CN113603315B - Sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics - Google Patents
Sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water environment treatment, and aims to provide a sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) Screening garbage; 2) Adding flocculant into the sludge after garbage screening to perform flocculation precipitation; the method for determining the flocculation precipitation Time comprises the steps of mixing a flocculating agent with sludge for flocculation precipitation reaction, recording reaction Time Time1 and sedimentation Height, drawing a sedimentation curve, drawing a straight line on the sedimentation curve and tangential to the sedimentation curve, and selecting the precipitation Time corresponding to the tangential point as the dehydration field process precipitation Time; 3) Using a filter press to carry out filter pressing dehydration; 4) And (5) tail water treatment. The key parameters of each process equipment are determined through scientific theoretical design calculation, so that the scientific and reasonable mechanical dehydration process flow of each item is ensured, the condition that the process facility equipment is selected blindly to construct a sludge dehydration production line is avoided, and finally, the production line cannot normally and efficiently run due to unreasonable parameter selection of each process link is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment treatment, and particularly relates to a sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics.
Background
With the rapid development of the economic society, environmental problems that are ignored in the process are increasingly highlighted. In order to ensure sustainable development, the work of treating black and odorous water bodies is urgent in recent years. The dredging engineering is an important content in the treatment of black and odorous water, and the high-efficiency dehydration of dredging sludge can greatly reduce the final treatment amount of the sludge and the influence on secondary environmental pollution.
Nowadays, the efficient dehydration method of sludge in industry mainly adopts mechanical dehydration. The mechanical dehydration process flow is as follows: garbage screening, flocculation precipitation, filter pressing dehydration and tail water treatment. The equipment used in the steps of screening, flocculating settling and pressure filtration is respectively a drum screen, a concentration tank and a pressure filter. When the mechanical dehydration mode is adopted for engineering practice, the conditions of low dehydration efficiency and poor dehydration effect often occur, so that the input and output economy of equipment facilities is poor. Through intensive analysis, the root cause of the phenomenon is found to be: the mechanical dehydration process links relate to a plurality of technical categories and wide range, equipment and facility parameters of the process links cannot be designed and determined by people, and only various types of equipment are blindly combined together to form a sludge dehydration production line, so that the production line cannot normally and efficiently run due to unreasonable parameter selection of the process links.
There are also a small number of enterprises in the industry which are engaged in water environment treatment for a long time, and the sludge dewatering technological parameters are reversely determined through engineering practical experience. However, due to the complex components and variety of the sludge, the practical experience of the previous engineering project is often not applicable to new engineering. Therefore, how to determine reasonable and accurate technological parameters aiming at different types of sludge and different sludge dewatering projects has important research and application significance for ensuring that the mechanical dewatering technological process can normally and efficiently run.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics for solving the technical problems. The process can determine the key process parameters of each process link, so that the reasonable sludge dewatering process and the efficient operation of the production line can be ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics, comprising the steps of:
1) Screening garbage;
2) Adding flocculant into the sludge after garbage screening to perform flocculation precipitation; the method for determining the flocculation precipitation Time comprises the steps of carrying out a flocculation reaction experiment, mixing a flocculating agent with sludge to carry out flocculation precipitation reaction, recording reaction Time Time1 and sedimentation Height, drawing a Height-Time sedimentation curve, drawing a 15-30-degree straight line on the Height-Time 1 sedimentation curve to be tangent to the sedimentation curve, and selecting the sedimentation Time corresponding to the tangent point as dehydration site process sedimentation Time t;
3) Using a filter press to carry out filter pressing dehydration;
4) And (5) tail water treatment.
Preferably, in step 3), the pressure difference of the filter press
Units: n/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A is the filtering area of the filter press, and the unit is: m is m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The determination method of b, SRF, u and C is as follows: taking the sludge precipitated in the step 2), carrying out a specific resistance measurement test, recording the filtration Time Time2 and the volume V of the filtrate, and measuring the dynamic viscosity u of the filtrate in units of: n.s/m 2 The dry weight C of the filter cake per unit volume of filtrate was determined in units of: kg/m 3 Drawing a linear graph of Time 2/V-V, and measuring the specific filtration resistance SRF, wherein the unit is: m/kg; b is the slope of the Time 2/V-V linear plot.
Preferably, step 1) uses a trommel for screening the waste, said trommel rotating at a speed of
Units: revolutions per s, where g is gravitational acceleration; r1 is the radius of the drum screen, and the unit is: m.
Preferably, the sludge in step 2) is flocculated in a thickening tank having a diameter of:
Preferably, v is 0.3 to 0.8mm/s.
Preferably, the sludge in the step 2) is flocculated and precipitated in a concentrating tank, the concentrating tank sequentially comprises a cylindrical tank body and a round truncated cone-shaped tank bottom from top to bottom, and the cylindrical tank body sequentially comprises an ultra-high section, a precipitating section and a buffer layer from top to bottom.
Preferably, the total height of the concentrating tank h=h1+3600vt+h3+ (R-R2) tan ω, units: m; wherein h1 is the height of the super high section; h3 is the buffer layer height; r is the concentrate tank radius, r=d/2; r2 is the radius of the lower bottom surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped tank bottom, and the unit is: m; v is the flow rate in the concentrating tank; t is the precipitation time t obtained in the step 2); omega is the included angle between the side length of the truncated cone and the plane.
Preferably, ω is 45 ° to 60 °.
Preferably, the process selection basis of the step 4) tail water treatment is as follows: measuring ammonia nitrogen, chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and suspended matters in supernatant fluid generated by a flocculation reaction test and filtrate generated by a specific resistance measurement test, and selecting air floatation when the ammonia nitrogen is more than 25mg/L or the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is more than 300 mg/L; when the suspended matter is more than 300mg/L, flocculation precipitation is selected.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
1) When the mechanical dehydration technology is adopted, the silt is screened by a drum screen, and stones, branches, garbage and the like in the silt are screened; after the screened sludge enters a concentration tank, adding a flocculating agent to perform flocculation precipitation, and primarily reducing the water content of the sludge; and finally, conveying the precipitated sludge into a filter press for deep dehydration to realize mud-water separation. In the flocculation precipitation step and the filter pressing dehydration step, the supernatant fluid and the dehydrated filtrate enter the tail water treatment process step in a tail water form.
2) In the screening step, the sludge enters the rotary screen and moves along with the rotary screen in a circular motionRealizing garbage screening under the action of centrifugal force. At the top end of the cylindrical screen, the centrifugal force of the sludge needs to overcome the dead weight of the sludge to realize effective garbage screening. Thus, centrifugal force = m (2 pi RS) 2 r1 > mg = dead weight, rotational speed of trommel
3) In the flocculation precipitation step, the sludge realizes medicament mixing, flocculation reaction and precipitation in a concentration tank. Both the flocculation reaction and the sedimentation of the sludge require a certain residence time, which makes it necessary for the thickening tank to have a certain volume and water flow path length. The design of the volume and the size of the concentration tank can lead the concentration tank to have more economic applicability, and the basis of the volume and the size calculation of the concentration tank is mainly flocculation precipitation time t. Experiments show that the Height-Time 1 sedimentation graph is generally arc-shaped, as shown in FIG. 1. With the development of time, the sedimentation Height change gradually slows down from early stage until the curve is flat. The flocculation precipitation of the concentrating tank only primarily reduces the water content of the sludge, and the precipitation efficiency is important to consider. Therefore, the 15-30-degree tangent line is drawn to be tangent with the curve, the time corresponding to the tangent point position is taken as flocculation sedimentation time t, so that the designed concentration tank can ensure the residence time in the high-efficiency sedimentation period, and the volume and the size of the concentration tank have economical efficiency.
4) The cross-sectional area of the concentrating tank is composed of two parts, namely the area f=qmax/v of the central water inlet pipe 0 And effective cross-sectional area of the precipitation section
Thus, the diameter of the concentration tank: />
Units: m.
5) The height h of the concentration tank consists of four parts, i.e. h=h1+h2+h3+h4. Wherein h1 is the height of the super-high section of the tank body, and the volume of the tank body is ensured to be certain margin; h2 is the effective water depth of the precipitation part h2=3600 vt; h3 is the height of the buffer layer and is the transition layer between the precipitation part and the mud precipitation area; h4 is the height h4= (R-R2) tan omega of the truncated cone (i.e. the truncated cone), and is mainly a mud settling area. Total height of the concentrating tank h=h1+h2+h3+h4=h1+3600vt+h3+ (R-R2) tan ω, units: m.
6) In the filter pressing dehydration link, the mud-water separation is realized mainly by adding a certain pressure difference to a filter medium in the early stage of filter pressing; after the filter pressing is carried out for a period of time, the mud cake is also used as a filter medium due to accumulation of the mud cake, so that larger resistance is brought to the filter pressing; when the filter pressing is carried out to the later stage, the filtration resistance of the mud cake is far greater than that of the filter medium. The specific filtration resistance of the sludge is an index representing the filtration resistance of the sludge in the filter-pressing process. The specific filtration resistance of the sludge is measured in a laboratory, so that the pressure difference required to be provided by the filter pressing equipment can be calculated according to the specific filtration resistance, and the model selection of the filter pressing equipment can be determined more scientifically.
7) Aiming at the supernatant fluid generated in the flocculation precipitation link and the dehydration tail water generated in the filter pressing dehydration link, the content of each key index in the tail water is different, and the tail water treatment process should be formulated in a targeted manner. And when the ammonia nitrogen and COD content is high, adopting an air floatation process to eliminate the eutrophication condition in the tail water. When the concentration of suspended matters is large, the flocculation precipitation principle is adopted to carry out solid-liquid separation. Each index limit value meets the national standard of water quality discharged into municipal pipe network.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The scientificity is strong: compared with the current state of the art in the industry: the invention scientifically determines flocculation reaction time and specific filtration resistance based on flocculation reaction test and specific resistance measurement test, and determines each key technological parameter such as rotary speed of a rotary screen, size of a concentration tank, pressure difference of a filter press and the like through scientific design calculation, thereby having extremely strong scientificity.
2) The practicability is strong: the key technological parameters selected in the invention, such as the rotating speed of the rotary screen, the size of the concentration tank, the pressure difference of the filter press and the like, are key indexes in the working principle of each process equipment, and have decisive influence on the efficiency and effect of the process equipment in the use process. The key parameters of each process equipment are determined, so that the method has practical significance for ensuring the normal and efficient operation of the production line.
3) Fills the technical blank: for the sludge mechanical dewatering technology, the industry simply selects process equipment to construct a production line, or determines process parameters by using the past engineering experience. The invention provides a process parameter determining method based on experiments and scientific calculation for the first time, and fills the technical blank of mechanical dehydration of sludge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of the Height-Time sedimentation curve of example 1.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of the Height-Time sedimentation curve of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a linear example of Time 2/V-V of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
Project dredging engineering quantity is about 88 ten thousand m for some water environment treatment engineering in Zhongshan city 3 Three production lines are to be established, and all sludge dewatering treatment is completed in a one-year period. The productivity of a single production line needs to reach 80m 3 /h。qmax＝0.022m 3 /s。
The invention provides a sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics aiming at the engineering, which comprises the following steps:
1) Screening garbage;
in the embodiment, the garbage is screened by using a rotary screen, the radius r1=0.75m of the rotary screen, and the rotating speed of the rotary screen
Rotation/s.
2) Adding flocculant into the sludge after garbage screening to perform flocculation precipitation; the river sludge is respectively mixed with four flocculating agents of polyacrylamide (CPAM and APAM), polyaluminium chloride PAC and polymeric ferric sulfate PFS for flocculation precipitation reaction, and a Height-Time sedimentation curve is drawn as shown in figure 1. The sedimentation curve shows that when CPAM is adopted in the sludge of the embodiment, the flocculation sedimentation height is higher, the time consumption is shorter, and the flocculation sedimentation reaction effect is optimal. And drawing a 30-degree straight line tangent to the CPAM sedimentation curve, and taking the sedimentation reaction time corresponding to the tangent point as t=1.5 h.
In this embodiment, the sludge is flocculated and precipitated in a thickening tank having a diameter of:
3) Using a filter press to carry out filter pressing dehydration; differential pressure in a filter press
Units: n/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A is the filtering area of the filter press, and the unit is: m is m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The determination method of b, SRF, u and C is as follows: taking the sludge precipitated in the step 2), carrying out a specific resistance measurement test, recording the filtration Time Time2 and the volume V of the filtrate, and measuring the dynamic viscosity u of the filtrate in units of: n.s/m 2 The dry weight C of the filter cake per unit volume of filtrate was determined in units of: kg/m 3 A linear plot of Time 2/V-V (as shown in FIG. 3) was drawn and the specific filtration resistance SRF, in units: m/kg; b is the slope of the Time 2/V-V linear plot. In this example, the linear graph slope b=0.28 is measured. The dynamic viscosity u=1.1 n·s/m of the filtrate was measured 2 The dry weight of the filter cake obtained per unit volume of filtrate c=800 kg/m was measured 3 Its specific filtration resistance srf=320, unit: m/kg. So the pressure difference p= (srf×uc)/(2 bA) 2 )＝320x1.1x800/2x0.28x20 2 ＝1257N/m 2 。
4) Tail water treatment: measuring ammonia nitrogen in supernatant fluid generated by flocculation reaction test and filtrate generated by specific resistance measurement test: 20mg/L, chemical oxygen demand COD:400mg/L, suspension: 400mg/L. The tail water treatment process is selected as follows: introducing tail water into a concentration tank for flocculation and precipitation again, and performing air floatation treatment.
After the process treatment, the production line runs smoothly, the sludge dewatering efficiency is improved from 60m3/h to 80m3/h, and the project construction period is saved for 63 days as a whole. Compared with the traditional method, the purchasing cost of equipment and the construction cost of the process pool are saved.
Example 2
The project dredging engineering quantity is about 17 ten thousand m < 3 >, a production line is to be established, and all sludge dewatering treatment is completed in a one-year construction period. The productivity of a single production line needs to reach 50m 3 /h。qmax＝0.014m 3 /s。
The invention provides a sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics aiming at the engineering, which comprises the following steps:
1) Screening garbage;
in the embodiment, the garbage is screened by using a rotary screen, the radius r1 of the rotary screen is 0.5m, and the rotating speed of the rotary screen is equal to that of the rotary screen
Rotation/s.
2) Adding flocculant into the sludge after garbage screening to perform flocculation precipitation; the river sludge is respectively mixed with four flocculating agents of polyacrylamide (CPAM and APAM), polyaluminium chloride PAC and polymeric ferric sulfate PFS for flocculation precipitation reaction, and a Height-Time sedimentation curve is drawn as shown in figure 1. The sedimentation curve shows that when PAC is adopted in the sludge of the embodiment, the flocculation sedimentation height is higher, the time consumption is shorter, and the flocculation sedimentation reaction effect is optimal. Drawing a 30-degree straight line tangent to the PAC falling curve, and taking the precipitation reaction time corresponding to the tangent point as t=1.67 h.
In this embodiment, the sludge is flocculated and precipitated in a thickening tank having a diameter of:
3) Using a filter press to carry out filter pressing dehydration; differential pressure in a filter press
Units: n/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A is the filtering area of the filter press, and the unit is: m is m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The determination method of b, SRF, u and C is as follows: taking the sludge precipitated in the step 2), carrying out a specific resistance measurement test, recording the filtration Time Time2 and the volume V of the filtrate, and measuring the dynamic viscosity u of the filtrate in units of: n.s/m 2 The dry weight C of the filter cake per unit volume of filtrate was determined in units of: kg/m 3 A linear plot of Time 2/V-V was drawn and the slope of the linear plot, b=0.32, was measured. The dynamic viscosity of the filtrate u=1.3n·s/m2 was measured, the dry weight of the filter cake per unit volume of filtrate c=700 kg/m3 was measured, and the specific filtration resistance srf=370, unit: m/kg. So the pressure difference p= (srf×uc)/(2 bA) 2 )＝370x1.3x700/2x0.32x20 2 ＝1315N/m 2 。
4) Tail water treatment: measuring ammonia nitrogen in supernatant fluid generated by flocculation reaction test and filtrate generated by specific resistance measurement test: 60mg/L, chemical oxygen demand COD:500mg/L, suspension: 200mg/L. The tail water treatment process is selected as follows: and (5) carrying out air floatation treatment on the tail water.
After the process treatment, the parameters of the process equipment and the volume of the process pool are calculated through forward and scientific design, so that the problems of low-load operation of the process equipment and oversized process pool are avoided. And an economically applicable production line is established according to the actual capacity requirement of the project, so that the one-time construction investment of the production line is greatly reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be comprehended by those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A sludge dewatering process based on flocculation reaction characteristics, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Screening garbage; wherein, utilize the trommel to carry out the rubbish screening, the trommel rotational speed is
Units: revolutions per s, where g is gravitational acceleration; r1 is the radius of the drum screen, and the unit is: m;
2) Adding flocculant into the sludge after garbage screening to perform flocculation precipitation; the method for determining the flocculation precipitation Time comprises the steps of carrying out a flocculation reaction experiment, mixing a flocculating agent with sludge to carry out flocculation precipitation reaction, recording reaction Time Time1 and sedimentation Height, drawing a Height-Time sedimentation curve, drawing a 15-30-degree straight line on the Height-Time 1 sedimentation curve to be tangent to the sedimentation curve, and selecting the sedimentation Time corresponding to the tangent point as dehydration site process sedimentation Time t; wherein, the silt is flocculated and precipitated in a concentration tank, and the diameter of the concentration tank is as follows:
3) Using a filter press to carry out filter pressing dehydration; differential pressure of the filter press
Units: n/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A is the filtering area of the filter press, and the unit is: m is m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The determination method of b, SRF, u and C is as follows: taking the sludge precipitated in the step 2), carrying out a specific resistance measurement test, recording the filtration Time Time2 and the volume V of the filtrate, and measuring the dynamic viscosity u of the filtrate in units of: n.s/m 2 The dry weight C of the filter cake per unit volume of filtrate was determined in units of: kg/m 3 Drawing a linear graph of Time 2/V-V, and measuring the specific filtration resistance SRF, wherein the unit is: m/kg; b is the slope of the Time 2/V-V linear graph;
4) And (5) tail water treatment.
2. A sludge dewatering process as claimed in claim 1, wherein v is 0.3 to 0.8mm/s.
3. The sludge dewatering process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sludge is flocculated and precipitated in the step 2) in a thickening tank, the thickening tank comprising a cylindrical tank body and a truncated cone-shaped tank bottom in this order from top to bottom, the cylindrical tank body comprising an ultra-high section, a sedimentation section and a buffer layer in this order from top to bottom.
4. A sludge dewatering process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the total height of the thickening tank, h = h1+360vt+h3+ (R-R2) tan ω, in units: m; wherein h1 is the height of the super high section; h3 is the buffer layer height; r is the concentrate tank radius, r=d/2; r2 is the radius of the lower bottom surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped tank bottom, and the unit is:
m; v is the flow rate in the concentrating tank; t is the precipitation time t obtained in the step 2); omega is the included angle between the side length of the truncated cone and the plane.
5. The sludge dewatering process as claimed in claim 4, wherein ω is 45 ° to 60 °.
6. The sludge dewatering process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4) of treating the tail water is based on: measuring ammonia nitrogen, chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and suspended matters in supernatant fluid generated by a flocculation reaction test and filtrate generated by a specific resistance measurement test, and selecting air floatation when the ammonia nitrogen is more than 25mg/L or the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is more than 300 mg/L; when the suspended matter is more than 300mg/L, flocculation precipitation is selected.
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