CN114010150B - Tumor imaging device and method for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging by complementary opening resonant ring - Google Patents
Tumor imaging device and method for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging by complementary opening resonant ring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a tumor imaging device and method for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging by a complementary opening resonance ring, which can be used for imaging and analyzing focus parts such as tumors in the field of biomedical imaging. The application combines the complementary split-ring resonance technology of the microwave frequency band with microwave acoustic imaging, and realizes directional energy deposition and local enhancement of microwave fields by taking the complementary split-ring resonance technology as a means for guiding the microwave acoustic imaging, thereby improving the microwave thermo-acoustic conversion efficiency in biological tissues, and still realizing microwave acoustic images with high signal-to-noise ratio and high contrast without increasing peak power. The tumor imaging device comprises a metal complementary split ring, biological tissues containing tumors, a microwave induced acoustic imaging system and an image processing analysis module. Compared with the traditional microwave induced acoustic imaging technology, the technology has the characteristics of high contrast, high signal-to-noise ratio, low irradiation damage risk, wearable, implantable, long-term monitoring and the like, and has potential application value in preclinical and bedside.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a tumor imaging device and method for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging by a complementary split-ring resonator.
Background
The development of modern technology is high, biomedical imaging and treatment technologies with different imaging principles are induced among multiple disciplines, but the technical requirement for tumor imaging is still urgent. In contrast to the three imaging techniques currently used for tumors, X-ray computed tomography imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound imaging, these techniques all have their own inherent limitations.
(1) The X-ray computer tomography has ionizing radiation in the imaging process and has low sensitivity to soft tissues;
(2) The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging has high cost, the scanning process takes longer time, and is easily influenced by motion artifacts such as respiration, heartbeat and the like of a patient;
(3) Although the ultrasonic imaging is safe and comfortable, has higher resolution, lacks specific imaging capability on pathological properties of focus, and has relatively low image contrast;
(4) Other optical imaging means such as optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic imaging, fluorescence imaging and other technologies have a place to replace in the specific biomedical research field, but are limited by the strong scattering property of biological tissues on light waves, so that the sufficient penetration depth is difficult to reach, and the requirements of deep organ imaging cannot be met.
Microwave induced acoustic imaging has a large penetration depth, high image resolution and contrast, and the technology combines the advantages of both microwave imaging and ultrasound imaging. The microwave induced acoustic imaging technology can be applied to tissue dielectric property distribution imaging research, realizes non-invasive, high-resolution and high-contrast medical nondestructive examination according to the difference of microwave absorption properties of biological tissues under different physiological and pathological conditions, and has potential medical application value in the aspect of tumor imaging.
The physical basis of microwave-induced acoustic imaging is the thermo-acoustic effect, which involves the conversion of electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy, the conversion efficiency of which directly determines the intensity of the detected thermo-acoustic signal. Existing microwave-induced acoustic imaging generally places biological tissue in the far-field range of a radiating antenna and radiates objects with narrowband modulated microwave pulses. It was found that although the excitation voltage amplitude has reached tens of kilovolts, the thermo-acoustic signal induced by the biological tissue is still very weak due to its reflection and loss of microwaves. Compared with a far-field radiation mode, the near-field radiation mode can improve the absorption and conversion efficiency of the tissue to microwaves to a certain extent. However, since the pulse generator employed in the near field system cannot effectively achieve an effective match with the energy coupler, most of the microwave energy is dissipated in the discharge resistor and the energy proportion of the imaging area remains very limited. The extremely low conversion efficiency of biological tissues to microwaves often leads to low signal-to-noise ratio of signals and images, thus restricting the application of microwave-induced acoustic imaging in preclinical and bedside.
Another approach to improving the efficiency of microwave thermoacoustic conversion is to increase the instantaneous power of the narrowband modulated pulses to more than a few tens of kilowatts, however this requires the development of dedicated, expensive and cumbersome pulse generating or amplifying devices, and microwaves with high instantaneous power have the potential to cause thermal damage to biological tissue, thus limiting the clinical application of this method. Yet another relatively more common approach is to employ longer duration pulses and limit peak power to the kilowatt range, however this approach tends to be at the expense of spatial resolution of the image, which tends to be relaxed to the order of a few millimeters, and thus is not fundamentally satisfactory for preclinical, bedside requirements.
Microwave thermosonic imaging based on split-resonant ring localization also has its limitations in imaging biological tissue, particularly focal areas. On the one hand, when the split resonant ring approaches biological tissue, the resonant frequency can deviate greatly so as to generate detuning. Second, the antenna-inherent characteristics of split-resonant loops determine that most of the microwave energy tends to be scattered or radiated laterally at small areas of the split-loop, which results in inefficient deposition of microwave energy into the target biological tissue, and still low microwave thermo-acoustic conversion efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a tumor imaging device with a complementary opening resonant ring for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of microwave thermo-acoustic conversion and can be used for non-contact, high-contrast, high-signal-to-noise ratio and real-time imaging of tumors in biological tissues. The imaging device comprises a metal complementary split ring, biological tissues containing tumors, a microwave induced acoustic imaging system and an image processing analysis module; the metal complementary split ring is formed by the rest part obtained after the metal plane is etched, and is used for guiding microwave to perform acoustic imaging, directionally depositing microwave energy to biological tissues containing tumors and locally enhancing the electric field intensity around the biological tissues; biological tissue containing tumor is imaging object; the metal complementary split ring is placed parallel to the surface of biological tissue, and the metal complementary split ring and the biological tissue are separated by an insulating film; under the complex electromagnetic environment such as biological tissues, the biological tissues at the tumor part have obviously improved microwave absorption efficiency due to the directional energy deposition of the complementary metal split ring and the local enhancement action characteristic on the surrounding electric field, and finally, an ultrasonic signal with high signal-to-noise ratio is generated; an ultrasonic probe in the microwave induced acoustic imaging system is opposite to the metal complementary split ring and the biological tissue from the side surface and is used for obtaining ultrasonic signals generated by high-efficiency absorption of tumors in the biological tissue on microwaves; the image processing analysis module processes and analyzes the image obtained by the microwave induced acoustic imaging system to further obtain a reconstructed image of the biological tissue containing the tumor.
More specifically, the tumors to be imaged include, but are not limited to, subcutaneous tumors, lymphoid tumors, thyroid tumors, breast tumors, colon tumors, and the like.
More specifically, the metal complementary split ring is made of any one of aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, gold, and silver.
More specifically, the insulating film is made of materials including, but not limited to, fiber paper, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like.
More specifically, the geometry of the metal complementary split ring includes, but is not limited to, the letter "C" shape, the letter "S" shape, the "mouth" shape, square, rectangle, triangle, oval, and the like.
More specifically, topologies of metal complementary split rings include, but are not limited to, single ring complementary split rings, double ring complementary split rings, complementary split rings in a multiple ring nested form; any number of small complementary split rings can be nested in the complementary split ring according to actual needs.
More specifically, there are two choices for the polarization direction of the antenna: (a) The direction of the electric field of the output electromagnetic wave is required to be in the plane of the ring and parallel to the direction of the opening; (b) The direction of the electric field of the output electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
The application also provides a tumor imaging method of the complementary opening resonance ring-guided microwave induced acoustic imaging, which is used for non-contact, high-contrast and high-signal-to-noise real-time imaging of tumors in biological tissues, and adopts the tumor imaging device of the complementary opening resonance ring-guided microwave induced acoustic imaging for imaging, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a complementary split-ring resonator of a microwave frequency band according to the requirement;
step S2, a microwave induced acoustic imaging system device is built;
step S3, the complementary split resonant ring and the insulating film are spread and placed above the biological tissue containing the tumor in parallel;
and S4, using an ultrasonic probe to align the metal complementary split ring and the biological tissue containing the tumor from the side surface, starting scanning, and obtaining a corresponding reconstructed image by using an image reconstruction algorithm after the scanning is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the application has obvious positive technical effects, and the beneficial effects are at least represented in the following aspects.
(1) The application combines the complementary split ring resonance technology and the microwave induced acoustic imaging technology to form the complementary split ring guided microwave induced acoustic imaging technology so as to realize a high-efficiency microwave ultrasonic conversion platform, generate a thermo-acoustic signal with high signal-to-noise ratio and finally realize tumor imaging with high signal-to-noise ratio and high contrast.
(2) Compared with the acoustic imaging based on the split-ring local microwave, the application has the characteristic of insensitivity to complex electromagnetic environments such as skin, muscle, deep organs and the like, so that the directional deposition of microwave energy and the local enhancement of electromagnetic fields of a target area can be realized even if the device works in the complex electromagnetic environments.
(3) The method has the advantages of no damage, high signal to noise ratio, high contrast, low irradiation damage risk and real-time imaging in the application field of tumor imaging examination. Because of the abundance of blood vessels in the tumor area, the electrical conductivity is relatively high compared to normal tissue, and thus the absorption of microwaves is relatively strong. By adopting the microwave induced acoustic imaging technology based on the guidance of the complementary split-ring resonator, the corresponding spatial distribution of microwave energy absorption can be directly obtained through image reconstruction. In practical application, rapid imaging and diagnosis can be achieved by the difference in microwave energy absorption between in vivo or ex vivo blood vessels, subcutaneous tumors, lymphoid tumors, thyroid tumors, breast tumors, colon tumors or other tumors and normal tissues.
(4) The application has the characteristics of high image contrast, high signal-to-noise ratio and low cost in the application field of microwave heating ultrasonic imaging. By adding the complementary split resonant ring, the application can realize that high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained under the condition of not improving the power of the microwave source. The cost of developing high-power pulse and continuous output microwave sources is high, so that the application can reduce the development cost.
(5) The complementary split-ring resonator of the present application has the remarkable characteristics of sub-wavelength, ultra-thin (typically only 100 microns thick), and has potential application in wearable, implantable, medical devices requiring long-term monitoring.
(6) The complementary split ring has rich sources of raw materials for manufacturing, and can be low-cost metal aluminum, copper, iron and magnesium or high-cost gold and silver. The whole structure can be flexibly changed, such as square, rectangle, triangle, ellipse, etc., and the use is simple and convenient.
(7) The application scene and the application range of the application are diversified, and can include but are not limited to: biomedical imaging analysis of subcutaneous, lymphoid, thyroid, breast, colon or other tumors in vivo or ex vivo, and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a complementary beginning resonant ring.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the far field radiation pattern of the antenna of the complementary split-ring resonator.
Fig. 4 is a contrast image of microwave thermosonic reconstruction of tumor mimetic I.
Fig. 5 is a contrast image of microwave thermosonic reconstruction of tumor mimetic II.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of microwave-induced thermosonic reconstruction of in vivo experiments in mice.
FIG. 7 is an actual view of a living mouse.
Wherein, the names of each element shown in the figure are as follows: the microwave source 1-1 with the weight frequency and the frequency capable of being selected by oneself, the antenna or the waveguide 1-2, the coupling liquid can be transformer oil or vegetable oil 1-3, a container 1-4 for containing the coupling liquid, a complementary split ring 1-5, an insulating film layer 1-6, an in-vivo or in-vitro biological tissue 1-7, an ultrasonic probe 1-8, a function generator 1-9, a stepping motor console 1-10, a computer 1-11, an oscilloscope 1-12 and a signal amplifier 1-13.
Detailed Description
The application provides a tumor imaging device and a method for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging by a complementary opening resonant ring. The technical scheme of the application is further described by the following specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application. The microwave source, the function generator and the antenna or the waveguide form a pumping system, the function of the microwave source is to generate high-frequency electromagnetic signals, the function generator is used for defining physical parameters of the electromagnetic signals, such as pulse width, heavy frequency and the like, and the antenna or the waveguide is used for radiating the electromagnetic signals into free space in the form of electromagnetic waves. The complementary split-ring, insulating film layer is used to locally enhance microwave energy received by in vivo or ex vivo biological tissue. Based on the microwave thermo-acoustic effect, ultrasound waves are generated in the in-vivo or ex-vivo biological tissue due to thermal expansion and relaxation, and microwave energy is converted into mechanical energy in the process. The ultrasonic wave is finally received by the ultrasonic probe through the coupling liquid, and the ultrasonic probe needs to obtain corresponding sampling through the control of the stepping motor because the full-angle 360-degree sampling is involved. The ultrasonic signal is further converted into an electric signal based on the piezoelectric effect, and a corresponding time domain waveform diagram is obtained through a signal amplifier and an oscilloscope. And processing the acquired time domain signals by a related image reconstruction algorithm in the computer to obtain a reconstructed image of the in-vivo or in-vitro biological tissue.
And manufacturing complementary split-ring resonators of the microwave frequency band according to the requirement. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a complementary split ring resonator in which the black part is metal and the white part is air or filled coupling medium liquid. Note that the geometry of the split ring at 3GHz incidence is as follows: the outer ring radius is 5.5mm, the inner ring radius is 4.5mm, the width of the opening is 3mm, and the thickness is 100 μm. Fig. 3 is a diagram of the far field radiation pattern of the antenna of the complementary split-ring resonator.
And constructing a microwave induced acoustic imaging system device. A conventional single probe ring scan imaging system is employed. The system uses a 3GHz pulse microwave source as a signal excitation source, and pulse microwaves generated by the system pass through the center of a rotating motor through a coaxial cable and are transmitted to a dipole antenna, and then are vertically irradiated onto a sample to be imaged from above the living body in a linear polarization mode through the dipole antenna. The MC600 motor control box is used for receiving programming control of a computer and driving the rotating motor to rotate step by step, driving the ultrasonic probe fixed on the rotating motor to perform annular scanning, obtaining thermo-acoustic signals imitating body x-y faults, and reconstructing a cross-section image. The system adopts the water immersion type unfocused ultrasonic probe provided by Olympus to detect thermoacoustic signals, the diameter of the probe is 15.8mm, the effective response area is 12.7mm, and the center frequency is 2.25MHz. The signals are amplified by a pre-amplifier and then input into a data acquisition card PCI-5122 and stored on a computer. Notably, to achieve resonance of the complementary split ring, there are two choices for the polarization direction of the antenna: (a) The electric field direction of the antenna is required to be in the plane of the ring and parallel to the direction of the opening; (b) the electric field direction of the antenna is perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
The complementary split resonant ring and insulating film are spread and placed in parallel over the biological tissue to be imaged. The complementary split ring resonator is tiled and brought into near contact with the surface of the biological tissue to be imaged, taking care that the split ring and the biological tissue surface are separated by an insulating film. The insulating film material includes, but is not limited to: fiber paper, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like.
Imaging the target area, and completing image reconstruction by using data processing software. The ultrasonic probe is used for scanning and imaging the target area by 360 degrees, and the data processing software is applied to process the image of the target biological tissue. Under the action of directional energy deposition and strong local microwave field under the action of complementary split ring, the biological tissue, especially tumor, can implement ultrasonic energy conversion to microwave energy. In this process, microwave electromagnetic energy is first converted into thermal energy, and finally converted into mechanical energy by thermo-acoustic effect, and propagates to the surroundings in the form of acoustic waves. After the detector collects signals, the thermo-acoustic signals are converted into electric signals, the electric signals are converted into digital signals through a filter, an amplifier and a digital acquisition card, and image reconstruction is carried out through Labview and other programs. The imaging target may be a subcutaneous tumor, a lymphoid tumor, a thyroid tumor, a breast tumor, a colon tumor, or other tumor, etc., in vivo or ex vivo. The whole system is synchronously controlled by combining with a Labview control program, and after the images are acquired, the acquired images are displayed in real time by using an embedded Matlab language program to directly see the focus.
Fig. 4 is a contrast image of microwave thermosonic reconstruction of tumor mimetic I. The position indicated by the arrow is the tumor imitation area. In FIG. 4, (a) is a reconstruction map without the addition of a single complementary split ring, and (b) is a reconstruction map with the addition of a single complementary split ring. In contrast, (a) the image has poor signal-to-noise ratio and blurred edges of the tumor, and is not easy to distinguish because of no directional energy deposition and local field enhancement of the microwave field by the single complementary split ring, and the imaging effect of (b) is obviously better than that of (a).
Fig. 5 is a contrast image of microwave thermosonic reconstruction of tumor mimetic II. The position indicated by the arrow is the tumor imitation area. In FIG. 5, (a) is a reconstruction diagram in which no double complementary split ring is added, and (b) is a reconstruction diagram in which a double complementary split ring is added. In contrast, (a) the imaging effect of (b) is obviously better than (a) because of no directional energy deposition and local field enhancement of the microwave field by the double complementary split ring, poor signal-to-noise ratio of the image and blurred edge of the tumor, and difficult discrimination.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of microwave-induced thermosonic reconstruction of in vivo experiments in mice. The location indicated by the arrow is the tumor area. In FIG. 6, (a) is a reconstruction view in which no complementary split ring is added, and (b) is a reconstruction view in which a double complementary split ring is added. In contrast, (a) the image has poor signal to noise ratio due to the directional energy deposition and local enhancement of the microwave field by the non-complementary split ring, the edge of the tumor is blurred, the tumor cannot be distinguished, and the imaging effect of (b) is obviously better than that of (a).
FIG. 7 is an actual view of a living mouse. The location indicated by the arrow is the subcutaneous tumor area.
The specific embodiments described in this application are merely illustrative of the general inventive concept. Various modifications or additions to the described embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art to which the application pertains or may be substituted in a similar manner without departing from the spirit of the application or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A tumor imaging apparatus for imaging a tumor in biological tissue in real time, comprising:
a metal complementary split ring formed by the rest of the metal plane after etching the split ring, for guiding microwave induced acoustic imaging, directionally depositing microwave energy to biological tissue containing tumor and locally enhancing electric field strength around the same; the metal complementary split ring is placed parallel to the surface of the biological tissue, and the metal complementary split ring and the biological tissue are separated by an insulating film;
the working components of the microwave acoustic imaging system comprise a microwave source, an antenna and an ultrasonic probe, wherein the microwave source is used for generating high-frequency electromagnetic signals; the antenna is used for converting the signal into electromagnetic waves and transmitting the electromagnetic waves into free space with a specific gain; the ultrasonic probe is used for obtaining ultrasonic signals generated by high-efficiency absorption of the tumor in the biological tissue on microwaves;
and the image processing and analyzing module is used for processing and analyzing the image obtained by the microwave induced acoustic imaging system to obtain a reconstructed image of the biological tissue containing the tumor.
2. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic probe is opposite to the metal complementary split ring and the biological tissue from the side face.
3. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the tumor to be imaged comprises at least one of a subcutaneous tumor, a lymphoid tumor, a thyroid tumor, a breast tumor, and a colon tumor.
4. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the metal complementary split ring is made of any one of aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, gold and silver.
5. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the insulating film is made of at least one of fiber paper, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.
6. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the geometry of the metal complementary split ring includes any one of the letter "C" shape, the letter "S" shape, square, rectangle, triangle and oval.
7. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the topology structure of the metal complementary split ring comprises a single-ring complementary split ring, a double-ring complementary split ring and a complementary split ring in a multi-ring nested form; any number of small complementary split rings can be nested in the complementary split ring according to actual needs.
8. The tumor imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the polarization direction of the antenna comprises: the direction of the electric field of the output electromagnetic wave is required to be in the plane of the ring and parallel to the direction of the opening; or the direction of the electric field of the output electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
9. A method of tumor imaging for real-time imaging of tumors in biological tissue, using a tumor imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
s1, manufacturing a complementary split-ring resonator of a microwave frequency band according to the requirement;
step S2, a microwave induced acoustic imaging system device is built;
step S3, the complementary split resonant ring and the insulating film are spread and are placed above the biological tissue containing the tumor in parallel;
and S4, using an ultrasonic probe to align the metal complementary split ring and the biological tissue containing the tumor from the side surface, starting scanning, and obtaining a corresponding reconstructed image by using an image reconstruction algorithm after the scanning is completed.
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