CN113606005A - Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system - Google Patents
Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113606005A CN113606005A CN202110949338.1A CN202110949338A CN113606005A CN 113606005 A CN113606005 A CN 113606005A CN 202110949338 A CN202110949338 A CN 202110949338A CN 113606005 A CN113606005 A CN 113606005A
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- expander
- compressor
- impeller
- carbon dioxide
- supercritical carbon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
- F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system, which comprises a compressor, a heat source, an expander and a cooler which are sequentially connected and form a gas loop, wherein a gas regulating unit is arranged on the gas loop, the compressor and the expander are arranged in the same cylinder body, a compressor cavity and an expander cavity which are mutually independent and closed are formed in the cylinder body, a compressor impeller and an expander impeller are arranged on the same main shaft, the expander impeller is arranged between the compressor impeller and an air outlet end of the expander, one side of the compressor cavity and the expander cavity are sealed through a mechanical gap sealing element, and the other side of the compressor cavity and an external space are sealed through a mechanical dynamic sealing element. The invention converts the difficult problem of high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic sealing into the problem of low-temperature sealing, and solves the great problem of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to supercritical carbon dioxide, in particular to a Brayton cycle system for supercritical carbon dioxide.
Background
The brayton cycle has no phase change in principle, and as an energy source, the thermal efficiency is far higher than about 40% of that of the current thermal power generation (rankine cycle), and theoretically can reach more than 70%. And the source of the required heat source is wide, and can be from petrochemical fuel, solar energy, biofuel, even waste heat and the like. The range of the heat source temperature is wide, and the heat source can be used generally only when the temperature reaches more than 500 ℃. The energy density is high, the installed power is the same, and the equipment is few and exquisite. The required auxiliary conditions are few, for example, the consumption of cooling water is far less than that of a thermal power plant, and the method is more environment-friendly. For the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle, a great deal of research is put into both domestic and foreign experts and institutions.
However, the expander, which is one of the core devices in the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle, has an operating temperature of 500 ℃ or higher and an operating pressure of 20MPa or higher, and there is no mechanical dynamic seal satisfying the conditions at present, and even if a bearable mechanical dynamic seal is developed in the future, the cost thereof will be high, which is a technical difficulty in global research of the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system, in the system, the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor and the expansion machine are coaxially arranged in the same cylinder, so that the problem of high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic sealing is changed into the problem of low-temperature sealing, the great problem of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system is solved, and the implementation and the application of the system are realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system comprises a compressor, a heat source, an expander and a cooler which are sequentially connected and form a gas loop, high-temperature gas coming out of the expander preheats gas before the compressor enters the heat source through a preheater, a gas adjusting unit is arranged on the gas loop, an adjusting valve is arranged between the gas adjusting unit and the gas loop, the compressor comprises a compressor impeller, the expander comprises an expander impeller, the compressor and the expander are arranged in the same cylinder body, a compressor cavity and an expander cavity which are mutually independent and closed are formed in the cylinder body, the compressor impeller is arranged in the compressor cavity, a compressor gas inlet end and a compressor gas outlet end are arranged on the compressor cavity, the expander impeller is arranged in the expander cavity, an expander gas inlet end and an expander gas outlet end are arranged on the expander cavity, the compressor impeller and the expander impeller are arranged on the same main shaft, the expander impeller is arranged between the compressor impeller and the air outlet end of the expander, one side of the compressor cavity and the expander cavity are sealed through a mechanical gap sealing element, and the other side of the compressor cavity and the external space are sealed through a mechanical dynamic sealing element.
Preferably, the mechanical gap sealing element is a comb tooth sealing element, and the mechanical dynamic sealing element is a series dry gas sealing structure.
Preferably, one end of the main shaft is supported by a supporting device, the other end of the main shaft is fixedly provided with a shaft sleeve, the comb tooth sealing element is fixedly arranged in the cylinder body, and the shaft sleeve is sleeved with the comb tooth sealing element in a sealing manner.
Preferably, the support device is a high-speed generator or a bearing seat, and the compressor is located between the expander and the support device.
Preferably, the expander inlet end is arranged along a radial direction of the cylinder block, the expander outlet end is arranged along an axial direction of the cylinder block, and the compressor inlet end and the compressor outlet end are both arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder block.
Preferably, the compressor impeller and the expander impeller are mounted in the same direction or in opposite directions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor and the supercritical carbon dioxide expansion machine are arranged in the same cylinder body, the compressor impeller and the expansion machine impeller are arranged at the same end of the same main shaft, the expansion machine impeller is positioned between the compressor impeller and the air outlet end of the expansion machine, one side of the expansion machine impeller is the air outlet end of the expansion machine, so that dynamic sealing is not needed, the other side of the expansion machine impeller is the compressor impeller, the expansion machine impeller and the compressor impeller are sealed through a common mechanical gap sealing element, the sealing requirement is not high, and even if a small amount of high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide leaks into a cavity of the compressor from the cavity of the expansion machine, the normal work of the compressor cannot be influenced; therefore, the dynamic seal which has great design difficulty and prevents the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas of the expansion machine from leaking to the external space is eliminated; for the external dynamic sealing of the expander and the compressor, only the mechanical dynamic sealing element on the compressor side is needed for sealing, and the carbon dioxide on the compressor side is low in temperature, so that the mechanical dynamic sealing element with mature technology is adopted for sealing, the problem of high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic sealing is converted into the problem of low-temperature sealing, the great problem of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton circulation system is solved, and the implementation and application of the system are realized; in the working state of the system, the impeller of the expansion machine directly drives the impeller of the compressor, so that the driving energy conversion of the compressor is avoided, and the system efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the compressor wheel and expander wheel of the present invention mounted in the same direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the gas leak of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a back-mounted compressor wheel and expander wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction of FIG. 5;
in the figure: 10-compressor, 11-compressor impeller, 12-compressor inlet end, 13-compressor outlet end, 20-heat source, 30-expander, 31-expander impeller, 32-expander inlet end, 33-expander outlet end, 40-cooler, 50-regulating valve, 60-gas regulating unit, 70-cylinder, 71-mechanical clearance seal, 72-mechanical dynamic seal, 80-main shaft, 81-support device, 82-shaft sleeve and 90-preheater.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1-6, a supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system includes a compressor 10, a heat source 20, an expander 30 and a cooler 40 which are connected in sequence and form a gas loop, and the high-temperature gas from the expander 30 passes through a preheater 90 to preheat the gas before the compressor 10 enters the heat source 20, the gas loop is provided with a gas regulating unit 60, a regulating valve 50 is arranged between the gas regulating unit 60 and the gas loop, the compressor 10 includes a compressor impeller 11, the expander 30 includes an expander impeller 31, the compressor 10 and the expander 30 are installed in a same cylinder 70, a compressor chamber and an expander chamber which are independent and closed are formed in the cylinder 70, the compressor impeller 11 is installed in the compressor chamber, and the compressor chamber is provided with a compressor inlet end 12 and a compressor outlet end 13, the expander impeller 21 is installed in the expander cavity, the expander cavity is provided with an expander air inlet end 32 and an expander air outlet end 33, the compressor impeller 11 and the expander impeller 31 are installed on the same main shaft 80, the expander impeller 31 is installed between the compressor impeller 11 and the expander air outlet end 33, one side of the compressor cavity and the expander cavity are sealed through a mechanical gap sealing element 71, and the other side of the compressor cavity and an external space are sealed through a mechanical movable sealing element 72. The gas conditioning unit 60 is used to supplement or discharge gas.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present circulation system, with arrows indicating the flow of gas; in the invention, the supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor and the supercritical carbon dioxide expander are arranged coaxially and in the same cylinder, the compressor impeller and the expander impeller are in a cantilever structure, the compressor impeller is close to the near end of a cantilever, the expander impeller is close to the far end of the cantilever, that is, the compressor and the expander are installed in the same cylinder block 70, and the compressor impeller and the expander impeller are installed at the same end of the same main shaft, the expander is installed outside the compressor, for the impeller of the expander, one side is the air outlet end of the expander, so that no dynamic seal is needed, and the other side is the impeller of the compressor, the impeller of the expansion machine and the impeller of the compressor are sealed by a common mechanical clearance sealing element, the sealing requirement is not high, even if a small amount of high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide leaks into the cavity of the compressor from the cavity of the expander, the normal work of the compressor cannot be influenced; therefore, the dynamic seal which has great design difficulty and prevents the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas of the expansion machine from leaking to the external space is eliminated; for external dynamic sealing of the expander and the compressor, only the mechanical dynamic sealing element on the compressor side is needed for sealing, and the carbon dioxide on the compressor side is low in temperature, so that the mechanical dynamic sealing element with mature technology is adopted for sealing, for example, a series dry gas sealing structure is adopted, the problem of high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic sealing is changed into the problem of low-temperature sealing, a great problem of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton circulation system is solved, and the implementation and application of the system are realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the mechanical gap seal 71 is a comb seal, and the mechanical dynamic seal 72 is a series dry gas seal. One end of the main shaft 80 is supported by a supporting device 81, the other end of the main shaft is fixedly provided with a shaft sleeve 82, the comb tooth sealing element is fixedly arranged in the cylinder body 70, and the shaft sleeve 82 is hermetically sleeved with the comb tooth sealing element. The tandem dry gas sealing structure is a container type structure formed by arranging medium side mechanical seal and atmosphere side dry gas seal in series front and back, the first-stage mechanical seal is a main seal, the second-stage dry gas seal is an auxiliary safety seal, the tandem dry gas sealing structure is a mature structure in the field and is not described in detail, and the tandem dry gas sealing structure is used for dynamic seal of a compressor and the outside and can meet the sealing requirement of the compressor; the broach is sealed also for the seal structure that uses always in compressor 10, sets up the broach of a mature technique between compressor cavity and expander cavity and seals, and as the dynamic seal of expander, can seal the most high-temperature gas in the expander cavity, even the high-temperature gas in a small amount of expander cavities leaks the admission that mixes into the compressor, gets into the compressor impeller, can not influence the normal operating of compressor yet, also can not bring harm for the environment simultaneously.
The supporting device 81 is a high-speed generator or a bearing seat, and the compressor 10 is located between the expander 30 and the supporting device 81.
The expander inlet end 32 is arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder block 70, the expander outlet end 33 is arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder block 70, and the compressor inlet end 12 and the compressor outlet end 13 are both arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder block. That is, the compressor 10 adopts the radial air intake and radial air exhaust mode, and the expander adopts the radial air intake and axial air exhaust mode, so that for the impeller of the expander, one side is the exhaust end of the expander, no dynamic seal is needed, the other side realizes the clearance seal between the mechanical clearance seal 71 and the impeller of the compressor, a small amount of high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide leaks to the chamber of the compressor from the chamber of the expander, the work of the compressor is not influenced, and the dynamic seal for preventing the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas of the expander from leaking to the outside with great design difficulty is cancelled.
The compressor impeller 11 and the expander impeller 31 are installed in the same direction or in opposite directions. As shown in fig. 2, the compressor impeller 11 and the expander impeller 31 are installed in the same direction, fig. 3 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction in the structure, arrows in fig. 3, 4 and 6 are directed to the gas flow direction, fig. 4 is a schematic view of a small amount of gas on the expander impeller side flowing into the compressor impeller side through a comb seal, as shown in fig. 5, the compressor impeller 11 and the expander impeller 31 are installed in a back-to-back manner, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of the gas flow direction in the structure, and both installation manners can achieve normal operation of the system.
It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system, includes compressor (10), heat source (20), expander (30) and cooler (40) that connect gradually and form gas circuit, just the high-temperature gas that expander (30) came out preheats compressor (10) gas before getting into heat source (20) through pre-heater (90), be equipped with gas conditioning unit (60) on the gas circuit, be equipped with governing valve (50) between gas conditioning unit (60) and the gas circuit, compressor (10) are including compressor wheel (11), expander (30) are including expander wheel (31), its characterized in that: the compressor (10) and the expander (30) are arranged in the same cylinder body (70), a compressor chamber and an expander chamber which are independent and closed are formed in the cylinder body (70), the compressor impeller (11) is arranged in the compressor chamber, the compressor chamber is provided with a compressor air inlet end (12) and a compressor air outlet end (13), the expander impeller (21) is arranged in the expander chamber, the expander chamber is provided with an expander air inlet end (32) and an expander air outlet end (33), the compressor impeller (11) and the expander impeller (31) are arranged on the same main shaft (80), the expander impeller (31) is arranged between the compressor impeller (11) and the expander air outlet end (33), one side of the compressor chamber and the expander chamber are sealed through a mechanical gap sealing element (71), the other side of the compressor chamber is sealed from the external space by a mechanical dynamic seal (72).
2. The supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the mechanical gap sealing element (71) is a comb tooth sealing element, and the mechanical dynamic sealing element (72) is a series dry gas sealing structure.
3. The supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 2, wherein: one end of the main shaft (80) is supported by a supporting device (81), the other end of the main shaft is fixedly provided with a shaft sleeve (82), the comb tooth sealing element is fixedly arranged in the cylinder body (70), and the shaft sleeve (82) is sleeved with the comb tooth sealing element in a sealing manner.
4. The supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 3, wherein: the supporting device (81) is a high-speed generator or a bearing seat, and the compressor (10) is positioned between the expander (30) and the supporting device (81).
5. The supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the expander inlet end (32) is arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder (70), the expander outlet end (33) is arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder (70), and the compressor inlet end (12) and the compressor outlet end (13) are both arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder.
6. The supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle system of claim 1, wherein: the compressor impeller (11) and the expander impeller (31) are installed in the same direction or in the opposite direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110949338.1A CN113606005A (en) | 2021-08-18 | 2021-08-18 | Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110949338.1A CN113606005A (en) | 2021-08-18 | 2021-08-18 | Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system |
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| CN113606005A true CN113606005A (en) | 2021-11-05 |
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| CN202110949338.1A Pending CN113606005A (en) | 2021-08-18 | 2021-08-18 | Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116122930A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-16 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and emergency shutdown protection method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-08-18 CN CN202110949338.1A patent/CN113606005A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116122930A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-16 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and emergency shutdown protection method thereof |
| CN116122930B (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2024-01-16 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and emergency shutdown protection method thereof |
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