CN114018204A - Method for testing skew angle of rolling bearing roller - Google Patents
Method for testing skew angle of rolling bearing roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN114018204A CN114018204A CN202111177831.2A CN202111177831A CN114018204A CN 114018204 A CN114018204 A CN 114018204A CN 202111177831 A CN202111177831 A CN 202111177831A CN 114018204 A CN114018204 A CN 114018204A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/02—Details
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rolling bearing roller skew angle testing method, wherein a testing bearing consists of an inner ring, a roller and an outer ring, at least one pair of strain gauges is arranged on the outer surface of a bearing area of the outer ring, each pair of strain gauges is arranged corresponding to the two ends of the roller and is adhered along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, and the connecting line of the positive centers of the sensitive grids of each pair of strain gauges is parallel to the rotation axis of the testing bearing; simultaneously acquiring strain-time signals generated on the surface of the outer ring by a pair of strain gauges in the contact process of the same roller and the inner surface of the outer ring; and extracting time difference information corresponding to the strain peak values measured by the pair of strain gauges, and converting the skew angle value of the roller by using the revolution speed of the roller. Because the axial grooves are uniformly distributed in the bearing area, the load distribution condition between the test bearing and the test bearing seat is ensured to be the same as that without the axial grooves, and therefore, the bearing is particularly suitable for in-place state monitoring and service life prediction under the condition that the original running state of the bearing is not changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing testing, in particular to a method for testing the skew angle of a rolling bearing roller.
Background
The rolling bearing is an important part of a transmission system of various engineering machinery. The rolling of the roller in the rolling bearing is not ideal, and under the influence of the geometric dimension of the structure, assembly error, deformation of a rotating shaft, load disturbance and the like, the friction between the roller and the inner and outer raceways tends to be in an unbalanced state inevitably, so that the roller (particularly the cylindrical roller) is inclined. In most cases, roller skewing is detrimental to rolling bearing operation because it causes an increase in friction torque, generates more frictional heat, and requires the cage to be strong enough to overcome the torque load generated. Therefore, the method is very necessary for acquiring the skew state of the rolling bearing roller under the actual working condition, and has important significance for monitoring the actual running state of the bearing and evaluating the friction performance of the bearing.
When the roller is skewed, the contact line of the roller and the inner surface of the outer raceway and the rotation axis of the bearing form an included angle which is called the skew angle of the roller. The roll skew angle is small and difficult to measure in real conditions. There are three main ways to test the skew angle of a roller: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, an electric measurement method based on an inductance sensor and a capacitance sensor; secondly, a sound measuring method based on an ultrasonic sensor; and thirdly, a photometric method based on a high-speed camera.
However, most of the existing methods need to modify the bearing itself to some extent or need a large space for arranging the sensor, so that the existing methods are not completely suitable for the roller skew test of the rolling bearing in the in-place state, which restricts the development of the bearing in-place state monitoring and life prediction technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rolling bearing roller skew angle testing method, which can monitor the in-situ state and predict the service life of the rolling bearing roller under the condition of not changing the original running state of the bearing.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for testing the skew angle of roller in bearing region of rolling bearing includes such steps as arranging two strain gauges on the external surface of external ring of bearing along the length direction of roller, collecting the strain-time signals generated by two strain gauges on the external surface of external ring when the roller is in contact with the internal surface of external ring, extracting the time difference information corresponding to the strain peak values measured by two strain gauges, and converting the revolution speed of roller to the skew angle of roller.
Further, the method realizes the skew angle test of the roller at different positions of the bearing region by arranging the strain gauges on the outer surface of the outer ring at different azimuth angles of the bearing region of the rolling bearing.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a strain gauge, selecting a proper strain gauge according to the rotating speed range, the bearing size and the test working condition of the tested rolling bearing, wherein the smaller the sensitive grid size of the strain gauge is, the higher the precision of the tested signal is;
(2) according to the size of the bearing, the number of rollers in a bearing area and a central included angle between adjacent rollers, a plurality of pairs of strain gauges which are the same in number and have the same included angle interval are arranged on the outer surface of an outer ring, each pair of strain gauges is arranged at the position corresponding to two ends of a roller and is adhered along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, the connecting line of the centers of sensitive grids of each pair of strain gauges is ensured to be parallel to the rotation axis of the bearing, and finally the strain gauges are connected with strain acquisition equipment;
(3) according to the number of rollers distributed in a bearing area of a test bearing and a central angle included angle between adjacent rollers, a plurality of axial grooves with the same number and the same included angle interval are processed on the inner surface of a test bearing seat, and the inner surface of the bearing seat corresponding to a non-bearing area is not processed;
(4) assembling the test bearing and the test bearing seat to ensure that the sensitive grid center connecting line of each pair of strain gauges on the outer surface of the outer ring is aligned with the center of the corresponding axial groove on the test bearing seat;
(5) the measured rolling bearing is operated according to the real operation condition, strain-time signals generated on the surface of the outer ring in the contact process of the rolling bearing roller and the inner surface of the outer ring of the two strain gauges are recorded by using strain acquisition equipment, and the time corresponding to the strain peak value measured by the two strain gauges is determined, so that the time difference delta t of the two ends of the roller rolling through the two strain gauges respectively is obtained:
△t＝t2-t1
wherein: t is t1And t2When the same roller passes through the two strain measuring points, the corresponding moment of the strain peak value recorded by the two parallel strain gauges;
(6) according to the strain-time signal of any strain gauge, the frequency f of the roller passing through the strain gauge is obtained by Fourier transformationrThen angular velocity ω of revolution of the rollercComprises the following steps:
wherein: z is the number of the bearing rollers to be tested;
(7) according to the geometrical relationship, obtaining the included angle formed by the contact line of the roller and the inner surface of the outer raceway and the rotation axis of the bearing, namely the skew angle theta of the rollerskew：
Wherein: r1And R2The radii of the inner raceways of the bearing outer ring corresponding to the two strain gauges respectively, for a cylindrical roller bearing R1＝R2Tapered roller bearing R1≠R2(ii) a And l is the center distance between the two strain gauge sensitive grids.
The invention is further improved in that the sampling frequency f of the strain acquisition equipment is not obviously distorted in amplitude in order to ensure that the acquired strain signal does not have obvious amplitude distortion1The frequency f of roller passing through strain gauge should be greater than 10 timesr。
The axial grooves are uniformly distributed in the bearing area, so that the load distribution condition between the test bearing and the test bearing seat is ensured to be the same as that without the axial grooves, and the test bearing seat is particularly suitable for in-situ state monitoring and service life prediction under the condition of not changing the original running state of the bearing.
In addition, by arranging a plurality of axial grooves, the distribution rule of the skew angles of the rollers at different azimuth angles can be facilitated to be known.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the testing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of obtaining the time difference between two ends of the roller rolling across two strain gauges respectively according to the strain-time signals measured by the two strain gauges;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a geometric relationship of a skew angle of a roller;
description of reference numerals: testing the bearing pedestal 1; strain gage 2(2-1, 2-2); an outer ring 3; a roller 4; an axial groove 5; an inner ring 6; load Fr(ii) a The time difference Δ t; radius R1(ii) a Radius R2(ii) a Revolution angular velocity omegac(ii) a Skew angle theta of rollerskew。
Detailed Description
The invention provides a rolling bearing roller skew angle test method, the installation states of a test bearing and a test bearing seat adopted by the method are shown in figure 1, the test bearing is composed of an outer ring 3, a roller 4 (preferably a cylindrical roller) and an inner ring 6 and is installed in the test bearing seat 1; as the test bearing is subjected to an upward load FrThe upper half parts of the test bearing and the test bearing seat 1 are bearing areas, and the specific steps of the test method of the invention are specifically explained in the following by combining the attached drawings:
(1) selecting a strain gauge 2, selecting a proper strain gauge according to the rotating speed range of the tested bearing, the size of the bearing and the test condition, wherein the smaller the sensitive grid size of the strain gauge is, the higher the measured signal precision is;
(2) as shown in fig. 1, according to the number of rollers 2 distributed in the bearing area of the test bearing and the central angle included angle between adjacent rollers 2, a plurality of pairs of strain gauges 2 with the same number and the same included angle interval are arranged on the outer surface of the outer ring 3, as shown in fig. 2, each pair of strain gauges 2 (as shown in fig. 2, a pair of strain gauges 2 is respectively marked by a left strain gauge 2-1 and a right strain gauge 2-2) is arranged corresponding to two end positions of a roller 4, and each strain gauge 2 is adhered along the circumferential direction of the outer ring 6, and the connecting line of the sensitive grid centers of each pair of strain gauges 2 is parallel to the rotation axis of the test bearing; connecting each strain gauge 2 with strain acquisition equipment (not shown);
(3) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, according to the number of rollers 2 distributed in a bearing region of a test bearing and a central angle included angle between adjacent rollers 2, a plurality of axial grooves 5 with the same number and the same included angle interval are processed on the inner surface of a test bearing seat 1, and the inner surface of the test bearing seat 1 in a non-bearing region is not processed;
(4) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the test bearing is assembled with the test bearing seat 1, and it is ensured that a sensitive grid center connecting line of each pair of strain gauges 2 on the outer surface of the outer ring 3 is aligned with the center of a corresponding axial groove 5 on the test bearing seat 1;
(5) enabling the test bearing to operate according to a real operation condition, recording strain-time signals generated on the surface of the outer ring 3 in the contact process of each pair of strain gauges 2 (such as a left strain gauge 2-1 and a right strain gauge 2-2) between the inner surfaces of the roller 4 and the outer ring 3 by using strain acquisition equipment, and determining the corresponding moment of a strain peak value measured by each pair of strain gauges 2, so as to obtain a time difference delta t when two ends of the roller 4 respectively roll over the pair of strain gauges 2: (as shown in FIG. 3)
△t＝t2-t1
Wherein: t is t1And t2When the same roller 4 passes through two strain measuring points (namely a pair of strain gauges 2), the moment corresponding to the strain peak value recorded by the pair of strain gauges 2;
(6) the frequency f of the roller 4 passing through the strain gauge 2 is obtained by Fourier transformation according to the strain-time signal of any strain gauge 2rThe revolution angular velocity ω of the roller 4cComprises the following steps:
wherein: z is the number of the rollers 4 of the test bearing;
(7) according to the geometric relation, the included angle formed by the contact line of the roller 4 and the inner surface of the outer ring 3 and the rotation axis of the test bearing, namely the skew angle theta of the roller is obtainedskew: (as shown in FIG. 4)
Wherein: r1And R2The radii of the inner raceways of the outer ring 3 corresponding to the pair of strain gauges 2, respectively, for the cylindrical roller bearing R1＝R2Tapered roller bearing R1≠R2(ii) a And l is the center distance between the two strain gauge sensitive grids.
The axial grooves 5 are uniformly distributed in the bearing area of the test bearing seat 1, so that the load distribution between the test bearing and the test bearing seat 1 is the same as that of the test bearing without the axial grooves 5, and the test bearing seat is particularly suitable for in-situ state monitoring and service life prediction under the condition that the original running state of the bearing is not changed.
In addition, by arranging a plurality of axial grooves 5, understanding of the distribution of the skew angles of the rollers 4 at different azimuth angles can be facilitated.
The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many modifications, variations or equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for testing the skew angle of a roller of a rolling bearing, the test bearing is composed of an inner ring, a roller and an outer ring, and is characterized in that,
arranging at least one pair of strain gauges on the outer surface of a bearing area of the outer ring, wherein each pair of strain gauges is arranged corresponding to the two ends of the roller and is adhered along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, and a connecting line of the positive centers of the sensitive grids of each pair of strain gauges is parallel to the rotation axis of the test bearing;
simultaneously acquiring strain-time signals generated on the surface of the outer ring by a pair of strain gauges in the contact process of the same roller and the inner surface of the outer ring;
and extracting time difference information corresponding to the strain peak values measured by the pair of strain gauges, and converting the skew angle value of the roller by using the revolution speed of the roller.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the test bearing is mounted in a test bearing housing, and an axial groove is formed on an inner side surface of the test bearing housing at a position corresponding to each pair of strain gauges, and the axial groove is adapted to receive the pair of strain gauges.
3. The rolling bearing roller skew angle testing method of claim 2, wherein a plurality of axial grooves of the same number and the same angular intervals are machined on the inner surface of the test bearing seat according to the number of rollers distributed in the bearing area of the test bearing and the central angular interval between adjacent rollers.
4. The rolling bearing roller skew angle testing method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of pairs of the strain gauges in the same number and at the same angle interval are arranged on the outer surface of the outer ring according to the number of rollers distributed in the bearing area of the test bearing and the central angle included angle between adjacent rollers;
when the test bearing is assembled with the test bearing seat, the sensitive grid central connecting line of each pair of strain gauges on the outer surface of the outer ring is ensured to be aligned with the center of the corresponding axial groove on the test bearing seat.
5. A method for testing the skew angle of a rolling bearing roller adopts a test bearing and a test bearing seat, wherein the test bearing is composed of an outer ring, a roller and an inner ring and is arranged in the test bearing seat; the test method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the number of rollers distributed in a bearing area of the test bearing and a central angle included angle between adjacent rollers, a plurality of pairs of strain gauges with the same number and the same included angle interval are arranged on the outer surface of the outer ring, each pair of strain gauges is arranged corresponding to two ends of each roller and is adhered along the circumferential direction of the outer ring, and a connecting line of the centers of sensitive grids of each pair of strain gauges is parallel to a rotating axis of the test bearing; connecting each strain gauge with strain acquisition equipment;
(2) processing a plurality of axial grooves with the same number and the same included angle interval on the inner surface of the test bearing seat according to the number of rollers distributed in the bearing area of the test bearing and the central angle included angle between adjacent rollers;
(3) assembling the test bearing and the test bearing seat to ensure that the sensitive grid center connecting line of each pair of strain gauges on the outer surface of the outer ring is aligned with the center of the corresponding axial groove on the test bearing seat;
(4) enabling the test bearing to operate according to a real operation condition, recording strain-time signals generated on the surface of an outer ring of each pair of strain gauges in the contact process of a roller and the inner surface of the outer ring by using strain acquisition equipment, and determining the time corresponding to the strain peak value measured by each pair of strain gauges, so as to obtain the time difference delta t when two ends of the roller respectively roll over a pair of strain gauges:
△t＝t2-t1
wherein: t is t1And t2When the same roller passes through a pair of strain gauges, the corresponding time of the strain peak value recorded by the pair of strain gauges;
(5) according to the strain-time signal of any strain gauge, obtaining the frequency f of the roller passing through the strain gauge through Fourier transformrThe revolution angular velocity ω of the rollercComprises the following steps:
wherein: z is the number of rollers of the test bearing;
(6) according to the geometric relationship, the contact line of the roller and the inner surface of the outer ring and the rotation of the test bearing are obtainedThe angle formed by the axes of rotation, i.e. skew angle theta of the rollersskew：
Wherein: r1And R2The radius of the inner roller way of the outer ring corresponding to the pair of strain gauges is respectively, and l is the center distance of the sensitive grids of the two strain gauges.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111177831.2A CN114018204A (en) | 2021-10-09 | 2021-10-09 | Method for testing skew angle of rolling bearing roller |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111177831.2A CN114018204A (en) | 2021-10-09 | 2021-10-09 | Method for testing skew angle of rolling bearing roller |
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| CN114018204A true CN114018204A (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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2021
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Application publication date: 20220208 |