CN113889757B - Multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal - Google Patents
Multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN113889757B CN113889757B CN202111352734.2A CN202111352734A CN113889757B CN 113889757 B CN113889757 B CN 113889757B CN 202111352734 A CN202111352734 A CN 202111352734A CN 113889757 B CN113889757 B CN 113889757B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal, which sequentially comprises an upper glass substrate (01), a first metal pattern layer (02), a liquid crystal layer (03), a second metal pattern layer (04), a lower glass substrate (05) and a patch antenna layer (06). According to the invention, through phase change among the phase shifting units, amplitude ratio change is realized, and the polarization state of the radiation antenna is switched, so that the disadvantages of large insertion loss and high cost of the antenna unit caused by the introduction of an active device in the traditional phase shifting module are avoided, and the requirements of wide band and various polarization states of the unit antenna are realized; the invention adopts a multilayer composite structure design, avoids the interference of direct current signals on other modules, also separates a radiation layer from a transmission layer, increases the bandwidth and avoids the interference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal antennas, and particularly relates to a multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal.
Background
The rapid development of the information age brings about the high-speed increase of information flow, and the modern social life cannot leave a communication system. The antenna has an indispensable role as a transmission system and a free space conversion module. The transmitting end loads information on microwaves, the information reaches an antenna system through a transmission network, and different structures are designed to generate directional or scanning beams.
Broadband, large-capacity, multifunctional, miniaturized and highly integrated antennas are the development trend of wireless communication networks, and the reconfiguration of a single antenna system also becomes the design direction of people. For a traditional polarization reconfigurable antenna, a PIN diode mode is loaded in an antenna system, and the polarization of the antenna is switched by on-off change, but in a high-frequency band, the diode has the defects of large insertion loss and high cost, and is not suitable for design and manufacture of high-gain and low-cost antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a liquid crystal-based multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna which realizes amplitude ratio change and switching of the polarization state of a radiation antenna through phase change among phase shifting units, realizes broadband of the unit antenna, and meets the requirements of various polarization states.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal sequentially comprises an upper glass substrate, a first metal pattern layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second metal pattern layer, a lower glass substrate and a patch antenna layer.
Further, the first metal pattern layer comprises a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer, a 3dB T-shaped power divider, two phase shifters I, two phase shifters II, a 90-degree phase shifter I, a 90-degree phase shifter II and a thin film resistor; the quarter-wave impedance transformer is connected with the 3dB T-shaped power divider, and the quarter-wave impedance transformer and the thin film resistor are respectively arranged at two ends of the first metal pattern layer; the first 90-degree phase shifter and the second 90-degree phase shifter are respectively arranged in the middle of the first metal pattern layer, one path of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are respectively arranged at two ends of the first 90-degree phase shifter, and the other path of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are respectively arranged at two ends of the second 90-degree phase shifter.
Furthermore, the second metal pattern layer comprises a first coupling gap, a coplanar waveguide and a second coupling gap, the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are arranged in the middle of the second metal pattern layer, and the plurality of coplanar waveguides are respectively arranged on the periphery of the first coupling gap and the periphery of the second coupling gap.
Further, a transmitter feeds microwave signals into the multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna, a quarter-wavelength impedance converter is used for matching the microwave signals, and then the signals are divided into two beams of microwave signals with equal amplitude and same phase through a 3dB T-shaped power divider;
two paths of microwave signals respectively complete signal transmission from the microstrip line to the coplanar waveguide and then to the microstrip by utilizing an upper and lower electromagnetic coupling form through the coplanar waveguide;
each path of signal is subjected to phase change through a first modulation phase shifter and a second phase shifter in sequence, crosstalk between signals is generated at a thin film resistor, and finally the two paths of signals are subjected to interference synthesis at the first 90-degree phase shifter and the second 90-degree phase shifter to form adjustable distribution of output signal power;
the phase change of the phase shifter I and the phase shifter II on the two branches is controlled to form the change of the phase difference between the branches, the two branches generate signal interference at the 90-degree phase shifter I and the 90-degree phase shifter II, and the output power ratio is changed; interference signals generated by the first 90-degree phase shifter and the second 90-degree phase shifter are fed to the square patch antenna through the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap;
and the direct current bias lines are respectively loaded on the phase shift I, the phase shifter II, the 90-degree phase shifter I and the 90-degree phase shifter, and the bias of each unit is independently adjusted.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on the liquid crystal is designed, the amplitude ratio change is realized through the phase change among the phase shifting units, the polarization state of the radiation antenna is switched, the disadvantages of large insertion loss and high cost of the antenna unit caused by the introduction of an active device in the traditional phase shifting module are avoided, and the requirements of wide band and various polarization states of the unit antenna are met; the invention adopts a multilayer composite structure design, avoids the interference of direct current signals on other modules, also separates a radiation layer from a transmission layer, increases the bandwidth and avoids the interference.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a first metal pattern layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a second metal pattern layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a phase shifter of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 01-upper glass substrate, 02-first metal pattern layer, 021-quarter wavelength impedance transformer, 022-3dB T-type power divider, 023-first phase shifter, 024-second phase shifter, 025-90 degree first phase shifter, 026-90 degree second phase shifter, 027-thin film resistor, 03-liquid crystal layer, 04-second metal pattern layer, 041-first coupling gap, 042-coplanar waveguide, 043-second coupling gap, 05-lower glass substrate and 06-patch antenna layer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal, which mainly comprises pattern design, module layout design and size design of a first metal pattern layer 02, a second metal layer 04 and a patch antenna layer 06.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of functional modules and logic for realizing multi-polarization reconfigurable by the device of the present invention. The composition of the device may specifically include: a 3dB T-shaped power divider 022, a first phase shifter 023, a second phase shifter 024, a first 90-degree phase shifter 025, a second 90-degree phase shifter 026 and a patch antenna 06. The modules form a reconfigurable power divider and a polarization reconfigurable antenna unit of liquid crystal, and the change of the radiation electromagnetic wave polarization state of the patch antenna 06 is controlled by the power ratio change output to the 90-degree phase shifter one 025 and the 90-degree phase shifter two 026. Based on the physical logic diagram of fig. 1, the structure of the liquid crystal-based multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna of the invention is designed, as shown in fig. 2, and sequentially includes an upper glass substrate 01, a first metal pattern layer 02, a liquid crystal layer 03, a second metal pattern layer 04, a lower glass substrate 05, and a patch antenna layer 06.
The invention adopts a layered design. The first metal pattern layer 02 and the second metal pattern layer 04 are designed in a layered manner to avoid interference of the dc signal fed into the phase shifter with other modules. 06 is a patch antenna layer, and the layered design of the radiation units improves the bandwidth of the antenna, avoids the radiation interference of the transmission layer to the radiation layer, and generates beam distortion.
The first metal pattern layer 02 realizes the functions of splitting a microwave signal, modulating a signal phase and performing interference synthesis on the signal. As shown in fig. 3, the first metal pattern layer 02 of the present invention includes a quarter-wave impedance transformer 021, a 3dB T-type power divider 022, two phase shifters — 023, two phase shifters — 024, 90 ° phase shifters — 025, 90 ° phase shifters — 026, and a thin film resistor 027; the quarter-wave impedance transformer 021 is connected with a 3dB T-shaped power divider 022, and the quarter-wave impedance transformer 021 and the thin film resistor 027 are respectively arranged at two ends of the first metal pattern layer 02; the first 90-degree phase shifter 025 and the second 90-degree phase shifter 026 are respectively arranged in the middle of the first metal pattern layer 02, one path of the first phase shifter 023 and the second phase shifter 024 are respectively arranged at two ends of the first 90-degree phase shifter 025, and the other path of the first phase shifter 023 and the second phase shifter 024 are respectively arranged at two ends of the second 90-degree phase shifter 026.
The second metal pattern layer 04 realizes transmission of high frequency signals, isolation of low frequency direct current signals, and coupling of microwave signals to the radiation patch. As shown in fig. 4, the second metal pattern layer 04 of the present invention includes a first coupling slot 041, a coplanar waveguide 042 and a second coupling slot 043, the first coupling slot 041 and the second coupling slot 043 are disposed in the middle of the second metal pattern layer 04, and a plurality of coplanar waveguides 042 are disposed around the first coupling slot 041 and the second coupling slot 043, respectively.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when a transmitter feeds microwave signals into the multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna through an SMA connector, a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 021 is used for matching a load device on the microwave signals, and then the signals are divided into two beams of microwave signals with equal amplitude and same phase through a T-shaped power divider 022 of 3 dB;
two paths of microwave signals respectively complete signal transmission from the microstrip line to the coplanar waveguide and then to the microstrip through the coplanar waveguide 042 in an upper and lower electromagnetic coupling mode, so that isolation of direct current signals is realized, and direct current bias is only loaded at the phase shifter;
each path of signal is subjected to phase change through a modulation phase shifter 023 and a phase shifter 024 in sequence, crosstalk between signals is generated at a thin film resistor 027, and finally two paths of signals are subjected to interference synthesis at a 90-degree phase shifter one 025 and a 90-degree phase shifter two 026 to form adjustable distribution of output signal power;
the phase shift of the first 023 phase shifter and the phase shift of the second 024 phase shifter on the two branches are controlled to form the change of the phase difference between the branches, the two branches generate signal interference at the first 025 90-degree phase shifter and the second 026-degree phase shifter, and the output power ratio is changed; interference signals generated by the first 90-degree phase shifter 025 and the second 90-degree phase shifter 026 are fed to the square patch antenna 06 through the first coupling slot 041 and the second coupling slot 043;
dc bias lines are applied to phase shifter one 023, phase shifter two 024, 90 ° phase shifter one 025 and 90 ° phase shifter 026, respectively, to adjust the bias of each element independently.
When the signal loading on 90 phase shifter one 025 and 90 phase shifter two 026 are of equal amplitude. And the working states of the first 90-degree phase shifter 025 and the second 90-degree phase shifter 026 are switched, so that the phase difference of signals fed to the first coupling slot 041 and the second coupling slot 043 generates two conditions of 90 degrees or-90 degrees, and the switching of the two polarization states of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization of the patch antenna 06 is controlled.
When the signal power division ratio loaded on 90 degree phase shifter one 025 and 90 degree phase shifter two 026 is large. Only 90 degree phase shifter one 025 has signal output or only 90 degree phase shifter two 026 has the switching of two kinds of operating condition of signal output, can control the switching of two kinds of polarization states of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization of patch antenna 06.
Phase modulation of the phase shifter is achieved by voltage-controlled rotation of the liquid crystal molecules, as shown in fig. 5. When the microstrip line is loaded with the upper direct current offset, voltage is formed between the ground planes of the lower layer. The effective dielectric constant of the liquid crystal in the initial state is epsilon||Under the action of electric field, the liquid crystal molecules rotate towards the electric field line direction, and the effective dielectric constant of the liquid crystal in the vertical state is epsilon⊥. The propagation speed of the electromagnetism under vacuum is c, the center frequency f, the phase shift quantity
The following can be calculated according to the change of dielectric constant and the length l of the phase shift unit:
the whole antenna structure of the invention is a reciprocal symmetrical network, so the S parameter satisfies: s. the21＝S12；S13＝S31；S32＝S23。
Ideally, the ports of the system should be free of reflections and the exit ports isolated from each other so that the S parameter satisfies S11＝S22＝S33＝S23＝0。
In summary, the S parameter matrix of the module is as follows:
S11is the signal reflection coefficient of the signal feed-in point, S22Is the signal reflection coefficient, S, of the second port (i.e., the port between the 3dB T-type power divider 022 and the 90 degree phase shifter-025)33Is the second port signal reflection coefficient, S12Indicating the signal feed-in point signal transmission coefficient, S, transmitted to the second port21Indicating the transmission coefficient of the signal from the feed point to the second port, S13Represents the signal transmission coefficient, S, transmitted from the third port (i.e., the port between the 3dB T-type power divider 022 and the 90 ° phase shifter two 026) to the signal feed point31Indicating the transmission coefficient of the signal from the feed point to the third port, S23Is the signal transmission coefficient from the third port to the second port; s. the32Is the signal transmission coefficient from the second port to the third port; k represents the signal strength ratio of the second port to the third port; psi denotes the amount of phase change of the signal fed to the second port and the third port.
A quarter-wavelength choking structure is structurally designed, so that the loss of high-frequency electromagnetic signals is avoided while direct-current signals can be loaded.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on the liquid crystal is characterized by sequentially comprising an upper glass substrate (01), a first metal pattern layer (02), a liquid crystal layer (03), a second metal pattern layer (04), a lower glass substrate (05) and a patch antenna layer (06);
the first metal pattern layer (02) comprises a quarter-wave impedance transformer (021), a 3dB T-shaped power divider (022), two phase shifters I (023), two phase shifters II (024), a 90-degree phase shifter I (025), a 90-degree phase shifter II (026) and a film resistor (027); the quarter-wave impedance transformer (021) is connected with a 3dB T-shaped power divider (022), and the quarter-wave impedance transformer (021) and the thin film resistor (027) are respectively arranged at two ends of the first metal pattern layer (02); the first 90-degree phase shifter (025) and the second 90-degree phase shifter (026) are respectively arranged in the middle of the first metal pattern layer (02), one path of the first phase shifter (023) and the second phase shifter (024) are respectively arranged at two ends of the first 90-degree phase shifter (025), and the other path of the first phase shifter (023) and the second phase shifter (024) are respectively arranged at two ends of the second 90-degree phase shifter (026).
2. The multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on the liquid crystal according to claim 1, wherein the second metal pattern layer (04) comprises a first coupling slot (041), a coplanar waveguide (042) and a second coupling slot (043), the first coupling slot (041) and the second coupling slot (043) are arranged in the middle of the second metal pattern layer (04), and the plurality of coplanar waveguides (042) are respectively arranged around the first coupling slot (041) and the second coupling slot (043).
3. The multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on liquid crystal as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transmitter feeds microwave signals into the multi-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna, matches the microwave signals with a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (021), and then splits the signals into two microwave signals of equal amplitude and in phase through a 3dB T-type power divider (022);
two paths of microwave signals respectively complete signal transmission from the microstrip line to the coplanar waveguide and then to the microstrip by utilizing an upper and lower electromagnetic coupling mode through the coplanar waveguide (042);
each path of signal is subjected to phase change through a modulation phase shifter I (023) and a phase shifter II (024) in sequence, crosstalk between signals is generated at a thin film resistor (027), and finally two paths of signals are subjected to interference synthesis at a 90-degree phase shifter I (025) and a 90-degree phase shifter II (026) to form adjustable distribution of output signal power;
the phase change of a phase shifter I (023) and a phase shifter II (024) on the two branches is controlled to form the change of the phase difference between the branches, the two branches generate signal interference at a 90-degree phase shifter I (025) and a 90-degree phase shifter II (026), and the output power ratio is changed; interference signals generated by the first 90-degree phase shifter (025) and the second 90-degree phase shifter (026) are fed to the square patch antenna (06) through the first coupling slot (041) and the second coupling slot (043);
dc bias lines are applied to phase shifter one (023), phase shifter two (024), 90 ° phase shifter one (025) and 90 ° phase shifter two (026), respectively, to independently adjust the bias of each element.
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| CN114430109B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-03-21 | 北京华镁钛科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal polarization selector and control method thereof |
| CN115799830B (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-07-25 | 成都中科精园科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal phase-shifting patch antenna unit and Ku frequency band phased array antenna formed by same |
| CN115995660B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2024-03-22 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized liquid crystal microwave phase shifter |
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| CN111769359B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-09-29 | 东南大学 | Digital coding-based liquid crystal THz super-surface antenna and beam reconstruction method thereof |
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