CN113985367A - Radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method and device - Google Patents
Radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113985367A CN113985367A CN202111054769.8A CN202111054769A CN113985367A CN 113985367 A CN113985367 A CN 113985367A CN 202111054769 A CN202111054769 A CN 202111054769A CN 113985367 A CN113985367 A CN 113985367A
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for measuring the instantaneous frequency of a radar signal, wherein laser from a laser is divided into two paths and used as a light carrier; using a radar signal to be detected as a modulation signal to perform amplitude modulation on one path of optical carrier to generate a pump optical signal; using the sweep frequency signal as a modulation signal to carry out frequency modulation on the other path of optical carrier to generate a detection light input signal; inputting the pumping light signal and the detection light input signal into the optical fiber section in opposite directions, and performing energy conversion between the pumping light and the detection light by using a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of the optical fiber; and performing photoelectric detection on the transmitted detection light output signal and the detection light output signal, and determining the frequency value of the frequency sweeping signal corresponding to the maximum intensity of the output electric signal. The method and the device solve the problems of small frequency measurement range and low benefit in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of radio technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for measuring an instantaneous frequency of a radar signal.
Background
The existing radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method based on the photoelectric combination method mainly comprises a radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method based on an optical fiber dispersion effect and a radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method based on a four-wave mixing effect. The radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method based on the optical fiber dispersion effect has a small measuring range of radar signal frequency and a large measuring error ratio, and for a single ACF curve measuring frequency value, the measuring error in a low frequency range is larger. The radar signal instantaneous frequency measuring method based on the four-wave mixing effect is large in frequency measuring range, power loss can be reduced by using chips with high nonlinearity, and errors of a radar signal frequency measuring scheme based on the four-wave mixing are large.
The traditional frequency measurement system based on electronics is difficult to improve the bandwidth and speed of measurement; high-speed electronic devices are high in cost, large in loss, complex in system and large in size, and are difficult to meet the requirement of instantaneous frequency measurement in modern information environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for measuring instantaneous frequency of a radar signal, which solve the problems of small frequency measurement range and low benefit in the prior art.
First, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring an instantaneous frequency of a radar signal, including the following steps:
dividing laser from a laser into two paths as optical carriers; using a radar signal to be detected as a modulation signal to perform amplitude modulation on one path of optical carrier to generate a pump optical signal; using the sweep frequency signal as a modulation signal to carry out frequency modulation on the other path of optical carrier to generate a detection light input signal;
inputting the pumping light signal and the detection light input signal into the optical fiber section in opposite directions, and performing energy conversion between the pumping light and the detection light by using a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of the optical fiber; and performing photoelectric detection on the transmitted detection light output signal and the detection light output signal, and determining the frequency value of the frequency sweeping signal corresponding to the maximum intensity of the output electric signal.
Preferably, the optical fiber section adopts a high nonlinear optical fiber.
Preferably, in amplitude modulation, the modulator operates at a minimum operating point and outputs a carrier-suppressed double sideband modulated signal.
And further, obtaining the instantaneous frequency value of the detected radar signal according to the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum electric signal intensity and the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency of the optical fiber section.
Secondly, this application also provides a radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement device, which is used to implement the method described in any one of the embodiments of this application, and the device includes:
the laser generating module is used for generating optical carriers;
the pumping module is used for generating the pumping light signal, inputting one path of light carrier, inputting the radar signal to be detected and carrying out amplitude modulation on the path of light carrier;
the detection module is used for generating the detection light input signal, inputting another path of optical carrier, inputting a sweep frequency signal and carrying out frequency modulation on the other path of optical carrier;
the conversion module is used for generating a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect and transferring the energy of the pumping light to the detection light;
a photoelectric receiving module; and detecting the intensity of the detection light output signal of the conversion module, and determining the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum intensity of the output electric signal.
Preferably, the pumping module comprises an intensity modulator, an optical amplifier and a direct current bias control module. One path of optical carrier enters the intensity modulator and is modulated by the radar signal to be detected to generate an intensity modulation signal, and the modulated signal is output through the optical amplifier. And the intensity modulator is connected to the direct current bias control module, so that the intensity modulator works at the minimum working point.
Preferably, the detection module comprises a signal generator, a phase modulator and an optical isolator. The signal generator generates a microwave frequency sweeping signal, the phase modulator performs phase modulation on the other path of optical carrier to generate a detection light input signal, and the detection light input signal is output through the isolator.
Preferably, the conversion module comprises a fiber segment and a circulator. The circulator is used for inputting the pump light signal to the first end of the optical fiber section and then transmitting the detection light output signal of the first end of the optical fiber section to the photoelectric receiving module. And the other end of the optical fiber section inputs the detection light input signal.
Preferably, the photoelectric receiving module comprises a photoelectric detector, and the detection light output signal of the conversion module is beat-frequency received in the photoelectric detector; the device also comprises a data processor which is used for carrying out data acquisition on the output electric signal of the photoelectric detector and identifying the maximum intensity value of the output electric signal and the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum intensity value.
Further, the data processor is further configured to: and obtaining the instantaneous frequency value of the radar signal to be detected according to the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum output electric signal intensity and the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency of the optical fiber section.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention aims to provide a method and a device for measuring the instantaneous frequency of a radar signal. The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the instantaneous frequency of a radar signal based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of an optical fiber, which have the advantages of large frequency measurement range and low measurement error.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of a radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement device;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a pump module;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the probe module components;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a conversion module;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of the optoelectronic receiving module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method of the present application.
The implementation process of the radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement method provided by the application is as follows:
for example, a laser signal emitted by the laser generating module is used as an optical carrier signal, and is divided into an upper branch and a lower branch after passing through the coupler.
the optical carrier signal of the lower branch is modulated by the signal to be measured to obtain a pump optical signal, and the frequency of the radar signal to be measured is fx. For example, the optical carrier signal of the lower branch enters the mach-zehnder intensity modulator and is modulated by the radar signal to be measured to generate an intensity modulation signal.
Preferably, in amplitude modulation, the modulator operates at a minimum operating point and outputs a carrier-suppressed double sideband modulated signal.
the upper branch of the optical carrier signal is modulated by the radio frequency signal provided by the signal source to obtain the sweep frequency phase modulationThe signal is used as detection light. For example, the optical carrier signal of the upper branch is subjected to phase modulation by a phase modulator, a microwave modulation signal applied by the phase modulator is provided by a signal generator, the signal generator generates a frequency sweep signal, and the instantaneous frequency of the frequency sweep signal is fs. The phase modulator inputs the output optical signal into the conversion module after passing through the isolator to be used as detection signal light of the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect.
for example, the pump light of the lower branch and the probe light input signal of the upper branch enter a conversion module, and the conversion from the phase modulation signal to the intensity modulation signal is realized by using the fiber stimulated brillouin scattering effect. Preferably, the optical fiber section adopts a high nonlinear optical fiber, and the stimulated Brillouin frequency shift amount is fb。
And obtaining the instantaneous frequency value of the radar signal to be detected according to the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum electric signal intensity and the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency of the optical fiber section.
For example, the detection light output signal output from the conversion module enters the photoelectric receiving module to perform photoelectric conversion and data acquisition processing, so as to obtain:
fx＝fsmax-fb (1)
specifically, when the frequency f of the radar signal to be measuredxGreater than Brillouin frequency shift amount fbWhen the beat frequency signal of the photoelectric detector passes through the data acquisition processing module, f can be obtaineds1And fs2The frequency values of the two signals are different from the frequency value of the signal to be measured by Brillouin frequency shift amount, and f is satisfiedx＝fs2-fb＝fs1+fb；
When the frequency f of the radar signal to be measuredxLess than Brillouin frequency shift fbWhen the beat frequency signal of the photoelectric detector passes through the data acquisition processing module, f can be obtaineds1And fs2Two signal frequency values, but now fs1Brillouin frequency shift f with no difference from frequency of signal to be measuredbSatisfy fx＝fs2-fb＝fb-fs1。
That is, when there are 2 local maximums in the electric signal intensity, in the formula (1), f is takensmax＝fs2I.e. the maximum value of the frequency values of the swept frequency signal corresponding to the 2 peak signals.
If f is takensmax＝fs1That is, the minimum value of the frequency values of the sweep signals corresponding to the 2 peak signals needs to be distinguished:
fx>fbwhen f is presentx＝fsmax+fb (2)
fx<fbWhen f is presentx＝fb-fsmax (3)
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of a radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement device.
The present application further provides a radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement device, which is used for implementing the method according to any one of the embodiments of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, the instantaneous frequency measurement device based on the fiber stimulated brillouin scattering effect mainly includes a laser generation module, a detection module, a pumping module, a conversion module, and a photoelectric receiving module.
The laser generation module is used for generating optical carriers. And the pumping module is used for generating the pumping light signal, inputting one path of light carrier, inputting the radar signal to be detected and carrying out amplitude modulation on the one path of light carrier. And the detection module is used for generating the detection light input signal, inputting the other path of optical carrier, inputting the sweep frequency signal and carrying out frequency modulation on the other path of optical carrier. And the conversion module is used for generating a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect and transferring the energy of the pumping light to the detection light. And the photoelectric receiving module is used for detecting the intensity of the optical output signal detected by the conversion module and determining the frequency value of the frequency sweeping signal corresponding to the maximum intensity of the output electrical signal.
The laser generation module generates an optical carrier signal, the optical carrier signal passes through the coupler and then is divided into an upper branch circuit and a lower branch circuit, the upper branch circuit enters the detection module and is modulated by a radio frequency signal provided by a signal source to obtain a sweep frequency phase modulation signal which is used as a detection light input signal. The optical carrier signal of the lower branch enters the pumping module, is modulated by the signal to be measured to obtain a pumping optical signal, the signal and the sweep frequency phase modulation signal of the upper branch enter the conversion module, and the conversion from the phase modulation signal to the intensity modulation signal is realized by utilizing the fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering effect. Then enters a photoelectric receiving module for photoelectric conversion and data acquisition processing.
The pumping module is used for generating a pumping light signal in the stimulated brillouin scattering effect, and the composition block diagram of the pumping module is shown in fig. 3. Preferably, the pumping module comprises an intensity modulator, an optical amplifier and a direct current bias control module. One path of optical carrier enters the intensity modulator and is modulated by the radar signal to be detected to generate an intensity modulation signal, and the modulated signal is output through the optical amplifier. And the intensity modulator is connected to the direct current bias control module, so that the intensity modulator works at the minimum working point.
For example, the laser signal emitted by the laser generating module is an optical carrier signal having a frequency fcThe optical carrier signal of the lower branch enters a Mach-Zehnder (MZM) intensity modulator and is modulated by a radar signal to be measured to generate an intensity modulation signal. As the MZM has larger working bandwidth and good stability, the module adopts the MZM intensity modulator to realize double-sideband intensity modulation for restraining the carrier. Frequency of radar signal to be measured is fx. The intensity modulator is connected with the direct current bias control module, the intensity modulator works at the minimum working point, carrier suppression double-sideband modulation is achieved, and the obtained carrier suppression double-sideband modulation signal enters the conversion module as pump light after passing through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
The detection module modulates the radio frequency signal to obtain an optical carrier radio frequency signal, and a block diagram of the detection module is shown in fig. 4. Preferably, the detection module comprises a signal generator, a phase modulator and an optical isolator. The signal generator generates a microwave frequency sweeping signal, the phase modulator performs phase modulation on the other path of optical carrier to generate a detection light input signal, and the detection light input signal is output through the isolator.
For example, the laser signal emitted by the laser generating module is an optical carrier signal having a frequency fcThe microwave frequency-sweeping optical fiber is divided into an upper branch and a lower branch after passing through the coupler, the optical carrier signal of the upper branch is subjected to phase modulation through a phase modulator, a microwave modulation signal applied to the phase modulator is provided by a signal generator, the signal generator generates a frequency-sweeping signal, and the real-time frequency of the signal is fs. The phase modulator modulates the two paths of electro-optical signals, and the output optical signals pass through the isolator and then enter the conversion module to serve as signal light of the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect.
In the optical isolator, the attenuation of the optical signal in the transmission direction from the phase modulator to the conversion module is small, and the attenuation in the opposite direction is large, so that the optical signal passing through the optical isolator in the transmission direction from the conversion module to the phase modulator is small, the phase modulator cannot be influenced, and the phase modulator is ensured to be in a stable working state.
The conversion module realizes the conversion from the phase modulation signal to the intensity modulation signal, and the block diagram of the conversion module is shown in fig. 5. Preferably, the conversion module comprises a fiber segment and a circulator. The circulator is used for inputting the pump light signal to the first end of the optical fiber section and then transmitting the detection light output signal of the first end of the optical fiber section to the photoelectric receiving module. And the other end of the optical fiber section inputs the detection light input signal.
For example, the conversion module realizes the conversion from a phase modulation signal to an intensity modulation signal, and a pump light signal generated by the pump module enters from port 1 of the circulator and enters from port 2 of the circulator. In the high nonlinear optical fiber, the sweep frequency phase modulation signal of the upper branch and the pump light signal of the lower branch are transmitted in opposite directions, and when the frequency interval between the sweep frequency phase modulation signal of the upper branch and the pump light signal of the lower branch is Brillouin frequency shift fbWhen the pump is in use, the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is generated, and the stimulated Brillouin frequency shift amount f is separated from the input pumping signalbThe position of the optical fiber is lower than the pump optical frequency to generate a gain spectrum, and the position of the optical fiber is higher than the pump optical frequency to generate a loss spectrum, so that the amplitude of a first-order sideband of a corresponding sweep frequency phase modulation signal can be changed, the phase modulation signal is converted into an intensity modulation signal, and the signal is input from a port 2 of the circulator, and is output from a port 3 of the circulator to enter the photoelectric receiving module.
It should be noted that the highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) considers the following aspects: firstly, the nonlinear coefficient of the optical fiber can obtain enough nonlinear effect; second, the fiber loss is lower to increase the effective active length Leff(ii) a Highly nonlinear fibers also have low Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD). For highly nonlinear optical fibers based on silica, the design of the refractive index profile is very important in order to meet the above requirements. In the design of highly nonlinear optical fibers, the small core effective area AeffLow dispersion slope and cut-off wavelength much smaller than the operating wavelength must be achieved simultaneously. For example, a W-profile design may be used to introduce a low index inner cladding around the step index core. Preferably, the high nonlinear optical fiber produced by long-flying company has high nonlinear coefficient and simultaneously has low dispersion slope.
The photoelectric receiving module converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and performs acquisition processing on the electrical signal, and a block diagram of the photoelectric receiving module is shown in fig. 6. The photoelectric receiving module converts the optical signal into an electric signal and collects and processes the electric signal, and the optical signal which is output by the port 3 of the circulator in the conversion module and passes through the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect enters the photoelectric detector for beat frequency. The microwave signal detected by the photoelectric detector is input to the data processor for processing to obtain the frequency value of the signal to be detected.
Preferably, the photoelectric receiving module comprises a photoelectric detector, and the detection light output signal of the conversion module is beat-frequency received in the photoelectric detector; the device also comprises a data processor which is used for carrying out data acquisition on the output electric signal of the photoelectric detector and identifying the maximum intensity value of the output electric signal and the frequency value f of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum intensity valuesmax。
Further, the data processor is further configured to: and obtaining the instantaneous frequency value of the radar signal to be detected according to the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum output electric signal intensity and the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency of the optical fiber section.
It should be noted that, if no stimulated brillouin scattering effect occurs, under the condition of small signal modulation, since the output of the phase modulator includes a carrier and two first-order sidebands with equal amplitude and 180 ° phase difference, the baseband signal generated by beat frequency of the modulated signal passing through the photodetector will be completely cancelled out, so that the signal to be detected cannot be detected. However, after the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is introduced, the sideband balance of the phase modulation signal can be broken, and the conversion from phase modulation to intensity modulation is realized, so that the detection of the phase modulation signal can be realized.
In summary, the present application provides a new instantaneous frequency measurement technique. Compared with the traditional microwave frequency measurement method, the instantaneous frequency measurement technology based on the photoelectric combination method has many outstanding advantages, and mainly comprises the aspects of small physical size, light weight, low loss, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, large frequency measurement range and the like of a device, so that the frequency measurement performance of a radar signal is greatly improved, and the instantaneous frequency measurement requirement under the modern electronic information environment can be met. In particular, the technology is applied to weaponry, and the battlefield environment detection capability can be improved.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing laser from a laser into two paths as optical carriers;
using a radar signal to be detected as a modulation signal to perform amplitude modulation on one path of optical carrier to generate a pump optical signal;
using the sweep frequency signal as a modulation signal to carry out frequency modulation on the other path of optical carrier to generate a detection light input signal;
inputting the pumping light signal and the detection light input signal into the optical fiber section in opposite directions, and performing energy conversion between the pumping light and the detection light by using a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect of the optical fiber;
and performing photoelectric detection on the transmitted detection light output signal and the detection light output signal, and determining the frequency value of the frequency sweeping signal corresponding to the maximum intensity of the output electric signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber segment is a highly nonlinear fiber.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein during amplitude modulation, the modulator operates at a minimum operating point and outputs a carrier-suppressed double sideband modulated signal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the instantaneous frequency value of the radar signal to be measured is obtained according to the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the time when the intensity of the electrical signal is maximum and the stimulated brillouin scattering frequency of the optical fiber section.
5. A radar signal instantaneous frequency measurement device for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device comprises:
the laser generating module is used for generating optical carriers;
the pumping module is used for generating the pumping light signal, inputting one path of light carrier, inputting the radar signal to be detected and carrying out amplitude modulation on the path of light carrier;
the detection module is used for generating the detection light input signal, inputting another path of optical carrier, inputting a sweep frequency signal and carrying out frequency modulation on the other path of optical carrier;
the conversion module is used for generating a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect and transferring the energy of the pumping light to the detection light;
a photoelectric receiving module; and detecting the intensity of the detection light output signal of the conversion module, and determining the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum intensity of the output electric signal.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the pumping module comprises an intensity modulator, an optical amplifier, a dc bias control module;
one path of optical carrier enters the intensity modulator and is modulated by a radar signal to be detected to generate an intensity modulation signal, and the modulated signal is output through an optical amplifier; and the intensity modulator is connected to the direct current bias control module, so that the intensity modulator works at the minimum working point.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the detection module comprises a signal generator, a phase modulator, an optical isolator;
the signal generator generates a microwave frequency sweeping signal, the phase modulator performs phase modulation on the other path of optical carrier to generate a detection light input signal, and the detection light input signal is output through the isolator.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the conversion module comprises a fiber segment and a circulator;
the circulator is used for inputting the pump light signal to the first end of the optical fiber section and then transmitting the detection light output signal of the first end of the optical fiber section to the photoelectric receiving module;
and the other end of the optical fiber section inputs the detection light input signal.
9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the photo-receiving module comprises a photo-detector, and the detection light output signal of the converting module is received in a beat frequency in the photo-detector; the device also comprises a data processor which is used for carrying out data acquisition on the output electric signal of the photoelectric detector and identifying the maximum intensity value of the output electric signal and the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum intensity value.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data processor is further configured to: and obtaining the instantaneous frequency value of the radar signal to be detected according to the frequency value of the sweep frequency signal corresponding to the maximum output electric signal intensity and the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency of the optical fiber section.
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| CN114720780B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-09 | 杭州微纳智感光电科技有限公司 | High-power high-frequency microwave field intensity sensing method and device |
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