unit, and the audio control unit carries out digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the navigation sound to the corresponding pilot earphone or loudspeaker.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts Ethernet transmission, the broadband can reach 100Mbps/1000Mbps, even 10Gbps, and compared with the traditional ARINC429 bus (the highest broadband is 100 Kbps), the transmission rate is greatly improved.
2. The invention adopts point-to-point Ethernet transmission, the system broadband is large, only Ethernet wires are needed to be deployed between the devices which are communicated with each other, and compared with the traditional ARINC429 bus, the system wiring is simple.
3. The invention adopts Ethernet transmission, is based on MAC layer transmission, has low requirements on the audio control unit and the audio interface unit processor, does not need to be configured with a special AFDX end system card, and greatly reduces the system cost.
4. The invention adopts the point-to-point Ethernet transmission, the transmission channel is equivalent to exclusive relative to the transmitting end, and the transmission reliability is high.
5. The invention has low transmission delay and predictable delay stability, solves the problems of delay and uncertainty of the traditional bus-based Ethernet, and provides high-broadband audio transmission capability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission system architecture according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ethernet frame structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the terms "comprises" or "comprising" as may be used in various embodiments of the present invention indicate the presence of inventive functions, operations or elements, and are not limiting of the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and their cognate terms are intended to refer to a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be interpreted as first excluding the existence of or increasing likelihood of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
In various embodiments of the invention, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B or may include both a and B.
Expressions (such as "first", "second", etc.) used in the various embodiments of the invention may modify various constituent elements in the various embodiments, but the respective constituent elements may not be limited. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements. The above description is only intended to distinguish one element from another element. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that: if it is described to "connect" one component element to another component element, a first component element may be directly connected to a second component element, and a third component element may be "connected" between the first and second component elements. Conversely, when one constituent element is "directly connected" to another constituent element, it is understood that there is no third constituent element between the first constituent element and the second constituent element.
The terminology used in the various embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) will be interpreted as having a meaning that is the same as the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in connection with the various embodiments of the invention.
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment comprehensively considers the problems of transmission broadband, equipment cost, network complexity and the like, and provides a civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system based on a point-to-point Ethernet, the specific architecture of which is shown in fig. 1, and the system mainly comprises an audio control unit, an audio management unit, peripheral radio communication equipment and navigation equipment.
The audio control unit is connected with the earphone microphone of the pilot, mainly provides a man-machine interface for the pilot, realizes audio control of the communication navigation equipment, and mainly comprises audio channel selection, volume adjustment and the like.
The audio management unit is mainly connected with the audio control unit, the radio communication equipment and the radio navigation equipment, and main functions comprise system comprehensive audio processing, audio data routing and the like.
The audio management unit and the audio control unit adopt a point-to-point Ethernet interface for data communication. As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment adopts two audio management units and three audio control units, wherein the two audio management units also use a point-to-point ethernet interface to perform data communication, that is, the audio management unit 1 and the audio management unit 2 shown in fig. 1 are in point-to-point ethernet communication connection; the three audio control units perform data communication by adopting a point-to-point ethernet interface, namely, as shown in fig. 1, the audio control unit 1 and the audio control unit 2 perform point-to-point ethernet communication connection, the audio control unit 2 and the audio control unit 3 perform point-to-point ethernet communication connection, and the audio control unit 1 and the audio control unit 3 perform point-to-point ethernet communication connection.
The audio management unit is in data communication with the radio communication device, the radio navigation device via an analog audio interface, an ARINC429 interface or a discrete interface.
The audio control unit is in data communication with the pilot earphone microphone or cockpit speaker through an analog audio interface, an ARINC429 interface, or a discrete interface.
The point-to-point ethernet interface used in this embodiment should have electrical characteristics that meet the IEEE802.3 standard and ARINC 664P 2 standard, and the transmission medium uses shielded twisted pair wires.
In the implementation of point-to-point ethernet audio transmission adopted in this embodiment, audio payload data is directly encapsulated in an ethernet frame of a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, as shown in fig. 2, the sequence of header and payload data in the transmission frame and the basic frame format are defined, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the point-to-point ethernet frame structure customized in this embodiment includes: a physical layer, a MAC layer, and an application layer.
The "data item" in the frame structure must be composed of enough Bytes to meet the minimum frame length requirement of 64Bytes for ethernet.
The "destination MAC" field in the frame structure contains the binary address of the receiving end device; the "source MAC" field in the frame structure contains the binary address of the sender device.
Because of the specificity of the point-to-point ethernet architecture, in the design process of the present interface protocol, the convenience of device design, manufacturing and software filling is fully considered, the audio control unit and the audio management unit in the system can be defined by themselves, in this embodiment, the MAC address adopts a unified MAC address, and the allocation is shown in table 1:
table 1 system each terminal device MAC address allocation table
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Source MAC address | Destination MAC address | Remarks |
| 1 | Audio control unit 1 | 0x02-00-00-00-00-01 | 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF | |
| 2 | Audio control unit 2 | 0x02-00-00-00-00-02 | 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF | |
| 3 | Audio control unit 3 | 0x02-00-00-00-00-03 | 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF | |
| 4 | Audio management unit 1 | 0x02-00-00-00-00-04 | 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF | |
| 5 | Audio management unit 2 | 0x02-00-00-00-00-05 | 0xFF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF |
Because the point-to-point ethernet protocol defined in this embodiment is a custom frame structure, only the data link layer and the physical layer are applicable to transmitting audio data and control data, and therefore the "protocol type" field in the frame structure can be defined by itself, but confusion with other specific ethernet protocols should be avoided.
In order to reduce the amount of repetitive operations and at the same time to ensure the integrity of the data packet, the frame check uses CRC16.
The parameters in the "payload" field of the MAC are explained as follows:
a) Protocol type: 0x01 represents audio data, and 0x02 represents a control command;
b) Data length: representing the length of the data packet;
c) Frame sequence number: the initial value is randomly generated, and then each data packet is gradually increased;
d) Timestamp: representing the relative time between packets, the resolution is X (ms)/29 μs, where X is the transmission period;
e) Data item: audio data or control data;
f) CRC checksum: and (3) CRC checksum.
The embodiment realizes the transmission, the reception and the like of the audio data based on the airborne digital audio transmission system architecture, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when voice is sent through the radio communication equipment, the voice control unit collects voice information of a pilot, performs analog-to-digital conversion, and then sends the voice information to the corresponding audio management unit through the point-to-point Ethernet cable, and the audio management unit performs digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the voice information to the corresponding communication equipment.
When receiving voice through radio communication equipment, the pilot selects a receiving channel through an audio control unit and sets the volume, when the audio management unit receives the voice of the corresponding channel, the audio management unit firstly carries out analog-to-digital conversion, then carries out processing such as volume adjustment and mixing, and then sends the processed voice to the corresponding audio control unit, and the audio control unit carries out digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the processed voice to the corresponding pilot earphone or cockpit loudspeaker.
When receiving the navigation sound through the radio navigation equipment, the pilot selects a receiving channel through the audio control unit, sets the volume, firstly carries out analog-to-digital conversion, carries out volume adjustment, mixing and other treatments when receiving the navigation sound of the corresponding channel, and then sends the navigation sound to the corresponding audio control unit, and the audio control unit carries out digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the navigation sound to the corresponding pilot earphone or loudspeaker.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The civil aircraft-mounted digital audio transmission system based on the point-to-point Ethernet is characterized by comprising an audio management unit and an audio control unit;
the audio management unit and the audio control unit are in data communication through a point-to-point Ethernet interface;
the audio management unit is in communication connection with a radio communication device or a radio navigation device;
the audio control unit is in communication connection with a pilot earphone or a cockpit loudspeaker; the point-to-point Ethernet interface adopts a custom Ethernet communication protocol to realize data transmission, and the custom Ethernet communication protocol directly packages audio load data in a medium access control layer; the medium access control layer structure comprises:
the "destination MAC" field contains the binary address of the receiving end device;
the "source MAC" field contains the binary address of the sender device;
the "protocol type" field is defined by itself, but must be prevented from being confused with other specific Ethernet protocols;
the field of the frame check sequence adopts CRC16;
the "payload" field includes the protocol type, data length, frame sequence number, timestamp, data item, and CRC checksum.
2. The point-to-point ethernet based digital audio transmission system of claim 1, wherein the electrical performance of the point-to-point ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE802.3 standard and ARINC 664P 2 standard, and the transmission medium is a shielded twisted pair.
3. The point-to-point ethernet based civil aircraft digital audio transmission system according to claim 1, wherein said audio management unit is in data communication with said radio communication device or radio navigation device via an analog audio interface, ARINC429 interface or a discrete interface.
4. The point-to-point ethernet based digital audio transmission system of claim 1, wherein said audio control unit is in data communication with a pilot earphone microphone or cockpit speaker via an analog audio interface, an ARINC429 interface, or a discrete interface.
5. A method for a point-to-point ethernet based civil aircraft digital audio transmission system according to any of claims 1-4, comprising:
when voice is sent through the radio communication equipment, the voice control unit collects voice information of a pilot, performs analog-to-digital conversion, and then sends the voice information to the corresponding audio management unit through the point-to-point Ethernet interface, and the audio management unit performs digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the voice information to the corresponding communication equipment.
6. A method for a point-to-point ethernet based civil aircraft digital audio transmission system according to any of claims 1-4, comprising:
when receiving voice through radio communication equipment, the pilot selects a receiving channel through an audio control unit and sets the volume, when the audio management unit receives the voice of the corresponding channel, the pilot firstly performs analog-to-digital conversion, then performs audio processing and then sends the voice to the corresponding audio control unit, and the audio control unit performs digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the voice to the corresponding pilot earphone or loudspeaker.
7. A method for a point-to-point ethernet based civil aircraft digital audio transmission system according to any of claims 1-4, comprising:
when receiving the navigation sound through the radio navigation equipment, the pilot selects a receiving channel through the audio control unit, sets the volume, firstly carries out analog-to-digital conversion and then carries out audio processing when receiving the navigation sound of the corresponding channel, and then sends the navigation sound to the corresponding audio control unit, and the audio control unit carries out digital-to-analog conversion and then sends the navigation sound to the corresponding pilot earphone or loudspeaker.
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