CN114168886B - Method for estimating capacity of gully type ice lake based on measured water depth - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating the volume of a gully type ice lake based on measured water depth, which solves the problem of low evaluation precision of ice lake burst geological disasters in the prior art. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) Interpreting the ice lake area by using the multi-time sequence remote sensing data; (2) Firstly estimating the water depth of the ice lake according to the estimated water depth of the ice lake and an empirical formula, secondly obtaining the estimation of the average depth of the ice lake according to the relation between the average water depth and the area, and carrying out estimation according to the longitudinal section map of the main ditch of the mud-rock flow ditch of the ice lake; (3) The sonar detection method of the unmanned ship is used for comprehensively measuring the water depth and the elevation of the lake bottom of the ice lake; (4) Completing lake bottom elevation data, completing cross section measurement, completing water depth measurement of ice lake sections at different positions, and estimating according to historical ice lake areas to obtain the maximum reservoir capacity in the flood season; (5) And (3) comparing and analyzing related results, and providing a channel type ice lake reservoir capacity estimation method: and (6) correcting the empirical formula.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of ice lake burst geological disaster evaluation, and relates to a method for estimating the reservoir volume of a gully type ice lake based on measured water depth, which is used for improving the evaluation precision of ice lake burst geological disasters.
The background technology is as follows:
The ice lake burst is a special high-level remote geological disaster in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, because the burst mainly occurs in the range of 4400-5500m elevation and mainly concentrates in the area with rare human smoke at high altitude, most manpower is difficult to reach, so that 2 difficulties are often involved in the evaluation of the ice lake burst, firstly, the calculation of the ice lake reservoir capacity determines the burst flood water volume, secondly, the ice lake dam body determines whether the ice lake is burst, and thirdly, the reason for the ice lake burst is what. The calculation of the ice lake reservoir volume generally has two ideas, namely, the calculation according to an empirical formula between reservoir volume and area experience, and the estimation of the water depth according to the characteristics of the ice lake.
In general, the reservoir capacity of the ice lake can be obtained through a plurality of remote sensing images according to the area, so that one area in the flood season and the non-flood season can be obtained, and the overall accuracy is higher.
The reservoir volume of the ice lake is calculated according to the area multiplied by the water depth, 2 methods exist for the water depth of the ice lake, the estimation is carried out through the height determination of a dam body and the section characteristics of a channel, and the calculation is carried out on the average water depth estimated by the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, namely 50 m. The reservoir volume of a iced lake may also be determined according to an empirical formula v=0.104×a 1.42, where a is the area of the iced lake. Because the dam body cannot fully represent the water depth of the ice lake, particularly the water depth of the ice lake is often deposited in a channel, the water depths of different positions of the ice lake are also different, the water depth of the ice lake is often calculated to be too large, the estimated average water depth 50m of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is also insufficient, and the calculation of an empirical formula is also error. In addition, because of different forms of the ice lakes, dam characteristics are different, the water depth difference is large, and huge errors are caused in estimating the ice lake reservoir capacity by an empirical formula.
Because the water depth of the ice lake is difficult to determine, the calculation error of the ice lake reservoir volume is also large, so that the calculation error of the maximum burst flood flow in the burst disaster burst dam burst evaluation of the ice lake is large, and the risk evaluation difference is large. The defect causes the risk assessment of the burst disasters of the ice lakes to become a difficult problem.
The invention comprises the following steps:
The invention aims to provide a method for estimating the capacity of a gully type ice lake based on measured water depth, which solves the problem of low evaluation precision of the geological disaster of the ice lake burst in the prior art, thereby improving the calculation precision of the capacity of the ice lake burst and providing a basis for the evaluation of the geological disaster of the ice lake burst.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for estimating the volume of a valley type ice lake based on actual measured water depth is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Interpreting the ice lake area by using the multi-time sequence remote sensing data;
(2) Firstly estimating the water depth of the ice lake according to the estimated water depth of the ice lake and an empirical formula, secondly obtaining the estimation of the average depth of the ice lake according to the relation between the average water depth and the area, and carrying out estimation according to the longitudinal section map of the main ditch of the mud-rock flow ditch of the ice lake;
(3) Reasonably estimating the volume of the ice lake, and comprehensively measuring the water depth and the elevation of the lake bottom by using an unmanned ship sonar detection method;
(4) Completing elevation data of the lake bottom, penetrating through the whole ice lake, completing cross section measurement, completing water depth measurement of the ice lake cross section at different positions, estimating according to the historical ice lake area, and obtaining the maximum reservoir capacity in the flood season;
(5) Drawing a water depth profile of the ice lake according to the measured data, further estimating the ice lake volume according to the profile area and the representative length, comparing and analyzing related achievements, and providing a channel type ice lake volume estimation method:
Ice lake volume v=h a/L/2=45×2049000/7049/2=0.459×10 8m3;
Wherein H is the dam height (m), A is the ice lake area (m 2), and L is the ice lake length (m).
(6) Comparing and analyzing the ice lake volume calculated according to the actually measured water depth with the ice lake volume calculated according to an empirical formula, correcting the empirical formula, and providing correction formulas in different periods: applying a flood period correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.404); the non-flood period correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.40).
In the step (3), the step of (c),
1) Accurately measuring the water depth and the elevation in the whole ice lake range, and accurately measuring the topography in the dam range;
2) The mapping scale is 1:500, the positioning center is consistent with the sounding center as much as possible, and the upper limit difference of the error map in positioning of the positioning point is 2mm;
3) The depth measurement precision requires + -0.3 m;
4) The depth ratio difference of the coincident depth points on the main line and the check line point positions within the distance of 1.0mm is smaller than 0.4m, and when the number of the out-of-limit points exceeds 25% of the total number of the participating comparison points, or the point position water depth comparison of the image splicing is out-of-limit, the re-measurement is needed;
5) The direction of the depth section line is perpendicular to the main stream or the shoreline of the river, and the depth section line is arranged into a fan shape at the turning position of the river; the depth measurement section lines are defined to be distributed on the graph at intervals of 1-2 cm, and the distance between the depth measurement points is 0.6-0.8 cm on the graph;
6) Submitting the result, drawing an underwater topography, and drawing a sounding longitudinal section and a sounding cross section of the ice lake.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) Aiming at the difficult problem of geological disaster assessment caused by the collapse of the ice lake in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the invention firstly applies multi-time sequence remote sensing data to calculate the ice lake areas in the ice lake flood period and the non-flood period, applies unmanned ship sonar detection water depth technology to measure the water depth of the ice lake in the typical ice lake of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau; and secondly, estimating the ice lake reservoir capacity by adopting a plurality of methods according to the acquired large water depth data, wherein the ice lake reservoir capacity and the non-flood period reservoir capacity are calculated through the area and the water depth, and the ice lake reservoir capacity is estimated according to the actually measured water depth cross-sectional area and the represented length. And (3) correcting the ice lake reservoir capacity empirical formula through multiple result comparison, so that the ice lake reservoir capacity calculation accuracy is improved, and a basis is provided for ice lake reservoir capacity geological disaster evaluation.
(2) The invention determines the area of the ice lake by applying the multi-time sequence remote sensing influence, and can delineate the areas of the ice lake in the flood season and the non-flood season, thereby laying a foundation for calculating the reservoir capacity of the ice lake.
(3) According to the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle sonar detection technology is utilized to actually measure the water depth in a typical ice lake of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the water depth determined by section estimation and the water depth calculated by an empirical formula are up to 20-55% of the error of the actually measured water depth, and the water depth deviation calculated by the empirical formula is relatively large.
(4) According to the actual measurement result, the ice lake reservoir capacity is calculated by applying three methods of area and water depth product, empirical formula and section estimation, so that the ice lake reservoir capacity is calculated more scientifically and reasonably.
(5) According to the water depth distribution characteristics of the gully type ice lake, the invention provides an ice lake volume estimation method based on the area, the length and the dam height of the ice lake, wherein V=H is equal to A/L/2.
(6) The invention corrects the empirical formula for calculating the water depth of the ice lake according to the area of the ice lake. The ice lake area is easy to obtain, the water depth is difficult to obtain, but the ice lake water depth error calculated by the existing ice lake water depth empirical calculation formula is larger, the empirical formula for calculating the water depth according to the area is revised according to the actual measurement result, and the specific flood season correction result is h=0.104 x a 0.40; the correction result in the flood season is h=0.104×a 0.38.
(7) According to the invention, an ice lake reservoir capacity empirical formula is corrected according to the latest achievements and the ice lake area, wherein the flood season reservoir capacity calculation formula is corrected to be V=0.104A 1.404, and the non-flood season reservoir capacity calculation formula is corrected to be V=0.104A 1.388, so that the accuracy of ice lake breaking disaster risk assessment is improved, and the assessment result is ensured to be scientific and reasonable.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a remote sensing interpretation of the frozen false yeast ice lake of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the areas of frozen false barrier lakes (ice lakes) in the flood period and the non-flood period;
FIG. 3 is a section line of the frozen false ice lake water depth measured;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the depth of an AA' section ice lake;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the depth of water in a BB' section ice lake;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the depth of ice lake in section CC';
FIG. 7 is a DD' section ice lake depth cross-sectional view;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the depth of an EE' section of an ice lake;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the depth of the ice lake on section FF';
FIG. 10 is a GG' cross-sectional view of ice lake depth.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-10, the invention provides a method for estimating the water depth of a gully type ice lake based on measured water depth, and provides a novel method for measuring the water depth of the ice lake in a high-altitude unmanned area of a Qinghai-Tibet plateau according to an unmanned ship sonar detection technology. According to a large number of actual measurement results, an empirical formula for calculating the ice lake reservoir volume according to the ice lake area is corrected, the correction formula is divided into a flood period and a non-flood period, and the accuracy of ice lake burst disaster risk assessment is improved.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
(1) Interpreting the ice lake area by using the multi-time sequence remote sensing data;
(2) Firstly estimating the water depth of the ice lake according to the estimated water depth of the ice lake and an empirical formula, secondly obtaining the estimation of the average depth of the ice lake according to the relation between the average water depth and the area, and carrying out estimation according to the longitudinal section map of the main ditch of the mud-rock flow ditch of the ice lake;
(3) Reasonably estimating the volume of the ice lake, and comprehensively measuring the water depth and the elevation of the lake bottom by using an unmanned ship sonar detection method, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
1) Accurately measuring the water depth and the elevation in the whole ice lake range, and accurately measuring the topography in the dam range;
2) The mapping scale is 1:500, the positioning center is consistent with the sounding center as much as possible, and the upper limit difference of the error map in positioning of the positioning point is 2mm;
3) The depth measurement precision requires + -0.3 m;
4) The depth ratio difference of the coincident depth points on the main line and the check line point positions within the distance of 1.0mm is smaller than 0.4m, and when the number of the out-of-limit points exceeds 25% of the total number of the participating comparison points, or the point position water depth comparison of the image splicing is out-of-limit, the re-measurement is needed;
5) The direction of the depth section line is perpendicular to the main stream or the shoreline of the river, and the depth section line is arranged into a fan shape at the turning position of the river; the depth measurement section lines are defined to be distributed on the graph at intervals of 1-2 cm, and the distance between the depth measurement points is 0.6-0.8 cm on the graph;
6) Submitting the result, drawing an underwater topography, and drawing a sounding longitudinal section and a sounding cross section of the ice lake.
(4) The lake bottom elevation data is completed, the whole ice lake is basically penetrated, the cross section measurement is completed, the water depth measurement of the ice lake cross section at different positions is completed, the estimation is carried out according to the historical ice lake area, and the maximum reservoir capacity in the flood season is obtained;
(5) Drawing a water depth profile of the ice lake according to the measured data, further estimating the ice lake volume according to the profile area and the representative length, comparing and analyzing related achievements, and providing a channel type ice lake volume estimation method:
Ice lake volume v=h a/L/2=45×2049000/7049/2=0.459×10 8m3;
Wherein H is the dam height (m), A is the ice lake area (m 2), and L is the ice lake length (m).
(6) Comparing and analyzing the ice lake volume calculated according to the actually measured water depth with the ice lake volume calculated according to an empirical formula, correcting the empirical formula, and providing correction formulas in different periods: applying a flood period correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.404); the non-flood period correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.40).
Examples:
The invention relates to remote sensing interpretation, surveying, unmanned ship detection technology, geological disaster assessment and the like, and the experiment is applied to the calculation of the depth of frozen false yeast ice lake and the calculation of the burst of the ice lake, and the main steps comprise the following steps:
1. And interpreting the frozen false yeast ice lake area by using the multi-time sequence remote sensing data. The method comprises the steps of analyzing and interpreting images of freeze-staggered barrier lakes (ice lakes) in the United states from 1973 to 2018, obtaining the changes of the areas of the freeze-staggered barrier lakes (ice lakes) in the past year and the non-flood period, screening out 10 groups of flood period images and 6 groups of non-flood period images according to the annual sequence due to the influence of cloud cover, calculating the areas of the freeze-staggered barrier lakes, and displaying statistical results from 1973 to 2018, wherein the changes of the areas of the freeze-staggered barrier lakes (ice lakes) in the flood period and the non-flood period are larger, the areas of the lake waters in the flood period are 1.51-2.04 km 2 and the areas of the lake waters in the non-flood period are 1.47-1.72 km 2.
TABLE 1 statistics of the area of frozen false barrier lake (iced lake)
2. Firstly estimating the water depth of the ice lake according to a water depth estimated by the ice lake and an empirical formula, secondly obtaining the estimation of the average depth of the barrier lake (ice lake) according to the relationship between the average water depth and the area, estimating the average water depth according to the longitudinal section diagram of the main ditch of the mud-rock flow ditch of the frozen staggered barrier lake (ice lake), and calculating the flood season reservoir capacity of 0.604-0.820 hundred million m 3 and the non-flood season reservoir capacity of 0.522-0.601 hundred million m 3 according to the uniform water depth. According to an empirical formula of h=0.104×a 0.42, calculating the water depths in the flood season and the non-flood season, wherein the water depth in the non-flood season is 40.5-43.20 m, the water depth in the flood season is 40.9-46.5 m, and according to v=0.104×a 1.42, the reservoir capacity in the flood season is calculated to be 0.618-0.954 hundred million m 3, and the reservoir capacity in the non-flood season is calculated to be 0.598-0.741 hundred million m 3.
TABLE 2 estimated water depth based on section calculated ice lake reservoir volume (10 8m3)
TABLE 3 statistical table of the reservoir capacities of frozen false-curved barrier lakes (iced lakes) calculated according to empirical formulas
3. Because the water depth of the ice lake has great influence on the estimation of the ice lake reservoir volume, in order to reasonably estimate the ice lake reservoir volume, the water depth of the ice lake is comprehensively measured by applying the unmanned ship sonar detection technology,
(1) Power and electric parameters, endurance and time of 3 hours, maximum navigational speed of 4.5m/s, power device: the detachable modularized ducted propeller supports steering engine-free special functions and a reversing navigation technology.
(2) The shore base station supports Windows operation system, implements radio frequency point-to-point communication mode, transmits 2km from the radio station, and the navigation mode is switched manually or automatically.
(3) The intelligent remote controller is used for implementing the functions of radio frequency point-to-point, acting distance of 2km, waterproof grade IP65, navigation mode switching of the working mode, ship speed control, steering and the like, and displaying the basic information of the unmanned ship in real time.
(4) The depth measurement range is 0.15-300 m, the depth measurement precision is 1cm (+/-) h (h is water depth), and 1cm is water depth resolution.
(5) RTK positioning accuracy, level: + -8mm+1ppm RMS, vertical: 15mm+1ppmRMS. SBAS:1cmCEP.
(6) Hull control software, autonomous navigation, hull parameter control, coordinate conversion and other functions. HiMAX sounding software has sounding parameter setting, coordinate conversion, water depth acquisition, navigation, post-treatment and other functions.
4. The measurement date is between 10 months in 2019, the ice lake is in a small amount of overflow state and in a non-flood period, and the depth of water and the elevation of the lake bottom of the whole ice lake are measured by using the unmanned ship sonar sounding technology, and the main requirements are as follows:
(1) Accurately measuring the water depth and the elevation in the whole ice lake range and accurately measuring the topography in the dam range.
(2) The mapping scale is 1:500, the positioning center is as consistent as possible with the sounding center, and the upper limit difference of the error map in positioning of the positioning point is 2mm.
(3) The depth measurement precision requires + -0.3 m;
(4) The depth ratio difference of the coincident depth points on the main line and the check line point positions within the distance of 1.0mm is smaller than 0.4m, and when the number of the out-of-limit points exceeds 25% of the total number of the participating comparison points, or the point position water depth comparison of the image splicing is out-of-limit, the re-measurement is needed.
(5) The direction of the sounding section line is generally perpendicular to the main stream or the shoreline of the river, and the sounding section line can be arranged into a fan shape at the turning part of the river channel. The section lines of depth measurement are generally set to be distributed every 1-2 cm on the graph, and the distance between the depth measurement points is generally 0.6-0.8 cm on the graph.
(6) Submitting the result, drawing an underwater topography, and drawing a sounding longitudinal section and a sounding cross section of the ice lake.
5. According to the actual measurement result, the highest point of the dam is 4049.5m, the water surface elevation is 4045.9m, 1427 groups of lake bottom elevation data are completed in total, the whole ice lake is basically penetrated, 7 groups of cross section measurement are completed (figures 4-10), and the water depth measurement of the ice lake cross section at different positions is completed. According to the highest point of the dam crest, the maximum water depth of the ice lake is 31m (non-flood period), the average water depth is 23m (non-flood period), and the water depth is close to the actual measured water depth in the non-flood period, and the difference between the highest point of the dam crest and the water surface elevation is 3.6m, so that the maximum water depth in the flood period is calculated to be 34.6m, and the average water depth in the flood period is 26.6 (m). And respectively estimating according to the historic ice lake area to obtain the maximum storage capacity of 0.507-0.688 hundred million m 3 in the flood season and the maximum storage capacity of 0.392-0.456 hundred million m 3 in the non-flood season.
TABLE 4 reevaluation of ice lake reservoir volume using maximum flood season Water depth (34.6 m) and maximum flood season Water depth (31 m)
6. The comparative analysis shows that the maximum water depth (34.6 m) in the flood season calculated according to the actual measured water depth and the dam top elevation is 5.9m shallower than the water depth (40.5 m) estimated by the application section, the error is 17%, the error is 12.9m shallower than the maximum water depth (46.5 m) estimated by the empirical formula, and the error is 38.8%. The maximum water depth (31 m) in the flood period calculated according to the measured water depth is 9.5m shallower than the water depth estimated by the section, the error is 30%, 15.5m shallower than the maximum water depth (46.5 m) estimated by an empirical formula, and the error is 50%. Therefore, the water depth of the ice lake calculated by the section estimation and the empirical formula is greatly different from the actual measurement result, and the accuracy of the ice lake burst calculation is affected.
7. 7 Ice lake water depth sectional views are drawn according to the measured data, specific section lines are shown in fig. 3, the frozen wrong storage capacity is further estimated according to the sectional area and the representative length, and relevant results are compared and analyzed. By comparing the measured data, the deepest part of the channel type ice lake is found to be near a dam body, for example, the maximum 31.9m of the frozen yeast water depth is located near AA' (fig. 4), meanwhile, a certain gradient exists in the channel, the water depth of the ice lake gradually decreases towards the upstream, and the water surface of the ice lake is the same height, so that the channel type ice lake reservoir capacity estimation method is provided.
(1) And reading the elevation H1 at the slope angle of the dam body, the tail elevation H2 of the ice lake and the length L of the ice lake according to a topographic map, and calculating the water depth of the whole dam body to be i= (H2-H1)/L by assuming that the maximum water depth is the dam height and the minimum water depth is 0, wherein the water depth of the whole dam body is in linear distribution, the water depth gradually decreases along the valley gradient in the longitudinal direction, and the area in the longitudinal direction is A 1 = (H2-H1) x L/2, wherein the H2-H1 can be approximately regarded as the dam height H, and the dam height is 45m.
(2) The average width d of the ice lake is estimated according to the area and length of the ice lake, d1=a/l=2049000/7049=290 m.
(3) Ice lake volume v=h a/L/2=45×2049000/7049/2=0.459×10 8m3.
Wherein H is the dam height (m), A is the ice lake area (m 2), and L is the ice lake length (m)
8. And comparing and analyzing the ice lake volume calculated according to the actually measured water depth with the ice lake volume calculated according to an empirical formula, and correcting the empirical formula, wherein the ice lake volume in the flood season is 0.74-0.84 times of the calculated result of the empirical formula, the average is 0.78 times, the calculated result of the ice lake volume in the flood season is 0.94-1.06 times of the calculated result of the maximum water depth and the calculated area of the flood season, and the average is 1.01 times. The ice lake reservoir volume in the non-flood season is 0.72-0.76 times of the calculated result of the empirical formula, the average value is 0.74 times, the reservoir volume in the non-flood season is corrected to be V=0.104 x A 1.40, the calculated result is 0.98-1.14 times of the reservoir volume calculated by using the maximum water depth and the area in the non-flood season, and the average value is 1.01 times. The calculation accuracy of the ice lake reservoir volume is improved, and correction formulas in different periods are provided.
Table 5 re-estimation of ice lake reservoir volume using the flood season correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.404) and the non-flood season correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.40)
9. The ice lake volume in the non-flood season of 10 months in 2019 calculated from the area of each section lake water and the represented length was 0.275 x 10 8m3 (fig. 3-10), which was generally smaller than the non-flood season volume calculated by various methods. And the reliability and the safety of calculating the ice lake reservoir volume by using the dam height and the valley longitudinal slope, and calculating the ice lake reservoir volume by using the actually measured maximum water depth and area and calculating the reservoir volume by using the corrected empirical formula are also verified.
TABLE 6 calculation of ice lake reservoir volume based on measured section
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all changes that may be made in the equivalent structures described in the specification and drawings of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for estimating the volume of a valley type ice lake based on actual measured water depth is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Interpreting the ice lake area by using the multi-time sequence remote sensing data;
(2) Firstly estimating the water depth of the ice lake according to the estimated water depth of the ice lake and an empirical formula, secondly obtaining the estimation of the average depth of the ice lake according to the relation between the average water depth and the area, and carrying out estimation according to the longitudinal section map of the main ditch of the mud-rock flow ditch of the ice lake;
(3) Reasonably estimating the volume of the ice lake, and comprehensively measuring the water depth and the elevation of the lake bottom by using an unmanned ship sonar detection method;
(4) Completing elevation data of the lake bottom, penetrating through the whole ice lake, completing cross section measurement, completing water depth measurement of the ice lake cross section at different positions, estimating according to the historical ice lake area, and obtaining the maximum reservoir capacity in the flood season;
(5) Drawing a water depth profile of the ice lake according to the measured data, further estimating the ice lake volume according to the profile area and the representative length, comparing and analyzing related achievements, and providing a channel type ice lake volume estimation method:
ice lake volume v=h a/L/2=45×2049000/7049/2=0.459×10 8m3;
Wherein H is the dam height (m), A is the ice lake area (m 2), and L is the ice lake length (m);
(6) Comparing and analyzing the ice lake volume calculated according to the actually measured water depth with the ice lake volume calculated according to an empirical formula, correcting the empirical formula, and providing correction formulas in different periods: applying a flood period correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.404); a non-flood period correction formula (v=0.104×a 1.40);
In the step (3), the step of (c),
1) Accurately measuring the water depth and the elevation in the whole ice lake range, and accurately measuring the topography in the dam range;
2) The mapping scale is 1:500, the positioning center is consistent with the sounding center as much as possible, and the upper limit difference of the error map in positioning of the positioning point is 2mm;
3) The depth measurement precision requires + -0.3 m;
4) The depth ratio mutual difference of the coincident depth points in the distance 1.0mm on the point positions of the main line and the check line is smaller than 0.4m, and when the number of the out-of-limit points exceeds 25% of the total number of the participating comparison points, or the point position water depth comparison of the image splicing is out-of-limit, the out-of-limit point positions are re-measured;
5) The direction of the depth section line is perpendicular to the main stream or the shoreline of the river, and the depth section line is arranged into a fan shape at the turning position of the river; the depth measurement section lines are set to be distributed at intervals of 1-2 cm on the graph, and the distance between the depth measurement points is 0.6-0.8 cm on the graph;
6) Submitting the result, drawing an underwater topography, and drawing a sounding longitudinal section and a sounding cross section of the ice lake.
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| CN106250635A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-12-21 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | The prevention and controls of a kind of ice-lake breach type mud-rock flow and application thereof |
| CN110849335A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-02-28 | 江苏师范大学 | Remote sensing rapid determination method for reservoir capacity of dammed lake water of waterless underground form data |
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