CN114034554A - Model device and method for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physical field and rigidity state - Google Patents
Model device and method for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physical field and rigidity state Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034554A CN114034554A CN202111075312.5A CN202111075312A CN114034554A CN 114034554 A CN114034554 A CN 114034554A CN 202111075312 A CN202111075312 A CN 202111075312A CN 114034554 A CN114034554 A CN 114034554A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
Abstract
The invention discloses a model device and a method for monitoring soil multi-physical field and rigidity state in real time, which solve the problem of lower accuracy of relevant data of roadbed soil in the prior art, and have the beneficial effect of effectively acquiring the change rule of shear wave velocity of soil, and the specific scheme is as follows: the model device for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body in real time comprises a support frame, wherein the bottom end of the support frame is provided with a base, the top end of the support frame is provided with a counter-force beam and a sliding beam, the sliding beam is arranged below the counter-force beam, and the sliding beam is connected with a bearing plate; the fixed end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the counter-force beam, and the movable end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the sliding beam; the sample filling model box is arranged on the inner side of the support frame and is supported by the base, roadbed soil is filled in the sample filling model box, and the size of the bearing plate is matched with the size of the interior of the sample filling model box; the soil sampler can be detachably connected with the bearing plate; the excitation probe is provided with a second bending element and can be detachably connected with the bearing plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a model device and a method for monitoring soil multi-physical field and rigidity state in real time.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The roadbed is an important component of a highway line and is used for bearing the moving load of automobiles and the load of an upper structure. The detection of the compaction state of the highway subgrade mainly comprises measuring the compaction degree by a sand filling method, and the highway subgrade needs to be excavated, so that the process is complex and the efficiency is low.
The shear wave velocity of the soil body is closely related to the pore ratio, the water content and the stress state, so the compaction level of the soil body can be inversely calculated by testing the shear wave velocity and the physical state of the soil body. The current bending element can be used for detecting the shear wave velocity of the soil body, and the rapid detection of the compaction degree of the roadbed can be realized by an indoor calibration method. However, the shear wave velocity of the existing device and the detection device capable of reflecting the physical state of the soil body are separately carried out, organic unification is not carried out, and accurate judgment on the state of the soil body of the roadbed can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a model device and a method for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of a soil body in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a model device for soil body multi-physics field and rigidity state real-time supervision includes:
the bottom end of the support frame is provided with a base, the top end of the support frame is provided with a counter-force beam and a sliding beam, the sliding beam is arranged below the counter-force beam, and the sliding beam is connected with the bearing plate;
the fixed end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the counter-force beam, and the movable end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the sliding beam;
the first bending element supports a sensor for acquiring roadbed soil physical field information and at least one pair of first bending elements capable of transmitting and receiving shear waves through the sample filling model box;
the soil sampler can be detachably connected with the bearing plate so as to be driven by the bearing plate to penetrate into roadbed soil in the filling model box to realize soil sampling;
excitation probe, width or external diameter are less than or equal to geotome's width or external diameter, and excitation probe sets up the second bending element, and excitation probe can be dismantled with the loading board and be connected to in the roadbed soil of penetration sample filling model case under the drive of loading board, launch the shear wave through the second bending element.
According to the testing device, the soil sampler can not only take out the roadbed soil in the filling model box to reflect the physical state of the roadbed soil, but also form an opening for arranging the excitation probe in the roadbed soil; the shear wave can be transmitted through the second bending element in the excitation probe, the first bending element arranged in the sample filling model box can receive the shear wave, so that the shear wave speed of the soil body can be obtained, in the process that the excitation probe enters the hole, the physical information of roadbed soil in the sample filling model box can be obtained through the sensor, and related information can be obtained in the same device.
The model device for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body in real time comprises a soil humidity sensor and/or a soil pressure sensor, so that the humidity state and/or the stress state of the roadbed soil can be obtained;
along the direction of height of filling out the appearance model case, in order to avoid the influence of sensor to first bending element work, first bending element and sensor interval installation in proper order.
According to the model device for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil in real time, in order to analyze the physical state of each layer of soil, the sensors are installed in the filling model box in a layered mode;
the first bending elements form a bending element array with a plurality of rows and two columns, and a connecting line where the sensors arranged at the same height are located is spatially intersected with a connecting line of two first bending elements arranged at the other height.
In order to embed the first bending element in the filling model box in advance, the first bending element is packaged at the end part of the bolt, the bolt is installed in the filling model box through the nut, and meanwhile, the first bending element arranged at the end part of the bolt is positioned at the inner side of the filling model box; and one end of each sensor is fixed on the side wall of the sample filling model box, and the measuring end of each sensor is buried in the roadbed soil.
According to the model device for monitoring the soil body multi-physical field and the rigidity state in real time, the soil sampler can be detachably connected with the end part horizontal plate or the soil sampler connecting rod, the soil sampler comprises the soil sampling pipe, the inner part and one end of the soil sampling pipe are arranged in a hollow mode, the hollow end of the soil sampling pipe is arranged to be an inclined plane, and the inclined plane end is convenient for the soil sampling pipe to enter roadbed soil under the action of the load applying mechanism;
the end horizontal plate is detachably connected with the bearing plate;
the geotome connecting rod includes many, and two adjacent geotome connecting rods can realize dismantling the connection for the geotome can enter into to the different degree of depth position department of filling out appearance model case.
The model device for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body in real time comprises a body, wherein one end of the body is an inclined end, the other end of the body can be detachably connected with an end horizontal plate or a probe connecting rod, and the side part of the body is provided with a second bending element;
the end horizontal plate is detachably connected with the bearing plate;
the probe connecting rod includes many, and two adjacent probe connecting rods can realize dismantling the connection.
According to the model device for monitoring the soil body multi-physical field and the rigidity state in real time, the body is respectively fixed with the soil cutting protection plates on two sides of the second bending element, the soil cutting protection plates on two sides of the second bending element are oppositely arranged, the distance between the soil cutting protection plates and the second bending element is set at a set interval, and the excitation probe can be conveniently cut into the soil body or taken out of the soil body through the setting of the soil cutting protection plates.
According to the model device for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body in real time, the sliding beam is connected with the bearing plate through the dowel bar, and the force measuring component is arranged between the sliding beam and the dowel bar;
and a displacement sensor for measuring the displacement of the bearing plate is arranged at the top end of the sample filling model box.
According to the model device for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body in real time, the two sides of the base of the support frame are respectively provided with the vertical supports, the reaction beam is fixedly connected through the vertical supports, the inner sides of the vertical supports are provided with the side limiting slide ways for the sliding beam to move, and the reaction beam and the sliding beam are fixed with the elastic parts on the peripheral side of the load applying mechanism;
and a limiting cross beam is connected between the vertical supports at the two sides and can limit the highest position of the bearing plate, and the bearing plate is positioned below the limiting cross beam.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a use method of the model device for real-time monitoring of the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
filling roadbed soil into a filling model box layer by layer, and embedding a sensor for measuring roadbed soil physical field information at a set position in the roadbed soil filling process;
applying a load to the surface of the roadbed soil through a load applying mechanism;
acquiring physical field information of roadbed soil through a sensor;
the bending element on one side of the sample filling model box is used as an excitation section, and the other end of the sample filling model box is used as a receiving end, so that the shear wave velocity of the soil body under different stress states and/or humidity states and/or compaction states can be realized;
and/or, in order to further simulate the actual situation that the field bending element penetrates into the roadbed filling, the wave velocity test is carried out after the filling is pre-perforated:
connecting the soil sampler with the bearing plate;
the load applying mechanism applies load to the sliding cross beam, so as to drive the soil sampler to penetrate into roadbed soil in the sample filling model box, soil is sampled through the soil sampler, and the load applying mechanism moves reversely to drive the soil sampler to take out a soil sample;
removing the soil sampler, and forming an opening in the roadbed soil;
connecting the bearing plate with the excitation probe, applying a load to the sliding beam by the load applying mechanism so as to drive the excitation probe to enter the opening, emitting shear waves by a second bending element on the side part of the excitation probe, receiving the shear waves by a first bending element at the sample filling model box, further obtaining the shear wave speed of the soil body, and obtaining the compaction state of the roadbed soil; meanwhile, in the process of exciting the probe to enter the roadbed soil, the physical field information of the roadbed soil is obtained through the sensor;
and obtaining the relation between the soil shear wave velocity and the soil physical information through the information obtained by the sensor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) according to the invention, through the arrangement of the testing device, soil can be taken from the roadbed soil of the filling model box and the opening is formed, the excitation probe is arranged through the opening, and the filling model box is provided with the sensor for acquiring physical information of the soil body, so that a test basis is provided for researching the relevance of the shear wave speed and the soil body compaction degree, the stress state and the water containing state, and more accurate theoretical support is provided for roadbed field shear wave speed detection and reflection of the physical state and the compaction effect of the soil body.
2) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the soil sampler, the soil sample in the roadbed is taken out through the soil sampler, and the soil sample can reflect the physical state of the soil body; and the geotome can directly be connected with tip horizontal plate or geotome connecting rod, can realize the different degree of depth department that the geotome got into the roadbed soil like this, realizes the layering and takes out original state soil.
3) According to the invention, the excitation probe is provided with the second bending element, and the embedded first bending element is arranged in the sample filling model box, so that the shear wave can be transmitted and received, and the shear wave speed can be further obtained; the excitation probe body can be detachably connected with the end part level or the probe connecting rod, so that the excitation probe can enter different depths of roadbed soil, layered test of shear wave velocity is realized, and the excitation probe can be used for researching the change rule of the shear wave velocity of a soil body along the depth direction.
4) According to the invention, the humidity state and/or the stress state and/or the water-containing state of the roadbed soil can be obtained through the arrangement of the humidity sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the pore water pressure gauge, and the sensor and the first bending element are arranged at different heights, so that the influence of the sensor on the receiving of shear waves can be avoided; meanwhile, the sensors are arranged at different heights, so that physical information of different depths of the soil body can be conveniently acquired.
5) According to the invention, the displacement sensor is arranged at the top end of the sample filling model box, in the loading process, the probe of the displacement sensor is in contact with the upper surface of the bearing plate, and the change condition of the overall compactness of the soil body can be reflected through the change of the displacement of the bearing plate; and the displacement sensor is matched with the force measuring part, so that the resilience modulus of the soil body can be obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at I in FIG. 1, showing a detail view of a first bending element of the prototype filled mold box installation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a cross section sensor and a first bending element of a filling model box;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an end horizontal plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a coupling nut;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a geotome connecting rod;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a geotome;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a probe connector rod;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an excitation probe;
figure 10 is a schematic view of a rigid kit.
In the figure, 1, a spring, 2, a side limiting slideway, 3, a counterforce crossbeam, 4, a jack, 5, a sliding crossbeam, 6, a force measuring ring, 7, a dowel bar, 8, a limiting crossbeam, 9, a bearing plate, 10, an LVDT displacement sensor, 11, a first bending element, 1101, a bolt, 1102, a rubber gasket, 1103, a nut, 1104, a first bending element, 12, a vertical support, 13, a filling model box, 14, a base, 15, a soil humidity sensor, 16, a soil pressure sensor, 17, an end horizontal plate, 18, a connecting nut, 19, an earth sampler connecting rod, 20, an earth sampler, 21, a probe connecting rod, 22, an excitation probe, 2201, an upper triangular earth cutting protection slice, 2202, a second bending element, 2203, a lower triangular earth cutting protection slice, 23 and a rigid sleeve.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As introduced in the background art, the problem that the shear wave velocity and the physical information of the soil body are independently obtained through different test devices exists in the prior art, and in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a model device and a method for monitoring the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body in real time.
Example one
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a model device for real-time monitoring of multiple physical fields and stiffness states of a soil body includes a support frame, a filling model box, a load applying mechanism, a soil sampler and an excitation probe;
the bottom end of the support frame is provided with a base, the top end of the support frame is provided with a counter-force beam and a sliding beam, the sliding beam is arranged below the counter-force beam, the sliding beam is connected with the bearing plate, and the support frame is used as a counter-force frame and can convert axial stress into internal force of a system, so that the loading-unloading process is reliable and stable;
the fixed end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the counter-force beam, and the movable end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the sliding beam;
the sample filling model box is arranged on the inner side of the support frame and supported by the base, roadbed soil is filled in the sample filling model box, the size of the bearing plate is matched with the size of the interior of the sample filling model box, and the first bending element supports a sensor for acquiring roadbed soil physical field information and a first bending element capable of transmitting and receiving shear waves through the sample filling model box;
the soil sampler can be detachably connected with the bearing plate so as to be driven by the bearing plate to penetrate into roadbed soil in the filling model box to realize soil sampling;
excitation probe, width or external diameter are less than or equal to geotome's width or external diameter, and excitation probe sets up the second bending element, and excitation probe can be dismantled with the loading board and be connected to in the roadbed soil of penetration sample filling model case under the drive of loading board, launch the shear wave through the second bending element.
The sample filling model box 13 is provided with a sample filling cavity capable of filling roadbed soil, and a plurality of humidity sensors 15, soil pressure sensors 16 and a bending element array are embedded in the sample filling cavity in a layered mode. The humidity sensor 15 is used for monitoring the water content condition of each layer of roadbed soil in the sample filling cavity; the soil pressure sensor 16 is used for detecting the stress of each layer of roadbed soil in the sample filling cavity; the bending element array comprises a plurality of first bending elements 11, and the propagation speed of shear waves in the soil body (the shear wave speed of the soil body) can be tested through a pair of oppositely arranged first bending elements, so that the shear modulus of the soil body is reflected.
It should be explained that the first bending element and the second bending element are both existing piezoelectric ceramic bending elements which can convert electrical signals and vibration mechanical signals into each other, and one of the pair of piezoelectric ceramic bending elements is used for generating shear waves and the other is used for receiving the shear waves, so that the measurement of the shear wave speed is realized.
Meanwhile, the first bending element in the bending element array and the second bending element in the excitation probe can form a pair of bending elements, so that the wave velocity test after hole pre-forming is realized.
In order to realize the installation of the humidity sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the first bending element, a plurality of installation holes are formed in the side wall of the sample filling model box and are arranged in a layered mode, a plurality of installation holes in each layer are uniformly arranged around the periphery of the sample filling model box, and a set distance is arranged between every two adjacent installation holes at intervals.
Specifically, the sample filling model box is provided with a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns of first bending elements, an 8 x 2 bending element array can be formed, and the two columns of bending element arrays are symmetrically arranged; the array of bending elements must ensure that the excitation end and the receiving end of each group are at a uniform horizontal height, and the first bending element should be placed completely vertically to ensure that a higher quality shear wave is generated and received.
And for the installation of the single bending element, a pre-buried mode is adopted. The side wall of the filling model box is drilled with a set diameter, and as shown in fig. 2, a soft rubber gasket 1102 matched with the inner diameter of the drilled hole is sleeved outside a nut 1103 with a set size, so that the excitation wave of the bending element can be prevented from being transmitted through the model box, and a female head with threads is formed at the mounting hole of the side wall of the filling model box through the nut.
The first bending element 1104 is encapsulated in the bolt 1101 with epoxy glue, and the bolt is then screwed into the nut 1103 in its entirety. And after the head of the packaging bolt is contacted with the outer wall of the sample filling model box, the packaging bolt is reversely rotated until the first bending element is in a vertical state, and then the packaging bolt stops rotating, and epoxy resin glue is used for filling and solidifying the mounting holes corresponding to the bolt 1101 and the sample filling model box.
Correspondingly, the mounting holes of the sensors and the sample filling model box are filled with epoxy resin glue.
It is easy to understand that the extension length of the first bending element 1104 can be accurately measured by using a measuring ruler such as a vernier caliper, the propagation distance of the shear wave can be obtained by subtracting the sum of the extension lengths of the two first bending elements 1104 from the inner diameter of the sample filling model box, and the shear wave velocity can be obtained by the propagation distance of the shear wave and the propagation time of the shear wave (the propagation time of the shear wave is determined by using a time-domain initial arrival method).
It should be explained that the shear wave is affected by the moisture state and pressure of the soil, and meanwhile, in order to avoid the interference of the sensors at the same level to the transmission of the shear wave, a moisture sensor 15 and a soil pressure sensor 16 are arranged between two adjacent layers of bending elements 11. Referring to fig. 3, the connecting line of two bending elements in two rows of bending elements 11 is orthogonal to the connecting line of the humidity sensor 15 and the soil pressure sensor 16 in the adjacent layer.
Of course, the sample filling model box is filled with roadbed soil except the arranged sensor and the bending element array, and the measuring end of the sensor and the first bending element are both embedded in the roadbed soil.
Axial load can be applied to soil in the filling model box through an axial load applying unit such as a jack 4, so that the influence of different stress conditions on shear wave speeds at different depths is researched.
In the embodiment, under the action of the top counter-force beam 3, the jack 4 can push the sliding beam 5 to move downwards along the side limit slideway 2, so that static pressure is applied to filled soil by the bearing plate 9 through the dowel bar 7, a force measuring component is arranged between the sliding beam and the dowel bar, the force measuring component can be a force measuring ring 6, the force measuring ring is used for controlling or recording the value of applied pressure, and under the action of the jack, the dowel bar and the bearing plate are used for applying vertical pressure to the soil of the filling model box; the load can be obtained through the force measuring ring 6, and the applied load can be controlled conveniently.
Further, the support frame includes the base, fills out the appearance model case and passes through the base support, because in order to guarantee to exert axial pressure after whole system stable, the base selects thicker rigidity base 14, this base and both sides reaction frame vertical braces 12 rigid coupling, and then connects the counter-force crossbeam 3 at top to axial pressure to filling out the appearance model case converts the internal force of whole device system into, thereby guarantees overall structure's stability.
The inner side of the vertical support 12 is provided with a side limit slideway 2 for the sliding beam to move, elastic parts are fixed on the periphery of the load applying mechanism by the counter-force beam and the sliding beam, the elastic parts are springs, and the load applying mechanism applies upward tension to the beam and the lower structure by the two springs; the load applying mechanism can also realize unloading, so that after the load applying mechanism unloads, the spring tension can enable the jack to return oil rapidly and drive the bearing plate to reset.
For guaranteeing load application mechanism vertical migration, except that the both sides of reaction frame vertical braces 12 set up the side limit slide 2, reaction frame vertical braces 12 still sets up two-layer interval and sets for the horizontal spacing crossbeam 8 of distance, horizontal spacing crossbeam 8 is located sliding beam's below, horizontal spacing crossbeam 8 sets up the spacing hole of level, dowel steel 7 passes the setting from the spacing hole of level, and in close contact with between inboard and the dowel steel 7 in the spacing hole of level, guarantee smooth slip through scribbling lubricating oil, can guarantee the downward transmission of perpendicular direction of pressure like this.
Furthermore, springs are fixed between the counter-force beam 3 and the sliding beam 5, the number of the springs can be two, and the jacks 4 can be unloaded after the static load application test is completed. The spring 1 can apply upward pulling force to quickly reset the whole loading structure to finish unloading.
In addition, a displacement sensor such as an LVDT sensor is arranged at the top of the sample filling model box, the soil body in the sample filling model box is subjected to axial load and then generates compression deformation, and the LVDT sensor 10 at the top of the sample filling model box can measure the displacement value of the bearing plate and also can measure the rebound deformation value when the bearing plate is unloaded but still contacts with the soil body.
In addition, the displacement acquired by the displacement sensor and the force measuring ring acquire the acting force of the load applying mechanism on the roadbed soil, and the integral resilience modulus of the soil body can be acquired.
Referring to fig. 7, the soil sampler 20 includes a soil sampling pipe, one end of the soil sampling pipe is provided with a threaded end, the other end is provided with an inclined plane, the soil sampler is arranged in a hollow manner inside the soil sampler, the soil sampler can conveniently enter roadbed soil to take soil, the threaded end of the soil sampler can be detachably connected with an end horizontal plate or a soil sampler connecting rod, the soil sampler connecting rod can be provided with multiple sections, and therefore the soil sampler 20 can be inserted into a soil body layer by layer and take out undisturbed soil.
The excitation probe 22 can be implanted into a preset position for taking soil and taking a hole, and forms a new bending element pair with the first bending element 11 on one side of the filling model box, so that the shear wave speed is tested.
Specifically, excitation probe 22 includes the columniform body, and the one end setting of body can be dismantled the screw thread end of being connected with tip horizontal plate or probe connecting rod, and the body other end sets up to the protection end of toper soil cutting.
The body is a hollow round pipe or a solid round pipe, the optimal outer diameter of the body is equal to that of the soil sampler, and the probe can be conveniently excited to enter the hole of the soil sampler after leaving roadbed soil.
Referring to fig. 9, a second bending element 2202 is arranged on one side of the body, and triangular soil cutting protection slices are respectively arranged on two sides of the second bending element 2202, so that when the excitation probe 22 moves downwards, the triangular soil cutting protection slice 2203 on the lower side can cut soil on the sidewall of the pre-formed hole, and the second bending element 2202 is embedded into soil along the groove. The thickness of the second bending element 2202 is larger than that of the lower triangular soil cutting protection slice 2203, so that the second bending element can be ensured to be in close contact with the soil body. When moving upwards, the upper triangular soil-cutting protection slice 2201 can protect the bending element 2202 from moving out of the soil body smoothly.
It should be noted that, for the convenience of identification, as shown in fig. 6, the geotome connecting rod is used for connecting with the geotome, as shown in fig. 8, the probe connecting rod is used for connecting with the excitation probe, and the arrangement of the geotome connecting rod and the probe connecting rod can ensure the vertical transmission of the load; the diameter of the soil sampler connecting rod is smaller than that of the probe connecting rod.
In addition, referring to fig. 4, a fixing nut is arranged in the middle of one side of the end horizontal plate; two ends of the soil sampler connecting rod and the probe connecting rod are respectively provided with a threaded end, so that one end of each connecting rod can be detachably connected with an end horizontal plate 17 or another soil sampler connecting rod or probe connecting rod through a connecting nut 18 (shown in figure 5), and the other end can be detachably connected with another soil sampler connecting rod or probe connecting rod or an excitation probe through a connecting nut.
Furthermore, in the process of penetrating the soil sampler, the penetration process is ensured to be vertical. Thus, the upper surface of the end horizontal plate 17 is brought into close contact with the lower surface of the load applying mechanism carrier plate 9, as shown in FIG. 5, and then the end horizontal plate 17 is brought into close engagement with the carrier plate 9 using two symmetrical rigid sleeves 23.
Specifically, referring to fig. 10, the rigid sleeve may be a semicircle with a predetermined height, and the rigid sleeve is hollow inside and at one side, so as to sleeve the bearing plate with the horizontal plate at the end through the hollow.
The load applying mechanism is generally used in the prior art, for example, in this embodiment, the load applying mechanism is a jack and a loading plate, and the loading plate can be driven by other driving methods, such as: the cylinder or the hydraulic cylinder or the motor is adopted to drive the transmission mechanism so as to drive the loading plate to load or unload.
The use method of the model device for monitoring the soil multi-physical field and the rigidity state in real time by using the first bending element, the second bending element and the first bending element comprises the following steps:
packaging the piezoelectric ceramic bending element to the end part of the bolt by using epoxy resin glue, screwing the bolt into a nut on the side wall of the sample filling model box, and then packaging and fixing by using the epoxy resin glue;
filling roadbed filling into a filling model box layer by layer, compacting to a target compaction degree, and embedding a sensor for measuring roadbed soil physical field information at a set layer in the filling process;
applying load to the surface of the filled soil through a jack, and controlling the load through a force measuring ring;
after the bearing plate is tightly contacted with the filling soil, the LVDT displacement sensor is connected to the upper surface of the bearing plate and used for monitoring the integral deformation condition of the filling soil under different stress conditions;
acquiring physical field information of the roadbed soil through each sensor;
taking a bending element at one side of a sample filling model box as an excitation end and another bending element at the same height as a receiving end, and obtaining the shear wave velocity of the soil body under different stress states, humidity states and compaction states through tests;
in order to further simulate the actual situation that the on-site bending element penetrates into the roadbed filling, the wave velocity test is carried out after the filling pre-hole:
the soil sampler 20 is first screwed into the nut below the end horizontal plate 17, and the end horizontal plate 17 and the bearing plate 9 are fixed by the rigid sleeve 23. And the jack 4 is loaded to realize the penetration of the soil body in the filling model box. After the penetration is completed and the jack 4 is unloaded, the structure below the jack 4 will move upwards under the traction of the return spring 1. The rigid sleeve 23 transmits upward pulling force to the end horizontal plate 17, so that the soil sampler 20 is pulled out from the penetrated soil body, and undisturbed soil sampling is completed.
Wherein, can control the position in borrowing soil layer through changing the quantity of borrowing subassembly connecting rod 19, two adjacent borrowing subassembly are connected 19 and are connected by coupling nut 18.
When the shear wave excitation in the hole is performed, the excitation probe 22 is firstly screwed into the nut below the end horizontal plate 17, and then the rigid sleeve 23 is fixed on the end horizontal plate 17 and the bearing plate 9. Loading the jack 4 moves the excitation probe 22 to a predetermined level corresponding to the first bending element of the side wall of the filling pattern. The shear wave is generated by connecting the signal cable of the second bending element 2202. After the jack 4 is unloaded, the structure below the jack 4 will move upwards under the traction of the return spring 1. The rigid sleeve 23 transmits upward pulling force to the end horizontal plate 17, so that the excitation probe 22 is pulled out from the preformed hole, and undisturbed soil sampling is completed.
Likewise, the position of the second bent element 2202 can be controlled to be activated by varying the number of the soil sampling assembly connecting rods 19, which are connected by the connecting nut 18.
In the use process, the vertical central lines of the soil sampler and the excitation probe are kept consistent with the central line of the sample filling model box as much as possible, so that the shear wave propagation distance can be accurately determined.
Example two
Of course, in this embodiment, the arrangement of the sensors and the bending elements in the sample filling model box may also be different from the first embodiment, and the number of the bending element arrays and the layer position and the type of the soil physical state sensor, such as a pore water pressure gauge, may be adjusted according to actual requirements.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A model device for soil body multi-physics field and rigidity state real-time supervision, its characterized in that includes:
the bottom end of the support frame is provided with a base, the top end of the support frame is provided with a counter-force beam and a sliding beam, the sliding beam is arranged below the counter-force beam, and the sliding beam is connected with the bearing plate;
the fixed end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the counter-force beam, and the movable end of the load applying mechanism is connected with the sliding beam;
the sample filling model box is arranged on the inner side of the support frame and supported by the base, roadbed soil is filled in the sample filling model box, the size of the bearing plate is matched with the size of the interior of the sample filling model box, and the sample filling model box supports a sensor for acquiring roadbed soil physical field information and at least one pair of first bending elements capable of transmitting and receiving shear waves;
the soil sampler can be detachably connected with the bearing plate so as to be driven by the bearing plate to penetrate into roadbed soil in the filling model box to realize soil sampling;
excitation probe, width or external diameter are less than or equal to geotome's width or external diameter, and excitation probe sets up the second bending element, and excitation probe can be dismantled with the loading board and be connected to in the roadbed soil of penetration sample filling model case under the drive of loading board, launch the shear wave through the second bending element.
2. The model device for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physical fields and stiffness conditions according to claim 1, wherein the sensors comprise a soil moisture sensor and/or a soil pressure sensor;
along the height direction of filling out the appearance model case, first bending element and sensor are installed at interval in proper order.
3. The model apparatus for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physics fields and stiffness conditions of claim 1 wherein said sensors are mounted in layers to said fill-out model box.
4. The model device for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physics fields and stiffness states as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first bending element is encapsulated at an end of a bolt, the bolt is mounted in a sample filling model box through a nut, and the first bending element arranged at the end of the bolt is located at an inner side of the sample filling model box.
5. The model device for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physics fields and stiffness states as claimed in claim 1, wherein the geotome can be detachably connected with an end horizontal plate or a geotome connecting rod, the geotome comprises a geotome, the interior and one end of the geotome are hollow, and the hollow end of the geotome is an inclined plane;
the end horizontal plate is detachably connected with the bearing plate;
the geotome connecting rod includes many, and two adjacent geotome connecting rods can realize dismantling the connection.
6. The model device for real-time monitoring of the multi-physical field and the stiffness state of the soil body according to claim 1, wherein the excitation probe comprises a body, one end of the body is an inclined end, the other end of the body can be detachably connected with an end horizontal plate or a probe connecting rod, and the second bending element is installed on the side of the body;
the end horizontal plate is detachably connected with the bearing plate;
the probe connecting rod includes many, and two adjacent probe connecting rods can realize dismantling the connection.
7. The model device for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physics fields and stiffness states as claimed in claim 6, wherein the body is fixed with soil cutting protection plates respectively at the upper and lower sides of the second bending element, and the soil cutting protection plates at the two sides of the second bending element are symmetrically arranged.
8. The model device for real-time monitoring of soil multi-physics fields and stiffness states as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding beam is connected to the bearing plate through a dowel bar, and a force measuring component is installed between the sliding beam and the dowel bar;
and a displacement sensor for measuring the displacement of the bearing plate is arranged at the top end of the sample filling model box.
9. The model device for real-time monitoring of multiple physical fields and stiffness states of a soil body according to claim 1, wherein vertical supports are respectively installed on two sides of a base of the support frame, the reaction beam is fixedly connected through the vertical supports, a side-limiting slideway for the sliding beam to move is arranged on the inner side of each vertical support, and elastic parts are fixed on the two sides of the load applying mechanism by the reaction beam and the sliding beam;
and a limiting cross beam is further connected between the vertical supports at the two sides, and the bearing plate is positioned below the limiting cross beam.
10. The use method of the model device for real-time monitoring of the multi-physical field and the rigidity state of the soil body according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
filling roadbed soil into a filling model box layer by layer, and embedding a sensor for measuring roadbed soil physical field information at a set position in the roadbed soil filling process;
applying a load to the surface of the roadbed soil through a load applying mechanism;
acquiring physical field information of roadbed soil through a sensor;
the bending element on one side of the sample filling model box is used as an excitation section, and the other end of the sample filling model box is used as a receiving end, so that the shear wave velocity of the soil body under different stress states and/or humidity states and/or compaction states can be realized;
and/or, in order to further simulate the actual situation that the field bending element penetrates into the roadbed filling, the wave velocity test is carried out after the filling is pre-perforated:
connecting the soil sampler with the bearing plate;
the load applying mechanism applies load to the sliding cross beam, so as to drive the soil sampler to penetrate into roadbed soil in the sample filling model box, soil is sampled through the soil sampler, and the load applying mechanism moves reversely to drive the soil sampler to take out a soil sample;
removing the soil sampler, and forming an opening in the roadbed soil;
the bearing plate is connected with the excitation probe, the load applying mechanism applies load to the sliding beam, the excitation probe is driven to enter the opening, the second bending element on the side of the excitation probe emits shear waves, the first bending element on the sample filling model box receives the shear waves, the shear wave speed is obtained, and the compaction state of the roadbed soil is obtained.
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