CN113865825B - Multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flowing PIV loop experimental device - Google Patents
Multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flowing PIV loop experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of in-pipe turbulence drag reduction flow evaluation, and discloses a PIV loop experimental device and method for turbulent drag reduction flow of multifunctional finished oil. The device consists of a nitrogen purging system, a turbulence circulation testing system, an additive quantitative injection system, a PIV imaging and testing system and a testing fluid recovery and sampling system. The principle of the method is that the pressure difference delta P in the pipe under the condition of constant flow before and after adding the additive is measured 0 ，ΔP a Flow rate Q in pipe under constant pressure difference condition 0 ，Q a The instantaneous velocity u of the trace particles in the tube and taking a picture of the flow field evaluate the turbulent drag reduction performance of the additive. The experimental device can be used for realizing the evaluation of the turbulence drag reduction performance of the additive on the finished oil, the evaluation of pipe diameter effect, the evaluation of the influence of the roughness of the inner wall of the pipe, the evaluation of the influence of macroscopic flow velocity, the evaluation of the influence of the concentration and type of the additive and the molecular weight of the polymer on the turbulence drag reduction, the evaluation of the mechanical shearing degradation of the additive and the dynamic test of the structure of the turbulent drag reduction flow boundary layer of the circular pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of in-pipe turbulence drag reduction flow evaluation, in particular to a PIV loop experimental device for turbulent drag reduction flow of multifunctional finished oil.
Background
Turbulence is a complex flow phenomenon of multi-scale irregularities, and fluid can generate a large amount of energy dissipation under the action of strong turbulence disturbance. To reduce turbulent energy dissipation during transportation of the product oil, very small amounts of high molecular polymer drag reducers are typically added to the pipeline. However, the additive turbulent drag mechanism is not well understood due to the complex turbulent structure and the many factors that govern turbulent drag. Therefore, the small pipeline experimental device is invented to accurately evaluate the turbulent flow drag reduction efficiency of the additive and comprehensively describe the turbulent flow structure for reducing the flow, and has important significance for drag reduction prediction, energy conservation, consumption reduction and economic operation of long-distance pipeline transportation of the finished oil.
At present, the existing experimental evaluation of in-pipe turbulence drag reduction is mainly characterized by testing the change of pressure difference in a pipe before and after the injection of an additive, so that the drag reduction efficiency of the additive is quantitatively represented. However, the turbulent drag reduction evaluation device for flow in a finished oil pipe has the following problems:
(1) The flow regime defines a blur. The viscosity of the finished oil is larger than that of water, and the pressure difference or the flow velocity is higher than that of the water in the small-sized pipeline experiment device, so that the conventional small-sized pipeline experiment evaluation device can evaluate the turbulent drag reduction flow of the aqueous solution, but cannot evaluate the oil. The existing drag reduction evaluation loop device designed for the oil solution does not explicitly calibrate the ranges of parameters such as pipe diameter, pipe length, experimental pressure and the like, whether a completely developed turbulent flow state can be realized, whether a pressure difference test avoids a development transition section of the flow state or not can directly lead to larger errors of the drag reduction efficiency of the additive measured through experiments.
(2) Lack of microscopic assessment of drag reduction. The generation effect of the turbulent drag reduction of the additive can only be obtained from macroscopic angle measurement based on the differential pressure test principle, but the turbulent structure in the flow reduction resistance and the microscopic action mechanism of the additive on the turbulent flow cannot be obtained, so that the experimental bottleneck of the research on the turbulent drag reduction mechanism of the additive is formed.
(3) Drag reduction influencing factors are considered deficient. Additive turbulence drag reduction is subject to a number of factors and the factors interact with each other, e.g., drag reduction efficiencies produced by the same additive at the same flow rates at different pipe diameters may also be different. Therefore, the turbulence drag reduction efficiency in actual engineering is predicted by the small-sized loop turbulence drag reduction evaluation device, and parameters such as pipe diameter, pipe material, flow rate, polymer concentration, polymer type, polymer molecular weight and the like need to be comprehensively considered.
Therefore, to realize the macroscopic pressure difference and microscopic turbulence structure experimental test in the pipe, the development transition section is avoided, and each drag reduction influence factor is comprehensively tested, the accurate and simple PIV loop experimental device for the multifunctional turbulence drag reduction flow is urgently needed to be invented, and the device has important significance for the evaluation of the turbulence drag reduction flow in the pipe, the research of drag reduction mechanism and the drag reduction engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device, which tests the pressure difference and the turbulence structure of turbulence drag reduction flow in a finished oil pipe, thereby realizing the evaluation of drag reduction performance of the additive on the turbulence flow in the finished oil pipe and the observation of the turbulence drag reduction flow structure.
The invention discloses a multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following five systems.
A nitrogen purging system;
a turbulent flow circulation test system;
an additive dosing system;
PIV imaging and testing systems;
testing the fluid recovery and sampling system.
The nitrogen purging system comprises a 40L nitrogen bottle 9, a pressure reducing valve 10, a one-way valve 11, a one-way valve 15-5, a pressure gauge 17-1, a pressure gauge 17-2, a pressure gauge 17-3, a gate valve 21, a gate valve 22, a vent 12 and an experimental loop, and is shown in FIG. 1. The internal pressure of the 40L nitrogen cylinder 9 is 12.5MPa, the outlet is connected by adopting a stainless steel pipe, one end of the pressure reducing valve 10 is connected with the one-way valve 11 in parallel, the other end of the outlet of the 40L nitrogen cylinder 9 is connected with the gate valve 21, the one-way valve 15-5 is arranged before the stainless steel pipe is connected with an experimental loop, the stainless steel pipe is connected with the experimental loop in a welding mode, the pressure gauge 17-1, the pressure gauge 17-2 and the pressure gauge 17-3 are arranged along the pipeline for pressure monitoring during nitrogen purging, the downward emptying pipe section and the gate valve 22 are connected at the outlet of the one-way valve 15-5, and the secondary pressure control is realized by adjusting the opening of the gate valve 22.
The turbulence circulation test system comprises a 200L steel oil storage tank 7#, a centrifugal pump 14-1 and a matched adjustable rotating speed motor, wherein a one-way valve 15-1, a one-way valve 15-2, a one-way valve 15-5, a thermometer 16-1, a thermometer 16-2, a turbine flowmeter 13, a gate valve 19, a gate valve 20, a gate valve 23, a gate valve 24, a pressure gauge 17-1, a pressure gauge 17-2, a pressure gauge 17-3 and a parallel organic glass transparent test tube section group, wherein the parallel organic glass transparent test tube is connected in parallel with a circulation tube section at a position more than 10m away from an outlet of the heart pump 14-1, and the purpose is to ensure that fluid can fully develop into a turbulence state before an experimental loop. Transparent test tube of organic glassThe section group comprises a test pipe section 1# with an inner diameter of 15mm, the inner wall surface is not treated, and a pressure gauge 1-1, a pressure gauge 1-2, a gate valve 1-a and a gate valve 1-b are arranged in front of and behind the pipe section; the test tube section 2# is 30mm in inner diameter, the inner wall surface is not treated, and the pressure gauge 2-1, the pressure gauge 2-2, the gate valve 2-a and the gate valve 2-b are arranged in front of and behind the tube section; the test tube section 3# is 50mm in inner diameter, the inner wall surface is not treated, the pressure gauge 3-1, the pressure gauge 3-2, the gate valve 3-a and the gate valve 3-b are arranged in front of and behind the tube section, the test tube section 4# is 50mm in inner diameter, and the inner wall surface adopts nano tungsten oxide and TiO 2 Transparent coating of raw material by 15m 2 Preprocessing the spraying standard of/kg, and installing a pressure gauge 4-1, a pressure gauge 4-2 and a gate valve 4-a and a gate valve 4-b in front of and behind a pipe section; test tube section No. 5 is 50mm in inner diameter, and the inner wall surface is brushed with nano tungsten oxide and TiO 2 Transparent coating of raw material of 10m 2 And (3) carrying out preprocessing by brushing standard/kg, and installing a pressure gauge 5-1, a pressure gauge 5-2, a gate valve 5-a and a gate valve 5-b in front of and behind the pipe section. The parallel organic glass transparent test tube section group can select corresponding test tube sections by simultaneously opening (closing) a gate valve before and after a certain tube section, thereby realizing the influence evaluation of different tube diameters and different wall surface roughness on the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the additive.
The additive quantitative injection system comprises a 10ml glass measuring cylinder 8#, a Q/HDWXQ001-2001 model plunger pump 14-2, a one-way valve 15-3, a one-way valve 15-4, a gate valve 25 and an experimental loop, wherein the plunger pump 14-2 can realize the injection of micro additives in a circulating pipeline at a flow rate range of 0-80 ml/min and a pressure range of 0-8 MPa.
The PIV imaging and testing system consists of two pulsed lasers and optical path systems 27, a high speed camera 26, trace particles, a synchronization controller 28, and a computer 29 with PIV system software, as shown in FIG. 2. When in experiment, a certain amount of trace particles are needed to be added in the experiment loop in advance, one end of the synchronous controller is connected with the pulse laser and used for generating pulse signals to control the pulse laser to emit laser beams to the Y-axis direction of the transparent test tube section, and a laser irradiation surface is formed on the XY plane where the pipeline is positioned; the other end of the synchronous controller is connected with the high-speed camera, so that synchronous action between the high-speed camera and the computer is controlled, the high-speed camera shoots a flow field image along a horizontal Z axis, and meanwhile, PIV system software is used for completing data acquisition and storage. The irradiation positions and angles of the laser emitter and the high-speed camera can be changed along with the replacement of the test tube section, so that PIV particle velocity measurement and shooting imaging of the test fluid in the organic glass transparent test tube section are realized.
The test fluid recovery and sampling system comprises a 200L steel recovery tank 6#, a gate valve 18, a gate valve 20 and an experimental loop, and is matched with the turbulence circulation test system to realize recovery and sampling of test oil products, wherein a sampling port is arranged at the lower end of the 200L steel recovery tank 6#, so that the test fluid is subjected to oil product analysis after the experiment is completed.
Drawings
The purpose of the attached drawings is as follows: in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments and technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are required for the embodiments will be simply labeled and described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a finished oil turbulent drag reducing flow PIV loop experimental apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PIV imaging and testing system.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions in this specification, a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings in one or more embodiments of this specification, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the specification, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which may be made by one or more embodiments of the disclosure without undue effort by one of ordinary skill in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the disclosure.
Embodiment 1: evaluation of turbulence drag reduction performance of additive on finished oil
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for evaluating the turbulence drag reduction performance of the additive on the finished oil. By using the experimental device, under the condition of testing constant flow, the pressure difference change at two ends of the test tube section before and after the additive is added, so that the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the additive to the test fluid is calculated, and the drag reduction efficiency is calculated by the following expression:
wherein DeltaP a ，ΔP 0 The pressure difference is Pa of the finished oil solution containing the additive and the finished oil solution without the additive under the same flow rate.
The method for evaluating the turbulent drag reduction performance of the additive on the finished oil comprises the following specific implementation steps:
firstly, a storage tank 6#, a storage tank 7#, a storage tank 8#, a gate valve 18 in front of the tank, a gate valve 23, a gate valve 24 and a gate valve 25 are closed, a parallel organic glass transparent test tube section 3# is connected into an experimental loop to form a passage, the rest test tube sections are temporarily closed, a nitrogen bottle 9 is slowly opened, pressure readings on the nitrogen bottle are observed, the pressure is regulated to 0.2MPa by a pressure reducing valve 10, readings of a pressure gauge 17-1, a pressure gauge 17-2 and a pressure gauge 17-3 are observed at the moment, the opening of the gate valve 22 is regulated to be equal or close to the pressure readings of the three, the pressure is slowly increased to 0.4MPa by the pressure reducing valve 10 and is continuously maintained for 5-10 min, and then the experimental loop purging before the experiment is completed. And in the same way, the test tube section 1#, the test tube section 2#, the test tube section 4#, and the test tube section 5#, and repeating the operations to complete the purging of all experimental loops.
After purging is completed, adding the pure solution of the finished oil into a storage tank 7#, adding the drag reducer into a 10ml measuring cylinder 8#, opening a gate valve 23, a gate valve 24, a one-way valve 15-1 and a one-way valve 15-2, closing a gate valve 19, opening a centrifugal pump 14-1, regulating the rotation speed of the pump 14-1 and applying delta P 0 The pressure difference of 1000 Pa to 5000Pa enables the pure solution of the finished oil to circularly flow in the loop device, then the gate valve 25, the one-way valve 15-3 and the one-way valve 15-4 are opened, the plunger pump 14-2 is started, and the corresponding delta P is applied by the regulating pump 14-2 0 The differential pressure of +50=1050-5050 Pa is injected into a circulating pipeline, the reading of a turbine flowmeter 13 is monitored to keep constant in the experiment, and the readings of a pressure gauge before and after the drag reducer is injected into the two ends of a test tube segment 1#, a test tube segment 2#, a test tube segment 3#, a test tube segment 4#, and a test tube segment 5# are respectively read to obtain the drag reducer containing and drag reducer free under constant flow rateDifferential pressure delta P generated by flowing finished oil solution through test tube section a ，ΔP 0 And calculating the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the drag reducer on the finished oil solution, thereby evaluating the turbulent drag reduction performance of the drag reducer.
In the embodiment 1, the drag reducer is directly injected into the loop, so that the obvious change of the flow rate of the loop caused by diluting the drag reducer first and then adding the drag reducer is avoided, and the flow rate in the pipe can be regarded as constant under the condition that the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump is kept unchanged after the drag reducer is added because the concentration of the drag reducer is usually in parts per million (ppm).
The object of drag reduction performance evaluation in embodiment 1 is not limited to the finished oil solution, but is also applicable to turbulent drag reduction performance evaluation of additives such as water-soluble polymers, surfactants, and plant fibers.
Embodiment 2: evaluation of additive turbulence drag reduction pipe diameter effect
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for evaluating the additive turbulence drag reduction pipe diameter effect. The evaluation of the turbulent drag reduction pipe diameter effect of the additive is divided into two parts: macroscopic drag reduction differential pressure test evaluation and microscopic turbulence structure test evaluation.
The macroscopic drag reduction differential pressure test evaluation is to use the experimental device to test the differential pressure change delta P at two ends of the test tube sections 1#, 2# and 3# with different tube diameters respectively under the same constant flow conditions before and after the same concentration drag reducer is added a ，ΔP 0 Calculating drag reduction efficiency DR of the additive on the finished oil in test tube section 1#, test tube section 2#, and test tube section 3# 1 ，DR 2 ，DR 3 Thereby evaluating the turbulent drag reduction performance of the additive on the finished oil in different pipe diameters. The implementation steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, firstly, the purging of the test tube section 1#, the test tube section 2#, the test tube section 3# and corresponding loops thereof is finished, the fluid circulation experiment is finished in the test tube section 1#, the test tube section 2#, and the test tube section 3# according to the embodiment 1, the readings of pressure gauges at the two ends of the test tube section 1#, the test tube section 2#, and the test tube section 3# are recorded respectively, and the finished oil solution containing the drag reducer and the finished oil solution without the drag reducer under the same constant flow rate is calculated to flow through the test tube section 1#, the test tube section 2#Differential pressure ΔP generated by test tube segment 3# a ，ΔP 0 And calculating the drag reduction efficiency DR of the additive finished oil solution flowing through the test pipe sections with different pipe diameters, so as to evaluate the turbulent drag reduction pipe diameter effect of the additive.
And the microscopic turbulence structure test evaluation is to start an PIV imaging and testing system by using the experimental device, add a small amount of trace particles into the oil storage tank 7# in advance, and start the experiment under the same experimental conditions (same additive concentration, additive type, flow and temperature) of the macroscopic drag reduction differential pressure test. In the experiment, the pulse laser 27 and the high-speed camera 26 are placed according to the direction shown in fig. 2, are sequentially fixed on the outer sides of the same positions of the test tube section 1#, the test tube section 2#, and the test tube section 3#, three independent drag reduction flow tests are carried out, the test implementation is based on the macroscopic drag reduction differential pressure test evaluation method, the synchronous controller 28 is controlled by PC-end PIV system software, the instantaneous speed u of trace particles and a plurality of flow field pictures in a time interval t are respectively acquired, parameters such as the pulse speed u', the turbulence intensity I, the turbulence energy k and the like are obtained through calculation of the instantaneous speed u, and the microstructure of drag reduction fluid in different pipe diameters is further analyzed by combining the flow field pictures obtained through shooting of the high-speed camera 26, so that the turbulent pipe diameter effect of the additive is evaluated.
When a flow field picture is shot, in order to eliminate the local reflection of light caused by the curvature of the circular tube and the light refraction influence of the circular tube, the flow field speed is required to be corrected, and the correction calculation expression is as follows:
nsinI＝n'sinI'
wherein n, n 'are refractive indices of an incident medium and a refractive medium under the influence of partial reflection, respectively, and I, I' are an incident angle and a refractive angle, respectively, rad.
Embodiment 3: evaluation of influence of roughness on inner wall of additive turbulence drag reduction pipe
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for evaluating the influence of the roughness of the inner wall of the additive turbulence drag reduction pipe.
The experimental device is used for evaluating the influence of the roughness on the inner wall of the additive turbulence drag reduction pipe, and the experimental device is used for respectively testing the test pipe sections 3#, the test pipe sections,The pressure difference change delta P of the two ends of the test tube section 4# and the test tube section 5# under the same constant flow condition before and after the same concentration drag reducer is added a ，ΔP 0 Calculating drag reduction efficiency DR of the additive on the finished oil in test tube section 3#, test tube section 4#, and test tube section 5# 4 ，DR 5 ，DR 6 Thereby evaluating the effect of the roughness of the inner wall of the additive turbulence drag reducing tube.
The implementation steps are the same as those of the embodiment 2, and are divided into a macroscopic drag reduction differential pressure test and a microscopic turbulence structure test, wherein the difference is that the test pipe section is switched into a test pipe section 3#, a test pipe section 4#, and a test pipe section 5#. Wherein the test tube section 3# is transparent organic glass with untreated inner wall surface, and the inner wall surface of the test tube section 4# adopts nano tungsten oxide and TiO 2 Transparent coating of raw material by 15m 2 Spraying pretreatment is carried out according to the kg spraying standard, and the inner wall surface of the test tube section No. 5 adopts nano tungsten oxide and TiO 2 Transparent coating of raw material of 10m 2 And (3) carrying out brush coating pretreatment according to a kg brush coating standard, using a comparison method and taking the roughness of the inner wall of the pipe section 3# as a standard, and respectively measuring the roughness of the inner wall of the test pipe section 3#, the test pipe section 4#, and the test pipe section 5# by adopting a laser length measurement technology to realize the calibration quantification of the roughness of the inner wall of the pipe.
By adopting the testing method in the embodiment 2, the additive finished oil solution is respectively tested to pass through the drag reduction efficiency DR and the instantaneous speed u in the test tube section 3#, the test tube section 4#, and the test tube section 5# of different inner wall roughness, and a turbulence flow field picture is obtained by shooting, so that the influence evaluation of the inner wall roughness of the additive turbulence drag reduction tube is realized.
Embodiment 4: evaluation of the effects of additive concentration, additive type, polymer molecular weight on turbulent drag reduction
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for evaluating the factors of the concentration of additives, the types of the additives and the molecular weight of polymers on turbulence drag reduction. The evaluation method is the same as that of embodiment 1, except for the change of the additive injection flow and the replacement of the injection reagent.
Evaluation of the additive concentration on the turbulence drag reduction influence factor of the finished oil is carried out by recordingTime t i The injection concentration of the additive is calculated by calculating the volume change in the inner steel oil storage tank 7# and the glass measuring cylinder 8# and the calculation expression is as follows:
wherein θ (t) i ) At t i Injection concentration of additive, ppm, deltaV over time a (t i )，ΔV 0 The solution of the finished oil containing the additive and the solution of the finished oil without the additive are respectively t in a steel oil storage tank # 7 and a glass measuring cylinder # 8 i Volume change over time, ml.
During experiments, the readings of the turbine flowmeter 13 are monitored to keep constant, and the readings of the pressure gauges before and after the additives are injected into the two ends 1# of the test tube section, the 2# of the test tube section, the 3# of the test tube section, the 4# of the test tube section and the 5# of the test tube section are respectively read to obtain the differential pressure delta P generated when the finished oil solutions of the additives with different concentrations flow through the test tube section under constant flow rate ai And (theta), calculating the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the theta additives with different concentrations on the finished oil solution, thereby realizing the influence evaluation of the additive concentration on the turbulent drag reduction of the finished oil.
The method is characterized in that the influence of additive types and polymer molecular weights on turbulence drag reduction of the finished oil is evaluated, additives with different additive types and different polymer molecular weights are filled into a glass measuring cylinder 8#, the method adopts the embodiment 1, multiple experiments are carried out in the same test tube section under the same constant flow and same temperature conditions, and the pressure difference change delta P at two ends of the test tube section is recorded a ，ΔP 0 The drag reduction efficiency is calculated, and therefore the evaluation of the additive type and the polymer molecular weight on the turbulence drag reduction influence factors of the finished oil is obtained through analysis.
During the experiment, the drying glass measuring cylinder 8# is fully cleaned when the additive agent is replaced, the experiment loop purging is completed according to the embodiment 1 after the current experiment data acquisition is completed, and the next experiment can be carried out after the drying of the inner wall of the tube is completed.
Embodiment 5: evaluation of additive turbulence drag reduction macroscopic flow velocity influence
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for evaluating the influence of additive turbulence drag reduction macroscopic flow velocity. The PIV loop experimental device is used for evaluating the influence of the turbulent drag reduction macroscopic flow velocity of the additive, and the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the additive on a test solution is calculated by testing the flow change in the experimental loop before and after the additive under the condition of constant pressure difference, wherein the calculation expression of the drag reduction efficiency is as follows:
wherein Q is a ，Q 0 The flow rates of the additive-containing and additive-free finished oil solutions at the same pressure drop are respectively m 3 /s。
During experiments, any one of test tube section 1#, test tube section 2#, test tube section 3#, test tube section 4# or test tube section 5# is selected to be connected to an experiment loop device, the experiment loop purging is completed according to the embodiment 1, the one-way valve 15-4 is closed, namely the additive injection channel is closed, the gate valve 18, the gate valve 21 and the gate valve 22 are closed, and the volume V is firstly set to be 0 Adding pure product oil solution into storage tank 7#, opening gate valve 23, gate valve 24, one-way valve 15-1, one-way valve 15-2, opening centrifugal pump 14-1, closing gate valve 19 to make the product oil solution circularly flow in experimental loop device, recording readings of pressure gauge 17-1, pressure gauge 17-3 and flow meter 13, and reading Q of flow meter 13 0 Calculate the differential pressure delta P of the readings of the two pressure gauges 0 After the experiment of the pure oil solution is finished, the volume is V a Adding the additive into the finished oil storage tank 7# and properly stirring and standing for one day, starting an annular experiment of the finished oil solution containing the additive after the additive is completely dissolved in the finished oil, wherein the test implementation mode is the same as that of the annular experiment of the pure finished oil solution, keeping the gate valve 23, the gate valve 24, the one-way valve 15-1 and the one-way valve 15-2 open, opening the centrifugal pump 14-1, closing the gate valve 19, enabling the finished oil solution containing the additive to circularly flow in an experimental annular device, recording the readings of the pressure gauge 17-1 and the pressure gauge 17-3, and adjusting the rotation speed of the pump to enable the pressure difference delta P of the readings of the two pressure gauges to be the same a Differential pressure delta P with pure product oil solution 0 The same, record meter 13 reading Q a And calculating to obtain macroscopic flow velocity and drag reduction efficiency after adding the additive, thereby realizing the influence evaluation of the macroscopic flow velocity of the turbulent drag reduction of the additive.
Embodiment 6: evaluation of mechanical shearing degradation of additives
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for evaluating mechanical shearing degradation of additives. The mechanical shear degradation rate Deg (t) of the additive during turbulent drag reduction is evaluated by testing the drag reduction efficiency of the additive at different experimental times under the same constant flow and same temperature conditions, and the calculation expression is as follows:
wherein DR deg (t), DR is the turbulent drag reduction efficiency of the same concentration additive solution at time t and time 0, respectively, under the same experimental conditions.
Experimental embodiment As in embodiment 5, any one of test tube segment 1#, test tube segment 2#, test tube segment 3#, test tube segment 4# or test tube segment 5# is selected to be connected to an experimental loop device, the experimental loop purging is completed according to embodiment 1, the check valve 15-4 is closed, namely the additive injection channel is closed, the gate valve 18, the gate valve 21 and the gate valve 22 are closed, drag reducer finished oil solution with the concentration theta is prepared and added into the storage tank 7#, the gate valve 23, the gate valve 24, the check valve 15-1 and the check valve 15-2 are opened, the gate valve 19 is closed, the centrifugal pump 14-1 is opened, the centrifugal pump 14-1 is operated under the condition of fixed rotating speed n, the additive finished oil solution circularly flows in the experimental loop device, the readings of the pressure gauge 17-1, the pressure gauge 17-3 and the flow meter 13 are recorded every 1min from the moment 0, and the differential pressure delta P of the readings of the two pressure gauges is calculated a (t) calculating the drag reduction efficiency DR, DR at time 0 and at any time t according to the calculation formula in embodiment 1 deg And (t) calculating the mechanical shear degradation rate Deg (t) of the additive during turbulent drag reduction, thereby realizing evaluation of the mechanical shear degradation of the additive.
Embodiment 7: dynamic test of circular tube turbulence drag reduction flow boundary layer structure
The multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device can be used for dynamic testing of the circular tube turbulence drag reduction flow boundary layer structure. The PIV imaging and testing system is used for observing the instantaneous speed u of the trace particles of the circular tube turbulence drag reduction boundary layer and the photographed flow field pictures in real time, so that the dynamic test of the circular tube turbulence drag reduction flow boundary layer structure is realized, the additive turbulence drag reduction mechanism is researched, and an experiment and theoretical basis is provided for additive turbulence drag reduction.
The embodiment is the same as the test evaluation of the micro-turbulence structure in the embodiment 2, the PIV imaging and testing system is started, any one of test tube segment 1#, test tube segment 2#, test tube segment 3#, test tube segment 4# or test tube segment 5# is selected to be connected to the experimental loop device, the experimental loop purging is completed according to the embodiment 1, the one-way valve 15-4 is closed, namely the additive injection channel is closed, the gate valve 18, the gate valve 21 and the gate valve 22 are closed, the drag reducer finished oil solution with the pre-prepared concentration theta is added into the storage tank 7#, after a small amount of trace particles are added into the oil storage tank 7#, the gate valve 23, the gate valve 24, the one-way valve 15-1 and the one-way valve 15-2 are opened, the gate valve 19 is closed, the centrifugal pump 14-1 is opened, and the centrifugal pump 14-1 is operated under the condition of fixed rotation speed n, so that the additive finished oil solution circularly flows in the experimental loop device. In the experiment, the pulse laser 27 and the high-speed camera 26 are placed in the direction shown in fig. 2, and are sequentially fixed on the outer side of the test tube section, the test implementation is based on the macroscopic drag reduction differential pressure test evaluation method in the implementation 2, and the synchronous controller 28 is controlled by the PIV system software at the PC end to respectively collect the time t i Instantaneous velocity u and flow field pictures of internal trace particles, passing time interval t i The instantaneous speed u in the flow velocity measuring device is calculated to obtain parameters such as a pulsation speed u', a turbulence intensity I, a turbulence energy k and the like, and the flow field pictures obtained by shooting by the high-speed camera 26 are combined to further analyze and obtain boundary layer microstructures of drag reduction flow at different times, so that dynamic test of the boundary layer structure of the circular tube turbulence drag reduction flow is realized.
Claims (1)
1. Multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flowing PIV loop experimental device is characterized in thatThe device consists of a nitrogen purging system, a turbulence circulation testing system, an additive quantitative injection system, a PIV imaging and testing system and a testing fluid recovery and sampling system; the nitrogen purging system is directly connected with the experimental loop and is used for cleaning impurities in the pipe and residues of the test fluid; the turbulence circulation test system is used for circularly testing the turbulence drag reduction flow of the finished oil; the additive quantitative injection system is directly connected with the experimental loop and is used for quantitative injection of the additive; the PIV imaging and testing system is arranged outside the transparent testing tube section and is used for testing flow field information and shooting flow field images; the test fluid recovery and sampling system is directly connected with the experimental loop and is used for recovering and sampling the test fluid; the multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device is characterized in that the nitrogen purging system comprises a 40L nitrogen cylinder 9, a pressure reducing valve 10, a one-way valve 11, a one-way valve 15-5, a pressure gauge 17-1, a pressure gauge 17-2, a pressure gauge 17-3, a gate valve 21, a gate valve 22, a vent 12 and an experimental loop; the internal pressure of the 40L nitrogen cylinder 9 is 12.5MPa, and the outlet is connected by adopting a stainless steel pipe; one end of the pressure reducing valve 10 is connected with the one-way valve 11 in parallel, then is connected with a 40L nitrogen cylinder outlet, and the other end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with the gate valve 21; the one-way valve 15-5 is arranged before the stainless steel pipe is connected with the experimental loop, and the stainless steel pipe is connected with the experimental loop in a welding mode; the pressure gauge 17-1, the pressure gauge 17-2 and the pressure gauge 17-3 are respectively arranged at the fluid outlet, the parallel pipeline inlet and the fluid reflux; the outlet of the one-way valve 15-5 is connected with a downward emptying pipe section and the gate valve 22; the multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device is characterized in that the turbulence circulation testing system comprises a 200L steel oil storage tank 7#, a centrifugal pump 14-1, a matched adjustable rotating speed motor, a one-way valve 15-1, a one-way valve 15-2, a one-way valve 15-5, a thermometer 16-1, a thermometer 16-2, a turbine flowmeter 13, a gate valve 19, a gate valve 20, a gate valve 23, a gate valve 24, a pressure gauge 17-1, a pressure gauge 17-2, a pressure gauge 17-3 and a parallel organic glass transparent test pipe section group; the parallel organic glass transparent test tube is connected in parallel with the circulating tube section at a position which is more than 10m away from the outlet of the heart pump 14-1; the organic glass transparent test tube section group comprises a testThe inner diameter of the test tube section 1# is 15mm, the inner wall surface is untreated, the inner diameter of the test tube section 2# is 30mm, the inner wall surface is untreated, the inner diameter of the test tube section 3# is 50mm, the inner wall surface is untreated, the inner diameter of the test tube section 4# is 50mm, and the inner wall surface adopts nano tungsten oxide and TiO 2 Transparent coating of raw material by 15m 2 Preprocessing the test tube section 5# inner diameter of 50mm according to a kg spraying standard, wherein the inner wall surface adopts nano tungsten oxide and TiO 2 Transparent coating of raw material of 10m 2 Preprocessing by adopting a kg brushing standard; the multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device is characterized in that the drag reduction agent quantitative injection system comprises a 10ml glass measuring cylinder 8#, a Q/HDWXQ001-2001 type plunger pump 14-2, a one-way valve 15-3, a one-way valve 15-4 and a gate valve 25, and is directly connected into an experimental loop; the multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device is characterized in that the PIV imaging and testing system consists of two pulse lasers, a light path system 27, a high-speed camera 26, trace particles, a synchronous controller 28 and a computer 29 provided with PIV system software, wherein the pulse lasers emit laser beams to the Y-axis direction of a transparent test tube section, a laser irradiation surface is formed on an XY plane where the test tube section is positioned, the high-speed camera shoots flow field images along a Z axis, and irradiation positions and angles of the pulse lasers and the high-speed camera can be changed along with the replacement of the test tube section; the multifunctional finished oil turbulence drag reduction flow PIV loop experimental device is characterized in that the test fluid recovery and sampling system comprises a 200L steel recovery tank 6#, a gate valve 18 and a gate valve 20, the test fluid recovery and sampling system is directly connected with an experimental loop, and a sampling port is arranged at the lower end of the 200L steel recovery tank 6#.
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