CN114152679A - Titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in ultralow-temperature liquid environment - Google Patents
Titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in ultralow-temperature liquid environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in an ultralow temperature liquid environment, which comprises the steps of eliminating high-intensity interference noise such as reflection and refraction generated by boiling, acoustic emission wave propagation modes and complex propagation paths in the ultralow temperature liquid environment through front-end filtering technologies such as central frequency, duration and energy, and then giving correction methods for calculating positioning parameters such as acoustic velocity, blocking distance and over-positioning distance according to environmental noise level, gain, detection threshold, positioning array form and gas cylinder structure size in a test process based on an acoustic emission time difference positioning principle and in combination with the characteristics of the acoustic emission wave propagation mode of a metal wall of a gas cylinder, so that two-dimensional plane positioning of acoustic emission signals in the ultralow temperature liquid environment is realized, the invention can realize accurate positioning of the acoustic emission signals of a titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment, the positioning error is no more than 5% of the adjacent sensor spacing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, relates to an acoustic emission time difference positioning and detecting technology, and particularly relates to an acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method for a titanium alloy gas cylinder in an ultralow temperature liquid environment.
Background
The low-temperature titanium alloy gas cylinder is a main pressurizing component of an engine system of an aerospace craft such as a carrier rocket, a satellite and an airship, the working environment of the gas cylinder is an ultralow-temperature environment (-253 ℃), and the low-temperature titanium alloy gas cylinder has the characteristics of high working pressure, light weight, high specific strength, small design safety coefficient, high reliability requirement, severe working environment and the like. The dynamic nondestructive detection characteristic of the acoustic emission detection technology can effectively avoid hazardous defects brought into the flight process by the gas cylinder, and in order to guarantee the model flight safety, the integral integrity of the titanium alloy gas cylinder needs to be measured and monitored one by one in liquid nitrogen (196 ℃ below zero). The acquisition of two-dimensional plane positioning information and the analysis of acoustic emission activity and intensity on the basis of the positioning information are important prerequisites for accurately realizing real-time evaluation of acoustic emission damage severity in the ultralow temperature environment of the titanium alloy gas cylinder.
By utilizing the latest optical fiber ring acoustic emission sensing technology, the multichannel signal acquisition of the titanium alloy gas cylinder can be realized under the liquid environment with the temperature not lower than the liquid hydrogen temperature (-253 ℃) without a waveguide device, thereby creating conditions for realizing acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning under the ultralow temperature liquid environment.
Researches show that when acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning is carried out in an ultralow-temperature liquid environment, difficulties such as complex acoustic emission signal propagation mode and propagation path, high interference noise intensity, acoustic emission wave velocity drift, much acoustic velocity measurement interference, difficulty in determining calculation distance and the like need to be overcome. At present, no acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method under the ultralow temperature liquid environment is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the current titanium alloy gas cylinder ultralow temperature acoustic emission detection cannot accurately position acoustic emission signals, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and provides a titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method under an ultralow temperature liquid environment, firstly, high-intensity interference noises such as reflection, refraction and the like generated by boiling of the ultralow temperature liquid environment, acoustic emission wave propagation mode and complex propagation path are eliminated through front-end filters such as central frequency, duration, energy and the like, and then, based on the acoustic emission time difference positioning principle, according to the environmental noise level, the gain, the detection threshold, the positioning array form of the detection threshold, the structural size of the gas cylinder and the like in the test process, the correction method of the positioning parameters such as the sound velocity, the locking distance, the over-positioning distance and the like is provided by combining the propagation modal characteristics of the acoustic emission wave of the metal wall of the gas cylinder, so that the accurate positioning of the real hazard defect is realized. The method is convenient, reliable and easy to operate, and the positioning error is not more than 5% of the distance between adjacent sensors.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in an ultralow temperature liquid environment comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging enough acoustic emission sensors on the surface of the gas cylinder in a layering manner, wherein at least two acoustic emission sensors are positioned on two sides of an equator weld joint of the gas cylinder;
s2: setting a comprehensive filter, eliminating high-intensity interference noise which does not meet the requirements such as reflection and refraction and the like generated by boiling in an ultralow-temperature liquid environment, a propagation mode of an acoustic emission wave and complex propagation paths according to the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range, and reserving and positioning an acoustic emission signal which meets the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range;
s3: setting gain, acoustic emission detection threshold and positioning parameters at normal temperature in an ultralow temperature state, amplifying an acoustic emission signal according to the gain, comparing the amplified acoustic emission signal with the acoustic emission detection threshold, and filtering a non-target acoustic emission signal; determining positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state according to the normal-temperature positioning parameters;
s4: the method comprises the steps of measuring the arrangement position of a sensor, the structural size of a gas cylinder and positioning parameters at normal temperature, and comprehensively correcting according to the acoustic emission wave propagation modal characteristics and attenuation of the metal wall of the gas cylinder in an ultralow temperature liquid environment to obtain the positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state;
s5: and after the steps are sequentially executed, based on the acoustic emission time difference positioning principle and in combination with the ultralow temperature positioning parameters, the two-dimensional plane positioning of the acoustic emission signals of the titanium alloy gas cylinder can be realized by implementing the acoustic emission detection of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment.
According to the method for positioning the titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane in the ultralow temperature liquid environment, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
(1) according to the titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in the ultralow temperature liquid environment, the central frequency range, the duration and the energy amplitude of the acquired signal are set, and high-intensity interference noise such as reflection, refraction and the like generated by boiling in the ultralow temperature liquid environment, the acoustic emission wave propagation mode and complex propagation path is filtered by using the front-end filter, so that the signal acquisition accuracy is improved;
(2) according to the titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in the ultralow-temperature liquid environment, acoustic velocity obtained at different measurement intervals is corrected to obtain acoustic velocity of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in acoustic emission detection at normal temperature, and by combining with the acoustic emission wave propagation modal characteristics of the metal wall of the gas cylinder, a correction method of positioning parameters such as acoustic velocity, locking distance and over-positioning interval in the ultralow-temperature liquid environment is provided;
(3) according to the titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in the ultralow-temperature liquid environment, aiming at the problem that acoustic emission signals of the titanium alloy gas cylinder are difficult to accurately position in the ultralow-temperature liquid environment, the titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method successfully realizes the two-dimensional plane positioning of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow-temperature liquid environment based on the structure of the titanium alloy gas cylinder and the transmission characteristics of acoustic emission waves, can provide accurate two-dimensional positions of the acoustic emission signals related to damage on the titanium alloy gas cylinder, and the maximum deviation is not more than 5% of the distance between sensors, so that important data support is provided for real-time evaluation of the severity of acoustic emission damage of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow-temperature liquid environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of acoustic emission detection of a 20L spherical titanium alloy gas cylinder;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the positioning effect of the sensors and simulated sound sources near the equatorial weld.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The invention provides a titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in an ultralow temperature liquid environment, which comprises the steps of eliminating high-intensity interference noise such as reflection, refraction and the like generated by boiling in the ultralow temperature liquid environment, acoustic emission wave propagation modes and complex propagation paths through front-end filters such as central frequency, duration, energy and the like, and providing a correction method of positioning parameters such as sound velocity, blocking distance, over-positioning distance and the like according to environmental noise level, gain, detection thresholds, positioning array forms thereof, gas cylinder structure sizes and the like in a test process based on an acoustic emission time difference positioning principle and in combination with the characteristics of the acoustic emission wave propagation modes of a metal wall of a gas cylinder, so that the two-dimensional plane positioning of a titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment is realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging enough acoustic emission sensors on the surface of the gas cylinder in a layering manner, wherein at least two acoustic emission sensors are positioned on two sides of an equator weld joint of the gas cylinder;
s2: setting a comprehensive filter, eliminating high-intensity interference noise which does not meet the requirements such as reflection and refraction and the like generated by boiling in an ultralow-temperature liquid environment, a propagation mode of an acoustic emission wave and complex propagation paths according to the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range, and reserving and positioning an acoustic emission signal which meets the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range;
s3: setting gain, acoustic emission detection threshold and positioning parameters at normal temperature in an ultralow temperature state, amplifying an acoustic emission signal according to the gain, comparing the amplified acoustic emission signal with the acoustic emission detection threshold, and filtering a non-target acoustic emission signal; determining positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state according to the normal-temperature positioning parameters;
s4: the method comprises the steps of measuring the arrangement position of a sensor, the structural size of a gas cylinder and positioning parameters at normal temperature, and comprehensively correcting according to the acoustic emission wave propagation modal characteristics and attenuation of the metal wall of the gas cylinder in an ultralow temperature liquid environment to obtain the positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state;
s5: and (3) sequentially executing the steps, based on an acoustic emission time difference positioning principle and combined with ultralow temperature positioning parameters, implementing acoustic emission detection of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in an ultralow temperature liquid environment to realize two-dimensional plane positioning of the acoustic emission signals of the titanium alloy gas cylinder, wherein the positioning error is not more than 5% of the distance between adjacent sensors.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, a sufficient number of acoustic emission sensors are layered on the cylinder surface at intervals where the adjacent sensors are spaced apart by a distance not greater than one-half of the circumference of a spherical surface, and also not less than one-eighth of the circumference of a spherical surface.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S2, the center frequency is set to 200 to 450Hz, the duration is 10 to 5000 μ S, and the energy is 100-.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the acoustic emission signals satisfying the center frequency, duration and energy requirement range are retained and located according to a set logic rule, where the logic rule includes: the acoustic emission signal has a center frequency of 200 to 450Hz and a duration of 10 to 5000 mus, or has a center frequency of 200 to 450Hz and an energy of 100 to 1500.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the positioning parameters include sound velocity, latching distance, and over-positioning distance. The sound velocity at normal temperature is determined by the following method:
measuring the speed of sound between the three different sensor spacings in air at ambient temperature, the minimum sensor spacing A1Velocity of sound at time V1Distance between sensors A2Velocity of sound at time V2Maximum sensor spacing across weld A3Velocity of sound at time V3Processing the 3 groups of sound velocity values obtained by measurement to obtain the sound velocity under the normal temperature air
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the gain is set to 40dB, and the acquired acoustic emission signal is amplified by 100 times.
Determining an acoustic emission detection threshold in an ultralow temperature state, wherein the detection threshold is determined by adopting the following formula:
T＝ASLMAX+25dB
wherein T is the detection threshold, ASMAXIs the maximum of the average signal level measured within the acquired signal 100 s.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S4, the sound speed in the ultra-low temperature state is determined by:
V＝K·Vat normal temperature 2
Wherein, K is a correction factor,
rho is the density of the titanium alloy gas cylinder, sigma is the Poisson's ratio of the titanium alloy gas cylinder at normal temperature, E is the Young's modulus of the titanium alloy gas cylinder at normal temperature, and VAt normal temperatureIs the sound velocity, T, measured at ambient temperatureLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAt ultra-low liquid ambient temperature, TAt normal temperatureIs room temperature.
The locking distance in the ultralow temperature state is determined by the following method: the maximum value of the measurement sensor spacing is a, the latching distance a' is:
ultra-lowThe over-positioning distance in a warm state is determined by the following method: and if the maximum value of the measurement sensor interval is A, the over-positioning interval B is:
wherein, TLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAt ultra-low liquid ambient temperature, TAt normal temperatureThe maximum value of the spacing of the sensors A is the room temperature, A' is the locking distance, and B is the over-positioning spacing.
Example 1
A two-dimensional plane positioning method for acoustic emission of a 20L spherical titanium alloy gas cylinder (hereinafter referred to as a gas cylinder) in a liquid nitrogen environment; FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation and detection of a gas cylinder acoustic emission sensor; the method comprises the following specific steps according to the flow chart of FIG. 2:
step S1: in the gas cylinder (the circumference of the spherical surface is 1224mm) in the embodiment, 4 acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the surface of the gas cylinder in a layered mode according to the interval between adjacent sensors not larger than 612mm and not smaller than 153mm, so that a rectangular plane positioning array is formed and is firmly fixed;
step S2: arranging a comprehensive filter, and according to the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range (the central frequency is 200-450 Hz, the duration is 10-5000 mus, and the energy is 100-1500), according to the requirement that the acoustic emission signal meets the logic rule that the central frequency is 200-450 Hz, the duration is 10-5000 mus, or the central frequency is 200-450 Hz, and the energy is 100-1500, reserving the acoustic emission signal meeting the characteristics and performing positioning operation to eliminate high-intensity interference noise such as reflection, refraction and the like generated due to boiling of an ultralow-temperature liquid environment, a propagation mode of the acoustic emission wave and complex propagation path;
step S3: comprehensively considering the amplitude of a signal peak value in a liquid nitrogen low-temperature environment, setting the gain to be 40dB, and implementing by adding a preamplifier on a signal propagation line; in the acoustic emission signal characteristic parameters, the representation of parameters such as rise time, fall time, duration, ringing count and the like all depend on the intersection point position of the threshold level and the signal. Therefore, the detection threshold value has direct influence on the magnitude of the parameter values, the maximum value of the average signal level measured in the acquired signal 100s is 20dB, and the detection threshold value is set to be 45dB according to the maximum value of the average signal level; after the acoustic emission signal is amplified according to gain, the acoustic emission signal is compared with an acoustic emission detection threshold in an acoustic emission processor, and a non-target acoustic emission signal is filtered; determining positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state according to the normal-temperature positioning parameters;
step S4: in order to accurately position the acoustic emission signal of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the low-temperature environment of liquid nitrogen, the sound velocity of sound wave in the liquid nitrogen needs to be determined, and due to the fact that the sound wave in the liquid nitrogen is complex to propagate, the acoustic emission wave velocity is measured to drift, the sound velocity measurement is interfered more, and the calculation distance is difficult to determine, the sound velocity of the sound wave in the liquid nitrogen is obtained by measuring and correcting the sound velocity at normal temperature. Measuring sound velocity among three different sensor intervals in the air at normal temperature, wherein the sound velocity is 3100m/s when the minimum sensor interval is 306mm, the sound velocity is 3088m/s when the sensor interval is 315mm, and the sound velocity is 3064m/s when the maximum sensor interval spanning a welding line is 610mm, processing 3 groups of measured sound velocity values to obtain the sound velocity at normal temperature:
according to positioning parameters such as the arrangement position of the sensor, the structural size of the gas cylinder, the sound velocity and the like measured at normal temperature, comprehensive correction is carried out according to the propagation modal characteristics and the attenuation of the metal wall sound emission wave of the gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment, and the obtained sound velocity V at normal temperature is utilizedAt normal temperatureAnd simultaneously measuring the temperature T at normal temperatureAt normal temperature298.15K, and the ambient temperature of the ultralow temperature liquid is TLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionWhen the density is 80.15K, the density rho of the titanium alloy gas cylinder at normal temperature is 4.45g/cm3The poisson ratio σ of the titanium alloy gas cylinder is 0.33, the populus modulus E of the titanium alloy gas cylinder is 118Gpa, and the sound velocity V in the ultralow-temperature liquid medium is as follows:
correcting the locking distance and the over-positioning distance: the maximum value of the measurement sensor pitch is 610mm, the blocking distance A' is
Over-positioning distance B of
Setting the corrected sound velocity V and the locking distance A' as positioning parameters through the positioning distance B;
step S5: after the steps are completed, a titanium alloy gas cylinder low-temperature acoustic emission experiment is carried out, and based on an acoustic emission time difference positioning principle, titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning under an ultralow-temperature liquid environment is implemented by combining ultralow-temperature positioning parameters. The acoustic emission positioning effect chart of the simulated sound source close to the sensor and at the equator weld joint is shown in figure 3, and the positioning accuracy reaches not more than 5% of the distance between adjacent sensors.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A titanium alloy gas cylinder acoustic emission two-dimensional plane positioning method in an ultralow temperature liquid environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: arranging enough acoustic emission sensors on the surface of the gas cylinder in a layering manner, wherein at least two acoustic emission sensors are positioned on two sides of an equator weld joint of the gas cylinder;
s2: setting a comprehensive filter, eliminating high-intensity interference noise which does not meet the requirements such as reflection and refraction and the like generated by boiling in an ultralow-temperature liquid environment, a propagation mode of an acoustic emission wave and complex propagation paths according to the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range, and reserving and positioning an acoustic emission signal which meets the central frequency, the duration and the energy requirement range;
s3: setting gain, acoustic emission detection threshold and positioning parameters at normal temperature in an ultralow temperature state, amplifying an acoustic emission signal according to the gain, comparing the amplified acoustic emission signal with the acoustic emission detection threshold, and filtering a non-target acoustic emission signal; determining positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state according to the normal-temperature positioning parameters;
s4: the method comprises the steps of measuring the arrangement position of a sensor, the structural size of a gas cylinder and positioning parameters at normal temperature, and comprehensively correcting according to the acoustic emission wave propagation modal characteristics and attenuation of the metal wall of the gas cylinder in an ultralow temperature liquid environment to obtain the positioning parameters in an ultralow temperature state;
s5: and after the steps are sequentially executed, based on the acoustic emission time difference positioning principle and in combination with the ultralow temperature positioning parameters, the two-dimensional plane positioning of the acoustic emission signals of the titanium alloy gas cylinder can be realized by implementing the acoustic emission detection of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment.
2. The method for positioning acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of titanium alloy gas cylinder in ultra-low temperature liquid environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, sufficient acoustic emission sensors are layered on the surface of the gas cylinder at an interval where the distance between adjacent sensors is not more than one half of the circumference of the spherical surface and not less than one eighth of the circumference of the spherical surface.
3. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the center frequency is set to 200-450 Hz, the duration is 10-5000 μ S, and the energy is 100-1500-.
4. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, acoustic emission signals meeting the central frequency, duration and energy requirement ranges are retained and positioned according to a set logic rule, wherein the logic rule comprises: the acoustic emission signal has a center frequency of 200 to 450Hz and a duration of 10 to 5000 mus, or has a center frequency of 200 to 450Hz and an energy of 100 to 1500.
5. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the positioning parameters comprise sound velocity, locking distance and over-positioning distance, wherein the sound velocity at normal temperature is determined by the following method:
measuring the speed of sound between the three different sensor spacings in air at ambient temperature, the minimum sensor spacing A1Velocity of sound at time V1Distance between sensors A2Velocity of sound at time V2Maximum sensor spacing across weld A3Velocity of sound at time V3Processing the 3 groups of sound velocity values obtained by measurement to obtain the sound velocity under the normal temperature air
6. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the gain is set to 40dB, and the acquired acoustic emission signals are amplified by 100 times.
7. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the acoustic emission detection threshold in the ultralow temperature state is determined by the following formula:
T＝ASLMAX+25dB
wherein T is the detection threshold, ASMAXIs the maximum of the average signal level measured within the acquired signal 100 s.
8. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the sound velocity in the ultralow temperature state is determined by:
V＝K·Vat normal temperature 2
Wherein, K is a correction factor,
rho is the density of the titanium alloy gas cylinder, sigma is the Poisson's ratio of the titanium alloy gas cylinder at normal temperature, E is the Young's modulus of the titanium alloy gas cylinder at normal temperature, and VAt normal temperatureIs the sound velocity, T, measured at ambient temperatureLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAt ultra-low liquid ambient temperature, TAt normal temperatureIs room temperature.
9. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the blocking distance in the ultralow temperature state is determined by: the maximum value of the measurement sensor spacing is a, the latching distance a' is:
wherein, TLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAt ultra-low liquid ambient temperature, TAt normal temperatureIs the maximum value of the room temperature, A sensor spacing.
10. The method for positioning the acoustic emission two-dimensional plane of the titanium alloy gas cylinder in the ultralow temperature liquid environment according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the over-positioning distance in the ultralow temperature state is determined by: and if the maximum value of the measurement sensor interval is A, the over-positioning interval B is:
wherein, TLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionAt ultra-low liquid ambient temperature, TAt normal temperatureAt room temperature, between sensorsThe maximum value of the distance.
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| CN116448338A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-07-18 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Acoustic emission detection method for full-capacity LNG storage tank leakage |
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