CN113821478A - Block chain-based large file storage method and system - Google Patents
Block chain-based large file storage method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a block chain-based large file storage method and a block chain-based large file storage system, wherein the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the plurality of small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel; returning the hash value group of the small file; initiating a storage transaction for storing a large file to the blockchain cluster, performing consensus on the storage transaction, and if nodes with preset number receive the storage transaction, the storage transaction consensus is successful; and automatically executing the storage transaction through the intelligent contract, and if the execution of the storage transaction is finished, successfully storing the large file into the block chain and feeding back a storage result. According to the method and the device, the whole process of storing the large files is uploaded to the block chain data in a transaction mode, the integrity of the recorded data in the whole process is guaranteed, and the cluster nodes are guaranteed to have uniform node credibility through a cluster consensus algorithm. The IPFS cluster is faster, safer and more open, so that the data reading efficiency is higher, and the problem that the storage security of the large file is insufficient and the reading efficiency is not high is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of blockchain technologies, and in particular, to a method and a system for storing a large file based on a blockchain.
Background
A file is a concept in an operating system, a file is a set of information stored on a computer by taking a computer hard disk as a carrier, and is a set of related information defined by a creator, and the file can be a text document, a picture, a program and the like.
A file has certain attributes such as name, size, location, type, etc. of the file. The file size refers to the actual file volume of the file, and if the size of a file itself is 6 bytes, the 6 bytes are referred to as the file size of the file.
The 'big file' means that the file itself is big and the occupied space of the file is also big as the name implies. In the prior art, one way to store large file data is to store the large file on a chain by a unique value of the file, and store the large file on a platform under the chain. This approach is equivalent to large files being stored on a centralized platform, with insufficient security and reading efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a block chain-based large file storage method and system, which aim to solve the problems of insufficient storage safety and low reading efficiency of large files in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a large file storage system based on a block chain, including a client, an IPFS cluster, and a block chain cluster, where:
the client is configured to perform the following steps: the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel;
the IPFS cluster is configured to perform the following steps; returning a plurality of hash value groups of the small files to the client;
the client is further configured to perform the steps of: initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to a blockchain cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, and the storage record comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and the hash value group;
the blockchain cluster is configured to perform the following steps: performing consensus on the storage transactions, wherein if nodes with preset number receive the storage transactions, the consensus on the storage transactions is successful; automatically performing the storage transaction by a smart contract to cause the set of index values and the set of hash values to be stored into a blockchain, the storage transaction being performed by all nodes in the blockchain cluster; if the execution of the storage transaction is completed, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and the storage result is fed back to the client;
the client is further configured to perform the steps of: and receiving the storage result.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a block chain-based large file storage method, including:
the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel;
returning a plurality of hash value groups of the small files;
initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to a blockchain cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, and the storage record comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and the hash value group;
performing consensus on the storage transactions, wherein if nodes with preset number receive the storage transactions, the consensus on the storage transactions is successful;
automatically performing the storage transaction by a smart contract to cause the set of index values and the set of hash values to be stored into a blockchain, the storage transaction being performed by all nodes in the blockchain cluster;
and if the execution of the storage transaction is completed, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and a storage result is fed back.
Further, the storage transaction is initiated by a first node in the blockchain cluster, the storage transaction including a first signature of the first node.
Further, the first node is any one node in the block chain cluster.
Further, consensus is performed on the storage transaction, including:
verifying a first signature of the stored transaction to generate a first verification result;
and selecting whether to receive the storage transaction according to the first verification result and a consensus rule.
Further, the consensus rule is pre-set according to the stored transaction and the first signature.
Further, the method further comprises: initiating a query transaction to query the large file, the query transaction initiated by a second node in the blockchain cluster, the query transaction including a second signature of the second node.
Further, the method further comprises: and checking the second signature, inquiring the storage record of the large file on the block chain if the second signature passes the check, and returning the storage record.
Further, the method further comprises: and acquiring the hash value groups of all the small files according to the index value groups and the hash value groups in the storage records, and acquiring the small files in parallel from other nodes in the IPFS cluster according to the hash value groups, wherein the small files contain the index values of the small files.
Further, the method further comprises: and assembling the small files into the large file according to the index value sequence, and feeding back an assembly result.
According to the technical scheme, the method and the system for storing the large file based on the block chain are provided, and the method comprises the steps of segmenting the large file into a plurality of small files and uploading the plurality of small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel; returning the hash value group of the small file; initiating a storage transaction for storing a large file to the blockchain cluster, performing consensus on the storage transaction, and if nodes with preset number receive the storage transaction, the storage transaction consensus is successful; and automatically executing the storage transaction through the intelligent contract, and if the execution of the storage transaction is finished, successfully storing the large file into the block chain and feeding back a storage result. According to the method and the device, the whole process of storing the large files is uploaded to the block chain data in a transaction mode, the integrity of the recorded data in the whole process is guaranteed, and the cluster nodes are guaranteed to have uniform node credibility through a cluster consensus algorithm. The IPFS cluster is faster, safer and more open, so that the data reading efficiency is higher, and the problem that the storage security of the large file is insufficient and the reading efficiency is not high is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a block chain-based large file storage method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an up-down flow process of a large file chain according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In a block chain, data storage is a crucial link, the method mainly solves the safety of large file storage and improves storage and reading efficiency through a block chain technology, forms a consensus through a transaction mode to record a large file fragment hash value set on a block and store the large file fragment in a distributed IPFS cluster, and realizes high-efficiency transmission of file information so as to improve operation efficiency and solve the safety problem of uplink storage of the large file.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a block chain-based large file storage method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is a block chain-based large file storage method, and for facilitating further understanding of a scheme, a federation chain in a block chain is taken as an example, and an actual operation is described in detail with reference to specific steps. As shown in fig. 1, a block chain-based large file storage method includes:
s1: the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the plurality of small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel;
IPFS is short for Inter planet File System, i.e. an interplanetary File System, and in some aspects is similar to the Web (World Wide Web, global Wide area network), but the Web is centralized, while it is a peer-to-peer distributed File System, intended to connect all computer devices with the same File System. IPFS employs a git (i.e., distributed version control system) warehouse distributed storage, providing a high-throughput content-addressed block storage model, with content-addressed hyperlinks. This forms a generalized Merkle DAG, i.e., merkel directed acyclic graph data structure (merkele DAG is used as the core data structure of IPFS, which merges the advantages of merkel Tree merkel trusted trees and DAG directed acyclic graphs), and this data structure can be used to construct version file systems, block chains, even permanent websites, etc.
IPFS is a progressive protocol, has a decentralized function, and can make the Internet faster, safer and more open. Moreover, IPFS combines a distributed hash table, a block exchange with an excitation mechanism and a self-authentication namespace are provided, a single fault point is not provided, and nodes do not need to trust each other. Based on this, in the embodiment of the present application, a client sends a request to segment a large file into a plurality of small files. Preferably, the large file is split into a plurality of limited small files (e.g. f1, f2, …, fn), and the split plurality of small files are uploaded to the IPFS cluster platform network in parallel, such as I1, I2, I3, I4 in fig. 1.
S2: returning hash value groups of a plurality of small files;
after the plurality of small files are uploaded to the IPFS cluster platform network, hash value sets (such as h1, h2, …, hn) of the plurality of small files are generated in the IPFS cluster platform network. One small file can correspond to one hash value, and the hash values of all the small files form a hash value group. The IPFS cluster platform network then returns the set of hash values for the doclet to the client.
S3: initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to a blockchain (such as a alliance chain) cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, and the storage record comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and a hash value group;
in fig. 2, for all nodes in the cluster, such as a, B, C, and D, in the federation chain, the client initiates a storage transaction requesting storage of a large file through a first node in the blockchain cluster, where the storage transaction has a first signature of the first node. The first node is any node in the blockchain cluster, the node B is assumed to be the first node, the storage transaction comprises storage records of large files, and the storage records comprise file names, file sizes, index value groups for file segmentation and hash value groups.
S4: performing consensus on the stored transactions, and if nodes with preset number receive the stored transactions, the stored transactions are successfully agreed;
during the consensus process, the nodes in the block chain cluster firstly check the first signature of the storage transaction and generate a first check result. And after the first signature is verified, the node selects whether to receive the storage transaction according to the first verification result and a consensus rule, wherein the consensus rule is preset according to the storage transaction and the first signature. When the number of nodes meeting the requirement of the consensus rule selects to receive the storage transaction, the storage transaction consensus is successful.
S5: automatically executing a storage transaction by the smart contract such that the set of index values and the set of hash values are stored in the blockchain, the storage transaction being executed by all nodes in the blockchain cluster;
in step S4, when the storage transaction consensus is successful, all nodes in the blockchain cluster execute the storage transaction so that the index value set and the hash value set of the plurality of small files are stored in the block.
S6: and if the execution of the storage transaction is completed, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and the storage result is fed back.
When the storage transaction consensus in step S4 is successful and the execution of the storage transaction in step S5 is completed, the storage uplink operation of the large file is completed, that is, the large file is successfully stored in the blockchain, and the stored result is fed back to the client.
After the large file is stored in the blockchain, the large file can be inquired and downloaded. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an uplink and downlink process of a large file chain according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, when querying and downloading a large file, the following steps are required:
s10: and initiating a query transaction for querying the large file, wherein the query transaction is initiated by a second node in the blockchain cluster, and the query transaction contains a second signature of the second node.
In a blockchain (federation chain) cluster, a query transaction for querying a large file may be initiated by a second node in the cluster, the query transaction including a second signature of the second node. The second node may be the same as or different from the first node, and is not specifically limited in this application. For example, any node may be assumed to send a query transaction for C requesting a query for a large document, where the query transaction stores a second signature that includes node C.
S20: and checking the second signature, inquiring the storage record of the large file on the block chain if the second signature passes the check, and returning the storage record.
And checking the second signature, if the second signature passes the checking, executing data query on the chain, namely querying a storage record of the large file on the block chain, and simultaneously returning the storage record to the client, wherein the storage record still comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and a hash value group.
S30: and acquiring the hash value groups of all the small files according to the index value groups and the hash value groups in the storage records, and acquiring the small files in parallel from other nodes in the IPFS cluster according to the hash value groups, wherein the small files contain the index values of the small files.
According to the index value group and the hash value group of the file segmentation returned in the step S20, the client acquires the hash value groups of all the small files from any one network node such as l3 of the IPFS cluster, and the network node l3 acquires the small files from other nodes in the IPFS cluster in parallel according to the hash value groups, wherein the small files contain the index values of the small files.
S40: and assembling the small files into a large file according to the sequence of the index values, and feeding back an assembly result.
And the IPFS cluster assembles the small files into the large files according to the sequence of the index values in the index value group, and simultaneously feeds back the assembled result to the client, thereby completing the steps of inquiring and downloading the large files.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides a block chain-based large file storage method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the plurality of small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel; returning hash value groups of a plurality of small files; initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to the block chain cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, performing consensus on the storage transaction, and if nodes with preset number receive the storage transaction, the storage transaction consensus is successful; automatically performing a storage transaction through the smart contract to cause the set of index values and the set of hash values to be stored in the tile; and if the execution of the storage transaction is completed, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and the storage result is fed back. In the embodiment of the application, each node in a block chain (alliance chain) is stored to ensure the safety of data, a large file is divided into a plurality of small files in a large file processing mode, the small files are uploaded to a distributed storage IPFS cluster and unique hash values of the small files are returned, and then indexes and hash values of all the small files are recorded. And executing the record uplink based on the intelligent contract in combination with the credible non-tampering characteristic of the block chain, when a large file needs to be downloaded, firstly inquiring the record on the chain, then removing each small file from the IPFS cluster through the record, finally assembling the small files into the large file and returning an assembling result.
According to the embodiment of the application, the whole process of storing the large files is uploaded to the block chain data in a transaction mode, the integrity of the recorded data in the whole process can be guaranteed, and the cluster nodes are guaranteed to have uniform node credibility through a cluster consensus algorithm. The small file data are stored in the IPFS cluster, and the reading efficiency of the data is higher due to the fact that the IPFS cluster is faster, safer and more open, and therefore the problems that in the prior art, the storage safety of large files is insufficient and the reading efficiency is not high are solved.
Meanwhile, in the prior art, the large file is stored in a centralized manner, and if the large file is changed or damaged, irreversible influence is caused and the large file cannot be restored. In the application, a large file is divided into small files to be stored in an IPFS cluster, nodes of the IPFS cluster have dispersibility, each node can perform distributed storage, if data in a certain node is damaged, the node can request other nodes to recover, the other nodes can help to recover the data, the final presentation of the data cannot be influenced, and the method is different from the prior art.
In addition, the present application further provides a large file storage system based on a block chain, including a client, an IPFS cluster and a block chain cluster, wherein:
the client is configured to perform the following steps: the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the plurality of small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel;
the IPFS cluster is configured to perform the following steps; returning the hash value groups of the small files to the client;
the client is further configured to perform the steps of: initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to the block chain cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, and the storage record comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and a hash value group;
the blockchain cluster is configured to perform the following steps: performing consensus on the stored transactions, and if nodes with preset number receive the stored transactions, the stored transactions are successfully agreed; automatically executing a storage transaction by the smart contract such that the set of index values and the set of hash values are stored in the blockchain, the storage transaction being executed by all nodes in the blockchain cluster; if the execution of the storage transaction is finished, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and the storage result is fed back to the client;
the client is further configured to perform the steps of: a stored result is received.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A block chain-based large file storage system is characterized by comprising a client, an IPFS cluster and a block chain cluster, wherein:
the client is configured to perform the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel;
the IPFS cluster is configured to perform the following steps:
returning a plurality of hash value groups of the small files to the client;
the client is further configured to perform the steps of:
initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to a blockchain cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, and the storage record comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and the hash value group;
the blockchain cluster is configured to perform the following steps:
performing consensus on the storage transactions, wherein if nodes with preset number receive the storage transactions, the consensus on the storage transactions is successful;
automatically performing the storage transaction by a smart contract to cause the set of index values and the set of hash values to be stored into a blockchain, the storage transaction being performed by all nodes in the blockchain cluster;
if the execution of the storage transaction is completed, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and the storage result is fed back to the client;
the client is further configured to perform the steps of:
and receiving the storage result.
2. A block chain-based large file storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of segmenting a large file into a plurality of small files, and uploading the small files to an IPFS cluster in parallel;
returning a plurality of hash value groups of the small files;
initiating a storage transaction for storing the large file to a blockchain cluster, wherein the storage transaction comprises a storage record of the large file, and the storage record comprises a file name, a file size, an index value group for file segmentation and the hash value group;
performing consensus on the storage transactions, wherein if nodes with preset number receive the storage transactions, the consensus on the storage transactions is successful;
automatically performing the storage transaction by a smart contract to cause the set of index values and the set of hash values to be stored into a blockchain, the storage transaction being performed by all nodes in the blockchain cluster;
and if the execution of the storage transaction is completed, the large file is successfully stored in the block chain and a storage result is fed back.
3. The blockchain-based large file storage method according to claim 2, wherein the storage transaction is initiated by a first node in the blockchain cluster, and the storage transaction includes a first signature of the first node.
4. The blockchain-based large file storage method according to claim 3, wherein the first node is any one node in the blockchain cluster.
5. The method for storing the large file based on the block chain according to claim 2, wherein the consensus on the storage transaction comprises:
verifying a first signature of the stored transaction to generate a first verification result;
and selecting whether to receive the storage transaction according to the first verification result and a consensus rule.
6. The blockchain-based large file storage method according to claim 5, wherein the consensus rule is preset according to the storage transaction and the first signature.
7. The method for storing the large file based on the block chain according to claim 2, further comprising:
initiating a query transaction to query the large file, the query transaction initiated by a second node in the blockchain cluster, the query transaction including a second signature of the second node.
8. The method for storing the large file based on the block chain according to claim 7, further comprising:
and checking the second signature, inquiring the storage record of the large file on the block chain if the second signature passes the check, and returning the storage record.
9. The method for storing the large file based on the block chain according to claim 8, further comprising:
and acquiring the hash value groups of all the small files according to the index value groups and the hash value groups in the storage records, and acquiring the small files in parallel from other nodes in the IPFS cluster according to the hash value groups, wherein the small files contain the index values of the small files.
10. The method for storing the large file based on the block chain according to claim 9, further comprising:
and assembling the small files into the large file according to the index value sequence, and feeding back an assembly result.
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