CN114170013B - Block chain-based point-to-point energy system transaction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based point-to-point energy system transaction method, which belongs to the field of electric power transaction and comprises the following steps: a power trading system and blockchain; the electric power transaction system collects state information of each node through the intelligent ammeter and uploads the state information to the transaction platform, and processes a transaction request and a real-time transaction request in a user period; the block chain comprises an electricity purchasing node and a competing accounting right node; competing for the accounting right node to solve the optimization problem, and packaging the agreed transaction; the solution result is issued and broadcast in the whole network, and consensus is achieved according to an optimal solution proving mechanism; writing the solution result of consensus into a new block; wherein, the block structure meeting the physical characteristics is designed, and the connection thereof is integrated into the physical state transition constraint. The invention utilizes the blockchain technology to propose a consensus algorithm and design a transaction storage mode, thereby ensuring the safety, the high efficiency, the transparency and the information symmetry of the power transaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy transaction, and particularly relates to a block chain-based point-to-point energy system transaction method.
Background
With the deepening of the reform of the electric power market in China, the market at the electricity selling side is released, and a large number of emerging market main bodies participate in market trading to become the trend of the development of the electric power market in China. Under the new environment, the optimal configuration of distributed energy sources in the distribution network and the optimal trading scheme of each trading subject necessarily need a more practical and effective trading mechanism, and the distribution system is imperative to be turned to a comprehensive energy system. The blockchain is used as a decentralization information technology, and has the characteristics of safety, high efficiency, transparency and information symmetry, so that a brand new solution is provided for energy transaction.
At present, students try to apply blockchains to the energy field at home and abroad, and various transaction mechanisms based on blockchains are proposed, but the exploration is still in a starting stage, or the implementation effect of the blockchains in an actual system is not deeply tested, or adaptive modification is not proposed to a middle part of the blockchains based on the physical characteristics of the energy system in application, or more actual energy transaction scenes are not considered. Therefore, there is a need to improve the blockchain underlying technology in consideration of its physical characteristics at the energy level, in consideration of various scenarios of energy transactions, thereby improving the compatibility of blockchains and energy transactions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a point-to-point energy system trading method based on a blockchain so as to realize the decentralized management operation of energy trading, thereby realizing efficient and safe energy trading.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a point-to-point energy system transaction method based on block chain comprises the following steps:
1) The transaction period starts, and the energy purchasing node issues transaction information to the transaction pool and pays the guarantee money;
2) After the transaction information is released, closing the transaction pool, solving an optimization problem that the benefits of the energy system operation and the energy purchasing node reach the optimal benefits by the node competing for the accounting rights, packaging and releasing a plurality of achieved transactions, and broadcasting the transactions in a whole network;
3) The node which contends for the accounting rights packages the transaction to achieve consensus according to the optimal solution proof mechanism, and writes in a new block, and the energy system receives the transaction result;
4) After the transaction period is finished, energy is transmitted according to the transaction result, and the energy purchasing and selling nodes for achieving the transaction adjust the energy production plan, increase the energy yield or reduce the load to complete the transaction;
5) The intelligent energy detection instrument feeds back the actual energy consumption condition, and the settlement of the energy purchasing node is completed, and the respective deposit is returned.
The invention is further improved in that the transaction information issued by the energy purchasing node in the step 1) specifically comprises: transaction type, number of purchases/sales, expected transaction price, and acceptable percentage of price fluctuation, transaction type includes general purchases, real-time purchases, and sales.
The invention is further improved in that after the transaction information in the step 1) is released to the transaction pool, the transaction type is required to be judged for the purchase energy information, if the transaction information is of a common purchase energy type, the step 2) is entered, and if the transaction information is of a real-time purchase energy type, the intelligent contract is started.
The invention is further improved in that the smart contract content includes:
101 Acquiring all energy selling transaction information in a current transaction pool;
102 Determining a clear energy selling node queue and a price for the transaction;
103 According to the energy transmission sensitivity parameters, calculating various physical parameters under the clear result;
104 Judging whether various physical parameters are out of limit, if so, writing the achieved transaction into a new block, receiving the transaction result by the energy system, and entering into the step 4), otherwise, entering into the step 102).
The invention is further improved in that the optimization problem in step 2) specifically comprises: the objective function is to maximize the benefits of the energy system operation and the energy purchasing node; the problem constraint comprises physical constraint of the energy system, constraint of both shopping and selling energy on transaction price and balance constraint of the shopping and selling energy.
The invention is further improved in that the content which contends for the accounting right node to package and issue in the step 2) comprises the following steps: the objective function value of the optimization problem is calculated and the Hash value of all the transaction information is calculated.
The invention further improves that the optimal solution proving mechanism in the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps:
301 After the release of the packed transaction information is finished, the node corresponding to the optimal solution is obtained to obtain the accounting right of the transaction period;
302 The node obtaining the accounting right writes the objective function value, all the achieved transaction information and the Hash value into a new block;
303 Most nodes in the blockchain network confirm the block information of the new uplink, namely the solving result meets all constraints of the optimization problem, and the packager obtains the corresponding block rewards.
The invention further improves that the settlement of the purchased energy nodes in the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps:
501 Returning the deposit of all nodes that did not reach the transaction;
502 According to the actual energy conditions fed back by the intelligent energy detection instrument, judging the transaction completion conditions, including three conditions: if the energy production and use plans of the purchased and sold energy nodes which reach the trade are adjusted according to the trade result and reach balance, the price written in the current block is settled; if the actual consumption/supply electric quantity of a certain node for achieving the transaction is lower than/higher than the appointed energy quantity written in the block, the node settles according to the written price in the block, and meanwhile, corresponding compensation is obtained; if the actual consumption/supply amount of a certain node for achieving the transaction is higher/lower than the appointed energy amount written in the block, the node settles according to the written price in the block, and the cost of the spare function equipment capacity of the system is compensated.
The invention is further improved in that the blockchain based method specifically comprises the following steps: creating a block in a block chain, writing the block into the network topology information of the energy system, and then connecting the blocks in sequence of transaction periods, generating one or more blocks in each transaction period, wherein each block consists of a block head and a block body; the block header comprises a block index, a time stamp, a Hash value of a previous block and an optimal solution, and the block body comprises all energy transaction information achieved in the transaction period and node state information of an energy system at the end time of the transaction period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the block chain-based point-to-point energy system transaction method provided by the invention, the block chain technology is considered to participate in the actual application of marketization transaction in each distributed body in the comprehensive energy system network, the decentralization idea is introduced, and the point-to-point transaction method is provided, so that the transaction does not depend on a trusted third party, the real-time transaction mode based on intelligent contract is uniquely designed according to the real-time transaction requirement of a user in the energy transaction, the requirement of the user is met, and the safe and efficient transaction among each body in the energy system is ensured; the optimal solution proving mechanism combined with the optimal operation of the physical system is provided, the traditional consensus mechanism is replaced by the calculated amount of the optimization problem, such as the calculated amount of the workload proving mechanism, the waste of calculation force is avoided, and the concept of low carbon and environmental protection is met; in the design of the block chain structure, node state information of an energy system is written into blocks, so that links among the blocks are fused into physical state transfer constraint except a Hash value, and guarantee is added for preventing tampering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block chain based peer-to-peer energy system transaction method.
FIG. 2 is a block chain structure diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment is described by taking an application of the present invention in a transaction scenario of a power system as an example. The electric power transaction is unfolded by taking a transaction period as a unit, each transaction period is divided into three stages, a transaction pool is opened in the first stage, transaction subjects issue transaction information to the transaction pool, accounting right nodes are contended for packaging the transaction in the second stage, after the transaction pool is closed, consensus is achieved according to a consensus mechanism, the accounting right nodes are written into a block, a power distribution network in the third stage receives a transaction result, and each transaction subject accounts.
The specific transaction flow for each transaction cycle is as follows:
1) The electricity purchasing and selling user node issues transaction information to a transaction pool, wherein the transaction information comprises transaction types (electricity purchasing or electricity selling, electricity purchasing is divided into common electricity purchasing and real-time electricity purchasing), the number of electricity purchasing/selling, expected transaction price and acceptable price fluctuation percentage, and pays a guarantee to prevent false transaction information from being issued.
2) After the transaction information is released, closing the transaction pool, solving the optimization problem that the benefits of the power system operation and electricity purchasing and selling nodes reach the optimal level by the node competing for the accounting rights, wherein the constraint of the optimization problem comprises the physical constraint of the power system, the constraint of both electricity purchasing and selling parties on the transaction price (within the expected price and acceptable price fluctuation percentage) and the balance constraint of electricity purchasing and selling quantity. And obtaining an optimal clearing result through solving the problem, and packaging and issuing the objective function value of the solved optimization problem and the Hash value of all the achieved transaction information together. The Hash value of the transaction information is packed and achieved, so that other nodes are prevented from acquiring the solving result of the node, and malicious competition is prevented.
3) And after the release of the packaging result is finished, consensus is achieved on the transaction result according to an optimal solution proving mechanism. The optimal solution proving mechanism selects the solution with the smallest objective function value in all the solution results, namely the optimal solution is used as the clearing result of the transaction period, and the corresponding node obtains the accounting right of the new block. Thereafter, the node writes the optimal solution, all transactions achieved, and the node state of the power system network at the current time into a new block. The other nodes confirm the validity of the block, including confirming the validity of the Hash value and whether the solving result meets the constraint of the optimization problem. After the confirmation of a plurality of nodes, the block is legal, and the nodes packaging the block obtain the corresponding block-out rewards.
4) And the electric power system receives the transaction result, and the transaction period is ended. And in a certain electric energy transmission time, the electricity purchasing and selling node for achieving the transaction adjusts the power generation and utilization plan, and increases power generation or reduces load so as to complete the transaction.
5) Finishing settlement of all nodes for issuing electricity purchase and selling information, and returning all the guarantees of nodes which do not reach transaction; for the node for achieving the transaction, the transaction completion condition is judged according to the actual power generation condition fed back by the intelligent ammeter, and the transaction completion condition comprises three conditions: and if the electricity purchasing and selling nodes achieving the transaction are all used for adjusting the electricity generating plan according to the transaction result and reach balance, the price written in the current block is settled. If the actual consumed (provided) electric quantity of a certain node for achieving the transaction is lower than (higher than) the appointed electric quantity written in the block, the node settles according to the written price in the block, and meanwhile corresponding compensation is obtained. If the actual consumed (provided) electric quantity of a certain node for achieving the transaction is higher (lower) than the appointed electric quantity written in the block, the node settles according to the written price in the block, and the cost of the spare power generation equipment of the system is required to be compensated.
In the transaction method, only the electricity purchasing and selling which meets the interests of each transaction main body while the power system is optimally operated can be achieved, and the related content of the transaction information can be changed for the main body achieving the transaction in a certain period, and the next period is reserved for release.
Aiming at the real-time electricity purchasing requirement of small and medium users in actual application, the invention also designs a corresponding method. For the electricity purchasing node with the demand, the transaction type of the electricity purchasing node issues transaction information of real-time electricity purchasing, and once the transaction information of the type is issued, the intelligent contract is started, and then the real-time transaction mode is entered. The specific content of the intelligent contract is as follows:
1) And acquiring all electricity selling transaction information in the current transaction pool.
2) And selecting the electricity selling node with the lowest electricity price to clear.
3) Based on a Power Transfer Distribution Factor (PTDF), the power flow of the distribution network is calculated at the clearing result.
4) Judging whether the tide is out of limit, if so, writing the achieved transaction into a new block, receiving a transaction result by the power distribution network, and carrying out subsequent settlement and common electricity purchasing and selling transaction; otherwise, repeating the step 2).
If all the electricity selling transaction information in the current transaction pool cannot be cleared, the adjustment system is reserved to meet the electricity consumption requirement of the real-time transaction node. The electricity selling information of the achieved transaction is moved out of the transaction pool, and the transaction release in the transaction period is continued. That is, the real-time transaction mode does not affect the foregoing easy-to-cycle performance. In addition, considering the actual physical system, a block chain structure suitable for the energy transaction scene is designed, the generation block writes the network topology information of the energy system, and then each linked block is in sequence of transaction periods, and one or more blocks are generated in each transaction period (the generation of the blocks is the result of a real-time transaction request). Each block consists of a block head and a block body. The block header comprises a block index, a time stamp, a Hash value of the previous block and an optimal solution, and the block body comprises all energy transaction information achieved in the transaction period and node state information of an energy system at the end time of the transaction period. The energy transaction information and the node state contained in the block body enable all blocks to be linked except for a Hash value, and physical state transfer is also included.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (1)
1. A block chain-based point-to-point energy system transaction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) The transaction period starts, and the energy purchasing node issues transaction information to the transaction pool and pays the guarantee money; after the transaction information is released to the transaction pool, judging the transaction type of the purchase energy information, if the transaction type is the common purchase energy type, entering a step 2), and if the transaction type is the real-time purchase energy type, starting an intelligent contract; the transaction information issued by the purchase and sale energy source node specifically comprises the following steps: transaction type, number of purchases/sales, expected transaction price, and acceptable percentage of price fluctuation, transaction type including general purchases, real-time purchases, and sales; the smart contract content includes:
101 Acquiring all energy selling transaction information in a current transaction pool;
102 Determining a clear energy selling node queue and a price for the transaction to obtain a clear result;
103 According to the energy transmission sensitivity parameters, calculating various physical parameters under the clear result;
104 Judging whether various physical parameters are out of limit, if so, writing the achieved transaction into a new block, receiving a transaction result by an energy system, and entering into the step 4), otherwise, entering into the step 102);
2) After the transaction information is released, closing the transaction pool, solving an optimization problem that the benefits of the energy system operation and the energy purchasing node reach the optimal benefits by the node competing for the accounting rights, packaging and releasing a plurality of achieved transactions, and broadcasting the transactions in a whole network; the content packaged and released by the competing accounting right node comprises the following components: the objective function value of the optimized problem and the Hash value of all the achieved transaction information;
3) The node which contends for the accounting rights packages the transaction to achieve consensus according to the optimal solution proof mechanism, and writes in a new block, and the energy system receives the transaction result; the optimal solution proving mechanism specifically comprises the following steps:
301 After the release of the packed transaction information is finished, the node corresponding to the optimal solution is obtained to obtain the accounting right of the transaction period;
302 The node obtaining the accounting right writes the objective function value, all the achieved transaction information and the Hash value into a new block;
303 Most nodes in the blockchain network confirm the block information of the new uplink, namely the solving result meets all constraints of the optimization problem, and the packager obtains corresponding block rewards;
the optimization problem specifically includes: the objective function is to maximize the benefits of the energy system operation and the energy purchasing node; the problem constraint comprises physical constraint of the energy system, constraint of both shopping and selling energy on transaction price and balance constraint of the shopping and selling energy;
4) After the transaction period is finished, energy is transmitted according to the transaction result, and the energy purchasing and selling nodes for achieving the transaction adjust the energy production plan, increase the energy yield or reduce the load to complete the transaction;
5) The intelligent energy detection instrument feeds back the actual energy consumption condition, and the settlement of the energy purchasing node is completed, and the respective deposit is returned;
the block chain based on the method specifically comprises the following steps: creating a block in a block chain, writing the block into the network topology information of the energy system, and then connecting the blocks in sequence of transaction periods, generating one or more blocks in each transaction period, wherein each block consists of a block head and a block body; the block head comprises a block index, a time stamp, a Hash value of a previous block and an optimal solution, and the block body comprises all energy transaction information achieved in the transaction period and node state information of an energy system at the end time of the transaction period;
settlement for the purchase and sale energy source node specifically comprises the following steps:
501 Returning the deposit of all nodes that did not reach the transaction;
502 According to the actual energy conditions fed back by the intelligent energy detection instrument, judging the transaction completion conditions, including three conditions: if the energy production and use plans of the purchased and sold energy nodes which reach the trade are adjusted according to the trade result and reach balance, the price written in the current block is settled; if the actual consumption/supply electric quantity of a certain node for achieving the transaction is lower than/higher than the appointed energy quantity written in the block, the node settles according to the written price in the block, and meanwhile, corresponding compensation is obtained; if the actual consumption/supply amount of a certain node for achieving the transaction is higher/lower than the appointed energy amount written in the block, the node settles according to the written price in the block, and the cost of the spare function equipment capacity of the system is compensated.
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