CN113820033B - Temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency - Google Patents
Temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN113820033B CN113820033B CN202111131320.7A CN202111131320A CN113820033B CN 113820033 B CN113820033 B CN 113820033B CN 202111131320 A CN202111131320 A CN 202111131320A CN 113820033 B CN113820033 B CN 113820033B
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- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/36—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using magnetic elements, e.g. magnets, coils
- G01K7/38—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using magnetic elements, e.g. magnets, coils the variations of temperature influencing the magnetic permeability
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Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency, comprising the following steps: applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing a ferromagnetic nanoparticle solution to enable the ferromagnetic nanoparticle to be saturated and magnetized; applying an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to said static magnetic fieldThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Determining the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic nano particles when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance through a sweep frequency method; and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined ferromagnetic resonance frequency, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the method provided by the invention, the temperature is measured through the constructed relation model of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and the temperature, the model is simple in form, the measuring method is simple and convenient, the rapid and convenient measurement of the internal temperature of the measured object can be realized, and the measuring accuracy is very high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, in particular to a method for measuring temperature by using ferromagnetic nano particles.
Background
The temperature is an important index reflecting the internal state of the object to be measured, and it is very important in many cases to measure it accurately and rapidly. The temperature measurement method can be generally divided into contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement, and compared with contact temperature measurement, the non-contact temperature measurement can obtain more accurate temperature measurement results because the temperature field of a measured object is not damaged.
Ferromagnetic nanoparticles have been used for temperature measurement in various fields and various occasions because of their unique magnetic properties, and are suitable for non-contact temperature measurement because they are of nano-scale, the basic principle is to add ferromagnetic nanoparticles into a measured object, for example, into a human body or into a material or to coat the surface of the material, and then calculate temperature information of the measured object by measuring certain physical quantities of ferromagnetic nanoparticles and based on an established mathematical model. The existing non-contact temperature measurement method of the ferromagnetic nano particles mainly comprises the following steps:
1. temperature measurement is performed based on the temperature dependence of the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic nanoparticles after magnetization in a static magnetic field, but the measurement time of the method is long, and the application requirement of rapid temperature measurement is difficult to meet.
2. Temperature measurement is carried out based on the temperature dependence of the magnetization intensity of the ferromagnetic nano particles under the excitation of a single-frequency alternating-current magnetic field, but the method needs to measure the higher harmonic wave of the magnetization response of the ferromagnetic nano particles, and the measurement difficulty is increased.
3. The temperature measurement is carried out based on the relation between the amplitude of the even harmonic or the odd harmonic of the magnetization response of the ferromagnetic nano particles and the temperature, but the corresponding temperature measurement model is complex, and the complexity of measurement and processing is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency for realizing simple, convenient and rapid non-contact temperature measurement based on ferromagnetic nano particles.
The temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing ferromagnetic nanoparticles to enable the ferromagnetic nanoparticles to be saturated and magnetized;
applying an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in a perpendicular direction to the static magnetic field;
determining the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic nano particles when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance through a sweep frequency method;
and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined ferromagnetic resonance frequency, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein f is the ferromagnetic resonance frequency in GHz gamma e Is the magnetic rotation ratio of electrons, and has the unit of GHz/T and k B Is the Boltzmann constant, the unit is J/K, M is the macroscopic magnetization of uncoupled free electron spin after the ferromagnetic nanoparticle is magnetized, the unit is A/M, and θ is the macroscopic magnetizationThe nutation angle of the observed magnetization intensity is in rad, T is the temperature of the measured object, and K is in unit;
the macroscopic magnetization is calculated from the following formula:
wherein B is the magnetic induction inside the ferromagnetic nanoparticle when ferromagnetic resonance occurs, and is represented by the formula 2pi f=γ e B is calculated to be T, H 0 Is the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field, the unit is A/m and mu 0 Vacuum permeability in Tm/A.
Optionally, the nutation angle is calculated by the following formula:
θ＝γ e B 1 T p ，
wherein B is 1 Is the amplitude of the magnetic induction intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is T and T p Is the pulse width of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is ps.
Alternatively, the static magnetic field is applied using a permanent magnet, a helmholtz coil, or an electromagnet.
Optionally, the alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field is a pulsed microwave field or a pulsed radio frequency field.
According to the temperature measurement method based on the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, the temperature is measured through the constructed relation model of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and the temperature, the model is simple in form, the measurement method is simple and convenient, the rapid and convenient measurement of the internal temperature of the measured object can be realized, and the measurement accuracy is high.
The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency with temperature in a simulation example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the f-T of the simulation example, which is reflected by the measured frequency 2 A comparison plot between the curve and the true temperature;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the measurement error with temperature in the above simulation example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Prior studies demonstrated that the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is temperature dependent and that the ferromagnetic resonance frequency is also related to the applied magnetic field. Based on the method, the relation model of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and the temperature is constructed by analyzing, deducing and testing from the free energy of the atomic spin system under the condition of externally adding the static magnetic field, the model is simple in form, the measuring method is simple and convenient, the internal temperature of the measured object can be measured rapidly and conveniently, and the measuring accuracy is high.
Specific embodiments of the temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-5. Fig. 1 shows the steps of an example of the method, and fig. 2 shows a temperature measuring device used for the above-described example of the method. The temperature measuring equipment comprises an electromagnet 1, a microwave source 2, a resonant cavity 3, a microwave circulator 4, a detector 5, a lock-in amplifier 6 and a computer processing system 7.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s01: and (3) applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing the ferromagnetic nano particles to enable the ferromagnetic nano particles to be saturated and magnetized.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the electromagnet 1 is selected as the static magnetic field applying device, and in other embodiments, a permanent magnet, a helmholtz coil, or the like may be used as the static magnetic field applying device. Nanoparticles of ferromagnetic material, such as Fe, with a particle size of 5-10nm can be selected 3 O 4 And ferrite materials. The mode of adding the ferromagnetic nano particles into the measured object depends on actual conditions, for example, when aiming at human body temperature measurement, the ferromagnetic nano particles can be wrapped by organic molecules to prepare contrast agent, and the contrast agent is injected into human body subcutaneously; and when a certain material is subjected to temperature measurement, the ferromagnetic nano particles can be coated on the surface of the material to be measured.
S02: an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field is applied in the vertical direction of the static magnetic field.
The alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field is generated by an electromagnetic wave source, in this embodiment a pulsed microwave field, generated by a microwave source 2. The resonant cavity 3 is arranged between the two poles of the electromagnet 1, and the object to be measured is arranged in the resonant cavity 3. The pulse microwave generated by the microwave source 2 is applied to the object to be measured in a direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field through the microwave circulator 4, i.e., the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the static magnetic field. In other embodiments, a pulsed radio frequency field may be used instead of a pulsed microwave field as the alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field.
S03: the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic nanoparticle when the ferromagnetic nanoparticle is subjected to ferromagnetic resonance is determined by a sweep method.
Specifically, in this step, when the applied static magnetic field is kept constant, the microwave frequency is changed, the reflected power in the resonant cavity 3 enters the detector 5 through the microwave circulator 4, and when ferromagnetic resonance occurs, the ferromagnetic nanoparticles absorb a part of the microwave power, thereby causing the reflected power to decrease, and the detector 5 detects the amplitude signal of the reflected power corresponding to each microwave frequency during the frequency scanning, and converts it into a direct-current voltage signal. The dc voltage signal is amplified by a lock-in amplifier 6 and recorded in a computer processing system 7. When ferromagnetic resonance occurs, the absorption of microwaves reaches the maximum, so when the amplitude of the direct-current voltage is reduced to the minimum, the corresponding microwave frequency is the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. Since swept-frequency detection of ferromagnetic resonance frequencies is known in the art, only an exemplary brief description is provided herein.
S04: and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined ferromagnetic resonance frequency, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein f is the ferromagnetic resonance frequency in GHz gamma e Is the magnetic rotation ratio of electrons, and has the unit of GHz/T and k B Is the Boltzmann constant, the unit is J/K, M is the macroscopic magnetization of uncoupled free electron spin after the ferromagnetic nanoparticle is magnetized, calculated by the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, the unit is A/M, and theta is the nutation angle of macroscopic magnetization intensity, which can be calculated from the amplitude and pulse width of the magnetic induction intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is rad (radian). From this, the absolute temperature T in K inside the measured object can be calculated by the above formula, where the above parameters are known.
The macroscopic magnetization is calculated from the following formula:
wherein B is the magnetic induction intensity inside the ferromagnetic nano-particles when the ferromagnetic resonance occurs, and is determined by the applied static magnetic field and the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field together, and can be determined by the ferromagnetic resonance condition, namely 2pi f=gamma e B is calculated to be T, H 0 The magnetic field strength of the externally applied static magnetic field is A/m and mu 0 Vacuum permeability in Tm/A.
In this embodiment, the nutation angle is calculated from the following formula:
θ＝γ e B 1 T p
wherein B is 1 Is the amplitude of the magnetic induction intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is T and T p Is the pulse width of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and is expressed in ps (picoseconds).
Simulation instance
In order to verify the feasibility of the temperature measurement method based on the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, the inventor designs a simulation experiment according to the invention, and repeatedly verifies the method, and the method is described below by a specific example:
placing the tested object added with the ferromagnetic nano particles into a magnetic induction intensity mu 0 H 0 In static magnetic field=2t.
Generating a certain magnetic induction intensity amplitude mu by a microwave source 0 H 1 ＝10 -4 T microwave pulse excitation, pulse width T p Is controlled to be 1.5ps, microwave pulse excitation is applied to the microwave circulator in the direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field, and the magnetic field intensity H of the static magnetic field is obtained 0 Under the condition of constant size, the microwave frequency f is continuously changed, the resonance absorption signal is detected by a detector, and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency f of the ferromagnetic nano particles is detected when the ferromagnetic resonance occurs. Gyromagnetic ratio gamma of electrons e Can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein g is a Landmark factor, where g=2, m e The mass of electrons, e is the electron charge, here gamma e ＝1.76×10 7 rad/(s·Oe)＝176GHz/T。
Mu is then taken 0 ＝1.26×10 -6 Tm/A, the value of M was calculated.
Taking k B ＝1.38×10 -23 J/K, theta is the amplitude mu of the microwave magnetic induction intensity 0 H 1 And pulse width T p Heating the measured object to 373K, naturally cooling, recording the temperature T of the measured object in real time by a temperature-sensitive sensor, regulating the microwave frequency to achieve ferromagnetic resonance every 5K, and recording the ferromagnetic resonance frequency f until the temperature is reachedThe degree drops to 260K; then the measured f is respectively substituted into a formula, and the temperature T corresponding to each frequency can be inversed by calculation 2 From these points, the ferromagnetic resonance frequency f is plotted against the temperature T, as shown in FIG. 3, and the inverse f-T is plotted 2 Curve, as in FIG. 4, T 2 Comparing with the standard temperature T to obtain an error epsilon= |T 2 T|, as can be seen in fig. 5, the absolute error of the model is less than 0.05K.
As can be seen from the above embodiments and simulation examples provided by the present invention, the present invention provides a new idea and a new method for non-contact temperature measurement using ferromagnetic nanoparticles, and compared with the previous temperature measurement model, the temperature model established from the ferromagnetic resonance frequency point of view has a simple form, and the temperature of the measured object can be calculated only by measuring the ferromagnetic resonance frequency, and the measurement method is simple and easy to implement. Proved by verification, the temperature measurement model adopted by the invention has high temperature measurement precision and good noise resistance when the signal to noise ratio is more than 90 dB.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of temperature measurement based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency, comprising:
applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing ferromagnetic nanoparticles to enable the ferromagnetic nanoparticles to be saturated and magnetized;
applying an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in a perpendicular direction to the static magnetic field;
determining the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic nano particles when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance through a sweep frequency method;
and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined ferromagnetic resonance frequency, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein f is the ferromagnetic resonance frequency in GHz gamma e Is the magnetic rotation ratio of electrons, and has the unit of GHz/T and k B Is the Boltzmann constant, the unit is J/K, M is the macroscopic magnetization intensity of uncoupled free electron spin after the ferromagnetic nano-particles are magnetized, the unit is A/M, θ is the nutation angle of the macroscopic magnetization intensity, the unit is rad, T is the temperature of the measured object, and the unit is K;
the macroscopic magnetization is calculated from the following formula:
wherein B is the magnetic induction inside the ferromagnetic nanoparticle when ferromagnetic resonance occurs, and is represented by the formula 2pi f=γ e B is calculated to be T, H 0 Is the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field, the unit is A/m and mu 0 Vacuum permeability in Tm/A.
2. The ferromagnetic resonance frequency based temperature measurement method of claim 1, wherein:
the nutation angle is calculated from the following formula:
θ＝γ e B 1 T p ，
wherein B is 1 Is the amplitude of the magnetic induction intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is T and T p Is the pulse width of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is ps.
3. The ferromagnetic resonance frequency based temperature measurement method of claim 1, wherein:
the static magnetic field is applied by a permanent magnet, a Helmholtz coil or an electromagnet.
4. The ferromagnetic resonance frequency based temperature measurement method of claim 1, wherein:
the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is a pulse microwave field or a pulse radio frequency field.
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