CN113835674A - Four-quadrant multiplier for metering electric energy meter with variable speed - Google Patents
Four-quadrant multiplier for metering electric energy meter with variable speed Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/52—Multiplying; Dividing
- G06F7/523—Multiplying only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/48—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using non-contact-making devices, e.g. tube, solid state device; using unspecified devices
- G06F7/57—Arithmetic logic units [ALU], i.e. arrangements or devices for performing two or more of the operations covered by groups G06F7/483 – G06F7/556 or for performing logical operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/124—Sampling or signal conditioning arrangements specially adapted for A/D converters
- H03M1/1245—Details of sampling arrangements or methods
- H03M1/126—Multi-rate systems, i.e. adaptive to different fixed sampling rates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-quadrant multiplier for metering a variable-rate electric energy meter, and relates to the field of electric energy metering. The conventional four-quadrant multiplier needs an LPF filter to filter out the doubled fundamental frequency component cos (2 ω t), and since the filter necessarily has a response time, and the LPF has a narrow bandwidth and a long response time with respect to the sampling rate, the dynamic metering effect is inevitably affected. The invention uses the whole cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit to replace the traditional two-stage LPF filter, and adds an ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit in the voltage input channel. The second-stage filter of the traditional electric energy metering four-quadrant multiplier is eliminated, the whole cycle accumulation averaging circuit is changed, the whole cycle accumulation and averaging method is used for obtaining the cycle average power, the better metering dynamic response performance can be obtained, and the ADC sampling rate dynamic adjusting circuit dynamically adjusts the ADC sampling rate by measuring the number of sampling points of a single or a plurality of cycles of a fundamental wave signal, so that synchronous sampling is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric energy metering, in particular to a four-quadrant multiplier for metering a variable-speed electric energy meter.
Background
Digital four-quadrant multipliers are well established for use in a number of technology areas.
For a single-phase electric meter, a typical application of the four-quadrant multiplier is shown in fig. 1, and generally, the three-way ADC is used for a live current input, a voltage signal input, and a neutral current input, where the ADC2 is a voltage signal input. After ADC sampling, voltage and current signals are converted into digital values from analog values, power is obtained after multiplication according to a fixed sampling rate, the voltage and current signals have related low-pass filters and/or high-pass filters and related correction currents, and alternating current components are filtered by the low-pass filters after multiplication of the two paths of digital signals.
Assume that the voltage signal is:
the current signal is:
the multiplied power signal is:
wherein
The multiplied dc component is also a meaningful power signal, and the ac component cos (2 ω t) needs to be filtered out by the filter LPF.
For the existing three-phase four-wire electric meter, a typical application of the four-quadrant multiplier is shown in fig. 2, and generally, the three-phase four-wire electric meter has at least 3 four-quadrant multipliers, which respectively implement the following three multiplications:
for the existing three-phase three-wire electric meter, a typical application of the four-quadrant multiplier is shown in fig. 3, generally, the three-phase three-wire has at least 2 four-quadrant multipliers, which respectively implement the following 2 multiplications:
all the above conventional four-quadrant multipliers can better realize the multiplication function of the smart meter, and all of them have a common point that an LPF filter is needed to filter out the doubled fundamental frequency component cos (2 ω t). Because the filter necessarily has response time, and the bandwidth of the LPF is narrow relative to the sampling rate, the response time is also long, and the dynamic metering effect is necessarily affected. A filter on a sampling loop), which is generally a comb decimation filter, can have a better dynamic response, while the LPF filter reduces the overall dynamic response performance, and in order to improve the dynamic response performance of the whole system, the problem of the LPF filter needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved and the technical task provided by the invention are to perfect and improve the prior technical scheme, and provide a four-quadrant multiplier for metering a variable-rate electric energy meter, so as to improve the dynamic response performance of the whole system. Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A four-quadrant multiplier for metering an electric energy meter with variable speed comprises a plurality of input channels, at least one multi-bit multiplier and a full-cycle accumulation averaging circuit, wherein each input channel is sequentially connected in series by an analog-to-digital converter, a primary filter and a related correction circuit, the input channels comprise a current input channel and a voltage input channel, the related correction circuits of the current input channel and the voltage input channel are connected to a multiplier, the multiplier is connected to the full-cycle accumulation averaging circuit, input signals of the input channels are converted into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter, the digital signals are multiplied through the multiplier after being processed by the primary filter and the related correction circuit, and power output signals are obtained after alternating current components are filtered by the full-cycle accumulation averaging circuit. The whole-cycle accumulation averaging circuit is adopted to replace a traditional secondary filter, the fixed speed of the four-quadrant multiplier is changed into the adjustable speed, double frequency components can be effectively eliminated, the problem that the traditional secondary filter is long in response time is solved, and the dynamic response performance of the whole system is effectively improved.
As a further improvement and supplement to the above technical solutions, the present invention also includes the following additional technical features.
As a preferable technical means: the voltage input channel comprises a voltage input channel, an analog-to-digital converter and an ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit, wherein the voltage input channel comprises a voltage input channel, the voltage input channel comprises a voltage output end, the voltage output end is connected with the analog-to-digital converter, the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit is connected with the voltage input channel, and the voltage input channel comprises a voltage output end and a voltage output end. The fixed sampling point number of each cycle is ensured.
As a preferable technical means: the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit comprises a fundamental wave filter, a sampling point calculating circuit and a sampling clock adjusting circuit, wherein the correlation correcting circuit is connected to the fundamental wave filter, the fundamental wave filter is connected to the sampling point calculating circuit, the sampling point calculating circuit is connected to the sampling clock adjusting circuit, the sampling clock adjusting circuit is connected to the output end of the analog-to-digital converter of the voltage input channel, the fundamental wave filter filters out harmonic components except the power frequency and eliminates the influence of the harmonic on the accuracy of a zero crossing point, the sampling point calculating circuit calculates the number of sampling points between two or a plurality of zero crossings, and the sampling clock adjusting circuit dynamically adjusts the sampling clock according to the number of the sampling points measured by the sampling point calculating circuit. Effectively realize ADC sampling rate automatic regulating circuit.
As a preferable technical means: and measuring the power of the required direct current component by adopting a formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, T represents the period of a power frequency signal, the typical value of T is 20ms, omega is the frequency of a power grid, and the typical value is 50 Hz; t is time; n is the number of sampling points; p (t) is an active power instantaneous value, u (t) is a grid voltage sampling value, and i (t) is a grid current sampling value; u is the voltage amplitude, I is the current amplitude; phi is the phase difference between the voltage and the current; a total of N samples in a period, where N is 128, 256, or 512; and accumulating the N sampling points and dividing by N to obtain the active power. Because the sampling point number of each cycle is selected to be 2^ N, such as 128/256/512, when accumulation and averaging are carried out, a divider is not needed, only the shifting operation is carried out, the structure is very simple to realize, the complexity of the circuit is not increased after the second-stage filter is replaced, the alternating current component can be counteracted when the whole cycle is accumulated, and the direct current component can be obtained.
As a preferable technical means: the sampling point calculating circuit calculates the number of sampling points in a plurality of periods. The accuracy can be effectively improved.
As a preferable technical means: in the sampling clock adjusting circuit, when the actually tested sampling point number and the power frequency sampling point number have deviation, the sampling rate is adjusted through an adjusting formula, wherein the adjusting formula is Fs 2-Fs 1-power frequency sampling point number/the currently tested sampling point number. And dynamically adjusting the sampling clock according to the number of actual test sampling points.
Has the advantages that: the cycle average power is obtained by a method of replacing a second-stage filter of a traditional electric energy metering four-quadrant multiplier and changing the second-stage filter into a whole cycle accumulation averaging circuit, and performing whole cycle accumulation and then averaging, so that better metering dynamic response performance can be obtained; through introducing ADC sampling rate dynamic adjustment circuit on traditional electric energy measurement four-quadrant multiplier's basis, through measuring the sampling point number of single or a plurality of cycles of fundamental wave signal, the dynamic adjustment ADC sampling rate realizes synchronous sampling, no matter how the input signal frequency changes, the sampling rate can follow thereupon and change, can realize the fixed sampling point number of every cycle like this.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a typical application of a four-quadrant multiplier of a single-phase electric meter in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a typical application of a four-quadrant multiplier of a three-phase four-wire electric meter in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a typical application of a four-quadrant multiplier of a three-phase three-wire electric meter in the prior art.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a typical application of the live wire power loop four-quadrant multiplier of the single-phase meter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ADC sampling rate auto-adjustment circuit according to the present invention.
In fig. 4 and 5: 1. an analog-to-digital converter; 2. a first order filter; 3. a correlation correction circuit; 4. a multiplier; 5. a whole cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit; 6. an ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit; 601. a fundamental wave filter; 602. a sampling point calculation circuit; 603. a sampling clock adjustment circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings in the specification.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, taking the live wire power loop of a single-phase meter as an example, a four-quadrant multiplier for metering a variable-rate electric energy meter comprises 2 input channels, namely a voltage input channel and a current input channel, a multi-bit multiplier 4 and a full-cycle accumulating and averaging circuit 5, each input channel is sequentially connected in series by an analog-to-digital converter 1, a primary filter 2 and a correlation correction circuit 3, the correlation correction circuits 3 of the current input channel and the voltage input channel are connected to a multiplier 4, the multiplier 4 is connected to a whole cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit 5, input signals of the input channels are converted into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter 1, the digital signals are multiplied through the multiplier 4 after being processed by the primary filter 2 and the correlation correction circuit 3, and alternating current components are filtered by the whole cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit 5 to obtain power output signals.
In order to ensure that the number of sampling points is fixed per cycle, the device also comprises an ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit 6, a related correcting circuit 3 of the voltage input channel is connected to the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit 6, the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit 6 is connected between the output end of the analog-to-digital converter 1 of the voltage input channel and the primary filter 2, and the sampling rate is adjusted along with the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit 6 when the input power frequency changes. The fixed sampling point number of each cycle is ensured.
In order to effectively realize the ADC sampling rate automatic adjustment circuit 6, the ADC sampling rate automatic adjustment circuit 6 includes a fundamental wave filter 601, a sampling point calculation circuit 602, and a sampling clock adjustment circuit 603, the correlation correction circuit 3 is connected to the fundamental wave filter 601, the fundamental wave filter 601 is connected to the sampling point calculation circuit 602, the sampling point calculation circuit 602 is connected to the sampling clock adjustment circuit 603, the sampling clock adjustment circuit 603 is connected to the output end of the analog-to-digital converter 1 of the voltage input channel, the fundamental wave filter 601 removes harmonic components other than the power frequency to eliminate the influence of the harmonic on the zero crossing accuracy, the sampling point calculation circuit 602 calculates the number of sampling points between two or more zero crossings, and the sampling clock adjustment circuit 603 dynamically adjusts the sampling clock according to the number of sampling points measured by the sampling point calculation circuit 602. The ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit 6 is effectively realized.
In order to obtain the direct current component, the power of the required direct current component is measured by adopting a formula as follows:
in the formula, T represents the period of a power frequency signal, the typical value of the power frequency is 50-Hz, the typical value of T is 20ms, 256 sampling points are totally obtained in one period, and the 256 sampling points are accumulated and divided by 256 to obtain the active power. In this example, assuming that the power frequency is 50Hz and the sampling rate is 12.8Khz, the number of sampling points per cycle is 256, 256 points are accumulated, and then divided by 256 to obtain the dc component
Namely: the required power is measured, the alternating current component is counteracted when 256 points of the whole cycle are accumulated, and because the number of sampling points of each cycle is selected to be 2^ N, such as 128/256/512 and the like, when the accumulation and the averaging are carried out, a divider is not needed, but only the shifting operation is carried out, thereby realizing the purposeThe structure is very simple, the complexity of a circuit is not increased after the second-stage filter is replaced, the alternating current component can be offset when the whole cycle is accumulated, and the direct current component can be obtained.
To improve accuracy, the sampling point calculation circuit 602 calculates the number of sampling points for a plurality of cycles. The accuracy can be effectively improved.
In order to dynamically adjust the sampling clock, in the sampling clock adjustment circuit 603, when there is a deviation between the actually tested sampling point number and the power frequency sampling point number, the sampling rate is adjusted by an adjustment formula, where the adjustment formula is Fs2 ═ Fs1 × power frequency sampling point number/current test sampling point number. According to the actual number of sampling points to be tested, dynamically adjusting a sampling clock, for example, 256 sampling points between two zero-crossing points, which means that the current power frequency is 50Hz, and the sampling rate is 12.8Khz, in order to improve the accuracy, the number of sampling points in multiple cycles is generally calculated, for example, 10 cycles or more, taking 10 cycles as an example, for a power frequency 50Hz sampling rate of 12.8 Khz: and the number of power frequency sampling points is 10 x Fs/F10 x 12.8KHz/50Hz 2560.
Assuming that the default sampling clock is 12.8Khz, the current power frequency is 50Hz, the system starts to measure, and if the number of currently tested sampling points is not 2560, but 2510, it indicates that the current power frequency has changed and is no longer 50Hz, and the sampling rate must be adjusted, and the adjustment formula is as follows: fs2 ═ Fs1 ═ 2560/current test sampling point ═ 12.8KHz ×) 2560/2510 ≈ 13.055KHz, where Fs1 is the current sampling frequency, the current test sampling point is the currently measured 10 cycle sampling point, and Fs2 is the sampling frequency adjusted according to power frequency changes.
The circuit of this example employs an integrated circuit.
The four-quadrant multiplier for metering of variable-rate electric energy meters shown in fig. 4 and 5 is a specific embodiment of the present invention, and has demonstrated the outstanding substantive features and significant improvements of the present invention, and it is within the scope of protection of the present solution to make equivalent modifications in shape, structure, etc. according to the practical needs of use and with the teaching of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A four-quadrant multiplier for metering a variable rate electric energy meter, comprising: the multi-channel power amplifier comprises a plurality of input channels, at least one multi-bit multiplier (4) and a full-cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit (5), wherein each input channel is sequentially connected in series by an analog-to-digital converter (1), a primary filter (2) and a correlation correction circuit (3), the input channels comprise a current input channel and a voltage input channel, the correlation correction circuits (3) of the current input channel and the voltage input channel are connected to the multiplier (4), the multiplier (4) is connected to the full-cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit (5), input signals of the input channels are converted into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter (1), the digital signals are multiplied through the multiplier (4) after being processed by the primary filter (2) and the correlation correction circuit (3), and power output signals are obtained after alternating current components are filtered by the full-cycle wave accumulation averaging circuit (5).
2. The four-quadrant multiplier for metering of a variable rate electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein: the automatic voltage input channel sampling rate adjusting circuit comprises an ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit (6), a related correcting circuit (3) of a voltage input channel is connected to the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit (6), the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit (6) is connected to the output end of an analog-to-digital converter (1) of the voltage input channel, and the sampling rate is adjusted along with the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit (6) when the input power frequency changes.
3. The four-quadrant multiplier for metering of a variable rate electric energy meter according to claim 2, wherein: the ADC sampling rate automatic adjusting circuit (6) comprises a fundamental wave filter (601), a sampling point calculating circuit (602) and a sampling clock adjusting circuit (603), the correlation correction circuit (3) is connected to a fundamental wave filter (601), the fundamental wave filter (601) is connected to a sampling point calculation circuit (602), the sampling point calculation circuit (602) is connected to a sampling clock adjustment circuit (603), the sampling clock adjustment circuit (603) is connected to the output end of an analog-to-digital converter (1) of a voltage input channel, the fundamental wave filter (601) filters out harmonic components except power frequency and eliminates the influence of the harmonic on the accuracy of a zero crossing point, the sampling point calculation circuit (602) calculates the number of sampling points between two or a plurality of zero crossings, and the sampling clock adjustment circuit (603) dynamically adjusts a sampling clock according to the number of the sampling points measured by the sampling point calculation circuit (602).
4. The four-quadrant multiplier for metering of a variable rate electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein: and measuring the power of the required direct current component by adopting a formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, T represents the period of a power frequency signal, the typical value of T is 20ms, omega is the frequency of a power grid, and the typical value is 50 Hz; t is time; n is the number of sampling points; p (t) is an active power instantaneous value, u (t) is a grid voltage sampling value, and i (t) is a grid current sampling value; u is the voltage amplitude, I is the current amplitude; phi is the phase difference between the voltage and the current; a total of N samples in a period, where N is 128, 256, or 512; and accumulating the N sampling points and dividing by N to obtain the active power.
5. A variable rate four quadrant multiplier for metering an electric energy meter according to claim 3, wherein: a sampling point calculation circuit (602) calculates the number of sampling points for a plurality of cycles.
6. A variable rate four quadrant multiplier for metering an electric energy meter according to claim 3, wherein: in the sampling clock adjusting circuit (603), when the actually tested sampling point number and the power frequency sampling point number have deviation, the sampling rate is adjusted through an adjusting formula, wherein the adjusting formula is Fs 2-Fs 1-power frequency sampling point number/the current testing sampling point number.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117388570A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司平阳县供电公司 | DC electric energy meter and electric energy metering method |
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| CN117388570A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司平阳县供电公司 | DC electric energy meter and electric energy metering method |
| CN117388570B (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-02-13 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司平阳县供电公司 | DC electric energy meter and electric energy metering method |
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