CN113647952A - Flexible dry electrode made of silver/silver chloride nanowires and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible dry electrode made of silver/silver chloride nanowires and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible dry electrode prepared based on silver/silver chloride nanowires and a preparation method thereof, wherein the flexible dry electrode comprises a nanowire conductive network and a flexible substrate, wherein the network is the silver/silver chloride nanowires; one side of the network layer is partially embedded in the flexible substrate; the other surface of the nanowire network layer is exposed on the surface of the substrate. The preparation method comprises (1) preparing a flexible film, cutting an electrode-shaped part on the film, and using the rest part as a template; (2) dripping an ethanol solution of the silver nanowires into the template, heating and evaporating to remove the solvent to obtain a two-dimensional conductive network film of the silver nanowires; (3) removing the template, dropwise adding an organic flexible prepolymer solution on the conductive network film, and curing; (4) and (4) electrochemically chlorinating the product obtained in the step (3) to obtain the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible dry electrode. The method is simple, has a complete silver/silver chloride nanowire network, has stable dry electrode potential and good flexibility, can resist reciprocating deformation, is in good contact with human skin, and can accurately detect physiological electric signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the research field of electrode materials, and particularly relates to a flexible dry electrode prepared based on silver/silver chloride nanowires and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the medical field can directly judge the health level of a human body from the characteristics of physiological electric signals, and can prevent certain diseases and predict and evaluate the health level of the human body by realizing real-time and long-term monitoring of the physiological electric signals. The acquisition of the physiological electric signals mainly depends on the electrode plates, the accuracy and the quality of the acquired signals are determined by the quality of the electrode plates and the fit degree of the electrode plates and the surface of a human body, and therefore the research of the electrode plates is very important. The electrodes may be classified into wet electrodes and dry electrodes according to whether a conductive paste is used. At present, an electrode for acquiring physiological electric signals in medicine is generally an Ag/AgCl wet electrode, but the electrode has obvious defects: firstly, the use of the conductive paste reduces the comfort experience of patients, and has the possibility of bringing about anaphylactic reaction, so that the conductive paste is not suitable for people; secondly, the air drying of the conductive paste can cause the signal detection to be invalid and the conductive paste cannot be recycled along with the time. In contrast, dry electrodes have a better user experience and are suitable for long-term signal detection. According to the structure of the dry electrode, the dry electrode can be divided into a micro-surface structure dry electrode and a rigid flat plate type dry electrode. The micro-surface structure dry electrode can penetrate skin cutin through the micro-structure to contact with internal tissues, so that the interface impedance is reduced, but the damage to the cutin layer can bring infection risk; rigid flat plate dry electrodes do not damage the skin surface, but result in higher interfacial impedance due to incomplete contact with the skin surface. Compared with the prior art, the flexible flat plate type dry electrode can be in close contact with human skin, so that high impedance caused by incomplete contact before is reduced, and signal detection with higher quality is realized. PDMS is a flexible material with good biocompatibility, and is suitable for preparing flexible devices in contact with human bodies; compared with electrodes made of other materials, the Ag/AgCl electrode has more stable electrode potential and is suitable for long-time signal monitoring.
The Chinese patent 201810784683.2 discloses a graphene-PDMS flexible substrate electrocardio dry electrode based on a pinpoint array structure, overcomes the defect of a wet electrode, and realizes signal detection under lower impedance. However, the electrode preparation process is complex, skin cutin can be damaged due to the micro structure of the needle point, the infection risk exists, the bacteriostatic treatment needs to be added to the electrode, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
The invention of Chinese patent invention 201810662303.8 discloses a CNT-Ag-PDMS conductive mixture and a composite dry electrode thereof, which increases the contact with the skin by adopting a flexible flat plate electrode to reduce the interface impedance. However, the electrode potential of the material is unstable and is not suitable for long-term signal monitoring.
In summary, the existing dry electrodes have many disadvantages, such as infection risk to users, complicated preparation method, and most importantly, unstable electrode potential. The Ag/AgCl electrode is an electrode with a stable electrode potential and is also the type of electrode commonly used in commercial wet electrodes today.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible dry electrode prepared based on an Ag/AgCl conductive network.
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a flexible dry electrode prepared based on silver/silver chloride nanowires and a preparation method thereof. According to the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible dry electrode, the electrode part is composed of a complete conductive network formed by silver/silver chloride nanowires, the nanowires are in good contact, and gaps of the partial conductive network are filled with the flexible substrate material. Compared with a 3M commercial wet electrode, the flexible dry electrode prepared by the method has the same test signal, and the physiological electric signals measured by the flexible dry electrode when the substrate is stretched by 50% of strain and is stretched in a reciprocating manner for 50 times are still accurate, while the 3M commercial wet electrode is rigid and has no flexibility, and the measurement signal cannot be used continuously after the surface of the test electrode is dry for several hours; and the silver/silver chloride has better stability, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged. The silver/silver chloride electrode has the characteristics of stable electrode potential, polarization resistance and strong anti-interference capability in the aspect of bioelectricity signal measurement. In addition, the flexible dry electrode of the nanowire network can resist large reciprocating deformation and is in good contact with the skin, so that the interface impedance is reduced, the signal detection quality is improved, and the flexible dry electrode is more suitable for detecting human physiological electric signals.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible dry electrode based on silver/silver chloride nanowires comprises a nanowire conductive network and a flexible substrate, wherein the nanowire conductive network is formed by silver/silver chloride nanowires; one side of the nanowire conductive network layer is embedded into the flexible substrate; the other surface of the nanowire network layer is exposed on the surface of the flexible substrate.
Preferably, the thickness of the nanowire conductive network layer is 5 μm to 15 μm.
The preparation method of the flexible dry electrode based on the silver/silver chloride nanowires comprises the following steps:
(1) a flexible film is prepared on a glass sheet, a film portion in the shape of an electrode is cut out of the film, and the remaining portion is used as a stencil.
(2) And dropwise adding a silver nanowire ethanol solution into the template, and removing the solvent in the silver nanowire solution by adopting a heating evaporation method to obtain the silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film.
(3) And removing the template, dropwise adding an organic flexible prepolymer solution on the prepared silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film to obtain a composite film containing the silver nanowire conductive network, and curing to obtain the silver nanowire flexible electrode. Cutting the flexible substrate around the electrode according to the required size and shape, and peeling the flexible electrode from the glass; at this time, the silver nanowire network on the surface contacting the glass sheet is in an exposed state, and the exposed silver nanowires are connected by gold wires through conductive silver paste. Preferably, the gold wires have a diameter <0.5 mm. The organic flexible prepolymer is a flexible polymer prepolymer.
(4) And chlorinating the silver nanowires in the prepared silver nanowire flexible electrode by an electrochemical method to prepare the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible dry electrode.
Preferably, the flexible film used in step (1) and the flexible substrate material used in step (3) are formed of a flexible polymer Prepolymer (PDMS); preferably, the flexible polymer prepolymer is a polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer; preferably, the flexible polymer prepolymer is a polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer; preferably, the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer to the polydimethylsiloxane cross-linking agent is 10: 1.
Preferably, in the step (1), the film is prepared by coating the film-forming material on a glass sheet, degassing after coating, and then curing; preferably, the degassing treatment is standing for 1-2 hours or vacuumizing; preferably the temperature of the curing is 80 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the film is prepared by dripping the flexible polymer prepolymer on a glass sheet by a suction pipe, flattening, standing for 1-2 hours (or vacuumizing), and curing in an oven (curing temperature 80 ℃).
Preferably, in the step (2), the concentration of the ethanol solution of the silver nanowires is 2 × 104～4×104mg/L, preferably at a concentration of 3.2X 104mg/L, the solvent evaporation temperature is 50-70 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), before the organic flexible prepolymer solution is dripped and then cured, the organic flexible prepolymer solution penetrates into gaps of the conductive network and then is cured; preferably, the process of penetrating into the gaps of the conductive network is to place the mixture on a horizontal table top and stand the mixture in the air; preferably, the standing time is 10-12 h; preferably, the temperature of the curing is 80 ℃; preferably, the curing time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), before the organic flexible prepolymer solution is dripped and then cured, the mixture is placed on a horizontal table top and is kept stand in the air for 10-12h, and after the PDMS prepolymer solution fully permeates into gaps of the conductive network, the mixture is cured at a high temperature of 80 ℃ for 1-2 h.
Preferably, the flexible electrode formed by the silver nanowire network and the flexible substrate has an overall thickness of about 0.5-2 mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the electrochemical method is performed by completely immersing the silver nanowire network part of the electrode in a hydrochloric acid solution or a sodium chloride solution, and applying a voltage until the current is constant and does not change along with time, so as to obtain the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible dry electrode. Preferably, in the electrochemical method, the reference electrode is a standard Ag/AgCl electrode, and the counter electrode is a platinum sheet; the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5-2 mol/L, and the hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 1 mol/L; when using a hydrochloric acid solution, the voltage range applied: 0.8V-1.2V, preferably the voltage is chosen to be 1V. The sodium chloride solution is 0.5-2 mol/L, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is preferably 1mol/L, and the applied voltage range is as follows: 1.2V-2V, preferably the voltage is chosen to be 1.7V.
Preferably, in the step (4), the electrochemical method is carried out by completely immersing the silver nanowire network part of the electrode in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to apply 1V voltage, or immersing the electrode in 1mol/L sodium chloride solution to apply 1.7V voltage until the current is constant and stops changing with time, preparing the silver nanowire network into the silver/silver chloride nanowire network, taking out the silver/silver chloride nanowire network from the solution, washing the silver/silver chloride nanowire network with ultrapure water, and drying the silver/silver chloride nanowire network in the air, thereby obtaining the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible dry electrode, wherein the reference electrode is a standard Ag/AgCl electrode, and the counter electrode is a platinum sheet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible electrode, the substrate is used for manufacturing the template, then the silver nanowire solution is dripped to be mutually lapped into a complete conductive network by utilizing the one-dimensional characteristic of the nanowire, and then the flexible substrate material is infiltrated into the gaps of the conductive network, so that the flexible electrode which is provided with the complete conductive network and is good in matrix and nanowire compounding is obtained. And preparing the silver nanowire network into a silver/silver chloride network with particularly stable electrode potential by an electrochemical method, thereby obtaining the flexible dry electrode based on the silver/silver chloride nano network. The scheme firstly solves the problems that the wet electrode can not detect the physiological electric signal for a long time and the use experience is poor; secondly, compared with a micro-structure dry electrode and a rigid flat plate dry electrode, the micro-structure dry electrode does not damage the surface of the skin, is prepared by adopting a flexible material, and can be in close contact with the skin, so that the interface impedance is reduced, and the accuracy of signal detection is improved; finally, the electrode material of the electrode is a nanowire network, the conducting efficiency is less than that of a material used for a pure metal conducting material, the cost is reduced, the contact area of the nanowire network and the flexible material in the embedded network electrode is larger, the problem of interface falling of the conducting material and the flexible material is solved, and the embedded network electrode has stronger bending resistance, stretching resistance and other large deformation capabilities and longer service life. In addition, the silver/silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode has more stable electrode potential, strong polarization resistance and wide application in the aspect of biological signal measurement.
(2) The method for preparing the flexible electrode has simple equipment and conditions, can prepare the flexible electrode by selecting common materials and equipment, has simple operation process and is suitable for large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the preparation process of the Ag/AgCl flexible dry electrode of the invention. In the figure: a-preparation of a flexible prepolymer solution and a substrate, b-preparation of a flexible film, c-preparation of a template, d-dropwise addition of a silver nanowire solution into the template, e-silver nanowire network thin layer, f-preparation of a silver nanowire network electrode, g-silver nanowire electrode, h-silver/silver chloride electrode and i-silver/silver chloride flexible dry electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is further described by combining the drawings in the embodiment.
As shown in a in figure 1, firstly, preparing a PDMS flexible prepolymer solution according to the mass ratio of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepolymer to a polydimethylsiloxane cross-linking agent of 10:1, mixing the PDMS flexible prepolymer solution and the PDMS flexible prepolymer solution together, continuously stirring the mixture for 5min by using a glass rod, and then removing bubbles in the solution by using vacuum treatment (the vacuum degree is between-80 kpa and-100 kpa) for 10 to 20 min; uniformly coating a flexible prepolymer layer with the thickness of 0.5-1mm (according to requirements) on the surface of a glass sheet substrate by using a glass rod, standing the whole glass substrate on a horizontal surface for 1h, and then putting the glass substrate into an oven for curing at the high temperature of 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain a flexible thin layer, wherein the flexible thin layer is shown as b in figure 1.
Cutting a 1cm × 1cm square electrode on the surface of the flexible thin layer in fig. 1 b by a knife, and taking out the square thin layer to obtain an electrode groove template, as shown in fig. 1 c.
Placing the template with glass substrate on a hot stage, setting the temperature of the hot stage to 50 ℃, and dropwise adding silver nanowire ethanol solution (with the concentration of 3.2 × 10) into the template4mg/L), heating until the ethanol solvent is completely volatilized, and obtaining an electrode pattern of the silver nanowire network, wherein the electrode pattern is shown as d in figure 1; removing the PDMS groove template to obtain a silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film, transferring the silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film and a glass substrate to a room-temperature horizontal table board integrally, dripping the same PDMS prepolymer solution used in the step a in the figure 1 on the silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film to obtain a composite film containing a silver nanowire conductive network, standing at room temperature for 12h, curing at 80 ℃ for 1h, cutting and tearing off the unnecessary flexible PDMS substrate material by using a knife according to the required size of the flexible PDMS substrate to obtain a silver nanowire/PDMS flexible electrode, removing the silver nanowire/PDMS flexible electrode from the glass substrate, and connecting the exposed silver nanowire electrode on the contact surface of the glass sheet with a thin gold wire with the diameter of 0.25mm by using conductive silver paste as shown in the step g in the figure 1.
And finally, connecting a gold wire lead of the silver nanowire flexible electrode with an electrochemical workstation, adopting a three-electrode system, taking the silver nanowire flexible electrode as a working electrode, taking a reference electrode as a standard Ag/AgCl electrode, taking a platinum sheet as a counter electrode, selecting 1mol/L NaCl solution, and applying a voltage of 1.7V until the current is stable and unchanged to prepare the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible electrode, wherein the voltages are shown as h and i in figure 1. Compared with a 3M commercial wet electrode, the flexible dry electrode prepared by the method has the same test signal, and the physiological electric signals measured by the flexible dry electrode when the substrate is stretched by 50% of strain and stretched in a reciprocating manner for 50 times are still accurate, while the 3M commercial wet electrode is rigid and has no flexibility, and the measurement signal cannot be used continuously after the surface of the test electrode is dried for several hours.
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, which are equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and which may be made by utilizing the techniques disclosed above; meanwhile, any changes, modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments, which are equivalent to those of the technical spirit of the present invention, are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A flexible dry electrode based on silver/silver chloride nanowire is characterized in that: the flexible substrate comprises a nanowire conductive network and a flexible substrate, wherein the nanowire conductive network consists of silver/silver chloride nanowires; one surface of the nanowire conductive network layer is embedded into the flexible substrate; the other surface of the nanowire network layer is exposed on the surface of the flexible substrate.
2. The flexible dry electrode of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the nanowire conductive network layer is 5-15 μm.
3. The preparation method of the flexible dry electrode based on the silver/silver chloride nanowire network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a flexible film on a glass sheet, cutting off a part in an electrode shape on the film, and taking the rest part as a template;
(2) dripping a silver nanowire ethanol solution into the template, and removing the solvent in the silver nanowire solution by adopting a heating evaporation method to obtain a silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film;
(3) removing the template, dropwise adding an organic flexible prepolymer solution on the prepared silver nanowire two-dimensional conductive network film to obtain a composite film containing the silver nanowire conductive network, and carrying out curing treatment to obtain a silver nanowire flexible electrode; cutting the flexible substrate around the electrode according to the required size and shape, and peeling the flexible electrode from the glass; at the moment, the silver nanowire network layer on the surface, which is in contact with the glass sheet, is in a naked state, and the silver nanowires are connected through conductive silver paste by gold wires; preferably, the gold wire diameter is <0.5 mm;
(4) and chlorinating the silver nanowires in the prepared silver nanowire flexible electrode by an electrochemical method to prepare the silver/silver chloride nanowire flexible dry electrode.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the flexible film used in the step (1) and the flexible substrate material used in the step (3) are formed by flexible polymer prepolymer; preferably, the flexible polymer prepolymer is a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepolymer; preferably, the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer to the polydimethylsiloxane cross-linking agent is 10: 1.
5. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the film in the step (1) comprises the steps of coating a film forming material on a glass sheet, degassing after coating, and then curing; preferably, the degassing treatment is standing for 1-2 hours or vacuumizing; preferably the temperature of the curing is 80 ℃.
6. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the concentration of the silver nanowire ethanol solution in the step (2) is 2 multiplied by 104～4×104mg/L, preferably at a concentration of 3.2X 104mg/L, the solvent evaporation temperature is 50-70 ℃.
7. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: before the organic flexible prepolymer solution is dripped in the step (3) and then is cured, the organic flexible prepolymer solution penetrates into gaps of the conductive network and is then cured; preferably, the process of penetrating into the gaps of the conductive network is to place the mixture on a horizontal table top and stand the mixture in the air; preferably, the standing time is 10-12 h; preferably, the temperature of the curing is 80 ℃; preferably, the curing time is 1-2 h.
8. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the whole thickness of the flexible electrode formed by the silver nanowire network and the flexible substrate is 0.5-2 mm.
9. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (4), the electrochemical method is carried out as follows, the silver nanowire network part of the electrode is completely immersed in hydrochloric acid solution or sodium chloride solution, voltage is applied until the current is constant and does not change along with time any more, and then the flexible dry electrode of the silver/silver chloride nanowires is obtained; preferably, in the electrochemical method, the reference electrode is a standard Ag/AgCl electrode, and the counter electrode is a platinum sheet; the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5-2 mol/L, and the hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 1 mol/L; applied voltage range when using hydrochloric acid solution: 0.8V-1.2V, preferably the voltage is selected to be 1V; the sodium chloride solution is 0.5-2 mol/L, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is preferably 1mol/L, and the applied voltage range is as follows: 1.2V-2V, preferably the voltage is chosen to be 1.7V.
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| CN115137303A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-10-04 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | Low-temperature curing type flexible silver/silver chloride electrode, preparation method and application thereof |
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