CN113622883A - Gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment device and method for gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles - Google Patents
Gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment device and method for gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
Abstract
The invention relates to a gravity-assisted drive simulation experiment device and method for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles, which comprises two high-pressure displacement pumps, three sample distributors, an intermediate container, a self-heating sand filling pipe, a rotatable sand filling pipe holder, an iron stand, an oil-gas-water three-phase metering system, five needle valves, two three-way valves, a back-pressure valve and three electronic pressure gauges; the inclination angle of the self-heating sand filling pipe is changed by the rotatable sand filling pipe clamp, the constant temperature condition is realized by the sample preparation device and the self-heating sand filling pipe, and the accurate measurement of oil, gas and water is realized by the oil, gas and water three-phase measurement system; the influence degree and law of different influence factors on the improvement of the recovery ratio of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer by gravity-assisted flooding are researched by developing simulation experiments under different inclination angles, internal permeability, injected gas composition, viscosity reducer types, injected gas-viscosity reducer slug modes, gas injection speed and gas injection quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas industry and a technology for improving recovery efficiency by gravity-assisted development of a gas-assisted viscosity reducer in an inclined heavy oil reservoir, and particularly relates to a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for gravity-assisted flooding of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles.
Background
The steam flooding or steam huff and puff technology is adopted to develop the heavy oil reservoir, the good viscosity reduction effect can be obtained, but the steam injection development energy consumption is large, the energy utilization rate is low, and CO is accompanied2And (5) discharging. If the gas drive enhanced recovery measure is adopted for development, gas channeling, fingering and premature gas breakthrough can be caused due to the high mobility ratio under the huge viscosity difference, so that the enhanced recovery effect is greatly reduced.
For an inclined heavy oil reservoir, gas is injected into the top of the stratum to carry out gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding, and gas fingering caused by the difference of oil-gas fluidity ratios is resisted and relieved by the density difference of oil gas and the viscosity reducer, so that a better effect of improving the recovery ratio can be achieved. At present, the research on the gravity-assisted oil displacement technology of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer is less. A set of experimental device and method for researching various influence factors of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding of the inclined heavy oil reservoir are lacked.
Therefore, the problem to be solved in the field at present is to provide a set of experimental device and method which are simple in structure, easy to operate, accurate in measurement and capable of realizing research on influence factors such as a gravity-assisted driving inclination angle of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer, internal permeability, a gas injection-viscosity reducer slug mode, a gas injection composition, viscosity reducer types, gas injection quantity, gas injection speed and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment device and method for a gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles, wherein a self-heating sand-filling pipe is used for controlling the temperature, and the structure is simple; the inclination angle conversion is realized by utilizing the iron support and the rotatable sand filling pipe clamp holder, and the operation is easy; the liquid inlet from bottom to top, the gas inlet from top to bottom and the gas pressure released by the metering liquid are realized by utilizing the metering tube base, so that the volume measurement error caused by the adhesion of formation oil on the wall of the metering tube and the compression and mixing of gas in the metering tube is reduced, and the metering is accurate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides a be used for supplementary visbreaking agent gravity auxiliary drive simulation experiment device of gas under different inclination, including the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump, the 1 st needle valve, the 2 nd needle valve, the 3 rd needle valve, the 4 th needle valve, the 5 th needle valve, inject into the gas and join in marriage the appearance ware, the visbreaking agent joins in marriage appearance ware, formation oil joins in marriage appearance ware, formation water intermediate container, the 1 st three-way valve, the 2 nd three-way valve, the entry pressure gauge, self-heating sand pack pipe, rotatable sand pack stand, the 1 st iron, the export pressure gauge, the backpressure valve, the backpressure pressure gauge, the 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump, oil gas water three-phase measurement system.
The outlet end of the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump is connected with a 1 st needle valve, a 2 nd needle valve, a 3 rd needle valve and a 4 th needle valve in parallel, and the 1 st needle valve, the 2 nd needle valve, the 3 rd needle valve and the 4 th needle valve are respectively connected with an injection gas sample distributor, a viscosity reducer sample distributor, a formation oil sample distributor and a formation water intermediate container. The outlet ends of the injection gas sample distributor and the viscosity reducer sample distributor are respectively connected with the port a and the port b of the 1 st three-way valve, and the outlet ends of the formation oil sample distributor and the formation water intermediate container are respectively connected with the port d and the port e of the 2 nd three-way valve. The 1 st three-way valve c port and the 2 nd three-way valve f port pipeline are collected in the 5 th needle valve, and the 5 th needle valve is connected with the inlet pressure gauge. The inlet pressure gauge is connected to the self-heating sand filling pipe, and the outlet end of the self-heating sand filling pipe is connected with the outlet pressure gauge and then connected with the inlet of the back pressure valve. The 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump is connected to the back pressure gauge and then is connected to the back pressure valve constant pressure chamber, and the back pressure valve outlet is connected to the oil-gas-water three-phase metering system.
Preferably, the self-heating sand-packed pipe is characterized in that the pipeline cutting ferrule is connected with the sand-packed pipe gland through threads, and the pipeline cutting ferrule extrudes the blade ring to perform plastic deformation so as to lock the pressure-resistant pipeline sealing interface. Rubber seal rings and rubber gaskets are embedded in the sand filling pipe gland and are connected to the two ends of the pressure-resistant steel pipe through threads, and sand prevention separation nets are padded on the inner sides of the sand filling pipe gland. The outer wall of the pressure-resistant steel pipe is wound with a heating wire and wrapped with a heat insulation layer, the pressure-resistant steel pipe is connected to the 1 st iron support through a rotatable sand filling pipe holder, and the whole self-heating sand filling pipe inclination angle theta is changed by adjusting the rotatable sand filling pipe holder.
Preferably, oil gas water three-phase measurement system, its characterized in that, oil gas water three-phase measurement system entry pipeline is connected to 1 st buret base g port, and the h port is sealed with 1 st buret base rubber buffer. The 1 st buret base is connected 1 st buret bottom, and 1 st buret middle part is fixed in 2 nd iron stand platform with 1 st buret holder, and 1 st buret top is sealed with 1 st buret rubber buffer, and initial measurement liquid level is a little higher than 1 st buret minimum scale mark in the 1 st buret.
2 nd buret top is sealed with 2 nd buret rubber buffer, and 1 st buret rubber buffer and 2 nd buret rubber buffer top are with pipeline interconnect and pierce through. The middle part of the 2 nd buret is fixed on the 2 nd iron stand by the 2 nd buret clamper, and the bottom part of the 2 nd buret is connected with the 2 nd buret base. The 2 nd burette base i port is sealed with the 2 nd burette base rubber buffer, and the j port is connected through the pipeline and pierces through the 3 rd burette rubber buffer. The 3 rd buret bottom is sealed with 3 rd buret rubber buffer, and 3 rd buret middle part is fixed in on the 2 nd iron stand platform with 3 rd buret holder. The initial liquid level in the 2 nd measuring tube is flush with the initial liquid level in the 3 rd measuring tube and is slightly lower than the maximum scale mark of the 2 nd measuring tube.
An experimental scheme design for a gravity-assisted flooding simulation experimental method of a gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles is as follows: the specific inclination angle, the internal permeability, the injected gas composition, the viscosity reducer type, the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode, the gas injection speed and the gas injection quantity of the target inclined heavy oil reservoir are taken as the values of all the influence factors of the basic experimental scheme. And in a reasonable value range, sequentially changing the values of single influence factors in the basic experiment scheme to carry out the design of the experiment scheme. Specific experimental protocol design was performed with reference to table 1.
A gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment method for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of vertically placing a self-heating sand filling pipe, opening a gland of the top sand filling pipe, and placing a trimmed sand prevention separation net into a pressure-resistant steel pipe to enable the sand prevention separation net to be flatly paved on the gland of the bottom sand filling pipe. Filling quartz sand into the pressure-resistant steel pipe, tapping the bottom sand filling pipe gland with a rubber hammer to vibrate every time the quartz sand with the height of 20cm is filled, and then compacting the filled quartz sand from the upper part by a compacting rod until the quartz sand is just levelAnd the top of the pressure-resistant steel pipe is provided with threads. And placing a sand prevention separation net on the top of the filled quartz sand, screwing a top sand filling pipe gland tightly, and fixing the self-heating sand filling pipe on the No. 1 iron stand through a rotatable sand filling pipe clamp. Calculating theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And the internal permeability k of the artificial sand body, if the internal permeability k of the artificial sand body meets the internal permeability magnitude order designed by the experimental scheme, the quartz sand in the mesh range is considered to meet the requirement, otherwise, the mesh range of the quartz sand needs to be adjusted and reloaded. And step two, connecting an experimental device, and ensuring that the air tightness of each part is tested after all valves are closed. And (3) taking down the f port pipeline of the 2 nd three-way valve, connecting the taken-down pipeline with a vacuum pump, and opening the 5 th needle valve to vacuumize the self-heating sand filling pipe. And after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing the 5 th needle valve, taking the pipeline down from the vacuum pump, and then connecting the pipeline back to the f port of the 2 nd three-way valve. Adjusting the rotatable sand filling pipe holder to enable the inclination angle theta of the self-heating sand filling pipe to be 90 degrees, enabling the inlet end to face downwards, opening the 4 th needle valve, the 2 nd three-way valve f port and the e port valve, saturating formation water in the formation water intermediate container into the self-heating sand filling pipe from bottom to top through the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump, and inhibiting the cross flow by utilizing the action of gravity to enable artificial sand bodies in the self-heating sand filling pipe to be fully saturated with the formation water. Calculating the actual artificial sand porosity phi in the self-heating sand filling pipe2If the theoretical artificial sand body porosity phi1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2If the relative error epsilon is more than 5 percent, the step one needs to be repeated until the porosity phi of the theoretical artificial sand body1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2The relative error epsilon between is less than 5 percent.
And step three, raising the temperature of the self-heating sand filling pipe to the target temperature of the simulation experiment. And opening the 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump, adjusting the back pressure to be the simulated experiment target pressure, pumping the formation water in the formation water intermediate container into the self-heating sand filling pipe through the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump until the fluid pressure in the self-heating sand filling pipe reaches the simulated experiment target pressure, and closing the e-port valve of the 2 nd three-way valve. And adjusting the rotatable sand filling pipe holder to enable the inclination angle theta of the self-heating sand filling pipe to be-90 degrees, and enabling the inlet end to be upward. And opening a d-port valve of the 2 nd three-way valve, a 1 st needle valve, a 2 nd needle valve and a 3 rd needle valve, and saturating formation oil in the self-heating sand filling pipe through the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump. When no water is seen in the 1 st buret, the saturation of the formation oil is completed. And after the saturated formation oil is finished, closing all the port valves of the 2 nd three-way valve.
And step four, adjusting the rotatable sand filling pipe clamp to enable the inclination angle theta of the self-heating sand filling pipe to reach the target inclination angle designed by the experimental scheme, and selecting the composition of injected gas and the type of the viscosity reducer in the design of the experimental scheme. Opening a port valve c of the 1 st three-way valve, adjusting the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump to perform constant-speed displacement according to the designed gas injection speed of the experimental scheme, and adjusting the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode by controlling the opening and closing time of the ports valves a and b of the 1 st three-way valve to meet the design of the experimental scheme. And (3) stopping the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump after the target gas injection amount designed by the experimental scheme is reached, and closing all port valves of the 1 st three-way valve to finish the gravity-assisted driving of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer. And taking down the self-heating sand filling pipe, washing residual formation oil in the self-heating sand filling pipe by using petroleum ether, and drying.
And step five, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the inclination angle theta of the simulated experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulated experiments under all the inclination angles in the design of the experiment scheme are completed.
Step six, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection speed of the simulation experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment at all the gas injection speeds in the design of the experiment scheme is completed;
step seven, taking the basic experimental scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection-viscosity reducer slug mode of the simulation experiment, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the gas injection-viscosity reducer slug modes in the experimental scheme design is completed;
step eight, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection amount of the simulated experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulated experiment under all the gas injection amounts in the design of the experiment scheme is completed;
step nine, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the composition of the injected gas in the simulation experiment, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the compositions of the injected gas in the design of the experiment scheme is completed;
step ten, taking the basic experimental scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the type of the viscosity reducer in the simulation experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the types of the viscosity reducer in the design of the experimental scheme is completed;
step eleven, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the range of the number of quartz sand, refilling the self-heating sand filling pipe to simulate other intrinsic permeability magnitude orders, keeping other influence factors unchanged, and repeating the step one, the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiments under all the intrinsic permeability in the design of the experiment scheme are completed;
and step twelve, taking the stratum oil recovery rate and the injected gas oil change rate of the simulation experiment as evaluation indexes, researching the influence degree and rule of the influence factors on the stratum oil recovery rate and the injected gas oil change rate, and providing reliable reference for the research of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding mechanism of the inclined heavy oil reservoir, the parameter optimization and the technical scheme compilation.
Preferably, the gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment method for the gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles is characterized in that in the step one, the theoretical artificial sand body porosity phi1And the calculation formula of the intrinsic permeability k of the artificial sand body is as follows:
wherein phi is1Theoretical artificial sand porosity (dimensionless); m is quartz sand assembly filled in self-heating sand filling pipeA mass (g); rho is the density (g/cm) of the quartz sand filled in the self-heating sand filling pipe3) (ii) a Pi is the circumference ratio, and the value is 3.14159 (dimensionless); l is the effective length (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe; dpipeThe inner diameter (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe; k is the intrinsic permeability (mD) of the artificial sand body; e is a natural logarithm, and the value is 2.71828 (dimensionless); d50Median diameter (μm) of the packed quartz sand grains; dminMinimum diameter (mum) of the filled quartz sand grains; dmaxIs the maximum diameter (mum) of the filled quartz sand grains.
In the second step, the actual artificial sand body porosity phi2The calculation formula is as follows:
φ2＝(Vwi1-Vwp1)/Vpipe
theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2The inter-relative error epsilon is calculated by the formula:
wherein phi is2Actual artificial sand porosity (dimensionless); vwi1The formation water injection volume (cm) of the artificial sand saturated formation water stage in the step two3)；Vwp1The formation water production volume (cm) of the artificial sand body saturated formation water stage in the step two3)；VpipeFor self-heating the volume (cm) of the sand filling pipe3) (ii) a Artificial sand body porosity phi with epsilon as theory1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2Relative error (%) between.
In the third step, the initial oil saturation S of the artificial sand bodyoAnd irreducible water saturation S of artificial sand bodywThe calculation formula is as follows:
So＝Vwp2/(Vwi1-Vwp1)
Sw＝1-So
wherein S isoIs the initial oil saturation (dimensionless) of the artificial sand body; vwp2Stratum in stratum oil stage of artificial sand saturation in step threeVolume (cm) of water produced3)；SwThe irreducible water saturation of the artificial sand body (dimensionless).
In the twelfth step, the formula for calculating the recovery ratio of the formation oil R (i, j) and the oil change ratio of the injected gas C (i, j) is as follows:
R(i,j)＝Vop3(i,j)/Vwp2(i,j)
C(i,j)＝Vop3(i,j)/Vgi3(i,j)
wherein R (i, j) is the recovery rate (dimensionless) of the formation oil of the artificial sand body gas auxiliary viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding in the jth simulation experiment of the ith influence factor; vop3(i, j) is the formation oil output volume (cm) of the artificial sand gas-drive stage of the ith simulation experiment of the ith influence factor3)；Vwp2(i, j) is the formation water production volume (cm) of the j th simulation experiment artificial sand body saturated formation oil stage of the ith influence factor3) (ii) a C (i, j) is the injected gas oil change rate (cm) of the artificial sand body gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding of the jth simulation experiment of the ith influence factor3/cm3)；Vgi3Gas injection quantity (cm) of artificial sand gas flooding stage of jth simulation experiment for ith influence factor3)。
Preferably, the gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment method for the gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles is characterized in that in the second step, all the burettes are detached and the burettes are rinsed with the active agent solution before the fluid is produced from the heated sand-filled pipe. And (3) draining the redundant active agent solution, forming an active agent adsorption layer on the walls of the burettes, so that the 1 st burette wall is oleophobic and prevents formation oil from adhering, and the 2 nd burette wall and the 3 rd burette wall are lyophobic and prevent the measured liquid from adhering. The active agent solution may be selected according to wettability requirements. After rinsing, the tubes were returned to the experimental set-up.
After the burette is rinsed, adding the metering liquid into the 1 st burette through the 1 st burette base rubber plug, and adding the metering liquid into the 2 nd burette and the 3 rd burette through the 2 nd burette base rubber plug. Before the metering liquid is added, the rubber stopper of the 2 nd measuring tube is loosened, and the pressure building in the measuring tube is prevented when the metering liquid is added. And filling the metering liquid until the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 1 st measuring tube is slightly higher than the minimum scale mark of the 1 st measuring tube, the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube is flush with the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube and is slightly lower than the maximum scale mark of the 2 nd measuring tube, and tightly covering the rubber stopper of the 2 nd measuring tube after the metering liquid is filled. And selecting the types of the metering liquid according to the composition of the injected gas, the viscosity reducer, the formation oil and the formation water in the simulation experiment, and considering the wettability of the metering liquid and the solubility of the formation oil and the injected gas.
Preferably, the gravity-assisted drive simulation experiment method for the gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles is characterized in that in the fourth step, when the gravity-assisted drive of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer is carried out, after gas flows into the 2 nd measuring tube from top to bottom, the liquid level of the measuring liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube is extruded downwards, the liquid level of the measuring liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube is lifted, and the generated liquid column difference causes the gas pressure P in the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tubegAnd (4) rising. Gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tubegAnd the volume of each gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube is shown as the following formula:
Pg＝Pa+ρmgΔh
wherein, PgThe gas pressure (Pa) in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube; paAtmospheric pressure, at 101325 (Pa); rhomThe liquid density (kg/m) was measured in the 2 nd burette3) (ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity, and the value is 9.8 (m/s)2) (ii) a Delta h is the height difference (m) of the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube and the 3 rd measuring tube; vgThe volume (m) of gas injected into the upper space of the 1 st and 2 nd measuring tubes3)；ngFor filling the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tubeAmount of gas species (mol); zgThe deviation factor of the gas injected into the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube is calculated; r is a molar gas constant and takes the value of 8.31447 (J/(mol.K)); t is the gas temperature (K) in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube; vaThe volume (m) of air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube3)；naThe amount (mol) of the substance in the air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube; zaThe deviation factor of the air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube is shown; vnThe volume (m) of the gas for removing the formation oil in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube3)；nnThe amount (mol) of substances desorbed from the formation oil in the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tube; znAnd the deviation factor of the stratum oil degassing gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe and the 2 nd measuring pipe is shown.
According to the formula, the gas volume is subjected to a deviation factor Zg、Za、ZnAnd gas pressure PgInfluence. As the pressure increases, the gas is compressed and the volume gradually decreases; while the gas deviates from the ideal gas with increasing pressure, gas deviation factor Zg、Za、ZnDifferences begin to occur, with consequent differences in gas intermolecular distances and resulting in gas miscibility. All of the above processes increase the gas volume measurement error. After the self-heating sand filling pipe produces fluid, the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring pipe is leveled to the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 3 rd measuring pipe again by continuously pumping out the metering liquid from the rubber plug at the base of the 2 nd measuring pipe. Let the gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube and the 2 nd measuring tubegReturning to the atmospheric pressure, the gas in the burette is closer to the ideal gas, the gas volume measurement error caused by gas compression and mixing is reduced, meanwhile, the metering liquid is prevented from overflowing from the top of the 3 rd burette, and the gas storage amount of the burette is increased.
By utilizing the experimental device and the method for simulating the gravity-assisted flooding of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles, the research on the influence degree and the law of various influence factors in the gravity-assisted flooding of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer on the recovery ratio of the formation oil and the oil change rate of the injected gas can be realized, and the research includes but is not limited to the inclination angle, the internal permeability, the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode, the injected gas composition, the viscosity reducer type, the gas injection amount, the gas injection speed and the like. Meanwhile, the self-heating sand filling pipe can greatly reduce the size and complexity of the experimental device by controlling the temperature through the heating wire and the heat insulation layer. The self-heating sand filling pipe is fixed through the rotatable sand filling pipe clamping device, and inclination angle change can be easily realized. The liquid inlet and outlet from bottom to top is realized by adopting a burette base, and the volume measurement error caused by the adhesion of formation oil to the burette wall is reduced; the metering liquid is injected and pumped out by adopting the burette base, the gas pressure in the burette is released, and the volume measurement error caused by gas compression and mixing is reduced. Therefore, the gravity-assisted flooding simulation of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer can be realized easily, and reliable reference is provided for the gravity-assisted flooding mechanism research, parameter optimization and technical scheme compilation of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer in the inclined heavy oil reservoir.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment device for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles, provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a single side of the self-heating sand-packed pipe.
The symbols in the drawings represent the following meanings:
1-1 st high-pressure displacement pump, 2-1 st needle valve, 3-2 nd needle valve, 4-3 rd needle valve, 5-4 th needle valve, 6-injection gas sample distributor, 7-viscosity reducer sample distributor, 8-formation oil sample distributor, 9-formation water intermediate container, 10-1 st three-way valve, 11-2 nd three-way valve, 12-inlet pressure gauge, 13-self-heating sand filling pipe, 14-rotatable sand filling pipe holder, 15-1 st iron stand table, 16-outlet pressure gauge, 17-back pressure valve, 18-back pressure gauge, 19-2 nd high-pressure displacement pump, 20-1 st burette base, 21-1 st burette base rubber plug, 22-1 st burette, 23-1 st burette holder, 24-1 st rubber plug burette, 25-2 nd iron stand, 26-2 nd buret rubber plug, 27-2 nd buret holder, 28-2 nd buret, 29-2 nd buret base, 30-2 nd buret base rubber plug, 31-3 rd buret rubber plug, 32-pressure-resistant pipeline, 33-pipeline clamping sleeve, 34-edge ring, 35-sand-filled pipe gland, 36-rubber sealing ring, 37-rubber gasket, 38-sand-proof spacer net, 39-heating wire, 40-heat-insulating layer, 41-oil-gas-water three-phase metering system, 42-3 rd buret, 43-3 rd buret holder, 44-pressure-resistant steel pipe and 45-5 th needle valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figures 1 and 2, the gravity-assisted driving simulation experiment device for the gas-assisted viscosity reducer under different inclination angles comprises a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1), a 1 st needle valve (2), a 2 nd needle valve (3), a 3 rd needle valve (4), a 4 th needle valve (5), an injection gas sample distributor (6), a viscosity reducer sample distributor (7), a formation oil sample distributor (8), a formation water intermediate container (9), a 1 st three-way valve (10), a 2 nd three-way valve (11), an inlet pressure gauge (12), a self-heating sand filling pipe (13), a rotatable sand filling pipe clamp (14), a 1 st iron support (15), an outlet pressure gauge (16), a back pressure valve (17), a back pressure gauge (18), a 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump (19), a 1 st pipe base (20), a 1 st pipe base rubber plug (21), a 1 st pipe (22), a 1 st pipe clamp (23), The device comprises a 1 st buret rubber plug (24), a 2 nd iron stand platform (25), a 2 nd buret rubber plug (26), a 2 nd buret holder (27), a 2 nd buret (28), a 2 nd buret base (29), a 2 nd buret base rubber plug (30), a 3 rd buret rubber plug (31), a pressure-resistant pipeline (32), a pipeline clamping sleeve (33), a blade ring (34), a sand filling pipe gland (35), a rubber sealing ring (36), a rubber gasket (37), a sand control spacer mesh (38), a heating wire (39), a heat insulation layer (40), an oil-gas-water three-phase metering system (41), a 3 rd buret (42), a 3 rd buret holder (43), a pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) and a 5 th needle valve (45).
The outlet end of the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) is connected with a 1 st needle valve (2), a 2 nd needle valve (3), a 3 rd needle valve (4) and a 4 th needle valve (5) in parallel, the 1 st needle valve (2), the 2 nd needle valve (3), the 3 rd needle valve (4) and the 4 th needle valve (5) are respectively connected with an injection gas sample distributor (6), a viscosity reducer sample distributor (7), a formation oil sample distributor (8) and a formation water intermediate container (9) and are respectively used for storing injection gas, viscosity reducers, formation oil and formation water and maintaining target pressure and temperature. The outlet ends of the injected gas sample distributor (6) and the viscosity reducer sample distributor (7) are respectively connected with the port a and the port b of a 1 st three-way valve (10), the outlet ends of the formation oil sample distributor (8) and the formation water intermediate container (9) are respectively connected with the port d and the port e of a 2 nd three-way valve (11), and the 1 st three-way valve (10) and the 2 nd three-way valve (11) respectively control the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode and the injection of the formation oil and the formation water. The c port of the 1 st three-way valve (10) and the f port of the 2 nd three-way valve (11) are collected in the 5 th needle valve (45), the 5 th needle valve (45) is connected with the inlet pressure gauge (12), and the inlet pressure gauge (12) is finally connected with the self-heating sand filling pipe (13).
In self-heating sand pack pipe (13), pipeline cutting ferrule (33) is through threaded connection sand pack pipe gland (35), and pipeline cutting ferrule (33) extrusion sword ring (34) take place the plastic deformation and then lock withstand voltage pipeline (32) sealing interface. The embedded rubber sealing ring (36) of the sand filling pipe gland (35) and the rubber gasket (37) are connected to the two ends of the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) through threads, and a sand prevention separation net (38) is padded on the inner side of the sand filling pipe gland (35) to realize sealing and sand isolation. The outer wall of the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) is wound with a heating wire (39) and wrapped with a heat insulation layer (40) to keep the target temperature and prevent scalding. The rotary sand filling pipe holder (14) is connected to the 1 st iron stand (15), and the inclination angle theta of the whole self-heating sand filling pipe (13) is changed by adjusting the rotary sand filling pipe holder (14).
The outlet end of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) is connected with an outlet pressure gauge (16) and then is connected with an inlet of a back pressure valve (17), and a 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump (19) is connected with a back pressure gauge (18) and then is connected with a constant pressure chamber of the back pressure valve (17). The outlet of the back pressure valve (17) is connected to an oil-gas-water three-phase metering system (41). An inlet pipeline in the oil-gas-water three-phase metering system (41) is connected with a g port of a 1 st burette base (20), and an h port is sealed by a 1 st burette base rubber plug (21). The 1 st burette base (20) is connected with the bottom of the 1 st burette (22), and the 1 st burette base (20) is used for realizing the injection and discharge of the metering liquid in the 1 st burette (22) and the inflow of the formation oil from bottom to top, thereby reducing the adhesion of the metering liquid and the formation oil on the metering pipe wall. 1 st buret (22) middle part is fixed in 2 nd iron stand platform (25) with 1 st buret holder (23), 1 st buret (22) top is sealed with 1 st buret rubber buffer (24). The liquid level of the initial measuring liquid in the 1 st measuring pipe (22) is slightly higher than the minimum scale mark of the 1 st measuring pipe (22), the formation oil flows into the 1 st measuring pipe (22) from bottom to top and floats on the upper part of the measuring liquid through gravity differentiation, and the volume of the formation oil flowing into the 1 st measuring pipe (22) is obtained through the scale reading of the liquid level of the measuring liquid in the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the scale reading of the liquid level of the formation oil.
The 2 nd buret (28) top is sealed with 2 nd buret rubber buffer (26), and 1 st buret rubber buffer (24) and 2 nd buret rubber buffer (26) top are with pipeline interconnect and pierce through. The middle part of the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) is fixed on the 2 nd iron stand (25) by a 2 nd measuring pipe clamper (27). The bottom of the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is connected with a 2 nd measuring tube base (29), the i port of the 2 nd measuring tube base (29) is sealed by a 2 nd measuring tube base rubber plug (30) to realize the injection and discharge of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube (28), and the j port is connected through a pipeline and penetrates through a 3 rd measuring tube rubber plug (31). The 3 rd measuring tube rubber stopper (31) seals the bottom of the 3 rd measuring tube (42), and the middle part of the 3 rd measuring tube (42) is fixed on the 2 nd iron stand (25) by a 3 rd measuring tube clamper (43). The initial liquid level of the measuring liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is level with the liquid level of the measuring liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube (42) and is slightly lower than the maximum scale mark of the 2 nd measuring tube (28). After the gas flows into the 2 nd measuring tube (28) from top to bottom, the liquid level of the measuring liquid of the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is pressed downwards, the liquid level of the measuring liquid of the 3 rd measuring tube (42) is lifted, and the generated liquid column difference causes the gas pressure in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28) to rise. The liquid level of the liquid to be measured in the 2 nd burette (28) is flushed with the liquid level of the liquid to be measured in the 3 rd burette (42) again by pumping the liquid to be measured out of the rubber plug (30) at the base of the 2 nd burette, and the gas pressure in the upper spaces of the 1 st burette (22) and the 2 nd burette (28) is returned to the atmospheric pressure, so that the volume measurement error caused by gas compression and mixing is reduced. The front and back scale reading of the liquid level of the liquid is measured by the 2 nd measuring tube (28), and the volume of the gas flowing into the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is obtained.
An experimental scheme design for a gravity-assisted flooding simulation experimental method of a gas-assisted viscosity reducer at different inclination angles is as follows: the specific inclination angle, the internal permeability, the injected gas composition, the viscosity reducer type, the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode, the gas injection speed and the gas injection quantity of the target inclined heavy oil reservoir are taken as the values of all the influence factors of the basic experimental scheme. And in a reasonable value range, sequentially changing the values of single influence factors in the basic experiment scheme to carry out the design of the experiment scheme. Specific experimental protocol design was performed with reference to table 1.
A gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment method for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles comprises the following steps:
step one, vertically placing a self-heating sand filling pipe (13), and opening the top endAnd a sand filling pipe gland (35), wherein the trimmed sand control separation net (38) is placed into a pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) and is flatly paved on the bottom sand filling pipe gland (35). Filling quartz sand into the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44), tapping the bottom sand filling pipe gland (35) by a rubber hammer to vibrate when the quartz sand with the height of 20cm is filled, and then compacting the filled quartz sand from the upper part by a compaction rod until the threads at the top of the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) are just leveled. And placing a sand control separation net (38) on the top of the filled quartz sand, and screwing a top sand filling pipe gland (35) tightly. The self-heating sand filling pipe (13) is fixed on a No. 1 iron stand (15) through a rotatable sand filling pipe clamp (14). Calculating theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And the internal permeability k of the artificial sand body, if the internal permeability k of the artificial sand body meets the internal permeability magnitude order designed by the experimental scheme, the quartz sand in the mesh range is considered to meet the requirement, otherwise, the mesh range of the quartz sand needs to be adjusted and reloaded. Theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And the calculation formula of the intrinsic permeability k of the artificial sand body is as follows:
wherein phi is1Theoretical artificial sand porosity (dimensionless); m is the total mass (g) of the quartz sand filled in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); rho is the density (g/cm) of the quartz sand filled in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13)3) (ii) a Pi is the circumference ratio, and the value is 3.14159 (dimensionless); l is the effective length (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); dpipeThe inner diameter (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); k is the intrinsic permeability (mD) of the artificial sand body; e is a natural logarithm, and the value is 2.71828 (dimensionless); d50Median diameter (μm) of the packed quartz sand grains; dminMinimum diameter (mum) of the filled quartz sand grains; dmaxIs the maximum diameter (mum) of the filled quartz sand grains. And step two, connecting an experimental device, and ensuring that the air tightness of each part is tested after all valves are closed. In thatBefore the formation water is saturated, all the burettes are detached, the burettes are rinsed by using different active agent solutions, redundant active agent solutions are drained, an active agent adsorption layer is formed on the walls of the burettes, the walls of the 1 st burette (22) are oleophobic, and the formation oil is prevented from being adhered; the walls of the 2 nd measuring tube (28) and the 3 rd measuring tube (42) are made to be lyophobic, and the measured liquid is prevented from being adhered. The active agent solution can be selected according to the following table and wettability requirements:
table 2 example table of the degree of change in wettability of active agent solutions
After the rinsing is finished, each measuring tube is loaded back into the experimental device, the metering liquid is added into the 1 st measuring tube (22) through the 1 st measuring tube base rubber plug (21), and the metering liquid is added into the 2 nd measuring tube (28) and the 3 rd measuring tube (42) through the 2 nd measuring tube base rubber plug (30). Before the metering liquid is added, the rubber stopper (26) of the 2 nd measuring tube is loosened, so that the pressure building in the measuring tube is prevented when the metering liquid is added. And (3) filling the metering liquid until the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 1 st measuring tube (22) is slightly higher than the minimum scale mark of the 1 st measuring tube (22), the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is flush with the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube (42) and is slightly lower than the maximum scale mark of the 2 nd measuring tube (28), and tightly covering the rubber stopper (26) of the 2 nd measuring tube after the metering liquid is filled. And selecting the types of the metering liquid according to the composition of the injected gas, the viscosity reducer, the formation oil and the formation water in the simulation experiment and in consideration of the wettability of the metering liquid and the solubility of the formation oil and the injected gas. Different metering liquid types can be exchanged with reference to the following table:
TABLE 3 measuring liquid applicability example table
And (3) taking the f port pipeline of the 2 nd three-way valve (11), connecting the taken pipeline with a vacuum pump, and opening the 5 th needle valve (45) to vacuumize the self-heating sand filling pipe (13). And after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing the 5 th needle valve (45), taking the pipeline out of the vacuum pump, and then connecting the pipeline back to the f port of the 2 nd three-way valve (11). Adjustable rotatable sand-filled pipe clampThe self-heating sand filling pipe (13) is inclined by the angle theta of 90 degrees by the device (14), and the inlet end of the self-heating sand filling pipe faces downwards. And (3) opening a 4 th needle type valve (5), a 2 nd three-way valve (11), f ports and e ports of valves, saturating the formation water in the formation water intermediate container (9) into the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) from bottom to top through a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1), injecting 0.2 current formation water pump injection amount after the 1 st measuring pipe (22) sees water, and closing the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) after the pumping is finished to finish the saturation of the formation water. Excessive injection of formation water from bottom to top effectively inhibits channeling by utilizing gravity, and ensures that artificial sand in the self-heating sand-filling pipe (13) is completely saturated with the formation water. The actual porosity phi of the artificial sand body in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13)2And theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2The inter-relative error epsilon is calculated by the formula:
φ2＝(Vwi1-Vwp1)/Vpipe
wherein phi is2Actual artificial sand porosity (dimensionless); vwi1The formation water injection volume (cm) of the artificial sand saturated formation water stage in the step two3)；Vwp1The formation water production volume (cm) of the artificial sand body saturated formation water stage in the step two3)；VpipeIs the volume (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13)3) (ii) a Artificial sand body porosity phi with epsilon as theory1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2Relative error (%) between.
If the porosity phi of the artificial sand body is theoretical1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2If the relative error epsilon is more than 5 percent, the step one needs to be repeated until the porosity phi of the theoretical artificial sand body1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2The relative error epsilon between is less than 5 percent.
And step three, raising the temperature of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to the target temperature of the simulated experiment, turning on a No. 2 high-pressure displacement pump (19), and adjusting the back pressure to the target pressure of the simulated experiment. Turning on the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) to connect the groundAnd (3) pumping the formation water in the formation water intermediate container (9) into the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) until the fluid pressure in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) reaches the target pressure of the simulation experiment, and closing an e port valve of a 2 nd three-way valve (11). And adjusting the rotatable sand filling pipe holder (14) to enable the inclination angle theta of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to be-90 degrees, and enabling the inlet end to be upward. And opening a d-port valve of a 2 nd three-way valve (11), a 1 st needle valve (2), a 2 nd needle valve (3) and a 3 rd needle valve (4), and saturating formation oil in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) through a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1). When the oil in the 1 st measuring pipe (22) is not water, then 0.2 current formation oil pump injection is injected, and after the pumping is finished, all port valves of the 2 nd three-way valve (11) are closed to finish the saturation of the formation oil. Excessive injection of the formation oil from top to bottom effectively inhibits the channeling by using gravity, and ensures that the artificial sand in the self-heating sand-filled pipe (13) is completely saturated with the formation oil. The initial oil saturation S of the artificial sand body in the self-heating sand-filling pipe (13) is calculated according to the following formulaoAnd irreducible water saturation S of artificial sand bodyw：
So＝Vwp2/(Vwi1-Vwp1)
Sw＝1-So
Wherein S isoIs the initial oil saturation (dimensionless) of the artificial sand body; vwp2The formation water yield volume (cm) of the oil phase of the artificial sand saturated formation in the third step3)；SwThe irreducible water saturation of the artificial sand body (dimensionless).
And step four, adjusting the rotatable sand filling pipe clamp (14) to enable the inclination angle theta of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to reach the target inclination angle designed by the experimental scheme. Selecting the composition of injected gas and the type of the viscosity reducer in the design of the experimental scheme, opening a port c valve of a 1 st three-way valve (10), adjusting a gas injection speed of a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) according to the design of the experimental scheme to carry out constant-speed displacement, and adjusting the mode of the injected gas-the viscosity reducer slug by controlling the opening and closing time of the ports a and b of the 1 st three-way valve (10) to accord with the design of the experimental scheme.
After the gas flows into the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) from top to bottom, the liquid level of the measuring liquid of the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) is pressed downwards and the liquid level of the measuring liquid of the 3 rd measuring pipe (42) is lifted, so that the generated liquid column difference causes the second measuring pipe (28) to be in a liquid column shapeGas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)gAnd (4) rising. The gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)gAnd the volume of each gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is shown as the following formula:
Pg＝Pa+ρmgΔh
wherein, PgThe gas pressure (Pa) in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28); paAtmospheric pressure, at 101325 (Pa); rhomFor metering the liquid density (kg/m) in the 2 nd measuring tube (28)3) (ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity, and the value is 9.8 (m/s)2) (ii) a Delta h is the height difference (m) of the liquid level of the metering liquid of the 2 nd measuring tube (28) and the 3 rd measuring tube (42); vgThe volume (m) of gas injected into the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)3)；ngThe amount (mol) of the substance for injecting gas into the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); zgA deviation factor of the gas injected into the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28); r is a molar gas constant and takes the value of 8.31447 (J/(mol.K)); t is the gas temperature (K) in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); vaIs the volume (m) of air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)3)；naThe amount (mol) of the substance in the air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); zaThe deviation factor of the air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28); vnThe volume (m) of the formation oil degassing gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28)3)；nnThe amount (mol) of substances desorbed from the formation oil in the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28); znIs the deviation factor of the stratum oil degassing gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28).
According to the formula, the gas volume is subjected to a deviation factor Zg、Za、ZnAnd gas pressure PgInfluence. As the pressure increases, the gas is compressed and the volume gradually decreases; while the gas deviates from the ideal gas with increasing pressure, gas deviation factor Zg、Za、ZnDifferences begin to occur, with consequent differences in gas intermolecular distances and resulting in gas miscibility. All of the above processes increase the gas volume measurement error. If formation water is used as the metering liquid, the difference delta h between the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube (28) and the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube (42) will result in the gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28) every 0.1mgIncreasing 1000Pa, the gas volume will compress 1%. In combination with the effect of gas volume compression and miscibility, the difference in liquid level height Δ h between the 2 nd (28) and 3 rd (42) vials per 0.1m results in a gas volume measurement error of 1.5% or more.
After the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) produces fluid, the liquid level of the liquid in the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) is leveled with the liquid level of the liquid in the 3 rd measuring pipe (42) by continuously pumping the liquid out of the rubber plug (30) at the base of the 2 nd measuring pipe, and the gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) is enabledgReturning to the atmospheric pressure, the gas in the burette is closer to the ideal gas, the gas volume measurement error caused by gas compression and mixing is reduced, meanwhile, the metering liquid is prevented from overflowing from the top of the 3 rd burette (42), and the gas storage amount of the burette is increased.
And (3) stopping the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) after the target gas injection amount designed by the experimental scheme is reached, closing all port valves of the 1 st three-way valve (10), and completing the gravity-assisted driving of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer. And taking down the self-heating sand filling pipe (13), washing residual formation oil in the self-heating sand filling pipe by using petroleum ether, and drying the residual formation oil.
And step five, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the inclination angle theta of the simulated experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulated experiments under all the inclination angles in the design of the experiment scheme are completed.
And step six, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection speed of the simulation experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment at all the gas injection speeds in the design of the experiment scheme is completed.
And step seven, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection-viscosity reducer slug mode of the simulation experiment, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the gas injection-viscosity reducer slug modes in the design of the experiment scheme is completed.
And step eight, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection amount of the simulated experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulated experiment under all the gas injection amounts in the design of the experiment scheme is completed.
And step nine, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the composition of the injected gas in the simulation experiment, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the compositions of the injected gas in the design of the experiment scheme is completed.
And step ten, taking the basic experimental scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the type of the viscosity reducer in the simulation experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the types of the viscosity reducer in the design of the experimental scheme is completed.
Step eleven, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the range of the number of the quartz sand, refilling the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to simulate other intrinsic permeability orders, keeping other influence factors unchanged, and repeating the step one, the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiments under all the intrinsic permeability in the design of the experiment scheme are completed.
And step twelve, taking the stratum oil recovery rate and the injected gas oil change rate of the simulation experiment as evaluation indexes, researching the influence degree and rule of the influence factors on the stratum oil recovery rate and the injected gas oil change rate, and providing reliable reference for the research of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding mechanism of the inclined heavy oil reservoir, the parameter optimization and the technical scheme compilation. Calculating the formation oil recovery ratio R (i, j) of the ith influence factor of the jth simulation experiment artificial sand body gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding and the injected gas oil change rate C (i, j) of the ith influence factor of the jth simulation experiment artificial sand body gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding according to the following formula:
R(i,j)＝Vop3(i,j)/Vwp2(i,j)
C(i,j)＝Vop3(i,j)/Vgi3(i,j)
wherein R (i, j) is the recovery rate (dimensionless) of the formation oil of the artificial sand body gas auxiliary viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding in the jth simulation experiment of the ith influence factor; vop3(i, j) is the formation oil output volume (cm) of the artificial sand gas-drive stage of the ith simulation experiment of the ith influence factor3)；Vwp2(i, j) is the formation water production volume (cm) of the j th simulation experiment artificial sand body saturated formation oil stage of the ith influence factor3) (ii) a C (i, j) is the injected gas oil change rate (cm) of the artificial sand body gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding of the jth simulation experiment of the ith influence factor3/cm3)；Vgi3Gas injection quantity (cm) of artificial sand gas flooding stage of jth simulation experiment for ith influence factor3)。
The invention has been described in detail with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A gravity-assisted driving simulation experiment device for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles comprises a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1), a 1 st needle valve (2), a 2 nd needle valve (3), a 3 rd needle valve (4), a 4 th needle valve (5), a 5 th needle valve (45), an injection gas sample distributor (6), a viscosity reducer sample distributor (7), a formation oil sample distributor (8), a formation water intermediate container (9), a 1 st three-way valve (10), a 2 nd three-way valve (11), an inlet pressure gauge (12), a self-heating sand filling pipe (13), a rotatable sand filling pipe clamp holder (14), a 1 st iron support (15), an outlet (16), a back pressure valve (17), a back pressure gauge (18), a 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump (19) and an oil-gas-water three-phase metering system (41);
the outlet end of the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) is connected with a 1 st needle valve (2), a 2 nd needle valve (3), a 3 rd needle valve (4) and a 4 th needle valve (5) in parallel, the 1 st needle valve (2), the 2 nd needle valve (3), the 3 rd needle valve (4) and the 4 th needle valve (5) are respectively connected with an injection gas sample distributor (6), a viscosity reducer sample distributor (7), a formation oil sample distributor (8) and a formation water intermediate container (9), the outlet ends of the injection gas sample distributor (6) and the viscosity reducer sample distributor (7) are respectively connected with an a port and a port b of a 1 st three-way valve (10), the outlet ends of the formation oil sample distributor (8) and the formation water intermediate container (9) are respectively connected with a d port and an e port of a 2 nd three-way valve (11), a c port of the 1 st three-way valve (10) and a f port of the 2 nd three-way valve (11) are collected in a 5 th needle valve (45), and the 5 th needle valve (45) is connected with an inlet pressure gauge (12), inlet pressure gauge (12) is reconnected to self-heating sand pack pipe (13), connects back pressure valve (17) entry after outlet pressure gauge (16) is connected to self-heating sand pack pipe (13) exit end, is connected to back pressure valve (17) constant pressure room after back pressure gauge (18) is connected to 2 nd high pressure displacement pump (19), and back pressure valve (17) exit linkage is to oil gas water three-phase measurement system (41).
2. The self-heating sand-filled pipe (13) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pipeline cutting sleeve (33) is connected with a sand-filled pipe gland (35) through screw threads, the pipeline cutting sleeve (33) extrudes a blade ring (34) to generate plastic deformation so as to lock a sealing interface of the pressure-resistant pipeline (32), a rubber sealing ring (36) is embedded in the sand-filled pipe gland (35), a rubber gasket (37) is connected with two ends of a pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) through screw threads, a sand-proof spacer mesh (38) is padded on the inner side of the sand-filled pipe gland (35), a heating wire (39) is wound on the outer wall of the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) and wraps a heat-insulating layer (40), the pressure-resistant steel pipe gland is connected to a 1 iron stand (15) through a rotatable sand-filled pipe clamp holder (14), and the change of the inclination angle θ of the whole self-heating sand-filled pipe (13) is realized by adjusting the rotatable sand-filled pipe clamp holder (14).
3. The oil-gas-water three-phase metering system (41) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet pipeline of the oil-gas-water three-phase metering system (41) is connected to the g port of the 1 st burette base (20), the h port is sealed by the 1 st burette base rubber plug (21), the 1 st burette base (20) is connected to the bottom of the 1 st burette (22), the 1 st burette (22) is fixed on the 2 nd iron stand (25) by the 1 st burette clamp (23) in the middle, the 1 st burette (22) is sealed by the 1 st burette rubber plug (24) in the top, and the initial metering liquid level in the 1 st burette (22) is slightly higher than the minimum scale line of the 1 st burette (22);
the top of the 2 nd buret (28) is sealed by a 2 nd buret rubber plug (26), the top of the 1 st buret rubber plug (24) and the 2 nd buret rubber plug (26) are connected with each other and penetrated by a pipeline, the middle part of the 2 nd buret (28) is fixed on the 2 nd iron stand (25) by a 2 nd buret clamp (27), the bottom of the 2 nd buret (28) is connected with a 2 nd buret base (29), the i port of the 2 nd buret base (29) is sealed by a 2 nd buret base rubber plug (30), the j port is connected with and penetrated by a pipeline by a 3 rd buret rubber plug (31), the bottom of the 3 rd buret (42) is sealed by a 3 rd buret rubber plug (31), the middle part of the 3 rd buret (42) is fixed on the 2 nd iron stand (25) by a 3 rd buret clamp (43), the initial metering liquid level in the 2 nd buret (28) is level flush with the initial metering liquid level in the 3 rd buret (42) and slightly lower than the maximum graduation line of the 2 nd buret (28).
4. An experimental scheme design for a gravity-assisted flooding simulation experimental method of a gas-assisted viscosity reducer under different dip angles is characterized in that the specific dip angle, the internal permeability, the injected gas composition, the viscosity reducer type, the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode, the gas injection speed and the gas injection quantity of a target inclined heavy oil reservoir are taken as values of various influence factors of a basic experimental scheme; in a reasonable value range, sequentially changing the values of single influence factors in the basic experiment scheme to carry out the design of the experiment scheme; specific experimental protocol design was performed with reference to the following table:
table 1 experimental plan design example table
Wherein, the simulation experiment (i, j) is the jth simulation experiment of the ith influencing factor.
5. A gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment method for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
vertically placing a self-heating sand filling pipe (13), opening a top sand filling pipe gland (35), placing a trimmed sand control spacer net (38) into a pressure-resistant steel pipe (44), enabling the sand control spacer net to be flatly paved on a bottom sand filling pipe gland (35), filling quartz sand into the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44), tapping a bottom sand filling pipe gland (35) by using a rubber hammer to vibrate when the quartz sand with the height of 20cm is filled, and then compacting the filled quartz sand from the upper part by using a compaction rod until threads at the top of the pressure-resistant steel pipe (44) are just leveled; placing a sand prevention separation net (38) on the top of the filled quartz sand, screwing a top sand filling pipe gland (35) tightly, and fixing the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) on a No. 1 iron stand (15) through a rotatable sand filling pipe clamp holder (14); calculating theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And the internal permeability k of the artificial sand body, if the internal permeability k of the artificial sand body meets the internal permeability magnitude order designed by the experimental scheme, the quartz sand in the mesh range is considered to meet the requirement, otherwise, the mesh range of the quartz sand needs to be adjusted and the quartz sand needs to be refilled;
connecting an experimental device, and ensuring that the air tightness of each part is tested after all valves are closed; taking off the f port pipeline of the 2 nd three-way valve (11), connecting the taken-off pipeline with a vacuum pump, and opening the 5 th needle valve (45) to vacuumize the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing the 5 th needle valve (45), taking the pipeline down from the vacuum pump, and then connecting the pipeline back to the f port of the 2 nd three-way valve (11); adjusting a rotatable sand filling pipe holder (14) to enable the inclination angle theta of a self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to be 90 degrees, enabling an inlet end to face downwards, opening a 4 th needle valve (5), a 2 nd three-way valve (11) f port and an e port valve, and enabling a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) to be used for pumping the sand filling pipe into a sand filling pipeThe formation water in the formation water intermediate container (9) is saturated into the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) from bottom to top, and the cross flow is inhibited by utilizing the action of gravity, so that the artificial sand in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) is completely saturated with the formation water; calculating the actual artificial sand porosity phi in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13)2If the theoretical artificial sand body porosity phi1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2If the relative error epsilon is more than 5 percent, the step one needs to be repeated until the porosity phi of the theoretical artificial sand body1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2The relative error epsilon is less than 5 percent;
step three, raising the temperature of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to the target temperature of the simulation experiment; opening a 2 nd high-pressure displacement pump (19), adjusting back pressure to be simulated experiment target pressure, injecting the formation water in the formation water intermediate container (9) into the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) through the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) until the fluid pressure in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) reaches the simulated experiment target pressure, and closing an e port valve of a 2 nd three-way valve (11); adjusting a rotatable sand filling pipe holder (14) to enable the inclination angle theta of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to be-90 degrees, and enabling the inlet end to be upward; opening a d-port valve of a 2 nd three-way valve (11), a 1 st needle valve (2), a 2 nd needle valve (3) and a 3 rd needle valve (4), saturating formation oil in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) through a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1), and completing the saturation of the formation oil when the oil in a 1 st measuring pipe (22) does not see water; after the saturated formation oil is finished, closing all port valves of the 2 nd three-way valve (11);
adjusting a rotatable sand filling pipe clamp (14) to enable the inclination angle theta of a self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to reach a target inclination angle designed by an experimental scheme, selecting the composition of injected gas and the type of the viscosity reducer in the design of the experimental scheme, opening a port valve c of a 1 st three-way valve (10), adjusting a gas injection speed of a 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) to perform constant-speed displacement according to the design of the experimental scheme, and adjusting the injected gas-viscosity reducer slug mode by controlling the opening and closing time of valves at ports a and b of the 1 st three-way valve (10) to meet the design of the experimental scheme; stopping the 1 st high-pressure displacement pump (1) after the target gas injection amount designed by the experimental scheme is reached, closing all port valves of the 1 st three-way valve (10), and completing the gravity-assisted driving of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer; taking down the self-heating sand filling pipe (13), washing residual formation oil in the self-heating sand filling pipe with petroleum ether, and drying the residual formation oil;
step five, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the inclination angle theta of the simulated experiment, keeping other influence factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulated experiments under all the inclination angles in the design of the experiment scheme are completed;
step six, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection speed of the simulation experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment at all the gas injection speeds in the design of the experiment scheme is completed;
step seven, taking the basic experimental scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection-viscosity reducer slug mode of the simulation experiment, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the gas injection-viscosity reducer slug modes in the experimental scheme design is completed;
step eight, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the gas injection amount of the simulated experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulated experiment under all the gas injection amounts in the design of the experiment scheme is completed;
step nine, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the composition of the injected gas in the simulation experiment, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the compositions of the injected gas in the design of the experiment scheme is completed;
step ten, taking the basic experimental scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the type of the viscosity reducer in the simulation experiment, keeping other influencing factors unchanged, and repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiment under all the types of the viscosity reducer in the design of the experimental scheme is completed;
step eleven, taking the basic experiment scheme in the step one as a reference, adjusting the range of the number of quartz sand, refilling the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) to simulate other intrinsic permeability magnitude orders, keeping other influence factors unchanged, and repeating the step one, the step two, the step three and the step four until the simulation experiments under all intrinsic permeability in the design of the experiment scheme are completed;
and step twelve, taking the stratum oil recovery rate and the injected gas oil change rate of the simulation experiment as evaluation indexes, researching the influence degree and rule of the influence factors on the stratum oil recovery rate and the injected gas oil change rate, and providing reliable reference for the research of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding mechanism of the inclined heavy oil reservoir, the parameter optimization and the technical scheme compilation.
6. The gravity-assisted flooding simulation experiment method for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles according to claim 5, wherein in the step one, the theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And the calculation formula of the intrinsic permeability k of the artificial sand body is as follows:
wherein phi is1Theoretical artificial sand porosity (dimensionless); m is the total mass (g) of the quartz sand filled in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); rho is the density (g/cm) of the quartz sand filled in the self-heating sand filling pipe (13)3) (ii) a Pi is the circumference ratio, and the value is 3.14159 (dimensionless); l is the effective length (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); dpipeThe inner diameter (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13); k is the intrinsic permeability (mD) of the artificial sand body; e is a natural logarithm, and the value is 2.71828 (dimensionless); d50Median diameter (μm) of the packed quartz sand grains; dminMinimum diameter (mum) of the filled quartz sand grains; dmaxThe maximum diameter (mum) of the filled quartz sand grains;
in the second step, the actual artificial sand porosity phi 2 calculation formula is as follows:
φ2＝(Vwi1-Vwp1)/Vpipe
theoretical artificial sand porosity phi1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2Relative to each otherThe error epsilon is calculated by the formula:
wherein phi is2Actual artificial sand porosity (dimensionless); vwi1The formation water injection volume (cm) of the artificial sand saturated formation water stage in the step two3)；Vwp1The formation water production volume (cm) of the artificial sand body saturated formation water stage in the step two3)；VpipeIs the volume (cm) of the self-heating sand filling pipe (13)3) (ii) a Artificial sand body porosity phi with epsilon as theory1And actual artificial sand porosity phi2Relative error (%) between;
in the third step, the initial oil saturation S of the artificial sand bodyoAnd irreducible water saturation S of artificial sand bodywThe calculation formula is as follows:
So＝Vwp2/(Vwi1-Vwp1)
Sw＝1-S0
wherein S isoIs the initial oil saturation (dimensionless) of the artificial sand body; vwp2The formation water yield volume (cm) of the oil phase of the artificial sand saturated formation in the third step3)；SwIrreducible water saturation for artificial sand (dimensionless);
in the twelfth step, the formula for calculating the recovery ratio of the formation oil R (i, j) and the oil change ratio of the injected gas C (i, j) is as follows:
R(i，j)＝Vop3(i，j)/Vwp2(i，j)
C(i，j)＝Vop3(i，j)/Vgi3(i，j)
wherein R (i, j) is the recovery rate (dimensionless) of the formation oil of the artificial sand body gas auxiliary viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding in the jth simulation experiment of the ith influence factor; vop3(i, j) is the formation oil output volume (cm) of the artificial sand gas-drive stage of the ith simulation experiment of the ith influence factor3)；Vwp2(i, j) of j th simulation experiment artificial sand saturated stratum oil stage with i th influence factorFormation water production volume (cm)3) (ii) a C (i, j) is the injected gas oil change rate (cm) of the artificial sand body gas-assisted viscosity reducer gravity-assisted flooding of the jth simulation experiment of the ith influence factor3/cm3)；Vgi3Gas injection quantity (cm) of artificial sand gas flooding stage of jth simulation experiment for ith influence factor3)。
7. The gravity-assisted drive simulation experiment method for gas-assisted viscosity reducers at different inclination angles according to claim 5, wherein in the second step to the eleventh step, before the fluid is produced from the heated sand-filled pipe (13), all the burettes are detached and are rinsed by the active agent solution, the excess active agent solution is drained, an active agent adsorption layer is formed on the walls of the burettes, and the wall of the 1 st burette (22) is oleophobic and prevents the formation oil from being adhered; the walls of the 2 nd measuring tube (28) and the 3 rd measuring tube (42) are lyophobic, so that the measured liquid is prevented from being adhered; the active agent solution may be selected according to wettability requirements; after the rinsing is finished, each measuring tube is installed back to the experimental device;
after the rinsing of the burette is finished, adding a metering liquid into a 1 st burette (22) through a 1 st burette base rubber plug (21), and adding the metering liquid into a 2 nd burette (28) and a 3 rd burette (42) through a 2 nd burette base rubber plug (30); before the metering liquid is added, a 2 nd burette rubber plug (26) is loosened to prevent the burette from holding pressure when the metering liquid is added; filling the metering liquid until the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 1 st measuring tube (22) is slightly higher than the minimum scale mark of the 1 st measuring tube (22), the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is flush with the liquid level of the metering liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube (42) and is slightly lower than the maximum scale mark of the 2 nd measuring tube (28), and tightly covering the rubber stopper (26) of the 2 nd measuring tube after the metering liquid is filled; and selecting the types of the metering liquid according to the composition of the injected gas, the viscosity reducer, the formation oil and the formation water in the simulation experiment, and considering the wettability of the metering liquid and the solubility of the formation oil and the injected gas.
8. The method for simulating gravity-assisted driving of a gas-assisted viscosity reducer under different inclination angles according to claim 5, wherein in the fourth step, when the gravity-assisted driving of the gas-assisted viscosity reducer is performed, since the gas flows into the 2 nd measuring tube (28) from top to bottom, the 2 nd measuring tube is pressed downwards(28) Measuring the liquid level and raising the liquid level of the measuring liquid in the 3 rd measuring tube (42), the generated liquid column difference causes the gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)gRising; the gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)gAnd the volume of each gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28) is shown as the following formula:
Pg＝Pa+ρmgΔh
wherein, PgThe gas pressure (Pa) in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28); paAtmospheric pressure, at 101325 (Pa); rhomFor metering the liquid density (kg/m) in the 2 nd measuring tube (28)3) (ii) a g is the acceleration of gravity, and the value is 9.8 (m/s)2) (ii) a Delta h is the height difference (m) of the liquid level of the metering liquid of the 2 nd measuring tube (28) and the 3 rd measuring tube (42); vgThe volume (m) of gas injected into the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)3)；ngThe amount (mol) of the substance for injecting gas into the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); zgA deviation factor of the gas injected into the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28); r is a molar gas constant and takes the value of 8.31447 (J/(mol.K)); t is the gas temperature (K) in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); vaIs the volume (m) of air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28)3)；naThe amount (mol) of the substance in the air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); zaIs the deflection of air in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28)A difference factor; vnThe volume (m) of the formation oil degassing gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28)3)；nnThe amount of substances (mo1) desorbed from the formation oil in the upper spaces of the 1 st measuring tube (22) and the 2 nd measuring tube (28); znThe deviation factor of the stratum oil degassing gas in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28);
according to the formula, the gas volume is subjected to a deviation factor Zg、Za、ZnAnd gas pressure Pg(ii) an effect; as the pressure increases, the gas is compressed and the volume gradually decreases; while the gas deviates from the ideal gas with increasing pressure, gas deviation factor Zg、Za、ZnThe initial difference, and the gas intermolecular distance, which leads to gas miscibility; the above processes all increase the gas volume measurement error; after the self-heating sand filling pipe (13) produces fluid, the liquid level of the liquid in the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) is leveled to the liquid level of the liquid in the 3 rd measuring pipe (42) by continuously pumping the liquid out of the rubber plug (30) at the base of the 2 nd measuring pipe, and the gas pressure P in the upper space of the 1 st measuring pipe (22) and the 2 nd measuring pipe (28) is controlledgReturning to the atmospheric pressure, the gas in the burette is closer to the ideal gas, the gas volume measurement error caused by gas compression and mixing is reduced, meanwhile, the metering liquid is prevented from overflowing from the top of the 3 rd burette (42), and the gas storage amount of the burette is increased.
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