CN113624147A - Nondestructive detection system and method for thickness and density of tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Nondestructive detection system and method for thickness and density of tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN113624147A CN113624147A CN202111134640.8A CN202111134640A CN113624147A CN 113624147 A CN113624147 A CN 113624147A CN 202111134640 A CN202111134640 A CN 202111134640A CN 113624147 A CN113624147 A CN 113624147A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
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- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
- Length-Measuring Devices Using Wave Or Particle Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
A tobacco thickness and density nondestructive detection system and method comprises a base, a thickness detection unit, an X-ray image acquisition unit and a carrying unit, wherein the thickness detection unit, the X-ray image acquisition unit and the carrying unit are arranged on the base; the image acquisition unit comprises a lead shell, an X-ray generator, a detector sliding block and a supporting rail; the carrying unit comprises a platform, a tobacco leaf placing plate, a pressing plate and the like, wherein the tobacco leaf placing plate is arranged on the platform through a placing plate sliding block and can slide left and right. The invention has the advantages that a set of automatic sample feeding tobacco leaf thickness and density nondestructive detection system is set up, the tobacco leaf thickness is detected nondestructively by adopting a laser thickness measuring method, the tobacco leaf density is detected nondestructively by adopting an X-ray transmission imaging method, the detection result has better repeatability, and the detection system can be used for detecting the physical characteristics such as the tobacco leaf thickness and density in real time on a production line and has higher practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to detection of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves, in particular to a nondestructive detection system and a nondestructive detection method for thickness and density of tobacco leaves.
Background
The thickness and the density are important physical indexes of the tobacco leaves, are closely related to the quality and the processing resistance of the tobacco leaves, and along with the deep research on the threshing and redrying processing characteristics of different tobacco leaves, the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves have obvious influences on threshing parameter adjustment, tobacco flake structure control and threshing and redrying processing quality. Therefore, the accurate detection of the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves can effectively master the raw material condition of the tobacco leaves, master the parameter setting of the tobacco leaf processing process, improve the processing quality of the tobacco leaves, improve the use value of the tobacco leaves and fully excavate the quality potential of the tobacco leaves.
Currently, the tobacco industry mainly adopts a method for directly measuring the thickness of a single layer or a lamination thickness aiming at the thickness of tobacco leaves, and uses a spiral micrometer to directly measure the thickness of a single tobacco leaf or a plurality of tobacco leaves; the tobacco density is measured by sampling with a fixed-area puncher, detecting the mass of the sample and calculating the density. The method for measuring the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves has the problems of complex operation, long time consumption, destructiveness to the structure of the tobacco leaves and incapability of verifying the repeatability and the stability of a detection result. Meanwhile, the methods are laboratory methods, cannot be applied to an actual production line, and the detection timeliness is greatly reduced.
The laser thickness gauge is generally composed of two laser displacement sensors which are vertically opposite, the upper sensor and the lower sensor respectively measure the position of the upper surface and the position of the lower surface of a measured body, and the thickness of the measured body is obtained through calculation. The laser thickness gauge has the advantages that the non-contact measurement is adopted, the precision is more accurate compared with that of a contact type thickness gauge, and the precision cannot be lost due to abrasion. At present, no report that the laser thickness gauge is applied to the aspect of tobacco leaf thickness detection is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nondestructive testing system and method for the thickness and the density of tobacco leaves based on the prior art, which adopts a laser thickness measuring method to nondestructively test the thickness of the tobacco leaves; the invention can realize automatic sample introduction and good repeatability of detection results, can be used for real-time detection of a production line and has higher practical value.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a tobacco thickness and density nondestructive testing system comprises a base, a thickness testing unit arranged on the base, an X-ray image acquisition unit and a carrying unit,
the thickness detection unit comprises a thickness gauge sliding block, a laser thickness gauge and a mounting bracket, the laser thickness gauge is fixed on the thickness gauge sliding block through the mounting bracket, the thickness gauge sliding block is mounted on the base, and the thickness detection unit slides along a sliding rail on the surface of the base under the driving of a motor through the sliding block;
the X-ray image acquisition unit is fixed on the other side of the base and comprises a lead shell, an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector, a detector sliding block and a supporting rail, wherein the lead shell and the supporting rail are fixed on the base;
the carrying unit comprises a platform, a tobacco leaf placing plate, a pressing plate and a hanging plate, wherein the tobacco leaf placing plate is arranged on the platform through a placing plate sliding block and can slide left and right on the platform, one side edge of the pressing plate is hinged to the left side of the platform and forms clamping of tobacco leaf samples together with the tobacco leaf placing plate, the tobacco leaf placing plate and the center part of the pressing plate are of corresponding hollow structures, the platform is arranged above the base through a platform support, and the hanging plate is arranged on a lead shell through a hanging plate support and can slide up and down so as to place the tobacco leaf on the plate and drop to the X-ray detector.
The movement track of the laser thickness gauge in the thickness detection unit, the movement track of the tobacco leaf placing plate in the carrying unit and the movement track of the X-ray detector in the X-ray image acquisition unit are all located on the same straight line.
The platform support is fixedly connected to the other side of the base at the position opposite to the laser thickness gauge mounting support.
The lead baffle can slide up and down at the window of the lead shell to prevent ray leakage during working.
The hanging plate support moves up and down along the lead shell through the driving motor, and then controls the hanging plate to move up and down.
The tobacco leaf placing plate and the hollow structures at the central parts of the pressing plate are rectangular, the long side direction of the tobacco leaf placing plate is consistent with the moving direction of the tobacco leaf placing plate, and the length of the tobacco leaf placing plate is 50-80 cm.
The laser thickness gauge consists of two laser displacement sensors which are vertically opposite and are respectively connected with the mounting bracket through two cantilevers.
The method for performing nondestructive testing on the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves by using the testing system is completed by the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the tobacco leaves in the center of the tobacco leaf placing plate, and covering the pressing plate to enable the pressing plate to press the edges of the tobacco leaves;
(2) the motor drives the sliding block to drive the correlation laser thickness gauge to slide rightwards, the thickness of the middle part of the tobacco leaf is measured, at least 20 points are continuously sampled, and the average thickness of the sampling points is calculated and used for representing the thickness of the measured tobacco leaf;
(3) after the thickness measurement is finished, resetting the correlation laser range finder, turning up the pressing plate, driving the tobacco leaves by the tobacco leaf placing plate to move towards the X-ray image acquisition unit, moving the hanging plate downwards after the tobacco leaves are moved in place, resetting the tobacco leaf placing plate, and enabling the tobacco leaves to fall onto the X-ray detector due to the blocking of the hanging plate;
(4) the X-ray detector carries tobacco leaves and moves towards the interior of the lead shell through the window, after the X-ray detector completely enters the lead shell, the lead baffle moves downwards to seal the window, the X-ray generator starts to work, and an X-ray image of the tobacco leaves is acquired;
(5) because the thickness and the density of the tobacco stems are different from those of the leaves greatly, the tobacco stem part in the X-ray image of the tobacco leaves needs to be removed, the specific method is to use a threshold segmentation method to segment the tobacco stem part in the image, record the position coordinates of the segmented pixel points, delete the image information of the corresponding coordinates in the X-ray image and complete the stem removal processing of the X-ray image;
(6) calculating the density of tobacco leaf according to X-ray intensity attenuation formula
It can be seen that the intensity of X-rays I (X) after passing through the material is equal to the original intensity I0Proportional to the thickness x of the material, and exponential to the thickness x of the material, according to the formula mum= μ/(+), since the mass absorption coefficient of the substance is μmThe density of the tobacco leaf can be calculated according to the difference of the linear absorption coefficient mu of the tobacco leaf on the basis of the known thickness of the tobacco leaf.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention builds a set of automatic sample feeding tobacco thickness and density nondestructive testing system.
The invention can nondestructively detect the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves, and the detection result has better repeatability.
The invention can be used for detecting the physical characteristics of the tobacco leaf such as thickness, density and the like in real time on a production line, and has higher practical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tobacco leaf thickness and density detection system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the present system.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the present system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the tobacco leaf transfer process (before the tobacco leaves are located on the placing plate).
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the tobacco leaf transfer process (tobacco leaf has fallen to the detector surface).
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tobacco leaf X-ray image acquisition detection (the X-ray detector is fully inserted into the housing).
Figure 7 is an X-ray view of tobacco leaves.
Fig. 8 is an X-ray diagram after thresholding.
In FIGS. 1-3: 1. a base; 2. a thickness gauge slide block; 3. a laser thickness gauge; 4. mounting a bracket; 5. pressing a plate; 6. a tobacco leaf placing plate; 7. placing the plate sliding block; 8. a platform; 9. hanging the plate; 10. hanging a plate bracket; 11. a lead housing; an X-ray generator; an X-ray detector; 14 a detector slide block; 15. a track; 16. a lead baffle; 17. tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
The structure of the nondestructive testing system for the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves is described as follows by combining the attached drawings:
as shown in fig. 1-6: the nondestructive testing system of the invention comprises a base 1, a thickness detection unit arranged on the base, an X-ray image acquisition unit and a carrying unit,
the thickness detection unit comprises a thickness gauge sliding block 2, a laser thickness gauge 3 and a mounting bracket 4, the laser thickness gauge 3 is fixed on the thickness gauge sliding block 2 through the mounting bracket 4, the thickness gauge sliding block 2 is mounted on the base 1, and the laser thickness gauge 3 consists of two laser displacement sensors which are vertically opposite and are respectively connected with the mounting bracket 4 through two cantilevers. The thickness detection unit slides along the slide rail on the surface of the base under the driving of the motor through the slide block;
the X-ray image acquisition unit is fixed on the other side of the base 1 and comprises a lead shell 11, an X-ray generator 12, an X-ray detector 13, a detector sliding block 14 and a supporting rail 15, wherein the lead shell 11 and the supporting rail 15 are fixed on the base 1, the lead shell 11 is provided with a window for tobacco sample introduction, the X-ray generator 12 is arranged at the top of the lead shell 11, the X-ray detector 13 is fixedly arranged on the detector sliding block 14, the detector sliding block 14 is arranged on the supporting rail 15 and can slide left and right along the rail under the driving of a motor to drive the X-ray detector 13 to enter and exit the lead shell 11 and the X-ray generator 12 to be matched for tobacco image acquisition, a lead baffle 16 is arranged at the window of the lead shell and can slide up and down at the window of the lead shell to prevent ray leakage during work.
The year thing unit includes that platform 8, tobacco leaf place board 6, clamp plate 5, link plate 9, and the tobacco leaf is placed board 6 and is set up on platform 8 and can be on the platform horizontal slip through placing board slider 7, and a side of clamp plate 5 articulates in platform 8's left side and places board 6 with the tobacco leaf and constitute the centre gripping to sample tobacco leaf 17 jointly, and the tobacco leaf is placed the central part of board 6 and clamp plate 5 and is the hollow out construction that corresponds, and platform 8 passes through the platform support setting and puts in 1 top position of base, the platform support rigid coupling is at the opposite side with the base of laser thickness gauge installing support opposite side position. The hanging plate 9 is arranged on the lead shell 11 through the hanging plate bracket 10 and can slide up and down so as to drop the tobacco leaves 17 on the tobacco leaf placing plate 6 onto the X-ray detector 13. The hanging plate bracket 10 moves up and down along the lead shell 11 through a driving motor, and then controls the hanging plate 9 to move up and down.
The movement track of the laser thickness gauge 3 in the thickness detection unit, the movement track of the tobacco placing plate 6 in the loading unit and the movement track of the X-ray detector 13 in the X-ray image acquisition unit are all positioned on the same straight line.
The nondestructive testing method for the thickness and the density of the tobacco leaves is described by combining the embodiment of the attached drawings as follows:
example 1
In this example, the tobacco leaf of fujian sanmingbi No. 1 was used as a detection target.
The method comprises the following steps: the tobacco leaves are flatly and spread and placed in the center of the tobacco leaf placing plate 6, and the pressing plate 5 is covered to enable the pressing plate to press the edges of the tobacco leaves.
Step two: and moving the sliding block to drive the correlation laser thickness gauge 3 to move, continuously measuring and recording the thickness of the middle part of the tobacco leaves, and resetting the correlation laser distance gauge after the thickness measurement is finished. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Measuring |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | … | 29 | 30 | Mean value |
| Thickness/mm of tobacco leaf | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
Step three: after the correlation laser range finder is reset, the pressing plate is turned up, the tobacco leaf placing plate 6 carries the tobacco leaves 17 to move towards one side of the X-ray imaging system, after the tobacco leaves are moved in place, the hanging plate 9 moves downwards, the tobacco leaf placing plate 6 starts to reset, and the tobacco leaves fall onto the X-ray detector 13 due to the blocking of the hanging plate, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Step four: the X-ray detector 14 carries the tobacco leaves 17 to move towards the interior of the lead shell 11 through the window, and after the tobacco leaves completely enter the lead shell, the lead baffle 16 moves downwards to seal the opening of the lead shell, as shown in fig. 6. The X-ray generator 12 starts to work, the working condition of the X-ray generator is set to be 48kv and 0.3ma, the exposure time of the X-ray detector is set to be 5s, and the acquisition of the X-ray image of the tobacco leaves is started. The acquired image is shown in fig. 7.
Step five: because the thickness and density of the tobacco stem are different from those of the leaf, the tobacco stem in the X-ray image of the tobacco leaf needs to be removed. The method of threshold segmentation is used to segment the tobacco stem part in the image, as shown in fig. 8. And recording the position coordinates of the segmented pixel points, deleting the image information of the corresponding coordinates in the X-ray image, and finishing the peduncle removal processing of the X-ray image. The average intensity of X-rays i (X) =5459 in the X-ray image after the destemming was calculated.
Step six: and calculating the density of the tobacco leaves. According to the formula:
it can be known that the X-ray intensity I (X) and the original intensity I after passing through the tobacco leaf0Proportional relation is formed, the thickness x of the tobacco leaves is in exponential relation, and mu is a linear absorption coefficient.
Will be the formula mumSubstituting = μ/ρ into equation (1):
due to the mass absorption coefficient mu of the tobacco leavesmIs not influenced by the physical state of tobacco leavesDifferential effect, i.e. mass absorption coefficient μmIs constant and can therefore ultimately be based on the original intensity I0And calculating the tobacco leaf density rho according to the X-ray intensity I (X) after passing through the tobacco leaves and the tobacco leaf thickness X. In this example I0=5587，I（x）=5459，μm=2.27, x =0.011 cm, and the tobacco density ρ =0.93 g/cm can be obtained by substituting the formula (2)3。
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive test system which characterized in that: comprises a base, a thickness detection unit arranged on the base, an X-ray image acquisition unit and a carrying unit,
the thickness detection unit comprises a thickness gauge sliding block, a laser thickness gauge and a mounting bracket, the laser thickness gauge is fixed on the thickness gauge sliding block through the mounting bracket, the thickness gauge sliding block is mounted on the base, and the thickness detection unit slides along a sliding rail on the surface of the base under the driving of a motor through the sliding block;
the X-ray image acquisition unit is fixed on the other side of the base and comprises a lead shell, an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector, a detector sliding block and a supporting rail, wherein the lead shell and the supporting rail are fixed on the base;
the carrying unit comprises a platform, a tobacco leaf placing plate, a pressing plate and a hanging plate, wherein the tobacco leaf placing plate is arranged on the platform through a placing plate sliding block and can slide left and right on the platform, one side edge of the pressing plate is hinged to the left side of the platform and forms clamping of tobacco leaf samples together with the tobacco leaf placing plate, the tobacco leaf placing plate and the center part of the pressing plate are of corresponding hollow structures, the platform is arranged above the base through a platform support, and the hanging plate is arranged on a lead shell through a hanging plate support and can slide up and down so as to place the tobacco leaf on the plate and drop to the X-ray detector.
2. The tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive testing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the moving track of the laser thickness gauge in the thickness detection unit, the moving track of the tobacco leaf placing plate in the carrying unit and the moving track of the X-ray detector in the X-ray image acquisition unit are all located on the same straight line.
3. The tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive testing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the platform support is fixedly connected to the other side of the base at the position opposite to the laser thickness gauge mounting support.
4. The tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive testing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the lead baffle can slide up and down at the window of the lead shell.
5. The tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive testing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the hanging plate support moves up and down along the lead shell through the driving motor, and then controls the hanging plate to move up and down.
6. The tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive testing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the laser thickness gauge consists of two laser displacement sensors which are vertically opposite and are respectively connected with the mounting bracket through two cantilevers.
7. The tobacco leaf thickness, density nondestructive testing system of claim 1, characterized in that: the tobacco leaf placing plate and the hollow structures at the central parts of the pressing plate are rectangular, the long side direction of the tobacco leaf placing plate is consistent with the moving direction of the tobacco leaf placing plate, and the length of the tobacco leaf placing plate is 50-80 cm.
8. A method for performing nondestructive testing on the thickness and density of tobacco leaves by using the testing system of claims 1-7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is completed by the following steps:
(1) flatly placing the tobacco leaves in the center of the tobacco leaf placing plate, and covering the pressing plate to enable the pressing plate to press the edges of the tobacco leaves;
(2) the motor drives the sliding block to drive the correlation laser thickness gauge to slide rightwards, the thickness of the middle part of the tobacco leaf is measured, at least 20 points are continuously sampled, and the average thickness of the sampling points is calculated and used for representing the thickness of the measured tobacco leaf;
(3) after the thickness measurement is finished, resetting the correlation laser range finder, turning up the pressing plate, driving the tobacco leaves by the tobacco leaf placing plate to move towards the X-ray image acquisition unit, moving the hanging plate downwards after the tobacco leaves are moved in place, resetting the tobacco leaf placing plate, and enabling the tobacco leaves to fall onto the X-ray detector due to the blocking of the hanging plate;
(4) the X-ray detector carries tobacco leaves and moves towards the interior of the lead shell through the window, after the X-ray detector completely enters the lead shell, the lead baffle moves downwards to seal the window, the X-ray generator starts to work, and an X-ray image of the tobacco leaves is acquired;
(5) because the thickness and the density of the tobacco stems are different from those of the leaves greatly, the tobacco stem part in the X-ray image of the tobacco leaves needs to be removed, the specific method is to use a threshold segmentation method to segment the tobacco stem part in the image, record the position coordinates of the segmented pixel points, delete the image information of the corresponding coordinates in the X-ray image and complete the stem removal processing of the X-ray image;
(6) calculating the density of tobacco leaf according to X-ray intensity attenuation formula
It can be seen that the intensity of X-rays I (X) after passing through the material is equal to the original intensity I0Proportional to the thickness x of the material, and exponential to the thickness x of the material, according to the formula mum= μ/(+), since the mass absorption coefficient of the substance is μmThe density of the tobacco leaf can be calculated according to the difference of the linear absorption coefficient mu of the tobacco leaf on the basis of the known thickness of the tobacco leaf.
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| CN114082667A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-25 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Intelligent high-precision textile flat knitting machine insertion piece detection equipment |
| CN117235463A (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2023-12-15 | 北京科技大学 | Nondestructive testing method for alloy defect inner wall oxide film spatial distribution |
| CN117718144A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-19 | 南京专注智能科技股份有限公司 | Tobacco thickness detection processing device and working method thereof |
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| CN117235463A (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2023-12-15 | 北京科技大学 | Nondestructive testing method for alloy defect inner wall oxide film spatial distribution |
| CN117235463B (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2024-01-30 | 北京科技大学 | Nondestructive testing method for alloy defect inner wall oxide film spatial distribution |
| CN117718144A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-19 | 南京专注智能科技股份有限公司 | Tobacco thickness detection processing device and working method thereof |
| CN117718144B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-26 | 南京专注智能科技股份有限公司 | Tobacco thickness detection processing device and working method thereof |
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