CN113931606A - Microcapsule rock expanding agent and shale gas volume fracturing method - Google Patents
Microcapsule rock expanding agent and shale gas volume fracturing method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/665—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing inorganic compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/706—Encapsulated breakers
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/72—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microcapsule rock expanding agent, a high-pressure simulation device and a shale gas volume fracturing method. The microcapsule rock expanding agent comprises microcapsules and a microcapsule-coated rock expanding agent, and the rock expanding agent comprises calcium oxide, silicone oil, cement and a surfactant. According to the invention, the transformation effect of branch cracks and micro cracks is improved by adopting the microcapsule rock expanding agent, the variable viscosity, variable displacement and variable sand ratio injection process is assisted to promote the cracks to be complicated, the filling effect of the multi-scale cracks is improved, and the shale gas reservoir is effectively transformed and the transformation volume of the multi-scale cracks is improved by matching with the optimization of pump injection process parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil field exploitation, and particularly relates to a microcapsule rock swelling agent and a shale gas volume fracturing method.
Background
At present, the horizontal well volume fracturing technology is increasingly researched and applied, and plays a vital role in the exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas. The horizontal well volume fracturing technology refers to that on the basis of staged fracturing, multiple clusters of fractures in a section are synchronously cracked and uniformly extended, the original stress can be diverted and multi-scale complex fractures can be formed due to the mutual stress interference effect, and on the basis, the fractures with different sizes are filled with propping agents with different particle sizes, so that the opening and flow guiding capabilities of the fractures with different sizes are kept, the yield after fracturing is greatly improved, and the stable production period is prolonged.
In the actual operation process of a fracturing site, the expansion of multi-scale cracks is realized by process measures such as variable viscosity and variable displacement, but the steering branch cracks and the micro cracks are difficult to form, and the closed stress is larger than that of the main cracks, so that the difficulty in the expansion of the steering branch cracks and the micro cracks is large, the expansion time is short, the saturated state of liquid inlet can be quickly reached, in other words, the liquid inlet speed in the steering branch cracks and the micro cracks can be quickly reduced or even reduced to zero, the expansion degree of the steering branch cracks and the micro cracks is limited, and therefore, the entering propping agent is relatively limited, and the influence on the effective modification volume of the multi-scale cracks is huge.
However, the previous work in this aspect is relatively limited, and the effects of measures such as changing viscosity and discharge capacity, properly advancing the time of adding sand and the like adopted on site are still limited. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new technique for greatly improving the propagation and propping of multi-scale fractures to solve the above-mentioned limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a microcapsule rock expanding agent and a shale gas volume fracturing method. According to the method, the transformation effect of branch cracks and micro cracks is improved by adopting the microcapsule rock expanding agent, the variable viscosity, variable displacement and variable sand ratio injection process is assisted to promote the cracks to be complicated, the filling effect of the multi-scale cracks is improved, and the shale gas reservoir is effectively transformed and the transformation volume of the multi-scale cracks is improved by matching with the optimization of pump injection process parameters.
The technical idea of the invention is as follows:
1) and injecting the rock expanding agent wrapped by the microcapsule into the hydraulic fracture. The rock expanding agent undergoes hydration reaction after being mixed with a suitable amount of water, and increases in volume by 50% or more. While releasing 66.6KJ/mol of heat and expanding further. The experimental result shows that the expansion pressure can be increased by 10-30 MPa. However, in hydraulic fracturing, in order to prevent the rock swelling agent from reacting prematurely, microencapsulation technology is used to delay the action time. After the microcapsule-coated rock expanding agent enters cracks with different scales, a certain amount of acid liquor is injected to promote the capsules to rapidly break the gel, so that the rock expanding agent is rapidly released to promote the cracks with different scales to further expand. Considering that the cracks with different sizes have the function of the rock expanding agent, in order to exert the maximum expansion effect in the cracks with different sizes, the rock expanding agent with the ultra-fine grain diameter, such as 140-200 meshes, can be adopted, and the grain diameter can ensure that the rock expanding agent enters the diversion branch cracks and the micro cracks as much as possible. Meanwhile, a higher-concentration continuous adding mode can be adopted, so that the rock expanding agent with higher concentration is ensured to be distributed in the large-scale main cracks. In this way, a greater degree of propagation can be achieved for fractures of different dimensions. This also facilitates smooth entry of subsequent proppants.
2) Considering that the rock expanding agent can expand by more than 50% in volume, the particle size of the propping agent can be selected from 70-140 meshes so as to fully fill cracks opened by the rock expanding agent, particularly diversion cracks and micro cracks. Similarly, in order to maximize proppant packing in fractures of different sizes, the 70-140 mesh fraction may be higher, e.g., greater than 70%, and then 40-70 mesh proppant may be tailed.
Based on the above thought, the invention provides a microcapsule rock expanding agent in a first aspect, the microcapsule rock expanding agent comprises microcapsules and a microcapsule-coated rock expanding agent, and the rock expanding agent comprises calcium oxide, silicone oil, cement and a surfactant.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the calcium oxide is present in an amount of 50-98% by weight, based on the total weight of the rock expander.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the rock expander.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the silicone oil is present in an amount of 0.01 to 2% by mass, based on the total weight of the rock expander.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the cement is present in an amount of 0.01 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the rock expander.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the surfactant is selected from one or more of alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the surfactant is selected from sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the particle size of the rock expansion agent is 100-240 mesh.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the rock expander has a particle size of 140-200 mesh.
Because the cracks with different scales are all provided with the rock expanding agent, in order to exert the maximum expansion effect of the rock expanding agent in the cracks with different scales, the rock expanding agent with the ultrafine particle size of 100-240 meshes, preferably 140-200 meshes is adopted, and the particle size can ensure that the rock expanding agent enters the diversion branch cracks and the microcracks as much as possible.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the material of the microcapsule comprises a resin and a silicone modified nanoemulsion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the resin is selected from one or more of epoxy resins.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the silicone-modified nanoemulsion is selected from one or more of a silicone-modified acrylate emulsion, a silicone-modified polyurethane emulsion, and a silicone-modified styrene-acrylic emulsion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method of preparing the microencapsulated rock expander comprises:
step A: providing a rock expander, preferably said rock expander having an average particle size of 0.4-1.0 mm;
and B: coating the rock expanding agent with organic silicon modified nano emulsion to obtain a rock expanding agent precursor;
and C: and coating the rock expanding agent precursor by using resin to obtain the microcapsule-coated rock expanding agent.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the silicone-modified nanoemulsion is selected from one or more of a silicone-modified acrylate emulsion, a silicone-modified polyurethane emulsion, and a silicone-modified styrene-acrylic emulsion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the resin is selected from epoxy resins.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the microcapsule rock-expanding agent comprises the steps of:
(1) adding the rock expanding agent with the particle size of 0.45-0.90mm which is sieved in advance into a coating container, starting a main fan, and adjusting the air volume to enable the expanding agent to be in a stable fluidization state.
(2) And starting a heat source of the heat exchanger to heat the intake air flow so as to heat the particle bed layer.
(3) Preparing an inner coating (modified nano composite emulsion) with better compression resistance; starting the liquid supply peristaltic pump to carry out spray coating operation.
(4) Drying after the inner emulsion is sprayed, preparing an outer coating material (epoxy resin), continuously spraying and coating, and performing air flow drying after the spraying is finished.
(5) Discharging, sieving, and post-treating to obtain the final product.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the existing conventional rock expansion agents are generally used under the surface normal temperature and pressure conditions, when the composite expanding agent is applied to stratum fractures, the expansion performance is greatly reduced due to the conditions of high temperature and high pressure in the stratum, and the inventor finds that, on one hand, through adjusting the composition of the rock expanding agent and selecting proper component content, the quality content of calcium oxide is improved on the basis of the existing rock expanding agent, the expansion performance of the rock expanding agent under high temperature and high pressure can be greatly improved, on the other hand, the rock expanding agent is coated by using the specific modified resin, so that the rock expanding agent can be well mixed with low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid in the injection process, is not easy to settle and convenient to carry, meanwhile, the microcapsule can keep good compression resistance, and effectively avoids the damage of the microcapsule under high pressure in the injection process.
The invention provides a high-pressure simulator, which comprises a shell and a piston arranged in the shell, wherein the piston divides the shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, and silicone oil is filled in the first cavity.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a stop structure is disposed between the piston and the second chamber.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the restraining structure comprises a first restraining staple disposed at a position 1/4-1/2, preferably 1/3, of the upper housing portion and a second restraining staple disposed at a position 1/4-1/2, preferably 1/3, of the lower housing portion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a temperature acquisition device and a pressure acquisition device are further disposed within the first cavity.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the upper part of the second cavity is provided with a feeding hole with a diameter of 2.5-3.5cm, and preferably, the feeding hole is provided with an openable and closable sealing plug.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the lower part of the second cavity is provided with a discharge hole with a diameter of 2.5-3.5cm and a pressure release valve, and preferably, the discharge hole is provided with an openable sealing plug.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the simulation device is made of a material that can withstand a pressure of 150-170MPa, preferably 160 MPa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, different rock expander compositions have to be optimized for different formations due to different formation fracture pressures, and the invention can more accurately simulate the fracture pressures of different formations by using the simulation device, thereby providing a suitable rock expander composition.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first chamber is used as a test chamber and the second chamber is used as a reaction chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing is a 30cm × 30cm × 30cm cube rigid structure. A piston is arranged in the device to divide the device into a left space and a right space. In order to limit the piston to move rightwards, a limit staple is respectively arranged at the upper position and the lower position of the rigid body 10cm away from the left side. The left part is a test cavity, the inside of the test cavity is filled with silicon oil, a temperature and pressure acquisition meter is arranged in the silicon oil, and the test cavity can be externally connected with a computer to display the temperature and pressure values of a silicon oil space; the right part is a reaction cavity, and the top of the device is provided with a circular pore (containing a pore sealing block and capable of being opened and closed) which is directly communicated with the reaction cavity and is a dosing hole with the diameter of 3 cm. The lower right corner is a pressure release valve and a medicine discharge hole (containing a pore passage seal block, which can be opened and closed), and the diameter is 3 cm. All materials withstand the pressure of 160 MPa.
The third aspect of the invention provides a shale gas volume fracturing method, which comprises the steps of injecting the microcapsule rock expanding agent in the first aspect into fractures with different sizes, and then injecting a dissolved acid solution.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
s1: determining key reservoir parameters;
s2: determining the mass contents of calcium oxide, a surfactant, silicone oil and cement in the microcapsule rock expanding agent by adopting the simulation device of the second aspect according to the reservoir parameters determined by S1;
s3: determining fracture parameters and fracturing construction parameters by adopting simulation software according to the reservoir parameters determined by the S1, simulating the solubility of different dissolved acid liquids to the microcapsule rock expanding agent in the S2 under the fracture parameters and the fracturing construction parameters, and determining the type and the using amount of the dissolved acid liquids;
s4: performing fracturing and crack-making construction to obtain cracks with different sizes;
s5: injecting the microcapsule rock expanding agent determined in the step S2 into the cracks with different sizes obtained in the step S4 by adopting a continuous injection mode;
s6: injecting the dissolved acid solution determined in S3 to dissolve the microcapsules of the microcapsule rock expanding agent;
s7: and (4) injecting a proppant.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the key reservoir parameters include lithology, physical properties, petromechanics, tri-directional ground stress, and natural fracture development.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the key reservoir parameters may be obtained by means of logging, testing, core experiment, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the simulation software is simulation software commonly used in the art, such as ECLIPSE, MEYER, or Frac Pro PT.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fracture parameters include fracture length, fracture layout, fracture spacing and fracture conductivity.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fracturing parameter configuration comprises displacement of the fracturing fluid, viscosity of the fracturing fluid, amount of proppant, proppant particle size, and sand to fluid ratio.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in S3, the fracture temperature field change during the fracturing process under the simulation of the fracture parameters and the fracturing construction parameters is determined, the formation temperature during the fracturing process is determined, and the type and the amount of the dissolved acid solution are determined according to the solubility of different dissolved acid solutions to the microcapsule rock expanding agent in S2 under the formation temperature
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fracture-making construction comprises a perforating operation, an acid pretreatment operation, and a variable-viscosity and variable-displacement fracture, in S4.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the variable viscosity and variable displacement fracturing comprises a first fracturing using a first fracturing fluid, a second fracturing using a second fracturing fluid, and a third fracturing using a third fracturing fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the viscosity of the first fracturing fluid is higher than the viscosity of the second fracturing fluid, and the viscosity of the third fracturing fluid is higher than the viscosity of the second fracturing fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the viscosity of the first fracturing fluid is from 50 to 90mpa.s, preferably from 60 to 80 mpa.s.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the viscosity of the second fracturing fluid is 1 to 5mpa.s, preferably 2 to 3 mpa.s.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the viscosity of the third fracturing fluid is between 5 and 10mpa.s, preferably between 6 and 9 mpa.s.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first fracturing fluid is a high viscosity cement conventionally used in the art, preferably the viscosity of the high viscosity cement is 50 to 90 mpa.s.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the second fracturing fluid is a slickwater fracturing fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the third fracturing fluid is a slickwater fracturing fluid.
According to the invention, through adopting variable-viscosity variable-displacement seam construction, the seam height can be greatly increased vertically, and the purpose of multi-scale crack expansion can be fully realized, the seam height can be enlarged to the maximum degree by adopting high-viscosity glue liquid in the first stage, then the seam is formed by adopting low-viscosity slickwater, so that a complex seam can be formed at the far end in the crack, and the sand carrying capacity of 40/70-mesh proppant can be improved by adopting relatively high-viscosity slickwater in the later stage.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the injection of the microencapsulated rock expander in S5 is performed in three portions using a low viscosity slickwater with a viscosity of 2-3mpa.s as the carrier fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the microcapsule rock expander has a volume concentration of 3-7% in the first injection.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the microcapsule rock-expanding agent has a volume concentration of 8 to 12% in the second injection.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the microcapsule rock-expanding agent has a volume concentration of 13 to 17% in the third injection.
The invention ensures that the rock expanding agent has higher concentration rock expanding agent distribution in a large-scale main crack by adopting a continuous adding mode of the rock expanding agent wrapped by the microcapsule with higher volume concentration. In this way, a greater degree of propagation can be achieved for fractures of different dimensions. This also facilitates smooth entry of subsequent proppants. Meanwhile, the volume of the microcapsule is small because the amount of the liquid injected in advance is small and the cracks generated in the stratum are few. As the liquid amount is increased, the communication volume of the generated cracks is increased, the accessible area of the microcapsules is also increased, and therefore, the capsule concentration is gradually increased, so that the rock expanding agent wrapped by the microcapsules can be more reasonably and fully injected into the cracks with different sizes.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in S6, the viscosity of the dissolving acid solution is 1 to 5mpa.s, preferably 2 to 3 mpa.s.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the volume of the dissolved acid solution is 1-2m3/min。
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in S6, the displacement fluid used in the injection of the dissolved acid solution is low-viscosity slickwater, the viscosity of the low-viscosity slickwater is equal to that of the acid solution, and the displacement fluid with the same viscosity as the acid solution can be used to increase the piston propulsion effect of the acid solution.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in S7, after injecting the dissolving acid solution in S6, the pump is stopped for 1-5min, preferably 2-3min, and then the proppant is injected, and by stopping the pump for a certain time, the acid solution can sufficiently erode the microcapsules wrapped on the outside of the rock expander.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in S7, the proppant comprises a first proppant and a second proppant, the particle size of the first proppant is smaller than the particle size of the second proppant.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in S7, the mass ratio of the first proppant to the second proppant is (6-8): (2-4).
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first proppant has a particle size of 70-140 mesh and the second proppant has a particle size of 40-70 mesh.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a portion of the first support agent is injected in a slug-like manner, wherein a low viscosity slickwater having a viscosity of 2 to 3mpa.s is used as the carrier fluid, and a remaining portion of the first support agent is injected in a continuous manner, wherein a low viscosity slickwater having a viscosity of 6 to 9mpa.s is used as the carrier fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the second proppant is injected in a continuous manner using medium and high viscosity slickwater with a viscosity of 12-15mpa.s as carrier fluid.
The invention provides in a fourth aspect the use of a microcapsule swelling agent as defined in the first aspect or a high pressure simulation apparatus as defined in the second aspect or a method as defined in the third aspect in shale gas volume fracturing, in particular shale gas horizontal well volume fracturing.
The invention has reasonable design, clear method, simplicity, convenience and high efficiency, and can obtain the microcapsule rock expanding agent for the design of the shale volume fracturing construction parameters and the process flow at one time. The shale gas fracturing construction can be effectively guided, the multi-scale fracture modification volume is greatly increased, and the construction effect is obviously improved, so that the maximum economic benefit is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic representation of the simulation apparatus employed in the embodiments according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated by means of specific examples, but it will be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The specific measures of the invention are as follows:
1) evaluation of key design parameters
Including geological and engineered dessert evaluations, and compressibility evaluations. The method is carried out according to the conventional flow and method.
2) Fracturing construction parameter optimization
And based on the optimization result of the fracture parameters, applying commercial simulation software such as MEYER and the like commonly used in fracture design to optimize the fracture construction parameters.
3) Preparation of microencapsulated rock expander
According to the requirement of the thought 1, the preparation of the 140-mesh and 200-mesh capsule coated rock expanding agent is completed through the test result of the simulation device.
4) Performing dissolution test of acid on capsule to determine acid type and formula
And 3) on the basis of the step 3), on the basis of simulating a fracture temperature field under a set liquid amount, simulating the dissolution condition of the acid liquid at the temperature to the capsule indoors, and determining the type and the formula of the acid liquid.
5) Lower bridge plug and perforation combined operation
Operating according to conventional flow and parameters.
6) Acid pretreatment operation
Operating according to conventional flow and parameters.
7) Variable viscosity and variable displacement seam construction
In order to achieve the purposes of greatly increasing the seam height in the vertical direction and fully realizing multi-scale crack propagation, the high-viscosity glue solution with the viscosity of 60-80mPa.s is firstly adopted for 40-50m according to the optimized parameter result in the step 2)3And the maximum value of the discharge capacity under the pressure limiting of the wellhead is taken. Then changing low viscosity slick water with viscosity of 2-3mPa.s and volume of 60-80m3Then the viscosity is increased to 6 to 9mPa.s and the volume is 80 to 100m3The discharge capacity is the maximum value under the pressure limiting of the wellhead.
8) Injecting 140-200 mesh capsule wrapped rock expanding agent
Applying the encapsulated rock expanding agent prepared in the step 3) to a continuous injection mode, wherein the volume concentration is 5-10-15%, and the volume of the liquid corresponding to each concentration is 80-100m3. The low-viscosity slickwater (the viscosity is 2-3mPa.s) in the step 7) is adopted as the carrying fluid, and the maximum value under the pressure limiting of a well head is taken as the discharge capacity.
9) Construction by injecting and displacing acid liquid
Injecting the acid liquor determined in the step 4), wherein in order to increase the capability of the acid liquor entering small-scale cracks, low-viscosity acid liquor with the viscosity of 2-3mPa.s is adopted, and the volume is generally 80-100m3Measuring the discharge amount to 2-3m3And/min, in order to increase the acid injection efficiency, 2 to 3 acid tanks can be directly connected to a wellhead high-pressure pipe column. Larger displacement injection may be used in acid replacement, e.g. 8-10m3And/min, the displacing liquid adopts low-viscosity slick water with equal viscosity to increase the piston type propelling effect of the acid liquid. The volume of the low viscosity slickwater replacing the acid is the volume of the ground pipeline and the central point of the horizontal shaft.
10) Stopping the pump for 2-3min
The purpose is to make the acid liquor fully erode the microcapsule wrapped outside the rock expanding agent.
11)70-140 mesh proppant injection
The high-pressure-limiting sand filling device is carried by low-viscosity slick water of 2-3mPa.s, the maximum value of the discharge capacity under the pressure limiting of a well head is taken, and a mode from a short section plug in the early stage to a long section plug in the later stage to continuous sand filling is adopted. The short slugs are generally 3-6-9%, and the volume of each slug is generally 80-90m3The middle spacer fluid also adopts the same low-viscosity slick water, and the volume of the middle spacer fluid is the volume of the current section of the shaft. The long slug is generally 9-11-13%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is generally 80-100m3The continuous sand adding mode is generally 12-15-18-21%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is generally 40-50m3. In order to prevent the difficulty of adding sand, the viscosity of the slickwater can be 6-9mPa.s when continuously adding sand.
12)40-70 mesh proppant rear-end construction
Using 12-15mPa.s medium-high viscosity slickwater to carry 40-70 mesh proppant, adopting a continuous sand adding mode, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is generally 15-18-21-23%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is generally 10-20m3. The maximum value of the discharge capacity under the pressure limiting of the wellhead is taken.
13) Replacement work
The method is carried out according to conventional procedures and parameters.
14) And (5) performing fracturing construction on other sections, and repeating the steps 5) to 13) until all sections are constructed.
15) Drilling and plugging after pressing, flowback, testing, production and the like, and executing according to conventional processes and parameters.
Example 1
The A well of the Chinese Chuannan shale gas well has a vertical depth of 2130m and a horizontal section of 1400m, and the invention is further described in detail by taking the 1 st section of the A well as an example.
Step 1, evaluating a reservoir stratum of the well A. The method comprises the following steps of evaluating lithology, physical property, gas content, rock mechanics, three-dimensional ground stress, natural crack development condition and the like by adopting conventional methods such as well logging, core experiment and the like, and is used for designing a construction scheme;
step 2, optimizing construction scale and parameters by using MEYER software based on geological data, wherein the liquid amount is 1730m3Sand amount 75m3Discharge capacity of 16m3/min。
Step 3, completing the preparation of the 140-mesh 200-mesh capsule coated rock expanding agent, and determining that the rock expanding agent comprises 98% by mass of calcium oxide, 0.7% by mass of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as a surfactant, 1% by mass of silicone oil and 0.3% by mass of cement by adopting the simulation device shown in fig. 1, wherein the preparation method of the capsule coated rock expanding agent comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the rock expanding agent with the particle size of 0.45-0.90mm which is sieved in advance into a coating container, starting a main fan, and adjusting the air volume to enable the expanding agent to be in a stable fluidization state.
(2) And starting a heat source of the heat exchanger to heat the intake air flow so as to heat the particle bed layer.
(3) Preparing an inner coating (organic silicon modified acrylate emulsion) with better compression resistance; starting the liquid supply peristaltic pump to carry out spray coating operation.
(4) Drying after the inner emulsion is sprayed, preparing an outer coating material (epoxy resin), continuously spraying and coating, and performing air flow drying after the spraying is finished.
(5) Discharging, sieving, and post-treating to obtain the final product.
Step 4, simulating the change of a fracture temperature field in the fracturing process, keeping the formation temperature at about 60 ℃ in the fracturing process, simulating the dissolution condition of acid liquor to the capsules at the temperature of 60 ℃ indoors, and determining the type of the acid liquor as hydrochloric acid and the dosage of the acid as 20m3。
And step 5, determining the position distribution of the perforation clusters based on geological and engineering dessert analysis, wherein 3 clusters are formed in a single section, each cluster is 1m long, the hole density is 20 holes/m, and the phase angle is 60 degrees.
Step 6, carrying out acid pretreatment operation, wherein the discharge capacity of the injected acid is 2m3/min。
And 7, constructing the seam with variable viscosity and variable displacement. Adopting high-viscosity glue solution with viscosity of 60-80mPa.s 50m3Discharge capacity of 16m3And/min. Then, the low viscosity of the resulting water having a viscosity of 2 to 3mPa.s was changed to 80m in volume3Then injecting fracturing fluid with the viscosity of 6-9mPa.s and the volume of 100m3The discharge capacity is 16m3/min。
And 8, injecting 140-200-mesh capsule wrapped rock expanding agent. Applying the encapsulated rock expander prepared in step 3) in a continuous injection mode with a concentrated volumeThe concentration is 5-10-15%, and the volume of the liquid corresponding to each concentration is 80m3. The carrying fluid is low-viscosity slick water with viscosity of 2-3mPa.s, and the delivery volume is 16m3/min。
Step 9, injecting hydrochloric acid, and adopting low-viscosity acid liquor with the viscosity of 2-3mPa.s and the volume of 100m to increase the capability of the acid liquor entering small-scale cracks3The discharge capacity is 2m3And/min. The discharge capacity is 8m when replacing acid3The displacement liquid is low-viscosity slick water with the viscosity of 2-3mPa.s and the thickness of 40m3。
And step 10, stopping the pump for 2 min.
Step 11, using the low-viscosity slick water to carry 70-140 meshes of propping agent with the discharge capacity of 16m3And/min, adopting a mode of firstly plugging a short section and then plugging a long section to continuously add sand. The short section plug is 3-6-9%, and the volume of each section plug is 90m3The long slug is 9-11-13%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is 100m3. The intermediate spacer fluid is 40m3(ii) a viscosity of 2-3 mPa.s. Continuously adding sand by using 6-9mPa.s slickwater, wherein the sand ratio is 12-15-18-21%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is 40m3。
Step 12, carrying 40-70 mesh proppant with 12-15mPa.s medium-high viscosity slickwater for tail-tracking construction, adopting a continuous sand adding mode, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 15-18-21-23%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is generally 20m3. Discharge capacity of 16m3/min。
Step 13, replace 50m3Slickwater with viscosity of 2-3 mPa.s.
And 14, fracturing construction of other sections, and repeating the steps 5) to 13) until all sections are constructed.
Through the design of the invention, the A well finishes 20 sections of fracturing construction altogether, and the total injection amount of the total liquid into the stratum is 34600m3Cumulative sand addition 1500m3After numerical simulation pressure, the unimpeded flow reaches 22 multiplied by 104m3And/d, remarkable economic benefit is achieved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not set any limit to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. The invention can be modified, as prescribed, within the scope of the claims and without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (10)
1. A microcapsule rock expander comprises microcapsules and a microcapsule-coated rock expander, wherein the rock expander comprises calcium oxide, silicone oil, cement and a surfactant.
2. The microcapsule rock expander according to claim 1, wherein the calcium oxide is 50-98% by mass, the surfactant is 0.01-1% by mass, the silicone oil is 0.01-2% by mass, and the cement is 0.01-3% by mass, based on the total weight of the rock expander;
and/or the surfactant is selected from one or more of alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, preferably selected from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate;
and/or the particle size of the rock expanding agent is 100-240 meshes, preferably 140-200 meshes;
and/or the material of the microcapsule comprises a resin and a silicone modified nano emulsion, preferably, the resin is selected from one or more of epoxy resin; and/or the organic silicon modified nano emulsion is selected from one or more of organic silicon modified acrylate emulsion, organic silicon modified polyurethane emulsion and organic silicon modified styrene-acrylic emulsion.
3. A high voltage simulation apparatus comprising: the piston divides the shell into a first cavity and a second cavity, and silicone oil is filled in the first cavity.
4. Simulation device according to claim 3, wherein a retaining structure is arranged between the piston and the second chamber, preferably the retaining structure comprises a first retaining staple arranged at the upper part 1/4-1/2, preferably 1/3 of the housing and a second retaining staple arranged at the lower part 1/4-1/2, preferably 1/3 of the housing;
and/or a temperature acquisition device and a pressure acquisition device are also arranged in the first cavity;
and/or the upper part of the second cavity is provided with a feeding pore channel with the diameter of 2.5-3.5cm, preferably, a sealing plug capable of being opened and closed is arranged in the feeding pore channel, the lower part of the second cavity is provided with a discharging pore channel with the diameter of 2.5-3.5cm and a pressure release valve, preferably, a sealing plug capable of being opened and closed is arranged in the discharging pore channel;
and/or the material of the simulation device can bear the pressure of 150-170MPa, preferably 160 MPa.
5. A shale gas volume fracturing method comprising injecting the microencapsulated rock expander as defined in claim 1 or 2 into fractures of different dimensions, and then injecting a dissolving acid solution.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
s1: determining key reservoir parameters;
s2: determining the mass contents of calcium oxide, surfactant, silicone oil and cement in the microcapsule rock expander according to the reservoir parameters determined at S1 by using the simulation apparatus of claim 3 or 4;
s3: determining fracture parameters and fracturing construction parameters by adopting simulation software according to the reservoir parameters determined by the S1, simulating the solubility of different dissolved acid liquids to the microcapsule rock expanding agent in the S2 under the fracture parameters and the fracturing construction parameters, and determining the type and the using amount of the dissolved acid liquids;
s4: performing fracturing and crack-making construction to obtain cracks with different sizes;
s5: injecting the microcapsule rock expanding agent determined in the step S2 into the cracks with different sizes obtained in the step S4 by adopting a continuous injection mode;
s6: injecting the dissolved acid solution determined in S3 to dissolve the microcapsules of the microcapsule rock expanding agent;
s7: and (4) injecting a proppant.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in S3, under the fracture parameters and the fracture construction parameters, the fracture temperature field change in the fracturing process is simulated, the formation temperature in the fracturing process is determined, and the type and the amount of the dissolved acid liquid are determined according to the solubility of different dissolved acid liquids in the microcapsule rock expanding agent in S2 at the formation temperature;
and/or S4, wherein the fracturing and crack-making operation comprises a perforating operation, an acid pretreatment operation and a variable viscosity and variable displacement crack-making operation, preferably the variable viscosity and variable displacement crack-making operation comprises a first crack-making operation by using a first fracturing fluid, a second crack-making operation by using a second fracturing fluid and a third crack-making operation by using a third fracturing fluid,
preferably, the viscosity of the first fracturing fluid is higher than the viscosity of the second fracturing fluid, the viscosity of the third fracturing fluid is higher than the viscosity of the second fracturing fluid,
more preferably, the viscosity of the first fracturing fluid is from 50 to 90mpa.s, preferably from 60 to 80mpa.s, the viscosity of the second fracturing fluid is from 1 to 5mpa.s, preferably from 2 to 3mpa.s, and the viscosity of the third fracturing fluid is from 5 to 10mpa.s, preferably from 6 to 9 mpa.s.
8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the injection of the microcapsule rock-swelling agent is carried out in S5 in three portions using a low viscosity slickwater with a viscosity of 2 to 3mpa.s as carrier fluid, preferably with a volume concentration of the microcapsule rock-swelling agent of 3 to 7% in the first injection, 8 to 12% in the second injection and 13 to 17% in the third injection.
9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein in S7, after injecting the dissolving acid solution of S6, the pump is stopped for 1 to 5min, preferably 2 to 3min, and then the proppant is injected;
preferably, the proppant comprises a first proppant and a second proppant, the particle size of the first proppant is smaller than the particle size of the second proppant, preferably the particle size of the first proppant is 70-140 mesh, the particle size of the second proppant is 40-70 mesh, and/or the mass ratio of the first proppant to the second proppant is (6-8): (2-4),
more preferably, a part of the first supporting agent is injected in a slug type, and then the rest part of the first supporting agent is injected in a continuous type, wherein low-viscosity slickwater with the viscosity of 2-3mPa.s is used as the carrier fluid in the slug type injection, low-viscosity slickwater with the viscosity of 6-9mPa.s is used as the carrier fluid in the continuous type injection, and/or a second supporting agent is injected in a continuous type, and medium-high-viscosity slickwater with the viscosity of 12-15mPa.s is used as the carrier fluid in the continuous type injection.
10. Use of a microencapsulated rock expander according to claim 1 or 2 or a high pressure simulation device according to claim 3 or 4 or a method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 in shale gas volume fracturing, in particular shale gas horizontal well volume fracturing.
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