CN113753210B - Bent capillary wave propeller, preparation method and propulsion system - Google Patents
Bent capillary wave propeller, preparation method and propulsion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113753210B CN113753210B CN202111042940.3A CN202111042940A CN113753210B CN 113753210 B CN113753210 B CN 113753210B CN 202111042940 A CN202111042940 A CN 202111042940A CN 113753210 B CN113753210 B CN 113753210B
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- capillary wave
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/30—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of non-rotary type
- B63H1/37—Moving-wave propellers, i.e. wherein the propelling means comprise a flexible undulating structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/006—Motors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
- Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels
- Y02T70/5236—Renewable or hybrid-electric solutions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bending capillary wave propeller, a preparation method of the bending capillary wave propeller and a propulsion system based on the bending capillary wave propeller, wherein the bending capillary wave propeller structurally comprises the following components: bending the substrate, the conductive layer, the electrode, the dielectric layer and the hydrophobic layer; the conducting layer is adhered to the substrate, the electrode is adhered to the conducting layer, the dielectric layer is sprayed on the conducting layer and the dielectric layer in a magnetron sputtering mode, and the hydrophobic layer is attached to the dielectric layer. In operation, the initial contact angle of the curved capillary pusher with the liquid is 129 ° and the contact angle changes to 68 ° after application of an electrical signal. By changing the shape of the capillary wave propulsion substrate, when the curvature of the capillary wave propulsion substrate is larger, the capillary waves close to the hydrophobic layer are bound in a smaller space, the distance between like charges carried by the liquid is reduced, the coulomb force between the like charges is increased, the repulsive force is increased, so that the contact angle change is larger, and the amplitude of the capillary waves is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to a bent capillary wave propeller, a preparation method of the bent capillary wave propeller and a propulsion system based on the bent capillary wave propeller.
Background
With the increasing demand of aquatic micro-robots in water environment monitoring, closed space exploration and other aspects in recent years, the application potential of the aquatic micro-robot is more and more concerned, but the aquatic micro-robot is limited by complex electronic equipment such as a battery, a controller, a flap and other parts which coordinate to move, and the aquatic micro-robot cannot really achieve the 'micro' size and weight. There is a need for a lightweight, simple-structured actuation that allows the microrobot to operate in concealed locations without detection by optical techniques or infrared instrumentation.
The traditional water surface propulsion device uses mechanical structures such as a motor, a blade and the like to greatly increase the weight and the complexity of the propulsion device, and a capillary wave propulsion system does not need any mechanical moving part. Small propulsion devices based on the dielectric wetting effect are therefore expected to have advantages over conventional surface propulsion devices. The driving characteristics of light weight and simple structure can realize hidden operation without being detected by optical technology or infrared instruments, and the friction nano-generator can be driven by wave energy, wind energy and the like to be self-powered for propulsion. The capillary wave amplitude generated by the existing straight-plate dielectric wetting unit is limited, so that the wave intensity of the capillary wave is not high, and the propelling capability of the straight-plate dielectric wetting unit when being used as a propeller is limited, so that the application of the straight-plate dielectric wetting unit is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
In accordance with the problems of the prior art, the present invention discloses a curved capillary wave thruster, comprising: bending the substrate, the conductive layer, the electrode, the dielectric layer and the hydrophobic layer; the conducting layer is adhered to the substrate, the electrode is adhered to the conducting layer, the dielectric layer is sprayed on the conducting layer and the dielectric layer in a magnetron sputtering mode, and the hydrophobic layer is attached to the dielectric layer.
In operation, the initial contact angle of the curved capillary pusher with the liquid is 129 ° and the contact angle changes to 68 ° after application of an electrical signal.
A method of making a curved capillary wave thruster, comprising:
printing the ABS material into a curved substrate with the shape of a horizontal concave 120 degrees by using a 3D printer;
performing magnetron sputtering on indium tin oxide on a polyethylene glycol terephthalate film to form a conductive layer, and attaching the conductive layer with the thickness of 0.05mm to a bent substrate;
adhering the nickel wire on the conductive layer by using conductive resin, and heating for a certain time to form an electrode;
forming a dielectric layer by magnetron sputtering silicon dioxide on the upper surface of the conductive layer with the electrode;
and (3) plating a polytetrafluoroethylene solution on the surface of the dielectric layer to form a hydrophobic layer, immersing the curved substrate with the dielectric layer in a 5% polytetrafluoroethylene solution, pulling out the curved substrate at a constant speed of 1.53mm/min by using a pulling method, and then heating to obtain the curved capillary wave propeller.
A curved capillary wave thruster-based propulsion system, comprising: the bending capillary wave propeller comprises an alternating current signal generator and a current amplifier, the bending capillary wave propeller is installed on the unmanned light ship and then placed in the water tank, the positive pole of the alternating current voltage source is connected with the bending capillary wave propeller through the lead, the negative pole of the alternating current voltage source is connected with the first electrode and inserted into the water tank, and when the power supply is switched on, capillary waves are generated.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, in the bent capillary wave propeller, the shape of the substrate of the capillary wave propeller is changed, when the curvature of the capillary wave propeller is larger, the capillary waves close to the hydrophobic layer are bound in a smaller space, the distance between the same charges carried by liquid is reduced, the coulomb force between the charges is increased, the repulsive force is increased, the contact angle is changed more greatly, the wave peak of the capillary waves is higher, and the amplitude of the capillary waves is increased. The wave intensity of the capillary waves generated by the capillary wave propeller with the bending structure is larger than that of the traditional straight plate capillary wave propeller, so that the propelling capability is stronger.
In addition, the bent capillary wave propeller is applied to a dielectric wetting propulsion system to propel an unmanned light ship. When the unmanned light ship is propelled, the propelling speed of the bent capillary wave propeller is improved by more than 1 time compared with that of the traditional straight plate capillary wave propeller. The invention improves the propelling capacity of the capillary wave propeller, can be applied to more occasions, and expands the application field of the capillary wave propelling system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a curved capillary wave thruster according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of making a curved capillary wave thruster in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a propulsion system based on a curved capillary wave thruster in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: 1-1 parts of a bent substrate, 1-2 parts of a conducting layer, 1-3 parts of electrodes, 1-4 parts of a dielectric layer, 1-5 parts of a hydrophobic layer, 1 part of a bent capillary wave propeller, 2 parts of an alternating current voltage source, 3 parts of a lead, 4 parts of a first electrode, 5 parts of an unmanned light boat, 6 parts of a water tank, 2-1 parts of an alternating current signal generator, 2-2 parts of a current amplifier.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following makes a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
a curved capillary wave thruster as shown in fig. 1 comprises a curved substrate 1-1, a conductive layer 1-2, electrodes 1-3, a dielectric layer 1-4 and a hydrophobic layer 1-5. Wherein the conducting layer 1-2 is adhered on the substrate 1-1, the electrode 1-3 is adhered on the conducting layer 1-2, the dielectric layer 1-4 material is sprayed on the conducting layer 1-2 and the dielectric layer 1-4 by magnetron sputtering, and the hydrophobic layer 1-5 is dried and attached on the dielectric layer 1-4 after the lifting coating method is used.
Further, in the operating state, the initial contact angle of the curved capillary wave thruster to the liquid is 129 °, and the contact angle is changed to 68 ° after a specific electric signal is applied.
A method of manufacturing a curved capillary wave thruster, as shown in fig. 2, comprising:
printing the ABS material into a curved substrate 1-1 with a horizontal concave 120 degrees by using a 3D printer;
performing magnetron sputtering on indium tin oxide on a polyethylene glycol terephthalate film to form a conducting layer 1-2, and attaching the conducting layer 1-2 with the thickness of 0.05mm to a bent substrate 1-1;
adhering the nickel wire on the conducting layer 1-2 by using conducting resin, and heating for a certain time to form an electrode 1-3;
forming a dielectric layer 1-4 by magnetron sputtering silicon dioxide on the upper surface of the conducting layer 1-2 with the electrode 1-3;
and (3) plating a polytetrafluoroethylene solution on the surface of the dielectric layer 1-4 to form a hydrophobic layer 1-5, immersing the curved substrate 1-1 with the dielectric layer 1-4 in a 5% polytetrafluoroethylene solution, pulling out the curved substrate at a constant speed of 1.53mm/min by using a pulling method, and then heating to obtain the curved capillary wave propeller.
Fig. 3 shows a propulsion system based on a bending capillary wave thruster, which comprises a bending capillary wave thruster 1, an alternating current voltage source 2, a lead 3, a first electrode 4, an unmanned light boat 5 and a water tank 6, wherein the alternating current voltage source 2 comprises an alternating current signal generator 2-1 and a current amplifier 2-2, the bending capillary wave thruster 1 is installed on the unmanned light boat 5 and then placed in the water tank 6, the positive pole of the alternating current voltage source 2 is connected with the bending capillary wave thruster 1 through the lead 3, the negative pole of the alternating current voltage source 2 is connected with the first electrode 4 and inserted into the water tank 6, and when the power is connected, capillary waves are generated.
In order to prevent partial pressure, a plurality of bent capillary wave propellers 1 are connected in parallel and then connected with the positive pole of an alternating current voltage source through a lead 3. The positive electrode is a lead with the diameter not more than 0.05mm so as to ensure that the rigidity of the lead does not influence the motion of the unmanned light boat. The negative electrode is connected with the first electrode 4 and inserted into the water tank 6, and a lead with the diameter not less than 0.3mm is adopted as the negative electrode, so that the position of the lead after being inserted into the water can not change along with the fluctuation of the liquid level. When the power is switched on, capillary waves are generated at the three-phase contact surface of the bent capillary wave propeller.
Example 1
A preparation method of a bent capillary wave propeller comprises the following steps: A3D printer is used for printing a bent substrate 1-1 with the curvature of 120 degrees, ABS is adopted as a material, and the deformation temperature of the ABS is higher than the baking temperature in the subsequent steps, so that the substrate is ensured not to deform in the baking process. A conductive film having a thickness of 0.05mm and a surface of indium tin oxide was attached to the above curved substrate 1-1, and a nickel wire was fixed to the conductive film at the upper end thereof using a conductive resin, and the conductive film was put into an oven and baked at 70 ℃ for 60 minutes. After the conductive resin is solidified, the silicon dioxide is subjected to magnetron sputtering on the conductive resin and the electrodes 1-3 to serve as dielectric layers 1-4 of the bent capillary wave propeller, so that the units are prevented from being broken down after being electrified. And (3) using a polytetrafluoroethylene solution as a hydrophobic layer 1-5 of the bent capillary wave propeller, immersing the material in a 5% polytetrafluoroethylene solution, and pulling out the material at a constant speed of 1.53mm/min by using a pulling method. Finally, the obtained product is placed into an oven and baked for 180 minutes at 70 ℃ to obtain the manufactured bent capillary wave propeller. The prepared bent capillary wave propeller is placed into a water tank, and deionized water is added into the water tank. The amplitude of the capillary waves generated by the 120 ° bending capillary wave mover at low frequency 2Hz and high frequency 20Hz were compared to an ac voltage source and a 400V square wave signal. The maximum amplitude under the condition of 2Hz is 2.8mm, the maximum amplitude under the condition of 20Hz is 0.8mm, and the capillary wave propeller with the shape helps to improve the capillary wave amplitude.
Example 2
A capillary wave propeller bent at 120 ° was prepared according to the procedure of example 1, and this bent capillary wave propeller was added to the propulsion system as a water surface propeller.
The light unmanned ship and the aquatic micro robot have extremely high requirements on self weight, and the traditional propulsion device uses mechanical structures such as a motor and blades to greatly increase the weight and the complexity of the propulsion device, so that the volume of the device is increased and the application scene of the device is limited. Compared with the existing small propelling device, the capillary wave propelling system based on the dielectric wetting effect does not depend on mechanical movement to realize propelling. When an alternating current is applied across the circuit, it causes an oscillation of the liquid contact angle of the capillary pusher surface, and the change in contact angle results in a displacement of the three-phase contact line, thereby causing an oscillation of the liquid in contact with the curved capillary pusher surface, which oscillation generates a capillary wave on the surface of the conductive liquid. Therefore, the capillary wave propeller is attached to the side surface of the floating object, so that electric energy can be converted into kinetic energy to realize propelling on the object on the water surface.
Further, fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a bending capillary wave propeller propelling a boat, 3 capillary wave propellers with 120-degree bending angles are used for propelling an unmanned light boat with the weight of 3.54g, and the electric signal parameters adopt square wave signals of 400V and 20 Hz. The conclusion that the 120 ° bent capillary wave propulsion has a greater propulsion speed due to the initiation of capillary waves of greater amplitude is verified, and the propulsion speed reaches 2.38 cm/s.
In conclusion, compared with a straight plate capillary wave propeller, the curved capillary wave propeller prepared by the invention has a larger initial contact angle of liquid on the surface and larger amplitude of capillary waves generated after the power supply is switched on. When the capillary wave propulsion system is applied to a capillary wave propulsion system, the capillary wave propulsion system has stronger propulsion capacity because the generated capillary wave has larger amplitude, and has higher ship speed than capillary wave propellers in other shapes when propelling unmanned light ships with the same weight. The invention improves the propelling capacity of the capillary wave system, expands the application range of the capillary wave propelling system and has practical significance in the field of water surface propellers.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A curved capillary wave thruster, comprising: the manufacturing method comprises the following steps of bending a substrate (1-1), a conducting layer (1-2), an electrode (1-3), a dielectric layer (1-4) and a hydrophobic layer (1-5); the conducting layer (1-2) is adhered to the substrate (1-1), the electrode (1-3) is adhered to the conducting layer (1-2), the dielectric layer (1-4) is sprayed on the conducting layer (1-2) and the dielectric layer (1-4) in a magnetron sputtering mode, and the hydrophobic layer (1-5) is dried and attached to the dielectric layer (1-4) after a dip coating method is used;
in operation, the initial contact angle of the curved capillary pusher with the liquid is 129 ° and the contact angle changes to 68 ° after application of an electrical signal.
2. A method of manufacturing a curved capillary wave mover according to claim 1, comprising:
printing an ABS material into a curved substrate (1-1) with a horizontal concave 120 degrees by using a 3D printer;
carrying out magnetron sputtering on indium tin oxide on a polyethylene glycol terephthalate film to form a conductive layer (1-2), and attaching the conductive layer (1-2) with the thickness of 0.05mm to a bent substrate (1-1);
adhering the nickel wire on the conductive layer (1-2) by using conductive resin, and heating for a certain time to form an electrode (1-3);
forming a dielectric layer (1-4) by magnetron sputtering silicon dioxide on the upper surface of the conductive layer (1-2) with the electrode (1-3);
and (3) plating a polytetrafluoroethylene solution on the surface of the dielectric layer (1-4) to form a hydrophobic layer (1-5), immersing the curved substrate (1-1) with the dielectric layer (1-4) in a 5% polytetrafluoroethylene solution, pulling out the curved substrate at a constant speed of 1.53mm/min by using a pulling method, and then heating to obtain the curved capillary wave propeller.
3. A propulsion system using the curved capillary wave thruster of claim 1, characterized by comprising: the bending capillary wave propeller comprises a bending capillary wave propeller (1), an alternating current voltage source (2), a lead (3), a first electrode (4), an unmanned light ship (5) and a water tank (6), wherein the alternating current voltage source (2) comprises an alternating current signal generator (2-1) and a current amplifier (2-2), the bending capillary wave propeller (1) is installed on the unmanned light ship (5) and then placed in the water tank (6), the positive electrode of the alternating current voltage source (2) is connected with the bending capillary wave propeller (1) through the lead (3), the negative electrode of the alternating current voltage source (2) is connected with the first electrode (4) and inserted into the water tank (6), and capillary waves are generated after the power source is connected.
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| US5807758A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1998-09-15 | Lee; Gil U. | Chemical and biological sensor using an ultra-sensitive force transducer |
| WO2010032166A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Microfluidic device |
| CN102583231A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Electrical elastic capillary power-driven method |
| CN211263275U (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-08-14 | 大连海事大学 | Bionic tentacle sensor based on friction nano generator |
| CN111605690A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-01 | 大连理工大学 | Self-propelled unmanned light ship |
| CN112780514A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-05-11 | 北京理工大学 | Ionic liquid electric spraying thruster for electric field control liquid supply |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1738217A4 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2009-12-16 | Res Triangle Inst | Flexible electrostatic actuator |
| US10273932B2 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2019-04-30 | Edouard KASSIANOFF | Oscillating propulsor |
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2021
- 2021-09-07 CN CN202111042940.3A patent/CN113753210B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5807758A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1998-09-15 | Lee; Gil U. | Chemical and biological sensor using an ultra-sensitive force transducer |
| WO2010032166A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Microfluidic device |
| CN102583231A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-07-18 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Electrical elastic capillary power-driven method |
| CN211263275U (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-08-14 | 大连海事大学 | Bionic tentacle sensor based on friction nano generator |
| CN111605690A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-01 | 大连理工大学 | Self-propelled unmanned light ship |
| CN112780514A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-05-11 | 北京理工大学 | Ionic liquid electric spraying thruster for electric field control liquid supply |
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