CN113820035A - Femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113820035A CN113820035A CN202111158410.5A CN202111158410A CN113820035A CN 113820035 A CN113820035 A CN 113820035A CN 202111158410 A CN202111158410 A CN 202111158410A CN 113820035 A CN113820035 A CN 113820035A
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Abstract
The invention provides a femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device and a measuring method, belonging to the laser application field, comprising a femtosecond laser, a focusing lens, a collimating lens, a filter and an integrating sphere which are arranged in a line; the femtosecond laser pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser is respectively focused into air and a combustion field to be detected by a focusing lens, filamentation is carried out in the air and the combustion field to be detected to form a plasma channel, and forward fundamental wave third harmonic signals are respectively generated; the collimating lens parallelly outputs third harmonic signals induced in the air and the combustion field to be measured after the third harmonic signals pass through the collimating lens; the filter plate receives the light beams passing through the collimating lens and filters out fundamental wave third harmonic signals; and the integrating sphere guides the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer through an optical fiber and records the signal intensity. The invention can realize the temperature measurement of the three-dimensional space point of the combustion field, which is more accurate, has higher time resolution and is non-contact and undisturbed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser application, relates to high-field laser combustion diagnosis, and particularly relates to a femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device and a measuring method.
Background
In recent years, various combustion diagnosis technologies, particularly laser-based spectroscopic analysis technologies such as laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) technology, raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-stokes raman spectroscopy (CARS) technology, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology, etc., have been developed, have advantages of real-time, on-line, high space-time resolution, high sensitivity, no interference to a sample, etc., and have been widely used in combustion diagnosis.
Ultrashort Laser pulse can be stably transmitted for a long distance in Air, and a High-density plasma channel is generated by filamentation, and various nonlinear processes generated in the channel, such as remote Air Laser (Air lasing), Laser Induced Breakdown (Laser Induced Breakdown), Generation of higher harmonics (High Harmonic Generation), Laser Induced artificial rainfall, Laser Induced lightning, pulse compression and the like, show great application prospects in the application and research fields of atmospheric environment sensing, artificial weather control and the like. Based on the characteristic of ultrafast laser filamentation induced nonlinear spectrum, people expect that the ultrafast laser filamentation spectrum technology can be used for combustion diagnosis.
The measurement of the combustion field temperature and its distribution has a very important fundamental meaning in combustion diagnostics. The temperature measurement method is divided into contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement. At present, thermocouples are often used for contact measurement of temperature. The temperature measuring element and the measured medium can reach thermal equilibrium only in a certain time by a contact temperature measuring method, so that the real-time monitoring of the temperature can not be realized for the environment with rapid temperature change. Furthermore, the probe of the thermocouple is usually mounted only on the support, and the measurement of the temperature distribution of the temperature field is difficult. In addition, when operating at high temperatures, high pressures and in hazardous media, thermocouple wires quickly oxidize, become brittle, and even break down, making temperature monitoring difficult to continue. The non-contact temperature measurement method does not need to be in contact with a measured object, so that the temperature field cannot be interfered, the dynamic response characteristic is excellent, the main non-contact temperature measurement at present mainly depends on an infrared thermal imaging method, however, the infrared thermal imaging is two-dimensional temperature measurement, and the requirement of measuring the temperature of a three-dimensional space point in the combustion diagnosis process cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device and a measuring method, which are more accurate and have higher time resolution to measure the temperature of a three-dimensional space point of a combustion field, and solve the problem of non-contact temperature measurement of the space point in combustion diagnosis.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device comprises a femtosecond laser, a focusing lens, a collimating lens, a filter, an integrating sphere and a spectrometer which are arranged in a straight line;
the femtosecond laser pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser device is focused into the air by a focusing lens, and filamentation is carried out in the air to form a plasma channel so as to generate a forward fundamental wave third harmonic signal;
the collimating lens parallelly outputs the signal light induced in the air after passing through the collimating lens;
the filter plate receives the light beams passing through the collimating lens and filters out fundamental wave third harmonic signals;
an integrating sphere for guiding the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer through an optical fiber and recording the signal intensity I0。
The femtosecond laser pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser is focused into a combustion field to be detected by a focusing lens, and filamentation is carried out in the combustion field to form a plasma channel so as to generate a forward fundamental wave third harmonic signal;
the collimating lens is used for parallelly outputting signal light induced in the combustion field to be detected after passing through the collimating lens;
the filter plate receives the light beams passing through the collimating lens and filters out fundamental wave third harmonic signals;
an integrating sphere for guiding the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer through an optical fiber and recording the signal intensity If。
Furthermore, the femtosecond laser pulse has the central wavelength of 1030nm, the pulse width of 190fs, the frequency of 10kHz and the highest laser energy of 2 mJ. Other femtosecond laser pulses that can produce frequency tripling nonlinear effects in both air and combustion fields are also included.
Furthermore, the center heights of the focusing lens and the collimating lens are the same, the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens is equal to the sum of the focal lengths of the two lenses, and the distance between the filter and the integrating sphere is as small as possible.
Further, the combustion field to be measured is a high-temperature combustion field formed by various fuels.
Further, the clear aperture of the focusing lens and the collecting lens is larger than the spot diameter of the femtosecond laser pulse.
Furthermore, a band-pass filter with the anti-reflection of 345nm +/-20 nm is adopted as the filter, and the band-pass filter with the femtosecond laser third harmonic wavelength as the central wavelength is selected according to different femtosecond laser pulse parameters.
Furthermore, the integrating sphere is an optical fiber integrating sphere, the light transmission diameter is 9.5mm, and the receiving wavelength range is 200-1100 nm. Other spectrum collection means that can collect all the signal light are also included.
The use method of the femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device comprises the following steps,
s1, starting the femtosecond laser; adopting a Yb, KGW femtosecond laser system without preheating, wherein the ambient temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is not higher than 50%; the method comprises all femtosecond laser pulses which can generate triple-frequency nonlinear effect in a combustion field and air simultaneously.
S2, placing a focusing lens along the femtosecond laser transmission direction, enabling the laser to pass through the center of the focusing lens, forming filaments at the focus of the focusing lens, enabling the focus to be in the air, and forming a plasma channel in the air;
s3, using a collimating lens to make the light beam output in parallel;
s4, filtering out the fundamental wave third harmonic signal by using a filter plate;
s5, introducing the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, and recording the signal intensity I0；
S6, adjusting a light path, placing a focusing lens along the femtosecond laser propagation direction, enabling the laser to pass through the center of the focusing lens, forming filaments at the focus of the focusing lens, and enabling the focus to be in a combustion field, thereby forming a plasma channel in the combustion field;
s7, using a collimating lens to make the light beam output in parallel;
s8, filtering out the fundamental wave third harmonic signal by using a filter plate;
s9, introducing the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, and recording the signal intensity If；
S10, calculating the ratio of the forward fundamental frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser in the temperature field to be measured to the forward frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser in the normal temperature air; and reversely deducing the actual temperature at the focal point of the filament according to the linear relation between the ratio and the ambient temperature of the light filament.
Further, a focusing lens is placed along the propagation direction of the femtosecond laser, and the laser passes through the center of the focusing lens to form a filament at the focal point of the focusing lens, wherein the focal point is in the air, so that a plasma channel is formed in the air.
Further, steps S2-S5 and steps S6-S9 are performed sequentially and respectively, and the formula and parameters are as follows: β -kT + b (k-0.0173, b-0.782), where β is the third harmonic signal amplification factor, β -If/I0And T is the combustion field temperature at the focal point. The combustion field temperature at the coke point can be inferred from the above formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects.
1. The invention adopts the ultrafast pulse as the probe, can better diagnose the characteristic of the temperature of the three-dimensional space point, has higher time resolution capability, convenient adjustment and accurate measurement, realizes non-contact and has no disturbance to a combustion field;
2. the measurement of the third harmonic wave of the fundamental wave is adopted, and the measurement method is relatively direct, convenient and fast and is simple to operate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a femtosecond laser; 2. a focusing lens; 3. a temperature field to be measured; 4. a collimating lens; 5. a filter plate; 6. an integrating sphere; 7. an optical fiber; 8. a spectrometer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
When the femtosecond laser forms a filament at a position to be measured at the temperature of a high-temperature combustion field, the ultrahigh temperature of the flame can cause the redistribution of the surrounding gas density, thereby destroying the harmonic interference cancellation effect before and after a focus caused by the action of a paleo-phase shift in the air, so that the amplification phenomenon of a third harmonic signal of a fundamental wave can be generated in the high-temperature field, and the temperature information of the focus position of the filament can be derived through the linear relation between the experimentally measured third harmonic amplification factor (the ratio of the forward fundamental wave third frequency signal intensity generated by the filament formation of the femtosecond laser in the temperature field to be measured and the forward third frequency signal intensity generated by the filament formation of the femtosecond laser in normal-temperature air) and the temperature of the combustion field.
Paleo-shift phase: in 1890, a french physicist Louis Georges Gouy proves that a phase shift of pi, called a paleo-shift phase shift, is obtained by a gaussian beam from a far field on one side of a focus to a far field on the other side of the focus more than a plane beam with the same frequency, and the efficiency of generating a third harmonic in air is reduced by the paleo-shift phase shift of the gaussian beam. When the femtosecond laser is filamentized at the position to be measured of the high-temperature combustion field temperature, the ultrahigh temperature of the flame can cause the redistribution of the surrounding gas density, thereby destroying the harmonic interference cancellation effect before and after the focus caused by the effect of the paleo-shift phase shift in the air, and generating the amplification phenomenon of the third harmonic signal of the fundamental wave in the high-temperature field.
Focus: the focal point in this patent refers to the focal point of the focusing lens.
Interference cancellation, also called destructive interference, in which the two light waves cancel in the gas phase with an amplitude equal to zero, is called destructive interference.
The substance is composed of molecules and atoms, but they are not static and move rapidly, which is a very important basic property of microscopic substances, and the femtosecond laser can observe the ultra-fast movement process on the level of atoms and electrons, and has the characteristics of rapidness and high resolution.
As shown in fig. 1, the femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device and the measurement method comprise a femtosecond laser, a focusing lens, a collimating lens, a filter and an integrating sphere which are arranged in a line;
the femtosecond laser is focused to a combustion field to be measured by the focusing lens, and forms a plasma channel by filamentation in the air to generate a forward fundamental wave third harmonic signal;
the collimating lens is used for enabling the light beams emitted by the combustion field to be detected to be output in parallel after passing through the collimating lens;
the filter plate receives the light beams passing through the collimating lens and filters out fundamental wave third harmonic signals;
and the integrating sphere guides the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer through an optical fiber and records the signal intensity.
Preferably, the femtosecond laser pulse with the central wavelength of 1030nm, the pulse width of 190fs, the frequency of 10kHz and the highest laser energy of 2mJ is used in the method, the femtosecond laser pulse with the parameters above contained in the method is the optimal technical scheme, and theoretically, the method contains all the femtosecond laser pulses capable of generating triple frequency nonlinear effect in a combustion field and air simultaneously.
Preferably, the center heights of the focusing lens and the collimating lens are the same, the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens is equal to the sum of the focal lengths of the two lenses, the distance between the filter and the integrating sphere is as small as possible, but no fixed distance is required, and no fixed requirement is required between the femtosecond laser and the focusing lens.
Preferably, the combustion field to be measured may be a high-temperature combustion field formed by various fuels.
Preferably, the parameters of the collimating lens are determined according to the experimental space, as long as the central heights of the focusing lens and the collimating lens are the same, and the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens is equal to the sum of the focal lengths of the two lenses.
Preferably, the filter in the method adopts a band-pass filter with the anti-reflection of 345nm +/-20 nm. However, according to different femtosecond laser pulse parameters, a band-pass filter with the femtosecond laser third harmonic wavelength as the central wavelength is selected.
Preferably, the method adopts an optical fiber integrating sphere, the light passing diameter is 9.5mm, the receiving wavelength range is 200-1100nm, the method also comprises other spectrum collecting detectors with the spectrum collecting function, the method can also be without the integrating sphere, and the signal is directly collected by a spectrometer after passing through a filter.
The use method of the femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device comprises the following steps,
s1, starting the femtosecond laser; according to the method, the environmental temperature and the operation steps are set according to the software and hardware delivery specification requirements of the adopted femtosecond laser system;
s2, adjusting a light path, and forming a filament of the femtosecond laser in the air by using a focusing lens to form a plasma channel;
s3, outputting the light beams in parallel by using a lens;
s4, filtering out the fundamental wave third harmonic signal by using a filter plate;
s5, introducing the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, and recording the signal intensity;
s6, adjusting a light path, and forming filaments of the femtosecond laser in a combustion field by using a focusing lens to form a plasma channel;
s7, outputting the light beams in parallel by using a lens;
s8, filtering out the fundamental wave third harmonic signal by using a filter plate;
s9, introducing the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, and recording the signal intensity;
s10, calculating the ratio of the forward fundamental frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser in the temperature field to be measured to the forward frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser in the normal temperature air; and reversely deducing the actual temperature at the focal point of the filament according to the linear relation between the ratio and the ambient temperature of the light filament.
Preferably, a focusing lens is placed along the femtosecond laser propagation direction, and the laser passes through the center of the focusing lens and forms a filament at the focal point of the focusing lens, wherein the focal point is in the air, so that a plasma channel is formed in the air.
Preferably, steps S2-S5 and steps S6-S9 are performed sequentially and respectively, and the formula and parameters are as follows: β -kT + b (k-0.0173, b-0.782), where β is the third harmonic signal amplification factor, β -If/I0And T is the combustion field temperature at the focal point. The combustion field temperature at the coke point can be inferred from the above formula.
In the actual working process, the femtosecond laser is focused by a focusing lens, and filaments are formed in a combustion field and air respectively to form a plasma channel. Because the air is a uniform medium, the forward fundamental wave third harmonic signal is very weak, and the ultrahigh temperature of the flame can cause the redistribution of the surrounding gas density, thereby destroying the harmonic interference destructive effect in the air before and after the focus due to the action of the paleo-phase shift, so that the amplification phenomenon of the fundamental wave third harmonic signal can be generated in a high-temperature field, the light beams are output in parallel by using a collimating lens, and then the fundamental wave third harmonic signal generated in a combustion field is filtered out by a filter; the fundamental wave third harmonic signal is led into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, the position relation is shown in figure 1, the distance is not required, the signal intensity is recorded, and the standard function of the spectrometer is realized;
calculating the ratio of the forward fundamental frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filament formation of the femtosecond laser in the temperature field to be detected to the forward frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filament formation of the femtosecond laser in the normal temperature air; and reversely deducing the actual temperature at the focal point of the filament according to the linear relation between the ratio and the ambient temperature of the light filament, wherein the formula and the parameters are as follows: β -kT + b (k-0.0173, b-0.782), where β is the third harmonic signal amplification factor, β -If/I0And T is the temperature of the combustion field at the focal point, and the temperature of the combustion field at the focal point can be reversely deduced according to the formula.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measuring device is characterized in that: the device comprises a femtosecond laser, a focusing lens, a collimating lens, a filter, an integrating sphere and a spectrometer which are arranged in a line;
the femtosecond laser pulse emitted by the femtosecond laser is respectively focused into air and a combustion field to be detected by a focusing lens, filamentation is carried out in the air and the combustion field to be detected to form a plasma channel, and forward fundamental wave third harmonic signals are respectively generated;
the collimating lens parallelly outputs third harmonic signals induced in the air and the combustion field to be measured after the third harmonic signals pass through the collimating lens;
the filter plate receives the light beams passing through the collimating lens and filters out fundamental wave third harmonic signals;
and the integrating sphere guides the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer through an optical fiber and records the signal intensity.
2. The femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the experiment, the center wavelength of femtosecond laser pulse is 1030nm, the pulse width is 190fs, the frequency is 10kHz, and the highest laser energy is 2 mJ.
3. The femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center heights of the focusing lens and the collimating lens are the same, the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens is equal to the sum of the focal lengths of the two lenses, and the distance between the filter and the integrating sphere is as small as possible.
4. The femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion field to be measured is a high-temperature combustion field formed by various fuels.
5. The femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clear aperture of the focusing lens and the collecting lens is larger than the diameter of a light spot of the femtosecond laser pulse.
6. The femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filter adopts a 345nm +/-20 nm anti-reflection band-pass filter, and the band-pass filter with the femtosecond laser third harmonic wavelength as the central wavelength is selected according to different femtosecond laser pulse parameters.
7. The femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the integrating sphere adopts an optical fiber integrating sphere, the light transmission diameter is 9.5mm, and the receiving wavelength range is 200-1100 nm.
8. Use of the femtosecond laser filamentation remote non-contact temperature measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, starting the femtosecond laser; the Yb/KGW femtosecond laser system is adopted, preheating is not needed, the ambient temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is not higher than 50%.
S2, placing a focusing lens along the femtosecond laser transmission direction, enabling the laser to pass through the center of the focusing lens, forming filaments at the focus of the focusing lens, enabling the focus to be in the air, and forming a plasma channel in the air;
s3, using a collimating lens to make the light beam output in parallel;
s4, filtering out the fundamental wave third harmonic signal by using a filter plate;
s5, introducing the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, and recording the signal intensity I0；
S6, adjusting a light path, placing a focusing lens along the femtosecond laser propagation direction, enabling the laser to pass through the center of the focusing lens, forming filaments at the focus of the focusing lens, and enabling the focus to be in a combustion field, thereby forming a plasma channel in the combustion field;
s7, using a collimating lens to make the light beam output in parallel;
s8, filtering out the fundamental wave third harmonic signal by using a filter plate;
s9, introducing the fundamental wave third harmonic signal into a spectrometer by using an integrating sphere and an optical fiber, and recording the signal intensity If；
S10, calculating the ratio of the forward fundamental frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser in the temperature field to be measured to the forward frequency tripled signal intensity generated by the filamentation of the femtosecond laser in the normal temperature air; and reversely deducing the actual temperature at the focal point of the filament according to the linear relation between the ratio and the ambient temperature of the light filament.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: and (3) placing a focusing lens along the transmission direction of the femtosecond laser, enabling the laser to pass through the center of the focusing lens and form a filament at the focal point of the focusing lens, wherein the focal point is in the air, and thus a plasma channel is formed in the air.
10. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: steps S2-S5 and steps S6-S9 are performed in sequence, respectively, and the formula and parameters are as follows: β -kT + b (k-0.0173, b-0.782), where β is the third harmonic signal amplification factor, β -If/I0And T is the temperature of the combustion field at the focal point, and the temperature of the combustion field at the focal point can be reversely deduced according to the formula.
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