CN113941775A - Battery module dissimilar metal shell and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Battery module dissimilar metal shell and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113941775A CN113941775A CN202111351369.3A CN202111351369A CN113941775A CN 113941775 A CN113941775 A CN 113941775A CN 202111351369 A CN202111351369 A CN 202111351369A CN 113941775 A CN113941775 A CN 113941775A
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- welding
- stainless steel
- aluminum alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
- H01M50/169—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by welding, brazing or soldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dissimilar metal shell of a battery module and a welding method thereof, wherein the battery module shell comprises a shell body, a side plate and an upper cover, the shell body and the side plate are made of aluminum alloy materials, the upper cover is made of stainless steel materials, the side plate and the upper cover are welded by laser, the welding method comprises the steps of cleaning, pressing, laser welding and the like, and a welding seam track adopts a spiral shaking linear welding seam; when butt joint type welding is adopted, a stainless steel plate is stacked on an aluminum alloy plate, and a welding heat source laser beam spot is positioned at a joint of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel plate and is deviated to one side of the stainless steel plate; when the stitch welding joint is adopted for welding, the laser beam spot of the welding heat source is on the stainless steel plate, and the laser spot is far away from the edge of the stainless steel plate; the stainless steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate have step size matching, the invention can control the exhaust direction when thermal runaway, reduce the danger coefficient, reduce the welding heat affected zone by using the deviation of laser beams, effectively reduce the content of metal compounds and improve the welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery modules, in particular to a dissimilar metal shell of a battery module and a welding method thereof.
Background
The thermal runaway of the battery module means that the current and the battery temperature of the storage battery are subjected to an accumulative enhancement effect and are gradually damaged during constant-voltage charging.
If the casing, curb plate and the upper cover of battery module all adopt aluminum alloy material, when taking place the exhaust of thermal runaway, the exhaust direction is uncontrollable, if from upper portion exhaust, relative side direction exhaust danger coefficient is big.
If battery module's casing, curb plate and upper cover adopt the dissimilar metal, like aluminum alloy and stainless steel, utilize the different characteristics of intensity of aluminum alloy and stainless steel, carminative direction when can controlling thermal runaway effectively sets up the exhaust direction in the side direction, can reduce thermal runaway's danger coefficient effectively.
However, two different metals, i.e. stainless steel and aluminum alloy, have large differences in physical properties, and the traditional welding methods, including electron beam, friction, ultrasonic wave and the like, are prone to generating welding defects during welding, such as: the welding joint is easy to oxidize, the temperature in the steel-aluminum welding process is high, and high-melting-point oxides are easy to generate to block the melting of metal; the components of the molten pool are not uniform, the difference between the melting points of the two materials is large, and the aluminum is easy to melt and float on the upper part of the molten pool; the joint cracks, the brittleness of the joint is increased by the iron-aluminum intermetallic compound generated by welding the steel-aluminum dissimilar materials, and the joint cracks under the action of welding stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dissimilar metal shell of a battery module and a welding method thereof. Battery module shell adopts the welding of dissimilar metal to form, and the carminative direction when can controlling thermal runaway effectively to reduce thermal runaway's danger coefficient, the problem that produces welding defect easily among the prior art of welding can be solved through laser welding to the dissimilar metal.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a battery module xenogenesis metal casing, includes casing, curb plate and upper cover, casing and curb plate be the aluminum alloy material, the upper cover is stainless steel material, curb plate and upper cover pass through laser welding.
The upper cover is made of stainless steel, the shell and the side plates are made of aluminum alloy, the thickness of the upper cover is 1.0-1.5mm, the thickness of the side plates is 1.5-2.0mm, and because the melting point and the strength of the stainless steel are higher than those of the aluminum alloy, the direction of the exhaust out-of-control of heat can be controlled to be lateral, and the exhaust out-of-control of heat above the side is controlled, so that the damage to the personal and property safety can be effectively reduced.
The welding method comprises the following steps:
and S01, cleaning the two surfaces of the workpiece to be welded by using industrial absolute ethyl alcohol so as to ensure that the surface of the workpiece to be welded has no oil stain, moisture and impurities.
S02, stacking the cleaned stainless steel sheet and the cleaned aluminum alloy sheet under a pressing tool, covering the stainless steel on the upper cover and covering the aluminum alloy on the side plate under the side plate, so that no gap exists between the workpieces to be welded, and pressing the materials to be welded.
And S03, performing laser welding, wherein a welding seam track adopts spiral shaking linear welding seams, and spiral shaking can effectively increase air hole stirring and escaping in the molten pool before the molten pool is solidified.
The welding power waveform adopts a fast rising and slow falling mode, so that the power is raised to the set power in a short time, the material is rapidly heated to be beneficial to laser absorption, and the slow falling can effectively solve the condition of a welding ending arc pit.
In order to reduce the ablation of impurity elements in the stainless steel sheet and the generation of brittle metal compounds between the steel-aluminum joint surfaces, the welding process adopts high-power high-speed welding, the laser welding power is 2800-3000W, the welding speed is 150-160mm/s, and the welding effect is better when the defocusing amount is +/-1; the mechanical property and the microscopic defect both meet the product requirements.
Further, in step S03, a stitch joint form or a butt joint form is adopted.
The stitch welding joint is formed by overlapping a stainless steel plate on an aluminum alloy plate, and welding heat source laser beams with light spots on the stainless steel plate, wherein the light spots are far away from the edge of the stainless steel plate; the butt joint is characterized in that the stainless steel plate is stacked on the aluminum alloy plate, a laser beam spot of a welding heat source is positioned at a joint of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel plate and is deviated to one side of the stainless steel plate, most energy of the laser heat source is used for melting the stainless steel plate, the melting amount of the aluminum alloy plate is reduced, and the stainless steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate are in stepped size fit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the battery module shell is formed by welding two metals, namely aluminum alloy and stainless steel, and can effectively control the exhaust direction during thermal runaway, so that the danger coefficient of the thermal runaway is reduced.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps of a laser welding method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stitch bond configuration of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a weld in the form of a stitch weld of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a butt joint form of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a weld in the form of a butt joint according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a weld trace of a laser weld according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an aluminum alloy sheet; 2-stainless steel plate; 3-a laser beam; 4-butt joint welding; 5, stitch welding the joint welding seam; a1 — direction of travel amplitude; a2 — deflection amplitude; d-space.
Detailed Description
The utility model provides a battery module xenogenesis metal casing, includes casing, curb plate and upper cover, casing and curb plate be the aluminum alloy material, the upper cover is stainless steel material, curb plate and upper cover pass through laser welding.
The upper cover adopts stainless steel material, and casing and curb plate adopt aluminum alloy material, because stainless steel's melting point and intensity are higher than the aluminum alloy, and control thermal runaway exhaust direction is the side direction, and relative top thermal runaway exhausts, can effectively reduce the injury to personal property safety.
Furthermore, the thickness of the upper cover is 1.0-1.5mm, and the thickness of the side plate is 1.5-2.0 mm.
The following table gives the parameters for 304 stainless steel and 6 series aluminum alloy:
the difference between the melting points of the two materials is 800 ℃, the difference between the linear expansion coefficients is 30 percent, and the difference between the thermal conductivities is 88 percent; the difference in physical properties is large.
Due to the fact that the difference between the melting point and the linear expansion coefficient of the materials of the stainless steel upper cover and the aluminum alloy side plate is large, intermetallic compounds, eutectic and solid solutions are easily generated during welding, and further the brittleness of welding seams is increased.
The invention adopts laser welding to reduce the welding heat affected zone, the weld joint tissue is dendritic crystal with smaller crystal grain, and the welding joint has good mechanical property.
Specifically, the stainless steel sheet is a 304 stainless steel 40 x 30 x 1.0mm sheet, and the aluminum alloy sheet is a 6061 aluminum alloy 40 x 30 x 1.5mm sheet.
As shown in fig. 1, the welding method includes the steps of:
and S01, cleaning the two surfaces of the workpiece to be welded by using industrial absolute ethyl alcohol so as to ensure that the surface of the workpiece to be welded has no oil stain, moisture and impurities.
S02, stacking the cleaned stainless steel sheet and the cleaned aluminum alloy sheet under a pressing tool, covering the stainless steel on the upper cover and covering the aluminum alloy on the side plate under the side plate, so that no gap exists between the workpieces to be welded, and pressing the materials to be welded.
Aiming at the physical property differences of stainless steel and aluminum alloy in melting point, linear expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and the like, and the solubility of Al in Fe is high, a metal part compound is easy to form, so that the mechanical property of a welding line is reduced, and when the content of aluminum in the welding line exceeds 65%, the brittleness of the welding line is obviously increased, so that the structure of the battery module is designed to be that the stainless steel of the upper cover is arranged above the side plate, and the aluminum alloy of the side plate is arranged below the side plate.
S03, laser welding, as shown in figure 6, the welding seam track adopts spiral shaking straight welding seam, the amplitude A1, the polarization amplitude A2 and the distance D in the spiral shaking advancing direction are arranged to meet the requirement of the welding track, and spiral shaking can effectively increase the stirring and the escape of air holes in the molten pool before the molten pool is solidified.
Further, in step S03, the welding power waveform adopts a fast-rising slow-falling mode, so that the power is raised to the set power in a short time, the material is heated rapidly to facilitate laser absorption, and the slow-falling mode can effectively solve the welding ending crater condition.
Further, in step S03, in order to reduce the ablation of impurity elements in the stainless steel sheet and the generation of brittle metal compounds between the steel-aluminum bonding surfaces, the welding process adopts high-power high-speed welding, the laser welding power is 2800-3000W, the welding speed is 150-160mm/S, and the welding effect is better when the defocusing amount is ± 1; the mechanical property and the microscopic defect both meet the product requirements.
Further, in step S03, a stitch joint form or a butt joint form is adopted.
According to the stitch welding joint form, as shown in figure 2, a stainless steel plate 2 is stacked on an aluminum alloy plate 1, a welding heat source laser beam 3 has a light spot on the stainless steel plate 2, the light spot is far away from the edge of the stainless steel plate, and as shown in figure 3, a stitch welding joint welding seam 5 is formed after welding.
In the butt joint mode, as shown in fig. 4, the stainless steel plate 2 is stacked on the aluminum alloy plate 1, the laser beam 3 light spot of the welding heat source is positioned at the joint of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel plate and is deviated to one side of the stainless steel plate, so that most energy of the laser heat source is used for melting the stainless steel plate, the melting amount of the aluminum alloy plate is reduced, the stainless steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate have step-type size matching, and as shown in fig. 5, a butt joint welding seam 4 is formed after welding.
The above disclosure is only for the specific embodiment of the present patent, but the present patent is not limited thereto, and it should be understood that the modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a battery module xenogenesis metal casing, includes casing, curb plate and upper cover, its characterized in that: the shell and the side plate are made of aluminum alloy materials, the upper cover is made of stainless steel materials, and the side plate and the upper cover are welded through laser.
2. The dissimilar metal housing of battery module according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the upper cover is 1.0-1.5mm, and the thickness of the side plate is 1.5-2.0 mm.
3. The method for welding dissimilar metal housings of a battery module according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s01, cleaning two surfaces of the workpiece to be welded by using industrial absolute ethyl alcohol so as to ensure that the surface of the workpiece to be welded has no oil stain, moisture and impurities;
s02, stacking the cleaned stainless steel sheet and the cleaned aluminum alloy sheet under a pressing tool, covering the stainless steel on the upper cover and covering the aluminum alloy on the side plate under the aluminum alloy sheet, so that no gap exists between the workpieces to be welded, and pressing the materials to be welded;
and S03, performing laser welding, wherein a welding seam track adopts a spiral shaking linear welding seam, and the amplitude (A1) in the spiral shaking advancing direction, the polarization amplitude (A2) and the distance (D) are set to meet the requirement of the welding track.
4. The method for welding dissimilar metal housings of a battery module according to claim 3, wherein: in step S03, the welding power waveform adopts a fast ascending and descending mode, the laser welding power is 2800-3000W, the welding speed is 150-160mm/S, and the defocusing amount is + -1.
5. The method for welding dissimilar metal housings of a battery module according to claim 4, wherein: in step S03, in the form of stitch welding, the welding heat source laser beam spot is on the stainless steel plate away from the edge of the stainless steel plate.
6. The method for welding dissimilar metal housings of a battery module according to claim 4, wherein: in step S03, in the form of a butt joint, the welding heat source laser beam spot is located at the joint of the aluminum alloy plate and the stainless steel plate and is biased to one side of the stainless steel plate, and the stainless steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate have a step size fit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111351369.3A CN113941775A (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Battery module dissimilar metal shell and welding method thereof |
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| CN202111351369.3A CN113941775A (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Battery module dissimilar metal shell and welding method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114505577A (en) * | 2022-03-05 | 2022-05-17 | 安阳工学院 | Laser welding method for aluminum alloy/nickel-based alloy or nickel dissimilar material |
| CN114986001A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-02 | 北京工业大学 | Ultra-thin plate dissimilar metal welding method |
| CN115121928A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-30 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Welding method of tantalum-titanium dissimilar metal |
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| CN114986001A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-02 | 北京工业大学 | Ultra-thin plate dissimilar metal welding method |
| CN114986001B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-03-29 | 北京工业大学 | Method for welding dissimilar metals of ultrathin plate |
| CN115121928A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-30 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Welding method of tantalum-titanium dissimilar metal |
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