CN114046187A - Efficient recovery device and method for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas - Google Patents

Efficient recovery device and method for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114046187A
CN114046187A CN202111181420.0A CN202111181420A CN114046187A CN 114046187 A CN114046187 A CN 114046187A CN 202111181420 A CN202111181420 A CN 202111181420A CN 114046187 A CN114046187 A CN 114046187A
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natural gas
energy
fuel cell
pipeline
pressure
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CN202111181420.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王洪建
张晓瑞
赵腾龙
吴�荣
张宇宁
张晓松
孙明烨
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BEIJING GAS AND HEATING ENGINEERING DESIGN INSTITUTE
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BEIJING GAS AND HEATING ENGINEERING DESIGN INSTITUTE
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Priority to CN202111181420.0A priority Critical patent/CN114046187A/en
Publication of CN114046187A publication Critical patent/CN114046187A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas, and discloses a device and a method for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas, wherein the device comprises: the natural gas pipeline is connected with the upstream natural gas and used for conveying the natural gas; the pressure difference power generation device generates power by utilizing the pressure difference of natural gas; the first heat exchanger is internally provided with a refrigerant and is used for exchanging heat with the low-temperature natural gas generated by the differential pressure generating device; a natural gas fuel cell; generating power by using the chemical energy of the depressurized natural gas; the second heat exchanger is used for heat exchange of the low-temperature natural gas and the hot tail gas generated after the natural gas fuel cell generates electricity; and the natural gas pipeline is respectively communicated with the natural gas fuel cell and downstream natural gas after passing through the second heat exchanger. The device disclosed by the invention is combined with a natural gas fuel cell in a gas field station through a differential pressure power generation technology, so that the natural gas is efficiently utilized, and meanwhile, the energy conservation and the environmental protection are realized.

Description

Efficient recovery device and method for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas, in particular to a device and a method for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas.
Background
The description of the background of the invention pertaining to the related art to which this invention pertains is given for the purpose of illustration and understanding only of the summary of the invention and is not to be construed as an admission that the applicant is explicitly or implicitly admitted to be prior art to the date of filing this application as first filed with this invention.
When natural gas enters a low-pressure pipe network from a high-pressure pipe network, pressure regulation is needed to reduce the pressure of the natural gas. At present, throttling is the most common pressure regulating process in an urban gas pipe network, but a large amount of pressure energy is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is combined with a natural gas fuel cell in a gas field station through a differential pressure power generation technology, so that the natural gas is efficiently utilized, and meanwhile, the energy conservation and the environmental protection are realized.
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas, comprising:
the natural gas pipeline is connected with the upstream natural gas and used for conveying the natural gas;
the pressure difference power generation device generates power by utilizing the pressure difference of natural gas;
the first heat exchanger is internally provided with a refrigerant and is used for exchanging heat with the low-temperature natural gas generated by the differential pressure generating device;
a natural gas fuel cell; generating power by using the chemical energy of the depressurized natural gas;
the second heat exchanger is used for heat exchange of the low-temperature natural gas and the hot tail gas generated after the natural gas fuel cell generates electricity; and the natural gas pipeline is respectively communicated with the natural gas fuel cell and downstream natural gas after passing through the second heat exchanger.
The natural gas pipeline further comprises a control system, and the control system is used for controlling the flow and the cut-off of the natural gas in the natural gas pipeline.
The system further comprises a gas-liquid separation device, wherein the gas-liquid separation device is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the hot tail gas passing through the second heat exchanger to obtain carbon dioxide and water;
further, still include with gas-liquid separation device connect the water storage tank and the carbon dioxide recovery unit, be used for storage water and carbon dioxide respectively, carbon dioxide recovery unit be equipped with exhaust outlet.
Further, the water storage tank is connected with the natural gas fuel cell.
And the energy storage device is respectively connected with the differential pressure power generation device and the natural gas fuel cell and is used for storing electric energy.
Furthermore, the natural gas pipeline is provided with a stop valve, a check valve, a flow regulating valve and a flowmeter.
Further, the differential pressure power generation device comprises an expander, and the expander is a turbine expander, a screw expander or a turbine expander.
Furthermore, the natural gas fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas, which is completed by adopting the device; the device is connected with the original pressure regulating equipment of the natural gas station in parallel;
the natural gas at the upstream passes through the pressure difference power generation device and then exchanges heat through the first heat exchanger to provide cold energy, the natural gas passes through the first heat exchanger and then is heated through the second heat exchanger to reach the natural gas fuel cell, and hot tail gas generated by the natural gas fuel cell after power generation passes through the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the natural gas and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation to respectively collect water and carbon dioxide; the pressure difference power generation device and the natural gas fuel cell are connected with the energy storage device to store electric energy, and water is recycled and used for reforming natural gas; the control system is used for controlling the flow and the cut-off of the natural gas in the natural gas pipeline.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, pressure energy is recovered through the differential pressure power generation equipment, and the hot tail gas generated after power generation through the natural gas fuel cell connected with the differential pressure power generation equipment is used for heating the depressurized low-temperature natural gas, so that the natural gas is efficiently utilized while the safe operation is ensured.
The main equipment of the invention is differential pressure generating equipment and a natural gas fuel cell, which are arranged between upstream incoming gas and downstream gas transmission and are connected in parallel with the original pressure regulating equipment of a gas field station. The proposal in the scheme utilizes the pressure energy of the natural gas to generate electricity through the pressure difference generating device, the cold energy recovery system is utilized to recover the cold energy of the low-temperature natural gas after the electricity generation, the natural gas fuel cell can utilize the chemical energy of the natural gas after the pressure reduction to generate electricity, the hot tail gas generated after the electricity generation of the natural gas fuel cell can heat the expanded natural gas, and the natural gas after the expansion and the temperature reduction can be conveyed to the natural gas fuel cell and a downstream pipeline. The invention combines the differential pressure power generation technology with the natural gas fuel cell in the gas field station, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of natural gas and simultaneously realizes energy conservation and environmental protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to examples. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art. Various embodiments may be replaced or combined, and other embodiments may be obtained according to the embodiments without creative efforts for those skilled in the art.
In order to solve the problems of pressure energy utilization and cold energy utilization accompanying depressurization power generation, the invention provides a natural gas pressure energy and chemical energy efficient utilization device and method based on a gas field station.
The efficient utilization process of natural gas pressure energy and chemical energy based on a gas field station is one of key technologies in a pipeline natural gas pressure energy recovery technology, and main equipment of the efficient utilization process is differential pressure power generation equipment and a natural gas fuel cell, is installed between upstream incoming gas and downstream gas transmission and is connected with original pressure regulating equipment of the gas field station in parallel. The proposal in the scheme utilizes the pressure energy of the natural gas to generate electricity through the pressure difference generating device, the cold energy recovery system is utilized to recover the cold energy of the low-temperature natural gas after the electricity generation, the natural gas fuel cell can utilize the chemical energy of the natural gas after the pressure reduction to generate electricity, the hot tail gas generated after the electricity generation of the natural gas fuel cell can heat the expanded natural gas, and the natural gas after the expansion and the temperature reduction can be conveyed to the natural gas fuel cell and a downstream pipeline. In conclusion, the invention provides a process scheme for efficiently utilizing the pressure energy and the chemical energy of natural gas based on a gas field station, and the gas field station is combined with a natural gas fuel cell through a differential pressure power generation technology, so that the natural gas is efficiently utilized, and meanwhile, the energy conservation and the environmental protection are realized.
The utility model provides a high-efficient recovery unit of pipeline natural gas pressure energy and chemical energy, includes:
the natural gas pipeline 1 is connected with the upstream natural gas 2 and used for conveying natural gas;
the pressure difference power generation device generates power by utilizing the pressure difference of natural gas;
a refrigerant 5 is arranged in the first heat exchanger 4 and is used for exchanging heat with the low-temperature natural gas generated by the differential pressure generating device;
a natural gas fuel cell 6; generating power by using the chemical energy of the depressurized natural gas;
the second heat exchanger 7 is used for exchanging heat between the low-temperature natural gas and the hot tail gas 8 generated by the natural gas fuel cell 6 after power generation; the natural gas pipeline 1 is respectively communicated with the natural gas fuel cell 6 and the downstream natural gas 9 after passing through the second heat exchanger 7.
The gas field station combines a differential pressure power generation technology with a natural gas fuel cell, so that the natural gas is efficiently utilized, and meanwhile, the energy conservation and the environmental protection are realized.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the present invention further comprises a control system 10, wherein the control system 10 is used for controlling the flow rate and the cut-off of the natural gas in the natural gas pipeline 1. The control system of the invention can carry out scheduling control according to the data feedback of the flowmeter, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor. The following three control logics were run: when the temperature of the natural gas after the pressure difference power generation is subjected to two times of heat exchange is lower, the amount of hot tail gas can be increased by increasing the amount of the natural gas at the inlet of the natural gas fuel cell; when the temperature of the natural gas after the pressure difference power generation is carried out twice heat exchange is higher, the amount of the hot tail gas can be reduced by reducing the amount of the natural gas at the inlet of the natural gas fuel cell; when the parallel connection fails, the emergency cut-off valve is started, and only the original pressure regulating equipment of the gas field station is operated, so that downstream gas utilization is guaranteed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the system further comprises a gas-liquid separation device 11, wherein the gas-liquid separation device 11 is configured to perform gas-liquid separation on the hot tail gas 8 passing through the second heat exchanger 7 to obtain carbon dioxide and water;
in some embodiments of the present invention, the gas-liquid separation device further comprises a water storage tank 12 and a carbon dioxide recovery device 13 connected to the gas-liquid separation device 11 for storing water and carbon dioxide, respectively, wherein the carbon dioxide recovery device 13 is provided with a waste gas discharge port 15. By connecting the carbon dioxide recovery device, the net zero emission of carbon dioxide can be realized. The energy storage device and the carbon dioxide recovery device in the process can be installed according to local conditions according to the specific conditions of the gas field station.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the water storage tank 12 is connected to the natural gas fuel cell 6.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the present invention further comprises an energy storage device 14, and the energy storage device 14 is connected to the differential pressure power generation device and the natural gas fuel cell 6 respectively, and is used for storing electric energy.
Here, it is to be noted that: the pressure difference power generation equipment can convert the pressure energy of the natural gas into electric energy, and the generated low-temperature natural gas can exchange heat with the refrigerant through the first heat exchanger to realize cooling. The natural gas fuel cell can generate electricity by utilizing chemical energy of natural gas after pressure reduction, and the pressure difference generating equipment and the natural gas fuel cell are converged into the energy storage module after generating electricity. The hot tail gas generated after the power generation of the natural gas fuel cell can heat the expanded natural gas in the second heat exchanger, so that the expanded and cooled natural gas can be conveyed to the natural gas fuel cell and a downstream pipeline. The hot tail gas after heat exchange is separated into carbon dioxide and water through the gas-liquid separator, the carbon dioxide can be recovered and stored by the carbon dioxide recovery device, and the water can be stored by the water storage tank and provided for the reforming reaction of natural gas, so that the cyclic utilization of the water is realized.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the natural gas pipeline 1 is provided with a shut-off valve, a check valve, a flow regulating valve and a flow meter.
In some embodiments, the pipe of the source station is provided with a filter 16, a first flow meter 17, a first stop valve 18, a first pressure regulating device 19 and a first check valve 20 in sequence from upstream to downstream.
In some embodiments, the device is connected to the pressure regulating device of the original station in parallel, and a second stop valve 21, an emergency cut-off valve 22, a first flow regulating valve 23 and a second flow meter 24 are sequentially arranged on the natural gas pipeline 1 of the device from upstream to the expansion machine 3; a third stop valve 25, a fourth stop valve 27, a second flow regulating valve 28, a second pressure regulating device 29 and a third flowmeter 30 are sequentially arranged between the second heat exchanger and the natural gas fuel cell; the natural gas line between the third stop valve 25 and the fourth stop valve 27 is connected to downstream natural gas, and a second check valve 26 is provided on the connected line. These flow meters and valves are controlled by a control system.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure difference power generation device comprises an expander 3, and the expander 3 is a turbine expander, a screw expander or a turbine expander.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the natural gas fuel cell 6 is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, or a solid oxide fuel cell.
A method for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas is completed by adopting the device; the device is connected with the original pressure regulating equipment of the natural gas station in parallel;
the natural gas at the upstream passes through the pressure difference power generation device and then exchanges heat through the first heat exchanger to provide cold energy, the natural gas passes through the first heat exchanger and then is heated through the second heat exchanger to reach the natural gas fuel cell, and hot tail gas generated by the natural gas fuel cell after power generation passes through the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the natural gas and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation to respectively collect water and carbon dioxide; the pressure difference power generation device and the natural gas fuel cell are connected with the energy storage device to store electric energy, and water is recycled and used for reforming natural gas; the control system is used for controlling the flow and the cut-off of the natural gas in the natural gas pipeline.
The invention realizes the high-efficiency recovery function of the pressure energy of the natural gas and the chemical energy of the natural gas in the pipeline by combining the differential pressure power generation technology with the natural gas fuel cell.
The device is of a bypass type, is connected between upstream incoming gas and downstream gas transmission, is connected with the original pressure regulating equipment of the gas field station in parallel, and preferentially selects to operate differential pressure power generation equipment.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient recovery unit of pipeline natural gas pressure energy and chemical energy which characterized in that includes:
the natural gas pipeline is connected with the upstream natural gas and used for conveying the natural gas;
the pressure difference power generation device generates power by utilizing the pressure difference of natural gas;
the first heat exchanger is internally provided with a refrigerant and is used for exchanging heat with the low-temperature natural gas generated by the differential pressure generating device;
a natural gas fuel cell; generating power by using the chemical energy of the depressurized natural gas;
the second heat exchanger is used for heat exchange of the low-temperature natural gas and the hot tail gas generated after the natural gas fuel cell generates electricity; and the natural gas pipeline is respectively communicated with the natural gas fuel cell and downstream natural gas after passing through the second heat exchanger.
2. The apparatus for efficient recovery of pipeline natural gas from pressure energy and chemical energy as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a control system for controlling the flow and shutoff of natural gas in the natural gas pipeline.
3. The efficient recovery device for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising a gas-liquid separation device, wherein the gas-liquid separation device is used for performing gas-liquid separation on the hot tail gas passing through the second heat exchanger to obtain carbon dioxide and water.
4. The device for recovering the pressure energy and the chemical energy of the pipeline natural gas efficiently as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a water storage tank and a carbon dioxide recovery device connected to the gas-liquid separation device for storing water and carbon dioxide, respectively, wherein the carbon dioxide recovery device is provided with a waste gas discharge port.
5. The apparatus for recovering pipeline natural gas pressure energy and chemical energy efficiently as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water storage tank is connected to the natural gas fuel cell.
6. The efficient recovery device for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising an energy storage device, wherein the energy storage device is respectively connected with the differential pressure power generation device and the natural gas fuel cell and is used for storing electric energy.
7. The efficient recovery device for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas according to claim 1, wherein the natural gas pipeline is provided with a stop valve, a check valve, a flow regulating valve and a flowmeter.
8. The apparatus for recovering pipeline natural gas pressure energy and chemical energy efficiently as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure difference power generation apparatus comprises an expander, and the expander is a turbo expander, a screw expander or a turbo expander.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the natural gas fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell.
10. A method for efficiently recovering pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas, which is characterized by comprising the steps of using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; the device is connected with the original pressure regulating equipment of the natural gas station in parallel;
the natural gas at the upstream passes through the pressure difference power generation device and then exchanges heat through the first heat exchanger to provide cold energy, the natural gas passes through the first heat exchanger and then is heated through the second heat exchanger to reach the natural gas fuel cell, and hot tail gas generated by the natural gas fuel cell after power generation passes through the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the natural gas and then is subjected to gas-liquid separation to respectively collect water and carbon dioxide; the pressure difference power generation device and the natural gas fuel cell are connected with the energy storage device to store electric energy, and water is recycled and used for reforming natural gas; the control system is used for controlling the flow and the cut-off of the natural gas in the natural gas pipeline.
CN202111181420.0A 2021-10-11 2021-10-11 Efficient recovery device and method for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas Pending CN114046187A (en)

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CN202111181420.0A CN114046187A (en) 2021-10-11 2021-10-11 Efficient recovery device and method for pressure energy and chemical energy of pipeline natural gas

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001232394A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-28 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Water treatment equipment for fuel cell
CN101015083A (en) * 2004-09-06 2007-08-08 索尼株式会社 Fuel cell power generating equipment driving method and fuel cell power generating equipment
CN104863645A (en) * 2015-05-30 2015-08-26 上海电力学院 Efficient pipe network natural gas pressure energy and cold energy recycling and utilization system
CN106593651A (en) * 2017-01-16 2017-04-26 碧海舟(北京)节能环保装备有限公司 Natural gas pipeline differential pressure fuel-cell power generation system
CN110185506A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-30 西南石油大学 A kind of natural gas pressure regulating station pressure energy utilization system
CN113279832A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-08-20 大连海事大学 System and method for waste heat utilization and LNG cold energy recovery of dual-fuel ship host with SOFC

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001232394A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-28 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Water treatment equipment for fuel cell
CN101015083A (en) * 2004-09-06 2007-08-08 索尼株式会社 Fuel cell power generating equipment driving method and fuel cell power generating equipment
CN104863645A (en) * 2015-05-30 2015-08-26 上海电力学院 Efficient pipe network natural gas pressure energy and cold energy recycling and utilization system
CN106593651A (en) * 2017-01-16 2017-04-26 碧海舟(北京)节能环保装备有限公司 Natural gas pipeline differential pressure fuel-cell power generation system
CN110185506A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-30 西南石油大学 A kind of natural gas pressure regulating station pressure energy utilization system
CN113279832A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-08-20 大连海事大学 System and method for waste heat utilization and LNG cold energy recovery of dual-fuel ship host with SOFC

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