CN113878130A

CN113878130A - Light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increase device

Info

Publication number: CN113878130A
Application number: CN202111100737.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵凯; 杜洋; 郝云波; 齐超琪; 邓文敬; 朱忠良; 杨萍
Original assignee: Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2021-09-18
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention provides a light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increase device in the technical field of laser material increase manufacturing, which comprises a movement mechanism, a bottom plate and a laser processing mechanism, wherein the movement mechanism comprises stand columns, a Y-axis beam and an X-axis beam, and the Y-axis beam is movably arranged between the adjacent stand columns along the Z-axis direction; the X-axis cross beam is movably arranged between the mutually parallel Y-axis cross beams along the Y-axis direction, and a sliding table is arranged on the X-axis cross beam; the laser processing mechanism comprises a Z-axis rotating assembly, a Y-axis rotating assembly and a powder feeding head, the Z-axis rotating assembly is arranged below the sliding table, and the Y-axis rotating assembly is arranged in a circumferential rotating mode around the Z-axis direction; the powder feeding head is circumferentially and rotatably arranged at the end part of the Y-axis rotating assembly in the Y-axis direction, a reflector for refracting laser to the workbench is arranged in the laser processing mechanism, and the powder feeding head is matched with the workbench on the bottom plate to rotate. The invention enables the laser processing assembly to synchronously feed in the same direction and multiple shafts, shortens the motion transmission chain and enlarges the shapeable range.

Description

Light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increase device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition additive device.

Background

The Laser Cladding technology (Laser Cladding) is a method for adding Cladding materials on the surface of a base material and fusing the Cladding materials and a thin layer on the surface of the base material together by using a high-energy-density Laser beam, and forms a Cladding layer which is metallurgically combined with the base material on the surface of the base material, so that large-scale complex metal components can be directly manufactured, repaired and clad at high precision, the manufacturing efficiency and the processing precision are obviously improved, the defects of difficult manufacturing, serious material waste, complex process and the like of complex structural components in the traditional process are effectively overcome, the product design can be optimized, the product performance is improved, and the development period of high-end products is shortened.

At present, domestic laser cladding forming equipment uses a motion bearing structure which is mostly a cantilever type or traditional gantry structure, wherein the cantilever type structure has the characteristics of large occupied space and volume due to overall heaviness and higher atmosphere cycle time and cost; the traditional gantry structure such as a double-fixed-column single-movable-beam gantry usually needs a worktable to move back and forth to complete part forming in a matching way; meanwhile, the degree of freedom of the currently used motion bearing structure is low, and the processing head and a formed part cannot be guaranteed to smoothly perform three-dimensional complex curve track cooperative motion, so that a complex curved part is difficult to form.

The prior art searches and discovers that the Chinese patent publication No. CN109306486A discloses a device for strengthening the surface of laser cladding metal and manufacturing additive materials, a six-shaft mechanical arm assembly is connected on a cross beam through a hexagon socket head cap screw, a laser clamping device fixes a laser assembly on the cross beam, and a laser controller is connected with the laser assembly through an optical fiber. The laser emitting end is connected with the clamping device, the powder discharging device is connected with an alloy powder outlet through a hose, the alloy powder outlet is fixed on the support through a support, and the support is welded on the second vertical beam. The inert gas device is connected with the inert gas jet orifice through a rubber hose, the inert gas jet orifice is fixed on the support through a bracket by using an inner hexagon bolt, and the support is welded on the first vertical beam. The patented technology suffers from the problems associated with it as described above.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increase device.

The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increase device provided by the invention comprises a movement mechanism, a bottom plate and a laser processing mechanism;

the motion mechanism comprises upright columns, Y-axis cross beams and X-axis cross beams, the upright columns are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, and the Y-axis cross beams are movably arranged between the adjacent upright columns along the Z-axis direction;

the X-axis cross beam is movably arranged between the mutually parallel Y-axis cross beams along the Y-axis direction, and a sliding table is arranged on the X-axis cross beam in a sliding manner along the X-axis direction;

the laser processing mechanism comprises a Z-axis rotating assembly, a Y-axis rotating assembly and a powder feeding head, wherein one end of the Z-axis rotating assembly is arranged below the sliding table, and the other end of the Z-axis rotating assembly drives the Y-axis rotating assembly to rotate circumferentially around the Z-axis direction;

the powder feeding head is circumferentially and rotatably arranged at the end part of the Y-axis rotating assembly around the Y-axis direction, and reflectors for refracting laser to the workbench are arranged in the Z-axis rotating assembly and the Y-axis rotating assembly;

the bottom plate is rotatably provided with a workbench, and the powder feeding head is matched with the workbench to be rotatably arranged.

In some embodiments, the moving mechanism is a moving beam fixed column gantry type moving mechanism structure, four upright columns are vertically fixed on the bottom plate, the four upright columns are arranged on four top corners of the bottom plate in parallel, two Y-axis cross beams are arranged, and the two Y-axis cross beams are arranged between the adjacent upright columns in parallel.

In some embodiments, linear modules are arranged on the stand column, two ends of the Y-axis beam are fixedly arranged on the linear modules, two ends of the X-axis beam are fixedly arranged on the linear modules on the Y-axis beam, the sliding table is slidably arranged on the linear modules on the X-axis beam, and the linear modules are respectively driven by a first motor.

In some embodiments, the Z-axis rotating assembly includes a mounting bracket, an inner cavity shaft and an optical channel, the mounting bracket is sleeved outside the inner cavity shaft, a bearing for a shaft is arranged between the mounting bracket and the inner cavity shaft, and the optical channel is arranged on the inner cavity shaft.

In some embodiments, the fixed second motor that sets up on the mounting bracket, it sets up the transmission shaft to rotate on the second motor, the fixed driving gear that sets up on the transmission shaft, cavity off-axial wall cover is equipped with driven gear, the cavity axle passes through driven gear with driving gear intermeshing sets up and rotates the setting in the mounting bracket, the transmission shaft other end passes through the bearing frame and corresponds the setting of mounting bracket inner wall.

In some embodiments, the Y-axis rotating assembly is arranged in the same structure as the Z-axis rotating assembly, the mounting frame of the Y-axis rotating assembly is connected with the inner cavity shaft of the Z-axis rotating assembly, the powder feeding head is connected and arranged on the inner cavity shaft of the Y-axis rotating assembly, and the powder feeding head and the Y-axis rotating assembly are arranged perpendicular to each other.

In some embodiments, a beam expander is correspondingly arranged at the end of the Z-axis rotating assembly, a first reflector is arranged at the lower end of an inner cavity shaft in the Z-axis rotating assembly, the first reflector is inclined upwards by 135 degrees, a second reflector is arranged at the end of the inner cavity shaft of the Y-axis rotating assembly, which is not connected with the Z-axis rotating assembly, the second reflector is inclined downwards by 45 degrees, and a focusing lens and a protective lens are sequentially arranged in the powder feeding head.

In some embodiments, a rack and pinion assembly is disposed on the bottom plate, a two-dimensional turntable capable of rotating around an X-axis direction and a Z-axis direction is disposed on the rack and pinion assembly, and the two-dimensional turntable is disposed corresponding to the bottom plate through the rack and pinion assembly and capable of moving in a Y-axis direction.

In some embodiments, an atmosphere chamber is sleeved on the movement mechanism, an inert gas environment is manufactured in the atmosphere chamber in a circulating gas washing mode, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the atmosphere chamber is 5 mbar.

In some embodiments, an inert gas environment is maintained in the atmosphere chamber, a first motor is started, the Y-axis beam performs Z-axis direction movement between the columns through the first motor on the columns, the X-axis beam performs Y-axis direction movement between the Y-axis beams through the first motor on the Y-axis beam, the laser processing head performs X-axis direction movement on the X-axis beam through the first motor on the X-axis beam, the laser processing head performs equidirectional multi-axis synchronous feed movement, the powder feeding head performs rotary movement around the Z-axis direction through a Z-axis rotary assembly, and the powder feeding head performs rotary movement around the Y-axis direction through the Y-axis rotary assembly;

the laser enters the optical channel through the beam expander and irradiates the first reflector, the inner cavity shaft penetrating through the second reflector is reflected by the first reflector until the laser irradiates the second reflector in the Y-axis rotating assembly, the irradiated laser is reflected to the powder feeding head by the second reflector, and the laser penetrates through the powder feeding head to process curved surface metal parts on the workbench to complete the forming of the metal parts.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the upright columns, the Y-axis cross beams and the X-axis cross beams are arranged on the bottom plate, the laser processing assembly can move on the X-axis cross beams in the X-axis direction, the X-axis cross beams move between the Y-axis cross beams in the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis cross beams move between the supports in the Z-axis direction, so that the laser processing assembly can synchronously feed in multiple axes in the same direction, the motion transmission chain is shortened, and the shapeable range is enlarged;

2. according to the invention, the Z-axis rotating assembly and the Y-axis rotating assembly are arranged in the laser processing mechanism, the powder feeding head can perform circumferential rotating motion around the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and is coordinated with the two-dimensional turntable to finish the forming of high-precision complex curved surface metal parts, so that the freedom degree of a motion system of the equipment is high;

3. according to the invention, the four upright posts are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, and the three movable cross beams are arranged among the four upright posts, so that the movement mechanism has a compact internal structure, high cabin capacity ratio, less forming time of an inert atmosphere environment and low processing cost.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightweight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition additive device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser processing mechanism according to the present invention.

Reference numerals:

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition additive device, which includes a motion mechanism 1, a base plate 2 and a laser processing mechanism 9. The movement mechanism 1 comprises upright columns 4, Y-axis cross beams 5 and X-axis cross beams 8, the upright columns 4 are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 2, and the Y-axis cross beams 5 are movably arranged between the adjacent upright columns 4 along the Z-axis direction. The X-axis cross beam 8 is movably arranged between the Y-axis cross beams 5 which are parallel to each other along the Y-axis direction, and a sliding table 12 is arranged on the X-axis cross beam 8 in a sliding manner along the X-axis direction. An atmosphere cabin is sleeved on the moving mechanism 1, an inert gas environment is manufactured in the atmosphere cabin in a circulating gas washing mode, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the atmosphere cabin is 5 mbar.

As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laser processing mechanism, the laser processing mechanism 9 includes a Z-axis rotating assembly 91, a Y-axis rotating assembly 92, and a powder feeding head 301, one end of the Z-axis rotating assembly 91 is disposed below the sliding table 12, and the other end of the Z-axis rotating assembly 91 drives the Y-axis rotating assembly 92 to rotate circumferentially around the Z-axis direction. The powder feeding head 301 is circumferentially rotatably provided at an end portion of the Y-axis rotating unit 92 in the Y-axis direction, and a reflecting mirror for refracting laser light to the table 11 is provided in the Z-axis rotating unit 91 and the Y-axis rotating unit 92.

The bottom plate 2 is rotatably provided with a workbench 11, and the powder feeding head 301 is matched with the workbench 11 to be rotatably arranged. In the embodiment, the gear rack assembly 3 is arranged on the bottom plate 2, and the organ cover is arranged on the upper side of the gear rack assembly 3, so that powder is prevented from entering a transmission system and precision damage is avoided. The gear rack component 3 is provided with a two-dimensional rotary table 10 which can rotate around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the two-dimensional rotary table 10 is arranged in a moving mode in the Y-axis direction through the gear rack component 3 corresponding to the bottom plate 2.

The moving mechanism 1 is arranged by adopting a moving beam fixed column gantry type moving mechanism structure, four upright posts 4 are vertically fixed on the bottom plate 2, the four upright posts 4 are arranged on four vertex angles of the bottom plate 2 in parallel, two Y-axis cross beams 5 are arranged, and the two Y-axis cross beams 5 are arranged between the adjacent upright posts 4 in parallel. Be equipped with linear module on stand 4, the fixed setting in linear module in 5 both ends of Y axle crossbeam, on the fixed linear module that sets up on Y axle crossbeam 5 in 8 both ends of X axle crossbeam, slip table 12 slides and sets up on the linear module on X axle crossbeam 8, and a plurality of linear modules set up through the drive of first motor 6 respectively. In this embodiment, the linear module adopts closed linear module, prevents that the powder from getting into transmission system in, causes the precision to destroy.

The Z-axis rotating assembly 91 comprises a mounting frame 102, an inner cavity shaft 107 and an optical channel 109, the mounting frame 102 is sleeved outside the inner cavity shaft 107, a bearing 108 for a shaft is arranged between the mounting frame 102 and the inner cavity shaft 107, and the optical channel 109 is arranged on the inner cavity shaft 107. Fixed second motor 101 that sets up on mounting bracket 102, rotate on the second motor 101 and set up transmission shaft 103, the fixed driving gear 104 that sets up on the transmission shaft 103, inner chamber axle 107 outer wall cover is equipped with driven gear 106, inner chamber axle 107 sets up through driven gear 106 and driving gear 104 intermeshing and rotates the setting in mounting bracket 102, the transmission shaft 103 other end corresponds mounting bracket 102 inner wall setting through bearing frame 105.

The Y-axis rotating assembly 92 is arranged in the same structure as the Z-axis rotating assembly 91, the mounting frame 102 of the Y-axis rotating assembly 92 is connected with the inner cavity shaft 107 of the Z-axis rotating assembly 91, the powder feeding head 301 is connected and arranged on the inner cavity shaft 107 of the Y-axis rotating assembly 92, and the powder feeding head 301 and the Y-axis rotating assembly 92 are arranged in a mutually perpendicular mode.

The end part of the Z-axis rotating assembly 91 is correspondingly provided with a beam expander 201, the lower end part of the inner cavity shaft 107 in the Z-axis rotating assembly 91 is provided with a first reflector 202, the first reflector 202 inclines upwards by 135 degrees, the end, which is not connected with the Z-axis rotating assembly 91, of the inner cavity shaft 107 of the Y-axis rotating assembly 92 is internally provided with a second reflector 203, the second reflector 203 inclines downwards by 45 degrees, and a focusing mirror 204 and a protective mirror 205 are sequentially arranged in the powder feeding head 301.

The working principle is as follows: the inert gas environment is kept in the movement mechanism 1, the first motor 6 is started, the Y-axis cross beam 5 moves in the Z-axis direction between the upright posts 4 through the first motor 6 on the upright post 4, the X-axis cross beam 8 moves in the Y-axis direction between the Y-axis cross beam 5 through the first motor 6 on the Y-axis cross beam 5, the laser processing head moves in the X-axis direction on the X-axis cross beam 8 through the first motor 6 on the X-axis cross beam 8, the laser processing head performs multi-axis synchronous feeding movement in the same direction, the powder feeding head 301 performs rotary movement around the Z-axis direction through the Z-axis rotation assembly 91, and the powder feeding head 301 performs rotary movement around the Y-axis direction through the Y-axis rotation assembly 92;

the laser enters the optical channel 109 through the beam expander 201 and irradiates the first reflector 202, the laser is reflected by the first reflector 202 and penetrates through the inner cavity shaft 107 of the second reflector 203 until the laser irradiates the second reflector 203 in the Y-axis rotating assembly 92, the second reflector 203 reflects the irradiated laser to the powder feeding head 301, the laser penetrates through the powder feeding head 301 to process curved metal parts on the workbench 11, and the forming of the metal parts is completed.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims

1. A light multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increase device is characterized by comprising a movement mechanism (1), a bottom plate (2) and a laser processing mechanism (9);

the movement mechanism (1) comprises upright columns (4), Y-axis cross beams (5) and X-axis cross beams (8), the upright columns (4) are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate (2), and the Y-axis cross beams (5) are movably arranged between the adjacent upright columns (4) along the Z-axis direction;

the X-axis cross beam (8) is movably arranged between the Y-axis cross beams (5) which are parallel to each other along the Y-axis direction, and a sliding table (12) is arranged on the X-axis cross beam (8) in a sliding manner along the X-axis direction;

the laser processing mechanism (9) comprises a Z-axis rotating assembly (91), a Y-axis rotating assembly (92) and a powder feeding head (301), one end of the Z-axis rotating assembly (91) is arranged below the sliding table (12), and the other end of the Z-axis rotating assembly (91) drives the Y-axis rotating assembly (92) to rotate circumferentially around the Z-axis direction;

the powder feeding head (301) is circumferentially and rotatably arranged at the end part of the Y-axis rotating assembly (92) along the Y-axis direction, and reflectors for refracting laser to the workbench (11) are arranged in the Z-axis rotating assembly (91) and the Y-axis rotating assembly (92);

the bottom plate (2) is rotatably provided with a workbench (11), and the powder feeding head (301) is matched with the workbench (11) in a rotating mode.

2. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increasing device is characterized in that the moving mechanism (1) is in a moving beam and fixed column gantry type moving mechanism structure, four upright columns (4) are vertically fixed on the bottom plate (2), the four upright columns (4) are arranged on four top corners of the bottom plate (2) in parallel, two Y-axis cross beams (5) are arranged, and the two Y-axis cross beams (5) are arranged between the adjacent upright columns (4) in parallel.

3. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increasing device according to claim 2, wherein linear modules are arranged on the stand column (4), two ends of the Y-axis cross beam (5) are fixedly arranged on the linear modules, two ends of the X-axis cross beam (8) are fixedly arranged on the linear modules on the Y-axis cross beam (5), the sliding table (12) is arranged on the linear modules on the X-axis cross beam (8) in a sliding mode, and the linear modules are arranged through driving of the first motor (6) respectively.

4. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition and material increase device according to claim 1, wherein the Z-axis rotating assembly (91) comprises a mounting frame (102), an inner cavity shaft (107) and a light channel (109), the mounting frame (102) is sleeved outside the inner cavity shaft (107), a shaft bearing (108) is arranged between the mounting frame (102) and the inner cavity shaft (107), and the light channel (109) is formed in the inner cavity shaft (107).

5. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition and material increase device according to claim 4, wherein a second motor (101) is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame (102), a transmission shaft (103) is rotatably arranged on the second motor (101), a driving gear (104) is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft (103), a driven gear (106) is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner cavity shaft (107), the inner cavity shaft (107) is rotatably arranged in the mounting frame (102) through the mutual meshing arrangement of the driven gear (106) and the driving gear (104), and the other end of the transmission shaft (103) is arranged corresponding to the inner wall of the mounting frame (102) through a bearing seat (105).

6. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition additive device according to claim 5, wherein the Y-axis rotating assembly (92) is arranged in the same structure as the Z-axis rotating assembly (91), a mounting frame (102) of the Y-axis rotating assembly (92) is connected with an inner cavity shaft (107) of the Z-axis rotating assembly (91), the powder feeding head (301) is connected and arranged on the inner cavity shaft (107) of the Y-axis rotating assembly (92), and the powder feeding head (301) and the Y-axis rotating assembly (92) are arranged perpendicularly to each other.

7. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition material increasing device according to claim 6, wherein a beam expander (201) is correspondingly arranged at the end of the Z-axis rotating assembly (91), a first reflector (202) is arranged at the lower end of an inner cavity shaft (107) in the Z-axis rotating assembly (91), the first reflector (202) is arranged to be inclined upwards by 135 degrees, a second reflector (203) is arranged in the end, which is not connected with the Z-axis rotating assembly (91), of the inner cavity shaft (107) of the Y-axis rotating assembly (92), the second reflector (203) is arranged to be inclined downwards by 45 degrees, and a focusing lens (204) and a protective lens (205) are sequentially arranged in the powder feeding head (301).

8. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition and material increase device is characterized in that a gear rack assembly (3) is arranged on the bottom plate (2), a two-dimensional rotary table (10) capable of rotating around the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction is arranged on the gear rack assembly (3), and the two-dimensional rotary table (10) is movably arranged in the Y-axis direction corresponding to the bottom plate (2) through the gear rack assembly (3).

9. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition and material increase device is characterized in that an atmosphere cabin is sleeved on the movement mechanism (1), an inert gas environment is manufactured in the atmosphere cabin in a circulating gas washing mode, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the atmosphere cabin is 5 mbar.

10. The light-weight multi-degree-of-freedom metal deposition additive device of claim 7, keeping an inert gas environment in the atmosphere cabin, starting a first motor (6), enabling the Y-axis beam (5) to move in the Z-axis direction between the upright columns (4) through the first motor (6) on the upright columns (4), the X-axis beam (8) moves in the Y-axis direction between the Y-axis beams (5) through a first motor (6) on the Y-axis beam (5), the laser processing head moves on the X-axis beam (8) in the X-axis direction through a first motor (6) on the X-axis beam (8), the laser processing head performs multi-axis synchronous feed motion in the same direction, and the powder feeding head (301) rotates around the Z-axis direction through the Z-axis rotating assembly (91), the powder feeding head (301) rotates around the Y-axis direction through the Y-axis rotating assembly (92);

the laser enters the light channel (109) through a beam expander (201) and irradiates to the first reflector (202), the inner cavity shaft (107) of the second reflector (203) is penetrated through the reflection of the first reflector (202), until the laser irradiates to the second reflector (203) in the Y-axis rotating assembly (92), the laser irradiated by the second reflector (203) is reflected to the powder feeding head (301), and the laser penetrates through the powder feeding head (301) to process curved metal parts on the workbench (11) to complete the forming of the metal parts.