CN113708060A - Dipole antenna based on three-dimensional differential feed structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dipole antenna based on a three-dimensional differential feed structure in the field of antennas, which sequentially comprises a first dielectric body, a second dielectric body and a third dielectric body from bottom to top, wherein an antenna ground is printed on the bottom surface of the first dielectric body, and two antenna oscillators are printed on the top surface of the third dielectric body; a first metalized signal hole is formed in the first medium body and connected with the input end of the power divider; a pair of metallized signal holes which are staggered left and right by taking the metallized signal hole I as the center are respectively arranged in the second medium body and the third medium body, two metallized signal holes positioned on the same side in the two pairs of metallized signal holes and the output end of the power distributor on the same side are connected through a strip line in sequence to form a signal path, and the length difference of the two signal paths is lambdag/4. The invention has low profile, miniaturization, wide frequency band and easy operationIntegration and light weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a dipole antenna based on a three-dimensional differential feed structure.
Background
With the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuits, novel electronic materials and high-density package interconnection technologies, the industry has put forward the requirements of volume miniaturization, light weight and high integration on radio frequency systems. Such as: the satellite-borne phased array communication system requires a large beam scanning range, agile beams and a low installation profile so as to facilitate target communication with random distribution, high movement speed and strong service burst. Compared with the traditional reflector antenna, the satellite-borne phased-array antenna has the advantages that the problems of heavy weight, high section and low efficiency are very prominent; the space-based early warning system requires small folding volume, light weight and the like; further, the bandwidth affects the imaging resolution of microwave imaging radar. These requirements have made it urgent to develop a low profile, small size, light weight, and broadband technology for antennas.
Compared with the traditional antenna, the low-profile antenna realizes low profile through adopting new ideas based on the traditional classical antenna theory, wherein the new ideas comprise new materials, new structures, new layout modes and the like. At present, the low profile and miniaturization of the antenna are usually at the cost of sacrificing some performance indexes, and the traditional antenna with a planar structure is limited by two-dimensional characteristics, so that the antenna has larger size, poorer performance and single function, and can not meet the requirements of people. Therefore, the multilayer structure antenna has come to be produced. As the name implies, the multi-layer antenna means that all components of the antenna are designed in a longitudinal layout manner to realize various functions of the antenna, so that the multi-layer antenna can greatly improve various performances of the antenna and enrich the functions of the antenna on the premise of not increasing the transverse size of the antenna. Such as semiconductor technology, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology, etc.
Dipole antennas, as the most common form of antenna in engineering applications, are used in the fields of communications, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, remote sensing testing and the like,dipole antennas have the effect that other antennas cannot replace. Although new ideas of various antenna designs and application of some new materials to antenna designs are emerging, dipole antennas still have a low position with great significance in the antenna field due to advantages of simple antenna structures, low manufacturing cost, stable performance and the like. Dipole antennas belong to the balanced type, so a balun is required to convert the unbalanced signal into a balanced signal, the size of a conventional balun is about λgAnd/4, the miniaturization and low profile of the antenna are not facilitated, and the bandwidth of the general dipole antenna is narrow and is not beneficial to use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-profile miniaturized ultra-wideband dipole antenna based on a novel three-dimensional differential feed structure, aiming at solving the defects in the prior art, the antenna is simple in structure, strong in expansibility and low in implementation difficulty, and can be used in the fields of large-scale phased array radars, airplanes, satellite radars and unmanned aerial vehicles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a dipole antenna based on a three-dimensional differential feed structure sequentially comprises a first dielectric body, a second dielectric body and a third dielectric body from bottom to top, wherein an antenna ground is printed on the bottom surface of the first dielectric body, and two antenna oscillators are printed on the top surface of the third dielectric body; a first metalized signal hole is formed in the first medium body and connected with the input end of the power divider; a pair of metallized signal holes which are staggered left and right by taking the metallized signal hole I as the center are respectively arranged in the second medium body and the third medium body, two metallized signal holes positioned on the same side in the two pairs of metallized signal holes and the output end on the same side of the T-shaped junction power divider are connected through a strip line in sequence to form a signal path, and the length difference of the two signal paths is lambdag/4。
As an improved scheme of the invention, the two antenna elements are arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode around the metalized signal hole I, and the antenna elements are butterfly-shaped elements.
As an improved scheme of the invention, the butterfly-shaped vibrator is provided with a slot.
As an improved scheme of the invention, the grooves are C-shaped grooves, and the openings of the C-shaped grooves on the two butterfly-shaped vibrators are opposite.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the metalized signal holes in the first dielectric body, the second dielectric body and the third dielectric body are all of different sizes.
As an improved scheme of the invention, the antenna ground is a metal layer, an opening is formed in the metal layer, and a feed pad is printed in the opening.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the total thickness of the first dielectric body 17, the second dielectric body 18, and the third dielectric body 19 is λg/4。
Has the advantages that: the three-dimensional differential feed structure expands the traditional two-dimensional plane structure balun into a three-dimensional structure, and compared with the traditional balun structure, the height of the balun structure is lambdag/4, the height of the balun structure is about lambdagAnd/10, the section height of the antenna is greatly reduced. Because the balun structure is positioned right below the butterfly-shaped oscillator, the transverse size of the antenna cannot be increased, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. Meanwhile, the balun structure adopts a composite structure formed by combining a plurality of metalized via holes with different sizes and strip lines, so that the balun has the characteristic of wide frequency band, and the broadband of the antenna is realized. The antenna has the advantages of simple structure, strong expansibility, simple processing and low realization difficulty.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic size diagram of a butterfly-shaped oscillator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first layer of striplines in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second layer of strip lines in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a large-area ground plane according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of an antenna in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of simulation results of the standing wave of the antenna according to the variation of frequency in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulation result curve of the variation of the antenna gain with frequency in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a simulated E, H plane pattern for the antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention at f-8 GHz;
fig. 11 is a simulated E, H plane pattern for the antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention at f-12 GHz;
fig. 12 is a simulated E, H plane pattern for the antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention at f-16 GHz.
FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of VSWR versus frequency for two antenna ports in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a graph of the isolation between two antenna ports in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 16 is an E/H plane radiation pattern of one antenna port at five frequency points of 13.0G, 14.0G, 15.0G, 16.0G and 17.0G in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 17 is an E/H plane radiation pattern of another antenna port in embodiment 2 of the present invention at five frequency points, namely 13.0G, 14.0G, 15.0G, 16.0G, and 17.0G.
In the figure: 1-antenna ground; 2-a feeding pad; 3-metallization signal hole one; 4-a power divider; 5-right strip line I; 6-left strip line one; 7-right metallized signal hole one; 8-left metallized signal hole one; 9-right strip line two; 10-left stripline two; 11-right metallized signal hole two; 12-left metallized signal hole two; 13-a left butterfly oscillator; 14-a right butterfly oscillator; 15-right signal path; 16-left signal path; 17-a first dielectric body; 18-a second dielectric body; 19-a third dielectric body; 20-first grooving; 21-second grooving; 22-first metallized signal hole one; 23-first left metallized signal hole one; 24-a first right metallized signal hole one; 25-left metal pillar, 26-right metal pillar; 27-first left metallized signal hole two; 28-first right metallized signal hole two; 29-one right strip line; 30-the right stripline is one; 31-one and three right strip lines; 32-second metallized signal hole one.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a dipole antenna based on a three-dimensional differential feed structure sequentially includes, from bottom to top, a first dielectric body 17, a second dielectric body 18, and a third dielectric body 19. As shown in fig. 6, the bottom surface of the first dielectric body 17 is printed with an antenna ground 1, the antenna ground 1 is a large-area metal layer, a circular opening is formed in the metal layer, a circular feeding pad 2 is printed in the circular opening, and the feeding pad 2 is used for accessing a signal. As shown in fig. 2-3, the top surface of the third dielectric body 19 is printed with two antenna elements as a radiating structure. The antenna elements can be butterfly elements, and the two butterfly elements are respectively called a left butterfly element 13 and a right butterfly element 14. Signals are fed in through the feeding pad 2, pass through the three-dimensional differential feeding structure embedded in the first, second and third dielectric bodies 17, 18 and 19, reach the left butterfly-shaped oscillator 13 and the right butterfly-shaped oscillator 14 of the radiation structure, and are radiated in the form of a half-wave dipole antenna.
As a preferred embodiment, a first slot 20 is provided on the left butterfly oscillator 13, a second slot 21 is provided on the right butterfly oscillator 14, and the two slots are used for increasing a current path and widening an antenna bandwidth. The slotted shape is C type groove, and the opening in the C type groove on two butterfly oscillators is relative, and this kind of C type groove simple structure is convenient for implement.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional differential feed structure refers to a composite structure design in which a plurality of metalized via holes with different sizes are combined with a strip line, and the lengths of the left and right signal paths of the feed structure are designed by using a length difference. The total thickness of the first dielectric body 17, the second dielectric body 18 and the third dielectric body 19 is lambdagAnd 4, designing the specific layer number and thickness of each part according to the frequency range of the application. The following is made on the three-dimensional differential feed structureAnd (6) detailed description.
In example 1, this example is applied to 12GHz to 16.5GHz, and the total number of dielectric layers of the first dielectric body 17, the second dielectric body 18, and the third dielectric body 19 is 34. The first dielectric body 17 is mainly composed of 6 Ferro A6M LTCC dielectric layers, and the thickness of each Ferro A6M LTCC dielectric layer is 0.094 mm. A first metalized signal hole 3 is formed in the first dielectric body 17 in a vertically penetrating mode, a power divider 4 is further arranged on the top dielectric layer of the first dielectric body 17, and the input end of the power divider 4 is connected with the first metalized signal hole 3. The power divider who adopts here can adopt T type to tie power divider, Wilkinson merit to divide the ware etc. be fit for through LTCC technology realize can, like Wilkinson merit divides the ware, can divide the isolation resistance function in the ware through the value membrane resistance technique realization in this merit in LTCC.
The second dielectric body 18 is comprised primarily of 8-layer Ferro A6M LTCC dielectric layers. Two metallized signal holes which are arranged left and right with the metallized signal hole I3 as the center are respectively called a left metallized signal hole I8 and a right metallized signal hole I7. As shown in fig. 4, the left metalized signal hole one 8 is connected to the left end of the power divider 4 through a left strip line one 6, and the right metalized signal hole one 7 is connected to the right end of the power divider 4 through a right strip line one 5.
The third dielectric body 19 is comprised primarily of 20 Ferro A6M LTCC dielectric layers. Two metallized signal holes which are arranged left and right with the metallized signal hole I3 as the center are respectively called a left metallized signal hole II 12 and a right metallized signal hole II 11 and penetrate through the third dielectric body 19 from top to bottom. As shown in fig. 5, the left metalized signal hole two 12 and the right metalized signal hole two 11 are arranged in a staggered manner with the left metalized signal hole one 8 and the right metalized signal hole one 7, the left metalized signal hole two 12 is connected with the left metalized signal hole one 8 through the left strip line two 10, and the right metalized signal hole two 11 is connected with the right metalized signal hole one 7 through the right strip line two 9.
The three-dimensional differential feed structure expands the traditional two-dimensional plane structure balun to a three-dimensional structure, and the longitudinal size of the feed structure is folded by the composite structure combining the metalized signal holes and the strip lines, so that the section height lambda/4 of the traditional dipole antenna is compressed to lambda/10 to the maximum extent, and the purpose of reducing the section height is achieved. Meanwhile, the feed structure is arranged right below the antenna element of the radiation structure, so that the transverse size of the antenna is not additionally increased, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the total thickness of the first dielectric body 17 is 0.564mm, the total thickness of the second dielectric body 18 is 0.752mm, the total thickness of the third dielectric body 19 is 1.880mm, the total thickness of the antenna is about 3.2mm, and the reduction in the profile height is significant.
In the three-dimensional differential feed structure, the diameters of the first left metalized signal hole 8 and the first right metalized signal hole 7 are 0.127mm and 0.564mm, and the diameters of the second left metalized signal hole 12 and the second right metalized signal hole 11 are 0.212mm and 0.752 mm. Because the first left metalized signal hole 8 and the first right metalized signal hole 7 are arranged in a staggered manner with the second left metalized signal hole 12 and the second right metalized signal hole 11, the lengths of the first left strip line 6, the first right strip line 5, the second left strip line 10 and the second right strip line 9 are also obviously different. The composite structure formed by the conversion of the metalized via holes with different sizes and the strip lines can play a role of a broadband balun by designing and optimizing the diameter and the height of the metalized via holes and the length and the width of the strip lines.
The signal passes through a first metalized signal hole 3 in the first dielectric body 17 to reach the power divider 4, and then is divided into two paths: one path sequentially passes through a left strip line I6 on the left side, a left metallized signal hole I8, a left strip line II 10 and then a left metallized signal hole II 12, and is called as a left signal path 16; the other path passes through a right strip line I5, a right metallized signal hole I7, a right strip line II 9 and a right metallized signal hole II 11 in sequence, and is called as a right signal path 15. The difference in length between the left signal path 16 and the right signal path 15 is lambdagThe length difference of/4/4 (the medium wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of lambdag) aims to make the current finally reaching the radiating surface have similar amplitude and opposite phase, so that the feed structure realizes the functions of equal-amplitude reverse-phase signals and impedance matching.
The signals passing through the first, second and third dielectric bodies finally reach the two antenna elements printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric body 19 and are radiated in the form of a half-wave dipole antenna. Because the antenna array is an improved butterfly-shaped oscillator and the surface of the butterfly-shaped oscillator is provided with the slot, the current path is increased, and the ultra-wideband dipole antenna with the relative bandwidth of 69.4% is realized. The performance of the broadband balun with the structure is limited by the limit of the existing LTCC process technology (line width precision, line spacing, metalized via hole diameter and the like), and the performance of the broadband balun can be further improved after the LTCC process technology breaks through.
In addition, because first, second, third dielectric body all adopt the LTCC material, what the antenna adopted is LTCC material and integration processing technology, has also improved the machining precision and the antenna performance of antenna. The antenna has simple structure and low mass density, and is easy to realize system lightweight; the LTCC technology can convert the tiny planar space into the space distance through the interconnection structure of the metallized signal holes, so that the antenna design is more flexible, meanwhile, various passive devices (such as a resistor, a capacitor, an inductor, a coupler, a filter, a power divider and the like) can be embedded, and the passive devices are connected inside the dielectric body, so that the shortest interconnection is realized, the number and the weight of independent components are reduced to the maximum extent, and the complexity and the cost of a system are reduced; and the antenna is easier to be integrally designed and processed with the T/R and the control circuit at the rear end. The antenna structure has strong expansibility, simple processing and low realization difficulty, and can be used in the fields of large-scale phased array radars, airplanes, satellite radars and unmanned aerial vehicles.
The length, width, height and dimension of the antenna in example 1 are about 14mm 3.2mm, and the simulation result shows that the antenna works in the frequency range of 12 GHz-16.5 GHz and the relative bandwidth is 69.4%. FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of the antenna test result and the simulation result, wherein the variation trends of the antenna test result and the simulation result are substantially consistent, and the variation trends of the curves are substantially consistent; FIG. 9 is a curve of the Gain of the antenna varying with frequency within the working frequency range, from which it can be seen that the Gain of the antenna within the whole frequency band is greater than or equal to 4.5 dB; fig. 10, 11, and 12 show E, H plane patterns of the antenna when f is 8GHz, 12GHz, and 16GHz, respectively, and it can be seen that the pattern of the antenna is relatively stable in the entire operating frequency band.
In the case of the example 2, the following examples are given,this embodiment provides an LTCC dual-polarized dipole antenna, as shown in fig. 13, the three-dimensional differential feed structures of the two antennas are orthogonally disposed. The antenna sequentially comprises a first dielectric body 17, a second dielectric body 18 and a third dielectric body 19 from bottom to top, wherein the first dielectric body 17, the second dielectric body and the third dielectric body are all Ferro A6M LTCC dielectric layers with the thickness of 0.094mm, the first dielectric layer 17 is 1 layer, the second dielectric body 18 is 3 layers, the third dielectric body 19 is 12 layers, and the total thickness is about lambdag/4。
The two antennas respectively correspond to a three-dimensional differential feed structure. As shown in fig. 13, the three-dimensional differential feed structures of the two antennas are orthogonally arranged. The three-dimensional differential feed structure of the first antenna will be described in detail below.
A first metalized signal hole I22 penetrates through the first dielectric body 17 from top to bottom, a first power divider is further arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric body 17, and a first feeding pad is arranged at the bottom of the first metalized signal hole I22. A first left metalized signal hole one 23 and a first right metalized signal hole one 24 are distributed in the second dielectric body 18 about the first metalized signal hole one 22. In order to prevent the three-dimensional differential feed structures of the two antennas from crossing on the same dielectric plane, the strip lines connecting the power divider and the first right metalized signal hole one 24 are printed on different dielectric layers in the second dielectric body 18 at crossing positions. Specifically, two metal columns are arranged on the right side of the first metalized signal hole 22 and distributed left and right relative to the second metalized signal hole 32 of the other antenna, and the staggered height placement mode can reduce the coupling effect, so that the purpose of improving the antenna isolation is achieved. A second left metalized signal hole 27 and a second right metalized signal hole 28 are distributed in the third dielectric body 19, and are dislocated with the first left metalized signal hole 23 and the first right metalized signal hole 24. Two antenna elements which are arranged left and right are arranged on the top layer dielectric layer of the third dielectric body 19.
Therefore, the signal is switched in from the first feed tray, reaches the first power divider through the first metalized signal hole one 22, and then is divided into two paths: one path in turn passes through left stripline one 6 to first left metallized signal hole one 23 and then through left stripline two 10 to first left metallized signal hole two 27, thereby forming left signal path 16. The other path of the right strip line reaches the left metal pillar 25 one by one 29 in sequence, then reaches the first right metallized signal hole 24 through the second right strip line 30 connected between the top ends of the left metal pillar 25 and the right metal pillar 26 and the third right strip line 31 connected between the right metal pillar 26 and the bottom end of the first right metallized signal hole 24, and the first right metallized signal hole 24 reaches the first right metallized signal hole 28 through the second right strip line 9, so that the right signal path 15 is formed. The signal finally reaches the wire oscillator through the left signal path 16 and the right signal path 15 to feed the radiating portion.
Taking the structure of fig. 13 as the front side in the front direction perpendicular to the paper surface and the back side in the back direction, the three-dimensional feeding structure of the second antenna is similar to that of embodiment 1, except that two first metalized signal holes connected with the first strip line through the second power divider in the second dielectric body 18 are arranged in the front-back direction, two second metalized signal holes connected with the two first metalized signal holes through the second strip line through the third dielectric body 19 are also arranged in the front-back direction, and two antenna elements arranged in the front-back direction are arranged on the top layer of the third dielectric body 19 and are placed orthogonally to the two antenna elements in the first antenna. The antenna oscillators in the two antennas both adopt butterfly oscillators, and the butterfly oscillators are provided with slots for prolonging the flow path of current and further expanding the standing wave bandwidth of the antennas.
The length, width and height of this embodiment are about 8mm 1.504mm, and fig. 14 shows the VSWR curves of the two antenna ports as a function of frequency, and it can be seen that there is a slight difference in the VSWR curves of the two ports, which may be caused by the difference in the orthogonal feeding structure. Fig. 15 shows the isolation curve between two antenna ports, and because of the better symmetry of this structure, the two curves coincide completely. The two antenna ports meet the VSWR less than or equal to 2.0 in the frequency band of 13.0 GHz-17.0 GHz, and the antenna has stable directional patterns and gain in the whole bandwidth. As shown in fig. 16-17, the 3dB beam widths of the two antenna ports are all between 85 ° and 100 °, and have very wide 3dB beam widths, and it can be known that the gains of the antennas are relatively stable within the range of 13.0G to 17.0G and are both greater than 5.5dB, thereby meeting the requirements of satellite communication.
Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application; all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (8)
1. A dipole antenna based on a three-dimensional differential feed structure is characterized by sequentially comprising a first dielectric body, a second dielectric body and a third dielectric body from bottom to top, wherein an antenna ground is printed on the bottom surface of the first dielectric body, and two antenna oscillators are printed on the top surface of the third dielectric body; a first metalized signal hole is formed in the first medium body and connected with the input end of the power divider; a pair of metallized signal holes which are staggered left and right by taking the metallized signal hole I as the center are respectively arranged in the second medium body and the third medium body, two metallized signal holes positioned on the same side in the two pairs and the output end on the same side of the power distributor are connected through a strip line in sequence to form a signal path, and the length difference of the two signal paths is lambdag/4。
2. The dipole antenna based on the three-dimensional differential feed structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein two antenna elements are arranged in bilateral symmetry with respect to a metallized signal hole, and the antenna elements are butterfly elements.
3. The dipole antenna based on the three-dimensional differential feed structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the butterfly-shaped element is provided with a slot.
4. The dipole antenna based on the three-dimensional differential feed structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the slot is a C-shaped slot, and the openings of the C-shaped slots on the two butterfly-shaped oscillators are opposite.
5. A dipole antenna based on a three-dimensional differential feed structure according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the size of a pair of metallized signal holes in the first, second and third dielectric bodies of metallized signal holes is different.
6. The dipole antenna based on the three-dimensional differential feed structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ground of the antenna is a metal layer, the metal layer is opened with an opening, and a feed pad is printed in the opening.
7. The dipole antenna based on the three-dimensional differential feeding structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total thickness of the first dielectric body 17, the second dielectric body 18 and the third dielectric body 19 is λg/4。
8. The dipole antenna based on the three-dimensional differential feed structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power divider is a T-junction power divider.
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