CN113745952A - Hybrid mode-locked fiber laser generating high-order harmonic solitons with tunable repetition frequency - Google Patents
Hybrid mode-locked fiber laser generating high-order harmonic solitons with tunable repetition frequency Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
- H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
- H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser for generating high repetition frequency harmonic solitons, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, an optical isolator, a polarization controller, an optical coupler, a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber, an online polarizer and a single-mode fiber. Meanwhile, the effect of hybrid mode locking can be achieved by using a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber and a nonlinear polarization rotation effect. Tunable repetition frequency high-order harmonic solitons are generated in the hybrid mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser by adjusting the related gain of the loss in the cavity and the spectral filtering effect. The hybrid mode-locked fiber laser generated by the harmonic solitons can stably output high-repetition-frequency harmonic solitons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrafast fiber lasers, in particular to a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser capable of generating high-order harmonic solitons with tunable repetition frequency.
Background
High repetition rate femtosecond pulsed lasers have been used in a variety of applications such as frequency metrology, high-speed optical communication, and multiphoton imaging. The active mode-locked laser can output femtosecond pulse sequences with the repetition frequency of hundreds of MHz and even more than 1 GHz. However, the active mode-locked laser needs to be implemented by adding an optical phase/intensity modulator in the optical cavity, and has a complicated structure and high cost. An effective way to generate high repetition rate pulses is to use hybrid optics in a mode-locked laser while shortening the optical cavity to a length of about tens of centimeters, but since the fiber length is subject to fusion splice length limitations, the repetition rate of the output pulses is difficult to change. The harmonic mode-locked soliton fiber laser has become a powerful research tool for a high repetition rate light source by virtue of the advantages of compact structure, low cost and low pumping power without changing the length of a laser cavity. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer comb filter in the laser cavity is combined with the nonlinear polarization rotation effect to generate high-order harmonic solitons in the optical fiber laser, so that a pulse sequence with high repetition rate is realized, but the high cost and the complex cavity structure greatly limit the application of the pulse sequence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser for generating high-order harmonic solitons with tunable repetition frequency, the high-order harmonic soliton mode-locking mechanism reasonably adjusts the polarization state in a cavity under proper pumping power by adjusting the loss related gain spectrum in a fiber laser cavity and introducing a spectral filtering effect in an optical resonant cavity, and the laser generates stable 1-order, 3-order, 7-order, 11-order, 17-order, 22-order and 29-order harmonic solitons by utilizing a single-walled carbon nanotube and nonlinear polarization rotation hybrid mode-locking mechanism, wherein the repetition frequency of the 29 th-order harmonic mode-locking solitons is up to 528.5 MHz.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser that produces high order harmonic solitons with tunable repetition frequency, comprising: the device comprises a 980nm direct-current pumping source (1), wherein the direct-current pumping source (1) is sequentially connected with an 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer (2), a gain medium (3), a polarization-independent optical isolator (4), a polarization control device (5), an output coupling device (6), a carbon nano tube saturable absorption mode locking device (7), an online polarization starting device (8) with a polarization maintaining fiber pigtail and a single mode fiber (9); a 980nm direct-current pump source (1) is used as a light source, the light source is coupled and injected into an erbium-doped fiber (3) through a wavelength division multiplexer (2), the erbium-doped fiber (3) is used as a gain medium of a fiber laser, and when light enters the erbium-doped fiber, spontaneous radiation and stimulated radiation can be generated to emit photons; the unidirectional transmission of laser in the cavity is ensured through the polarization-independent isolator (4), and the adverse effect of reflected light waves on a light source is inhibited; the polarization state of the optical fiber can be changed by adjusting the polarization controller (5), and the transmission state of light in the cavity is changed; the single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber (7) is used as an artificial saturable absorber in the cavity to play a role in the mode locking process; the online polarizer (8) can allow linearly polarized light to pass and prevent random polarized light, the online polarizer (8) is provided with a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail, a nonlinear polarization rotation effect is formed due to the existence of the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail and a polarization controller (5), the formation process of a harmonic soliton is simultaneously influenced by the nonlinear polarization rotation effect and a mode locking device of a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber, the intracavity single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber is favorable for starting mode locking, the shape of a stable pulse is controlled by nonlinear polarization, the online polarizer with the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail is introduced into a laser, and the adjustment of the intracavity polarization controller is combined, so that a high-power part at the peak value of the optical pulse passes through the online polarizer without attenuation, and a part with low power at the wing of the optical pulse is blocked, and stable and narrowed mode locking optical pulse output can be realized in the cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of pulse mode locking; the optical coupler (6) divides the generated laser into two parts, 70% of the output end outputs 70% of the laser to be continuously transmitted in the cavity of the fiber laser, and 30% of the output end is used for outputting harmonic laser pulses generated by oscillation in the cavity.
In the fiber laser, the single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber (7) is a passive mode-locking device prepared by carrying out light deposition in a single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion liquid of 0.05 mg/mL.
In the optical fiber laser, an on-line polarizer (8) is provided with a polarization maintaining optical fiber tail fiber with the length of 27 cm.
A fibre laser according to claim 1, characterised in that the dispersion of the fibre cavity is around 17 ps/km/nm.
The pumping power of the optical fiber laser is 106.4 milliwatts.
The optical fiber laser changes the gain spectrum and the spectrum filtering effect related to the loss in the cavity by rotating a knob of the polarization controller in the cavity.
The hybrid mode locking mechanism fiber laser provided by the invention can obtain high-order harmonic mode locking soliton generation, and the high-order harmonic soliton mode locking fiber laser realized by the method has the following advantages:
1. a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber and a nonlinear polarization rotation effect are introduced into a cavity of the optical fiber laser to realize a hybrid mode locking mechanism, and gain loss spectrum and spectrum filtering effect in the cavity are changed by reasonably adjusting a polarization controller to obtain high repetition frequency soliton output.
2. The high repetition frequency fiber laser realized by the invention does not need to finely shorten the cavity length of the laser, realizes the output of a high repetition frequency pulse sequence and has low required pumping power.
3. The fiber laser provided by the invention adopts an all-fiber structure, has high stability and strong repeatability, and provides a new method for generating tunable repetition frequency high-order harmonic solitons.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser structure using an intracavity spectral filtering mechanism of a fiber laser and combining an intracavity hybrid mode locking mechanism to realize high repetition frequency harmonic soliton mode locking.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of fundamental mode-locked pulse generated by fiber laser used in the present invention, wherein (a) is a spectrum diagram of fundamental mode-locked pulse, (b) is a radio frequency spectrum diagram, and (c) is a pulse sequence diagram.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the radio frequency spectrum of 1 st, 3 rd, 7 th, 11 th, 17 th, 22 th and 29 th harmonic pulses generated by a fiber laser used in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a pulse sequence diagram of 1 st, 3 rd, 7 th, 11 th, 17 th, 22 th and 29 th harmonic pulses generated by a fiber laser used in the present invention.
Definition of terms: pump Laser: pump source, WDM: wavelength division multiplexer, EDF: erbium-doped fiber, ISO: polarization independent isolator, PC: polarization controller, OC: coupler, SWNT: single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber, ILP: on-line polarizer, SMF: a single mode optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The mode locking mechanism adopted by the invention is based on a single-wall carbon nano saturable absorber and a nonlinear polarization rotation effect to realize mixed mode locking, and the spectral filtering effect is formed by introducing an online polarizer with a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail in a cavity and a polarization controller capable of realizing fine polarization state adjustment in the cavity.
As shown in fig. 1, the hybrid mode-locked fiber laser for generating high repetition frequency harmonic solitons provided by the present invention includes: the device comprises a 980nm direct current pump source 1, an 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer 2, a gain medium 3, a polarization-independent optical isolator 4, a polarization control device 5, an output coupling device 6, a carbon nanotube saturable absorption mode locking device 7, an online polarization starting device 8 with a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail and a single-mode fiber 9, wherein the direct current pump source 1 and the direct current pump source 1 are sequentially connected. In the fiber resonator, the on-line polarizing device and the polarization controller can form an intracavity spectral filter device, and meanwhile, the nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking effect can also be realized.
The 980nm direct current pump source 1 is a pump source of the optical fiber laser, which takes a semiconductor laser diode as a light source; a light source is coupled and injected into the erbium-doped fiber 3 through the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the erbium-doped fiber 3 is used as a gain medium of the fiber laser, and when light is incident into the erbium-doped fiber, spontaneous radiation and stimulated radiation can be generated to emit photons; the polarization-independent isolator 4 ensures the unidirectional transmission of laser in the cavity and inhibits the adverse effect of reflected light waves on a light source, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the system; the polarization state of the optical fiber can be changed by adjusting a Polarization Controller (PC)5, and the transmission state of light in the cavity is changed; the single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber 7 is a passive mode-locking device prepared by carrying out light deposition in a single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion liquid of 0.05mg/mL, and the device plays a role as an artificial saturable absorber in a cavity in the mode-locking process; the online polarizer (ILP)8 can allow linearly polarized light to pass through and prevent random polarized light, the online polarizer (ILP)8 is provided with a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail with the length of 27cm, a nonlinear polarization rotation effect is formed due to the existence of the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail and a Polarization Controller (PC)5, the formation process of a harmonic soliton is simultaneously influenced by the nonlinear polarization rotation effect and a mode locking device of a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber, the intracavity single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber is favorable for starting mode locking, the stable pulse shape is controlled by nonlinear polarization, due to the fact that the online polarizer with the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail is introduced into a laser and the adjustment of the intracavity polarization controller is combined, a high-power part at the peak value of an optical pulse passes through the online polarizer without attenuation, and a part with low power at the wing of the optical pulse is blocked, stable and narrow mode locking optical pulse output can be realized in a cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of pulse mode locking; the Optical Coupler (OC)6 divides the generated laser into 2 parts, 70% of the output end outputs 70% of the laser to continue to be transmitted in the cavity of the fiber laser, and 30% of the output end is used for outputting harmonic laser pulses generated by the oscillation in the cavity. The laser cavity length is about 11.28 m.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing fundamental mode-locking characteristics of the fiber laser according to the present invention. When the pumping power of a pumping source is 19 milliwatts, the laser realizes self-starting mode-locking pulse output, and Kelly sidebands with symmetrical two sides of a spectrogram show the typical characteristic of solitons working under anomalous dispersion. FIG. 2(a) is a spectrum of fundamental mode-locked pulses with a center wavelength of the spectrum and-3 dB bandwidths of 1560.6nm and 5.52nm, respectively; FIG. 2(b) is a graph of the radio frequency spectrum of fundamental mode-locked pulses, showing a fundamental repetition frequency of about 18.22 MHz. According to the relationship between the repetition frequency of the fundamental mode-locked pulse and the cavity length of the laser:
f＝c/nL
where f and L are the fundamental repetition frequency and the cavity length of the fiber laser, respectively, c is the speed of light, and n is the refractive index of the fiber. The pulse fundamental frequency repetition frequency of 18.22MHz is known to coincide with a laser cavity length of 11.28 m. The frequency signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) shown in fig. 2(b) is about 66dB, indicating that the present invention produces fundamental mode-locked pulses with high stability. As shown in fig. 2(c), the mode-locked soliton timing diagram shows that the soliton intensities are substantially consistent, which shows that the mode-locked solitons are more stable at the output fundamental frequency of the fiber laser.
As shown in fig. 3, for the harmonic mode-locked spectrogram generated by the fiber laser of the present invention, as the pump power increases to 106.4 mw, the gain spectrum and the spectral filtering effect associated with the loss in the cavity are changed by rotating the knob of the polarization controller in the cavity, and harmonic mode-locked with high repetition frequency occurs, and fig. 3 is the harmonic mode-locked spectrogram of 1 st order, 3 rd order, 7 th order, 11 th order, 17 th order, 22 th order and 29 th order, respectively, and the corresponding repetition frequencies are 18.22MHz, 55.2MHz, 127.5MHz, 200.5HMz, 309.7MHz, 401.5MHz and 528.5MHz, respectively.
As shown in fig. 4, the pulse sequence corresponding to the harmonic mode-locked spectrogram (fig. 3) generated by the fiber laser of the present invention shows that the fiber laser can generate harmonic mode-locked solitons with high quality and stable transmission.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A hybrid mode-locked fiber laser that produces high order harmonic solitons with tunable repetition frequency, comprising: the device comprises a 980nm direct-current pumping source (1), wherein the direct-current pumping source (1) is sequentially connected with an 980/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer (2), a gain medium (3), a polarization-independent optical isolator (4), a polarization control device (5), an output coupling device (6), a carbon nano tube saturable absorption mode locking device (7), an online polarization starting device (8) with a polarization maintaining fiber pigtail and a single mode fiber (9); a 980nm direct-current pump source (1) is used as a light source, the light source is coupled and injected into an erbium-doped fiber (3) through a wavelength division multiplexer (2), the erbium-doped fiber (3) is used as a gain medium of a fiber laser, and when light enters the erbium-doped fiber, spontaneous radiation and stimulated radiation can be generated to emit photons; the unidirectional transmission of laser in the cavity is ensured through the polarization-independent isolator (4), and the adverse effect of reflected light waves on a light source is inhibited; the polarization state of the optical fiber can be changed by adjusting the polarization controller (5), and the transmission state of light in the cavity is changed; the single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber (7) is used as an artificial saturable absorber in the cavity to play a role in the mode locking process; the online polarizer (8) can allow linearly polarized light to pass and prevent random polarized light, the online polarizer (8) is provided with a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail, a nonlinear polarization rotation effect is formed due to the existence of the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail and a polarization controller (5), the formation process of a harmonic soliton is simultaneously influenced by the nonlinear polarization rotation effect and a mode locking device of a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber, the intracavity single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber is favorable for starting mode locking, the shape of a stable pulse is controlled by nonlinear polarization, the online polarizer with the polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail is introduced into a laser, and the adjustment of the intracavity polarization controller is combined, so that a high-power part at the peak value of the optical pulse passes through the online polarizer without attenuation, and a part with low power at the wing of the optical pulse is blocked, and stable and narrowed mode locking optical pulse output can be realized in the cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of pulse mode locking; the optical coupler (6) divides the generated laser into two parts, 70% of the output end outputs 70% of the laser to be continuously transmitted in the cavity of the fiber laser, and 30% of the output end is used for outputting harmonic laser pulses generated by oscillation in the cavity.
2. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber (7) is a passive mode-locked device prepared by photo-deposition in a 0.05mg/mL single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion.
3. A fibre laser as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the in-line polariser (8) is provided with a 27cm long polarisation maintaining fibre pigtail.
4. A fibre laser according to claim 1, characterised in that the dispersion of the fibre cavity is around 17 ps/km/nm.
5. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the pump power is 106.4 milliwatts.
6. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the intra-cavity loss-dependent gain spectrum and the spectral filtering effect are varied by rotating a knob of the intra-cavity polarization controller.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115021058A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | 聊城大学 | Mode-locked fiber laser and output pulse adjusting method thereof |
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