CN113917711B - Tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter - Google Patents
Tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113917711B CN113917711B CN202111207948.0A CN202111207948A CN113917711B CN 113917711 B CN113917711 B CN 113917711B CN 202111207948 A CN202111207948 A CN 202111207948A CN 113917711 B CN113917711 B CN 113917711B
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- annular waveguide
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter, which comprises an input optical fiber (1), an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) and an output optical fiber (3); the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) sequentially comprises an air hole (2-1), an annular waveguide core (2-2) and a cladding (2-3) from inside to outside; filling materials (4) with variable refractive indexes are filled in the air holes (2-1), the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is placed in an external electric field, and the refractive indexes of the filling materials (4) with the variable refractive indexes are adjusted by adjusting the external electric field; the single-beam optical power is coupled into the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) through the input optical fiber (1), and is divided into multiple beams of optical power uniformly and is output through the output optical fiber (3). The invention has the advantages of intra-fiber integration, small volume, easy tuning, excellent beam splitting function, good compatibility with optical fiber devices, easy integration with optical systems, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated optical devices in fibers and optical fiber communication, and relates to a tunable integrated optical power beam splitter in fibers.
Background
The continuous development of optical fiber technology also promotes the intensive research on the aspect of optical fiber integration at home and abroad, integrates various active and passive devices into the optical fiber, can greatly reduce the size and weight of the devices, simultaneously avoids the change and inconsistency caused by assembly, fixation and adjustment among various movable components, and improves the performance and the temperature stability of the integrated optical devices in the optical fiber.
The optical power splitter is a device for dividing input light into several output lights with equal ratio, and is widely used in the fields of optical communication systems, optical fiber subscriber networks, optical fiber CATV, optical passive networks (PON), optical local area networks, etc., and is often used for realizing optical path connection, optical signal transmission direction control, optical signal power distribution, and coupling control between devices.
Along with the increasingly wide application of the optical power beam splitter, many scholars put into the research of the optical power beam splitter, the patent number is CN212515124U, and the power splitter is characterized in that the splitter is formed by cascading one 1X3 optical splitter and two 1X4 optical splitters, has the advantages of small volume and small insertion loss, but has high design cost, is unfavorable for being integrated with an optical fiber system, has single function, and cannot realize a tuning function.
The multimode fiber beam splitter with the patent number of CN106772803B and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the input optical fiber is multimode optical fiber, the output optical fiber is a plurality of single mode optical fibers, the output optical fiber is subjected to cladding removal and tapering, and the incident light is divided into a plurality of beams by utilizing the Mach-Zehnder interferometer principle. However, the optical fiber splitter has a single function, cannot realize a tuning function, and has poor splitting effect due to low coupling efficiency between fiber cores.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter which has the advantages of in-fiber integration, small volume, easy tuning, excellent beam splitting function and the like, has good compatibility with optical fiber devices and is easy to integrate with an optical system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter comprises an input optical fiber, an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber and an output optical fiber; the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber is sequentially provided with an air hole, an annular waveguide core and a cladding from inside to outside; filling materials with variable refractive indexes are filled in the air holes, the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is placed in an external electric field, and the refractive indexes of the filling materials with variable refractive indexes are adjusted by adjusting the external electric field; the single-beam optical power is coupled into the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber through the input optical fiber, and is divided into a plurality of beams of optical power uniformly and output through the output optical fiber.
Furthermore, under the condition that the interference length of the incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core is tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, so that the tuning of the incident light wave bands is realized, and the number of split beams of the incident light in different wave bands is the same when the incident light in different wave bands is uniformly distributed.
Furthermore, under the condition that the interference length of the incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core is tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, so that the beam splitting quantity of the incident light with a certain wavelength, which is equally split into a plurality of beam powers, is realized.
Further, the external electric field is generated by energizing the external electrode.
Further, the input fiber includes a core and a cladding.
Further, the output fiber includes a core and a cladding.
Further, the number of cores of the output optical fiber is equal to the number of split beams.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an on-line tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter, which exerts the advantage of in-fiber integration, adopts an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, and the hollow structure of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber provides a closed space for filling materials; the external electrode is electrified to generate an electric field, the refractive index of the filling material with a variable refractive index is changed due to the action of the electric field, the refractive index of an effective mode in the annular waveguide core can be indirectly adjusted, and the refractive index can be controlled by adjusting the electric field, so that the propagation constants of light waves of all modes of light in the transmission waveguide can be tuned, the same number of beam splitting ratios can be realized for light in different working wave bands, or different beam splitting ratios can be realized for light in the same working wave band.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an input fiber of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a ring waveguide core multimode hollow fiber of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an output fiber of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the mode field distribution at the input end of a numerical simulation diagram of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of a mode field distribution of a multimode interference coupling process of a numerical simulation diagram of an integrated optical power splitter in a tunable fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 (c) is a graph showing the numerical simulation of the integrated optical power splitter in the tunable fiber of FIG. 11 showing the mode field distribution;
fig. 5 (d) is a numerical simulation diagram of the integrated optical power splitter in the tunable fiber of the present invention, and the mode field distribution diagram of the equal division in fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5 (d), the present invention includes an input optical fiber 1, an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2, an output optical fiber 3, a filler material 4 with a variable refractive index, and an external electrode 5; the input optical fiber 1, the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2 and the output optical fiber 3 are connected in sequence; the input optical fiber 1 comprises a fiber core 1-1 and a cladding 1-2; the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2 comprises an air hole 2-1, an annular waveguide core 2-2 and a cladding 2-3; the filling material 4 with variable refractive index is injected into the air hole 2-1 by high pressure, and the external electrode 5 applies an electric field to the annular waveguide core 2-2; the output fiber 3 includes a core 3-1, a cladding 3-2, wherein the number of cores is determined by the number of split beams.
Based on the principle of multimode interference, a beam of light is coupled into the annular waveguide core 2-2 through the input optical fiber 1, propagates in the waveguide of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, and can cause interference between light waves of different modes in the optical fiber waveguide, so that a plurality of light beams are split in the waveguide, and are transmitted in a certain length and then coupled into the multi-core output optical fiber, so that the equal-power beam splitting of the light beam with a certain wavelength is realized. The annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2 uniformly divides the single-beam optical power of the input optical fiber into a plurality of optical powers to be output from the output optical fiber 3. Filling a filling material 4 with a variable refractive index into the central air hole 2-1 of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, adjusting the refractive index of the filling material by adjusting an external electric field, and further tuning the propagation constants of light waves of all modes in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, and tuning the working wave band and the beam splitting quantity of the beam splitter on the premise of not changing the structure of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2.
According to the principle of multimode interference coupling, the interference length of light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber is as follows:
where N is the number of output modes, i.e. the number of split beams, N is the refractive index of the annular core, a is the small radius of the circle of the annular core, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light. In order to ensure output, the interference length of light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber needs to be equal to the length of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2, so that the equation shows that the length of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2 is determined on the premise of not changing the structure of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2, and the equal division of different beam splitting numbers of the same incident light or equal division of the same beam splitting numbers of the incident light with different wavelengths can be realized by adjusting the refractive index n of the annular core. The refractive index of the filling material is adjusted by adjusting the external electric field, so that the refractive index of the fiber core is adjusted.
Example 1:
taking a 6-equal-division power beam splitter as an example, a power beam splitter with a tunable working band is designed, and the invention can be realized by the example:
the optical fiber lengths required by realizing 6 equal division of light with different wavelengths are different, on the premise that the structural parameters of the optical fiber are unchanged, the propagation constants of light waves of all modes in the optical fiber can be tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, so that the adjustment of the interference length is realized, and the light with different wave bands can be divided into 6 beams of light at the tail end of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber under the influence of the sizes of the electric fields, so that the tuning function of the working wave bands is realized.
The function enables the beam splitter to have a larger working bandwidth, enables the beam splitter to work in different working wave bands, is convenient to tune and saves cost.
Example 2:
taking a 6-equal-division power beam splitter as an example, a power beam splitter with tunable beam splitting quantity is designed, and the invention can be realized by the example:
the interference lengths of the 7 equal parts and the 6 equal parts of light with a certain wavelength are different, so that the propagation constants of light waves of all modes in the optical fiber can be tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field on the premise of unchanged optical fiber structural parameters, and further the interference length is adjusted, so that the 7 equal parts and the 6 equal parts have the same interference length, and the length is equal to the length of the optical fiber. At this time, the tuning function of the beam splitting quantity can be realized by modulating the magnitude of the external electric field.
The function can realize the regulation and control of the quantity of output light without damaging the original optical fiber structure, the tuning mode is simple, and only the output optical fiber is required to be replaced, so that the manufacturing cost is saved.
Claims (7)
1. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter, characterized by: the device comprises an input optical fiber (1), an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) and an output optical fiber (3); the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) sequentially comprises an air hole (2-1), an annular waveguide core (2-2) and a cladding (2-3) from inside to outside; filling materials (4) with variable refractive indexes are filled in the air holes (2-1), the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is placed in an external electric field, and the refractive indexes of the filling materials (4) with the variable refractive indexes are adjusted by adjusting the external electric field; the single-beam optical power is coupled into the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) through the input optical fiber (1), and is divided into multiple beams of optical power uniformly and is output through the output optical fiber (3).
2. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter according to claim 1, wherein: under the condition that interference length of incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core (2-2) is tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, and the tuning of the incident light wave band is realized so that the number of split beams of the incident light in different wave bands is the same when the incident light in different wave bands is uniformly distributed.
3. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter according to claim 1, wherein: under the condition that the interference length of incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core (2-2) is tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, so that the beam splitting quantity of the incident light with a certain wavelength, which is equally divided into a plurality of beams of optical power, is realized.
4. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter according to claim 1, wherein: the external electric field is generated by electrifying the external electrode (5).
5. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter according to claim 1, wherein: the input optical fiber (1) includes a core (1-1) and a cladding (1-2).
6. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter according to claim 1, wherein: the output optical fiber (3) includes a core (3-1) and a cladding (3-2).
7. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 6, wherein: the number of cores (3-1) of the output optical fiber (3) is equal to the number of split beams.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111207948.0A CN113917711B (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2021-10-18 | Tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter |
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| CN202111207948.0A CN113917711B (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2021-10-18 | Tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter |
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| CN113917711B true CN113917711B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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