CN114124990A - Vehicle networking trust management method based on block chain - Google Patents
Vehicle networking trust management method based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/20—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for managing network security; network security policies in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method, which comprises the following steps: calculating the variable quantity of the trust value of each vehicle in the internet of vehicles through the base station; connecting base stations into a distributed block chain network, forming a new block by the change amount of the trust value, and adding the new block into a block chain; and obtaining the comprehensive trust value of a certain vehicle according to all the trust value variable quantities of the vehicle stored in the block chain. According to the vehicle networking trust management method based on the block chain, the base stations are connected into a distributed block chain network, so that the problems of high time delay, poor expansibility, single-point failure and the like in a centralized trust management mechanism can be effectively solved, the safety and consistency of data storage can be ensured, and the consensus result of the whole network cannot be influenced even if a small part of the base stations have storage errors or are controlled by an attacker; the trust value of the message sender can be efficiently obtained by using the trust data stored in the base station so as to evaluate the message credibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method.
Background
The Internet of vehicles provides an interactive platform for intelligent vehicles, and can share information related to traffic safety with surrounding vehicles, such as road conditions, brake early warning and the like. The information can help the vehicle to know the traffic environment in time, so that the traffic safety and efficiency are improved. However, due to the high mobility of the nodes of the internet of vehicles, the vehicles often encounter many strange vehicles during driving, making the trustworthiness of their receipt of the message questionable. Especially in the presence of malicious nodes in the network, disrupting the normal operation of the network by deliberately broadcasting false messages. For example, an attacker may broadcast a message to a following vehicle stating that the road ahead is clear, even if there is a traffic accident or traffic congestion ahead. Such malicious behavior threatens the safety and efficiency of traffic to a large extent. Therefore, how to effectively evaluate the credibility of the vehicle broadcast messages in the internet of vehicles becomes a safety problem to be solved urgently.
The trust management mechanism may help the vehicles determine whether the message is trusted or not, and help managers of the internet of vehicles to know the reputation of each vehicle, so as to take reward or punishment measures for a specific vehicle. The trust management mechanism will typically set a trust value for a vehicle based on its historical behavior for comprehensive evaluation of the trustworthiness of the message broadcast by the vehicle. The higher the trust value, the higher the confidence that the message is issued on behalf of the vehicle. The generation of a trust value usually requires that the recipient of a message performs a posterior scoring of the message based on a combination of other information, direct observation, etc., and all the scores for a certain vehicle are accumulated using a specific method to form the trust value of the vehicle. Compared with traditional wireless networks, such as cellular networks and the like, the demand of the internet of vehicles for trust management is stronger and the requirement is stricter. Firstly, most of data transmitted in the traditional wireless network is information entertainment services, and even if false messages exist, the personal safety of users cannot be seriously affected. The most important function in the internet of vehicles is the transmission of traffic safety messages, whether the messages are real or not is directly related to the driving decision of the vehicle and the life safety of passengers, and a trust management mechanism is urgently needed to deal with false messages. Secondly, the time delay that can be tolerated by traffic safety services of the internet of vehicles is far lower than that of services in the traditional wireless network, so that higher requirements are put forward on the performance of a trust management mechanism. Therefore, the trust management mechanism in the internet of vehicles is significantly higher than the traditional wireless network in terms of necessity and performance requirements, and needs to be studied intensively.
Therefore, a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, effectively solve the pain of a centralized trust management mechanism and a distributed trust management mechanism at the same time, and establish a safe, reliable and tamper-proof trust database for each vehicle.
The invention provides a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the variable quantity of the trust value of each vehicle in the internet of vehicles through the base station;
connecting base stations into a distributed block chain network, forming the trust value variable quantity into a new block, and adding the new block into a block chain;
and obtaining the comprehensive trust value of a certain vehicle according to all the trust value variable quantities of the vehicle stored in the block chain.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the calculating, by the base station, a trust value variation of each vehicle in the vehicle networking specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps that all vehicles carry out comprehensive analysis according to all received messages about a certain event, whether the event described in the messages occurs or not is judged, and scoring data corresponding to each message is generated;
each vehicle uploads the scoring data to a nearby base station periodically for storage and management;
based on the scoring data uploaded by the vehicles, the base station calculates a trust value change for each vehicle involved.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the vehicle performs comprehensive analysis according to all received messages about a certain event, determines whether an event described in the message occurs, and generates score data corresponding to each message, and specifically includes:
and each vehicle adopts a Bayesian inference model to comprehensively judge the reliability of all received messages about a certain event and scores the received messages.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the score data corresponding to each message includes: a positive score and a negative score, wherein the positive score represents a trusted message and the negative score represents an untrusted message.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the higher the positive score ratio received by a certain vehicle, the larger the value of the trust value variation of the vehicle.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the connecting the base stations into a distributed block chain network, forming a new block by the trust value variation, and adding the new block into the block chain specifically includes:
and the base station packs the trust value variable quantity together with the timestamp and/or the check information to form a new block, and adds the new block into a block chain through a distributed consensus algorithm.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, each time a new block node is added as a miner node, the method for selecting the miner node includes:
base stations receiving a higher score over a period of time get a higher priority to add data to the blockchain.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the method for selecting a miner node specifically includes:
and calculating the sum of absolute values of all the trust variation contained in the new block of each base station, wherein the base station with larger numerical value has higher possibility of becoming a miner node.
The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method as described above, wherein preferably, the obtaining a comprehensive trust value of a certain vehicle according to all the trust value variations of the vehicle stored in the block chain specifically includes:
and accumulating all the trust value variable quantities for a certain vehicle stored in the block chain by using a preset method to obtain the comprehensive trust value of the vehicle.
The invention provides a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method, which connects base stations into a distributed block chain network, can effectively solve the pain of a centralized trust management mechanism and a distributed trust management mechanism at the same time, can effectively solve the problems of high time delay, poor expansibility, single-point fault and the like in the centralized trust management mechanism, and can ensure the safety and consistency of data storage, even if a small part of base stations have storage errors or are controlled by attackers, the consensus result of the whole network cannot be influenced; by using the trust data stored in the base station, the vehicle can efficiently acquire the trust value of the message sender, and further evaluate the credibility of the received message; according to the distributed vehicle networking trust management mechanism based on the block chain, provided by the invention, the block chain technology is applied to vehicle networking trust management, so that a safe, reliable and tamper-proof trust database is established for each vehicle, the reliability of vehicle broadcast messages in the vehicle networking can be effectively evaluated, and the safety and efficiency of traffic are further improved.
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In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a block chain based vehicle networking trust management method provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not as limitative, unless specifically stated otherwise.
As used in this disclosure, "first", "second": and the like, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element preceding the word covers the element listed after the word, and does not exclude the possibility that other elements are also covered. "upper", "lower", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
In the present disclosure, when a specific component is described as being located between a first component and a second component, there may or may not be intervening components between the specific component and the first component or the second component. When it is described that a specific component is connected to other components, the specific component may be directly connected to the other components without having an intervening component, or may be directly connected to the other components without having an intervening component.
All terms (including technical or scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs unless specifically defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
Trust management mechanisms in the internet of vehicles are significantly higher in both necessity and performance requirements than traditional wireless networks, requiring extensive research. Existing trust management methods can be broadly divided into two categories, namely central and distributed. In the central trust management mechanism, all scores are stored and processed in a central server, and when a vehicle wants to know the trust values of other vehicles, a request needs to be sent to the central server. The disadvantage of this mechanism is that the vehicle's high speed mobility requires a short time for reaction and decision after receiving the message, while the central server is usually located in the cloud and is far from the vehicle terminal, which may not meet the requirement of the internet of vehicles for time delay. In addition, the central trust management mode also has the problems of single point of failure and the like, and the reliability and the expansibility of the central trust management mode are restricted. In distributed trust management mechanisms, the task of trust data storage and management is typically undertaken by the vehicle itself or by a base station. A disadvantage of this mechanism is that the trust database maintained by itself may not be fully reliable due to limitations in the vehicle's own perceptibility and observation conditions. In view of this, a scheme is proposed in which trust data is maintained by an edge node of a network such as a base station or a roadside unit. However, although the edge nodes can obtain lower delay compared with the central node, because the edge nodes are distributed outdoors, the security protection measures are not as strict as the central node, and timely maintenance by a network administrator sometimes cannot be obtained, so that the security and reliability of the edge nodes are deficient. How to establish an efficient, safe and reliable vehicle networking trust management mechanism is still a problem to be solved.
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides a block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method. The continuous development of the block chain technology brings a new idea to distributed data storage and management, and can become an effective method for solving the problems. The basic idea of the block chain is decentralization, namely, functions of data storage, maintenance and the like are dispersed into a plurality of nodes of a network, and the consistency of data stored by each node is ensured by a distributed consensus method, so that data interaction between the nodes is completed without participation of a third party mechanism. The data stored in the blockchain has a high degree of security and non-tamper-ability, since an attacker only controls a large number of nodes in the network to influence the network-wide consensus result. The block chain technology is applied to the field of vehicle networking trust management, and the advantages of the block chain technology can be fully exerted. By connecting the base stations into a distributed blockchain network, the problems of high time delay, poor expansibility, single point failure and the like in a centralized trust management mechanism can be effectively solved, the safety and consistency of data storage can be ensured, and the consensus result of the whole network cannot be influenced even if a small part of the base stations have storage errors or are controlled by attackers. By using the trust data stored in the base station, the vehicle can efficiently acquire the trust value of the message sender, and further evaluate the credibility of the received message. Currently, the blockchain technology has been applied in the field of distributed data management, however, the existing research cannot completely adapt to the specific requirements of the train communication network management, such as high requirements on response delay and data updating speed, limited computing capability of the base station, and the like. Therefore, the main objective of the invention is to design a block chain trust management mechanism facing the internet of vehicles and verify the feasibility of the block chain trust management mechanism by using simulation.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in an actual implementation process, the block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method provided in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
and step S1, calculating the trust value variation of each vehicle in the internet of vehicles through the base station.
In an embodiment of the block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method according to the present invention, the step S1 may specifically include:
step S11, each vehicle performs comprehensive analysis according to all received messages about a certain event, determines whether an event described in the message occurs, and generates score data corresponding to each message.
Specifically, each vehicle adopts a Bayesian inference model to comprehensively judge the reliability of all received messages about a certain event and score the messages.
Wherein the scoring data corresponding to each message includes: a positive score (e.g., +1) representing a trusted message and a negative score (e.g., -1) representing an untrusted message.
And step S12, each vehicle uploads the score data to a nearby base station for storage and management periodically.
The vehicle uploads the scores generated within a period of time (for example, one day, one week and the like) to surrounding base stations, and the base stations are used for storing and managing the vehicle networking trust data.
Step S13, based on the score data uploaded by each vehicle, the base station calculates a trust value variation for each involved vehicle.
In the invention, the trust value variation is between-1 and +1, and the higher the positive score ratio received by a certain vehicle is, the larger the value of the trust value variation of the vehicle is.
Step S2, connecting the base stations into a distributed block chain network, forming a new block by the trust value variation, and adding the new block into a block chain.
The invention can ensure the safety of the data stored in each base station by introducing the block chain technology. Specifically, the base station packs the trust value variation together with the timestamp and/or the check information to form a new block, and adds the new block to a block chain through a distributed consensus algorithm.
Each time a new block node is added as a Miner node (Miner), the selection method of the Miner node is an important link in the block chain system. In the invention, the method for selecting the miner node comprises the following steps:
base stations receiving a higher score over a period of time get a higher priority to add data to the blockchain. The invention improves the traditional block chain consensus mechanism, so that the traditional block chain consensus mechanism can adapt to the actual conditions and requirements of the Internet of vehicles, thereby ensuring the quick update of trust data and improving the operation efficiency.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for selecting a miner node includes: and calculating the sum of absolute values of all the trust variation contained in the new block of each base station, wherein the base station with larger numerical value has higher possibility of becoming a miner node. This may cause the blocks with greater influence on the vehicle trust value to be added to the block chain faster, thereby improving the efficiency of data update and making the update of trust data more efficient.
And step S3, obtaining the comprehensive trust value of a certain vehicle according to all the trust value variation quantities of the vehicle stored in the block chain.
Specifically, all the trust value variations for a certain vehicle stored in the blockchain are accumulated by using a preset method to obtain a comprehensive trust value of the vehicle.
Therefore, in the present invention, the vehicle can query the base station for the trust value of the message sender and comprehensively evaluate the credibility of the received message. The trust value is calculated by the base station according to the scores given by the message receivers to the messages, and then the safety and consistency of the trust data stored in the distributed network are ensured by using the block chain technology.
According to the block chain-based Internet of vehicles trust management method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the base stations are connected into a distributed block chain network, so that the pain points of a centralized trust management mechanism and a distributed trust management mechanism can be effectively solved, the problems of high time delay, poor expansibility, single-point fault and the like in the centralized trust management mechanism can be effectively solved, the safety and consistency of data storage can be ensured, and the consensus result of the whole network cannot be influenced even if a small part of the base stations have storage errors or are controlled by attackers; by using the trust data stored in the base station, the vehicle can efficiently acquire the trust value of the message sender, and further evaluate the credibility of the received message; according to the distributed vehicle networking trust management mechanism based on the block chain, provided by the invention, the block chain technology is applied to vehicle networking trust management, so that a safe, reliable and tamper-proof trust database is established for each vehicle, the reliability of vehicle broadcast messages in the vehicle networking can be effectively evaluated, and the safety and efficiency of traffic are further improved.
Thus, various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail. Some details that are well known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure. It will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description how to practice the presently disclosed embodiments.
Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail by way of example, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the above embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A vehicle networking trust management method based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the variable quantity of the trust value of each vehicle in the internet of vehicles through the base station;
connecting base stations into a distributed block chain network, forming the trust value variable quantity into a new block, and adding the new block into a block chain;
and obtaining the comprehensive trust value of a certain vehicle according to all the trust value variable quantities of the vehicle stored in the block chain.
2. The block chain-based vehicle networking trust management method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating, by the base station, the trust value variation of each vehicle in the vehicle networking specifically comprises:
the method comprises the steps that all vehicles carry out comprehensive analysis according to all received messages about a certain event, whether the event described in the messages occurs or not is judged, and scoring data corresponding to each message is generated;
each vehicle uploads the scoring data to a nearby base station periodically for storage and management;
based on the scoring data uploaded by the vehicles, the base station calculates a trust value change for each vehicle involved.
3. The block chain-based internet of vehicle trust management method according to claim 2, wherein the vehicles perform comprehensive analysis according to all received messages about a certain event, determine whether an event described in the message occurs, and generate score data corresponding to each message, specifically comprising:
and each vehicle adopts a Bayesian inference model to comprehensively judge the reliability of all received messages about a certain event and scores the received messages.
4. The block chain-based internet of vehicle trust management method according to claim 2, wherein the score data corresponding to each message comprises: a positive score and a negative score, wherein the positive score represents a trusted message and the negative score represents an untrusted message.
5. The block chain-based internet of vehicle trust management method of claim 4, wherein the higher the positive score percentage received by a certain vehicle, the larger the value of the trust value variation of the vehicle.
6. The block chain-based internet of vehicle trust management method according to claim 1, wherein the connecting the base stations into a distributed block chain network, forming the trust value variation into a new block, and adding the new block into a block chain specifically comprises:
and the base station packs the trust value variable quantity together with the timestamp and/or the check information to form a new block, and adds the new block into a block chain through a distributed consensus algorithm.
7. The block chain-based internet of vehicle trust management method according to claim 6, wherein each time a new block node is added as a mineworker node, the method for selecting the mineworker node comprises:
base stations receiving a higher score over a period of time get a higher priority to add data to the blockchain.
8. The block chain-based internet of vehicle trust management method according to claim 7, wherein the method for selecting the miner node specifically comprises:
and calculating the sum of absolute values of all the trust variation contained in the new block of each base station, wherein the base station with larger numerical value has higher possibility of becoming a miner node.
9. The block chain-based internet of vehicles trust management method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the comprehensive trust value of a certain vehicle according to all the trust value variations of the vehicle stored in the block chain specifically comprises:
and accumulating all the trust value variable quantities for a certain vehicle stored in the block chain by using a preset method to obtain the comprehensive trust value of the vehicle.
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Application publication date: 20220301 |