CN113594711A - Vertical polarization antenna and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a vertical polarization antenna and an electronic device. The vertically polarized antenna of the present application includes a radiating element having an opening and an excitation structure, the radiating element including a first bottom surface, a second bottom surface, and a first side surface connecting the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface; the excitation structure comprises a first conductive piece, a second conductive piece, a third conductive piece and a fourth conductive piece which are parallel to each other, the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece are coupled with each other, the second conductive piece is respectively connected with the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece, the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece are both connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, and the second conductive piece is connected with the feed source through a feed line penetrating through the first side surface. The excitation structure of vertical polarization antenna in this application is not subject to the thickness of circuit board, and can avoid signal loss, promotes antenna radiation efficiency.

Description

Vertical polarization antenna and electronic equipment

The present application claims priority from chinese patent application filed on 30/04/2020, having application number 202010367922.1 and entitled "vertically polarized antenna and electronics," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of antennas, and in particular, to a vertical polarization antenna and an electronic device.

Background

With the continuous development of communication technology, fifth generation mobile communication (abbreviated as 5G) is being widely researched and applied, wherein the size of an antenna operating in a millimeter wave (i.e. an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 1-10 mm) frequency band is in the millimeter level, and a design of a millimeter wave antenna is generally implemented by using manufacturing technologies such as packaging or a substrate, and the antenna under the design is correspondingly called a packaged antenna, and the packaged antenna is increasingly applied to wireless electronic devices.

Specifically, the packaged antenna may be disposed inside the electronic device through a circuit board or the like, and occupy a certain space inside the electronic device. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a packaged antenna, where, as shown in fig. 1, a packaged antenna includes 2 broadside radiation (broadside) directional antennas 102 and 2 end-fire radiation (end-fire) directional antennas 108, broadside radiation refers to radiation perpendicular to a direction of a circuit board 103, end-fire radiation refers to radiation parallel to the direction of the circuit board 103, and the antennas in the two radiation directions are respectively responsible for transmitting or receiving millimeter wave signals in different directions. The dual-polarized antenna radiation field shape is a basic requirement condition for 5G communication, and is very important for improving the signal stability of a weak signal area, so that each broadside radiation direction antenna and each end-fire radiation direction antenna need to respectively comprise two horizontal polarized antennas and two vertical polarized antennas which are orthogonal to each other, so as to achieve the dual-polarized antenna radiation field shape. In the conventional packaged antenna, if the vertical polarization antenna of the endfire radiation direction antenna is to be designed, on one hand, the type of the antenna with the overall height smaller than the thickness of the circuit board is to be selected, and on the other hand, an excitation structure capable of exciting the radiator to generate vertical polarization radiation is to be designed, the vertical polarization radiation must be generated by a resonance current in a direction perpendicular to the ground, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a package cross-sectional structure of the vertical polarization antenna of the endfire radiation direction antenna in the related art, as shown in fig. 2, the vertical polarization antenna includes a through hole 400 and a radiator, wherein the radiator includes an upper metal layer 402 and a lower metal layer 403, the through hole 400 connects the upper metal layer 402 and the lower metal layer 403, one end of a feeder 401 passes through the lower metal layer to connect with the through hole 400, the other end of the feeder 401 connects with a Radio Frequency (RF) port of a chip, and when the antenna is in operation, the via 400 serves as an excitation structure to generate a resonant current in a vertical direction, and the excitation radiator generates vertically polarized radiation.

In the design of the packaged antenna, the size of the excitation structure must be in equal proportion to the dielectric wavelength at the central frequency of the antenna operating frequency band, when the operating frequency band of the antenna is low and the corresponding dielectric wavelength is long, the length of the through hole shown in fig. 2 needs to be designed to be large, and the usable maximum length of the through hole is the thickness of the circuit board, so the size of the through hole is not enough to be used as the excitation structure in this case. Moreover, when the through hole is used as an excitation structure, the through hole is directly connected with the upper layer metal and the lower layer metal, and the length of the through hole is designed to be too large, so that impedance discontinuous matching distortion is caused, and signal loss is brought.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a vertical polarization antenna and electronic equipment, and the excitation structure of vertical polarization antenna is not subject to the thickness of circuit board, and can avoid signal loss, promotes antenna radiation efficiency.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a vertically polarized antenna for use in an electronic device, the vertically polarized antenna comprising a radiating element having an opening and an excitation structure, wherein the radiating element comprises a first bottom surface, a second bottom surface, and a first side surface connecting the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface; the excitation structure comprises a first conductive piece, a second conductive piece, a third conductive piece and a fourth conductive piece which are parallel to each other, the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece are coupled with each other, the second conductive piece is respectively connected with the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece, the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece are both connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, and the second conductive piece is connected with the feed source through a feed line penetrating through the first side surface.

Through the vertical polarization antenna that first aspect provided, through adopting coupling capacitance formula excitation structure, need not use perpendicular through-hole structure, can reach the excitation of vertical radiation, consequently vertical polarization antenna's design is not restricted to substrate thickness, and in addition, coupling capacitance formula excitation structure avoids with first bottom surface and second bottom surface lug connection, has effectively avoided signal loss, promotes antenna radiation efficiency.

In one possible design, the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member are located within the radiating element.

In one possible design, two ends of the third conductive member are connected to the side wall of the first bottom surface and the side wall of the second bottom surface, respectively, and two ends of the fourth conductive member are connected to the side wall of the first bottom surface and the side wall of the second bottom surface, respectively.

In one possible design, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are coupled to form a distributed coupling capacitor, and the second conductive member may be located above or below the first conductive member in a positional arrangement as long as the distributed coupling capacitor can be formed.

In a possible design, the first conductive member includes a first connection section and an extension section connected to the first connection section, the first connection section is connected to the first bottom surface, a connection position of the first connection section and the first bottom surface faces an opening direction of the radiating unit, and the extension section extends into the radiating unit.

In one possible design, the width of the first connecting section is smaller than or equal to the width of the first bottom surface.

In one possible design, the first connecting section and the extension section are perpendicular to each other.

In one possible embodiment, the first connecting section is connected to a side wall of the first base surface.

In one possible design, the second conductive member includes a second connection section and an access section connected to a central position of the second connection section and perpendicular to the second connection section, two ends of the second connection section are respectively connected to the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member, and the extension section and the second connection section have coupling surfaces to form a distributed coupling capacitor. The extension section and the second connecting section are provided with the coupling surfaces to form the distributed coupling capacitor, so that a coupling capacitor type excitation structure can be formed, and the excitation of vertical radiation can be achieved without using a vertical through hole structure, so that the design of the vertical polarization antenna is not limited by the thickness of the substrate.

In one possible design, the access section is connected to the feed via a feed line passing through the first side.

In one possible design, the size of the distributed coupling capacitance formed by the extension and the second connection segment is determined according to the reflection coefficient or return loss of the vertically polarized antenna. The size of the distributed coupling capacitor formed by the extension section and the second connection section can be adjusted according to the reflection coefficient or return loss of the antenna, so that matching of different antenna working frequency bands and working bandwidths can be realized.

In one possible design, the length and width of the second bottom surface are set according to the dielectric wavelength λ at the center frequency of the operating band of the vertically polarized antenna.

In one possible design, the length of the second bottom surface is 0.4 lambda-0.6 lambda, and the width of the second bottom surface is 0.15 lambda-0.35 lambda; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the length of the second bottom surface is 0.15 lambda-0.35 lambda, and the width of the second bottom surface is 0.4 lambda-0.6 lambda.

In one possible design, the length of the first bottom surface is equal to the length of the second bottom surface, and the width of the first bottom surface is equal to the width of the second bottom surface; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the length of the first bottom surface is equal to that of the second bottom surface, and the width of the first bottom surface is smaller than that of the second bottom surface.

In one possible design, the first side has an extended face. By providing the extension plane, the antenna gain can be increased.

In one possible design, the radiating element has a non-conductive medium inside.

In one possible design, a circuit board is also included.

In one possible design, the circuit board is a flexible circuit board or a printed circuit board.

In one possible design, the extension and the second electrically conductive member are in the same encapsulation layer or in different encapsulation layers.

In one possible design, the second bottom side is connected to a ground plane in the circuit board.

In one possible design, the first connecting section, the first bottom surface and portions of the first side surface are at the insulating layer.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an electronic device comprising a non-conductive housing and a vertically polarized antenna as described in the first aspect and in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a packaged antenna;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a package structure of a conventional vertical polarization antenna of an end-fire radiation direction antenna;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the internal structure of an electronic device;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertically polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a top view of a vertically polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a front view of a vertically polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of current paths of a vertically polarized antenna at different time points according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the current path and the electric field for generating vertical polarization shown in the left diagram of FIG. 8;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertically polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a top view of a vertically polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a side view of a vertically polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a front view of a vertically polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an operating frequency band of the vertical polarization antenna of the present embodiment;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of peak antenna gain in the operating frequency band of the vertical polarization antenna of the present embodiment;

fig. 16 is a radiation pattern of the XOY plane of the vertically polarized antenna of the present embodiment;

fig. 17 is a radiation pattern of the YOZ plane of the vertically polarized antenna of the present embodiment;

fig. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a packaged vertical polarization antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a packaged vertical polarization antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement position when the number of vertically polarized antennas provided in the present application is 2;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement position when the number of vertically polarized antennas provided in the present application is 3;

fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position of one of the vertically polarized antennas on a screen of an electronic device when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided in the present application is 4;

fig. 23 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position of 4 vertical polarization antennas on the back of an electronic device when the number of vertical polarization antennas provided in the present application is 5;

fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of positions of 2 vertical polarization antennas arranged on a screen of an electronic device when the number of the vertical polarization antennas provided in the present application is 6;

fig. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position of 5 vertical polarization antennas on a back surface of an electronic device when the number of vertical polarization antennas provided in the present application is 7;

fig. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position of 6 vertical polarization antennas on the back of an electronic device when the number of vertical polarization antennas provided in the present application is 8.

Description of reference numerals:

2-a shell; 3, a rear camera; 5-sound outlet hole; 6-a circuit board; 10-a radiating element; 13-a third conductive member; 14-a fourth conductive member; 15-a feed line; 20-an excitation structure; 40-a circuit board; 50-an insulating layer; 60-chip; 101-a vertically polarized antenna; 102-broadside radiating direction antenna; 103-a circuit board; 104-a first bottom surface; 105-a second bottom surface; 106-a first side; 107-extension plane; 111-a first connection segment; 112-an extension; 100-a mobile terminal; 110-RF circuitry; 120-a memory; 130-other input devices; 140-a display screen; 141-a display panel; 142-a touch panel; 150-a sensor; 160-an audio circuit; 161-a loudspeaker; 162-a microphone; 170-I/O subsystem; 171-other input device controllers; 172-a sensor controller; 173-display controller; 180-a processor; 190-a power supply; 200-an antenna; 121-a second connection segment; 122-access segment; 201-a first electrically conductive member; 202-a second electrically conductive member; 301-chip routing layer; 302-solder ball contact and air layer; 303-a carrier layer; 304-a glass layer; 305-an epoxy layer; 400-a through hole; 401-a feed line; 402-upper metal layer; 403-lower metal layer.

Detailed Description

The antenna is mainly applied to wireless communication of electronic equipment, is generally located between a signal transceiver and an electromagnetic wave propagation space, and realizes effective energy transfer and information transmission between the signal transceiver and the electromagnetic wave propagation space through the electromagnetic wave, so that the antenna can be regarded as a sensor for interconversion between radio frequency signals and the electromagnetic wave. The antenna can be arranged and applied in the electronic equipment. The electronic device to which the antenna is applied may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a point of sale (POS), a vehicle-mounted computer, and the like.

The present application provides a vertically polarized antenna, which is a vertically polarized antenna among dual polarized antennas of an end-fire radiation direction antenna, applicable to electronic devices, the electronic device may operate in the millimeter wave band, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a packaged antenna, as shown in fig. 1, one packaged antenna includes 2 broadside radiating direction antennas 102 and 2 end-fire radiating direction antennas 108, wherein, each end-fire radiation direction antenna 108 includes two orthogonal horizontal polarization antennas and vertical polarization antennas, when a millimeter wave transceiver chip in the electronic device is connected to one end-fire radiation direction antenna, specifically, one of the radio frequency ports of the millimeter wave transceiver chip is connected to a feed point of the horizontally polarized antenna, and the other radio frequency port of the millimeter wave transceiver chip is connected to a feed point of the vertically polarized antenna.

In the design of the vertical polarization antenna of the existing end-fire radiation direction antenna, a through hole is adopted as an excitation structure to generate a vertical resonance circuit, and an excitation radiator generates vertical polarization radiation, but the size of the through hole is limited by the thickness of a circuit board. In order to solve the problem, the application provides a vertical polarization antenna and an electronic device, through adopting a coupling capacitance type excitation structure, the excitation of vertical radiation can be achieved without using a vertical through hole structure, therefore, the excitation structure is not limited by the thickness of a circuit board, in addition, the coupling capacitance type excitation structure is prevented from being directly connected with a first bottom surface and a second bottom surface, the signal loss is effectively avoided, the impedance mismatching loss of a through hole and a plane microstrip line (microstrip line) switching surface (transition) is effectively avoided, and the antenna radiation efficiency is improved. The antenna and the electronic device provided by the application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device provided in the present embodiment includes a housing 2 and a vertically polarized antenna 1, where the housing 2 is a non-conductor. Specifically, the electronic device in the present embodiment may include other components and structures, in addition to the housing 2 and the vertically polarized antenna 1, and these components and structures are partially or entirely disposed in the housing 2. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the internal structure of the electronic device, and as shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 100 includes components such as RF circuitry 110, memory 120, other input devices 130, a display 140, sensors 150, audio circuitry 160, an I/O subsystem 170, a processor 180, and a power supply 190, in addition to the housing 2 and antenna 200. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the electronic device configuration shown in fig. 4 does not constitute a limitation of the electronic device of the present application, and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some components may be combined, or some components may be split, or a different arrangement of components.

To facilitate understanding of the overall structure of the electronic device, the following describes the components of the electronic device 100 in detail with reference to fig. 4:

the RF circuit 110 may be used for receiving and transmitting signals during information transmission and reception or during a call, and in particular, receives downlink information of a base station and then processes the received downlink information to the processor 180; in addition, the data for designing uplink is transmitted to the base station. Typically, the RF circuitry 110 will be coupled to an antenna to communicate with the network and other devices using the antenna. The RF circuit 110 includes, but is not limited to, at least one Amplifier, transceiver, coupler, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), duplexer, and the like.

The memory 120 may be used to store software programs and modules, and the processor 180 executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device 100 by operating the software programs and modules stored in the memory 120. The memory 120 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the electronic apparatus 100, and the like. Further, the memory 120 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.

In order to make the electronic equipment perform interactive operations such as display and input. Other input devices 130, display screen 140, sensor 150, audio circuitry 160, speaker 161, microphone 162, etc., are included in the electronic device. Among other things, other input devices 130 may be used to receive entered numeric or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of electronic device 100. The other input devices 130 are connected to other input device controllers 171 of the I/O subsystem 170 and are in signal communication with the processor 180 under the control of the other input device controllers 171. The display screen 140 may be used to display information input by or provided to the user as well as various menus of the electronic device 100, and may also accept user input. The display screen 140 may include a display panel 141, a touch panel 142, and the like. In addition, the electronic device 100 includes a sensor 150 that can recognize and sense the information of the environmental parameters around the mobile phone, and specifically, the sensor 150 may include a light sensor, a motion sensor, a gyroscope, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, an infrared sensor, and the like.

The I/O subsystem 170 is used to control input and output peripherals, and the display controller 173 in the I/O subsystem 170 receives signals from the display screen 140 and/or sends signals to the display screen 140. After the display screen 140 detects the user input, the display controller 173 converts the detected user input into an interaction with the user interface object displayed on the display screen 140, i.e., realizes a human-machine interaction. The sensor controller 172 may receive signals from one or more sensors 150 and/or transmit signals to one or more sensors 150.

The processor 180 is a control center of the electronic device 100, connects various parts of the entire mobile phone using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions of the electronic device 100 and processes data by operating or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 120 and calling data stored in the memory 120, thereby performing overall monitoring of the mobile phone. Alternatively, processor 180 may include one or more processing units.

In addition, the electronic device 100 further includes a power source 190 (such as a battery) for supplying power to the various components, and other components or structures, which are not described in detail herein.

To accomplish the transceiving and transmission of wireless signals, the electronic device 100 includes an antenna 200 therein. In this embodiment, the antenna 200 may be an antenna in a millimeter wave band, that is, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave during antenna communication is in the order of millimeters. In an implementation manner, the antenna 200 includes at least one end-fire radiation direction antenna, and one end-fire radiation direction antenna includes two horizontal polarization antennas and a vertical polarization antenna 101 that are orthogonal to each other, and optionally, the antenna 200 may further include at least one broadside radiation direction antenna, and the end-fire radiation direction antenna and the broadside radiation direction antenna are respectively responsible for transmitting or receiving millimeter wave signals in different directions.

In another implementable manner, the antenna 200 includes at least one vertically polarized antenna 101.

Example one

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertically polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a top view of the vertically polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 is a front view of the vertically polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5-7, the vertically polarized antenna provided in the present invention includes a radiating element 10 having an opening, and an excitation structure 20, wherein the radiating element 10 includes a first bottom surface 104, a second bottom surface, and a first side surface 106 connecting the first bottom surface 104 and the second bottom surface 105, the excitation structure 20 includes a first conductive member 201, a second conductive member 202, and a third conductive member 13 and a fourth conductive member 14 which are parallel to each other, the first conductive member 201 and the second conductive member 202 are coupled to each other to form a distributed coupling capacitance, the second conductive member 202 is connected to the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14, the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14 are connected to the first bottom surface 104 and the second bottom surface 105, as a practical manner, the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14 may be perpendicular to the first bottom surface 104 and the second bottom surface 105. The second conductive member 202 is connected to the feed by a feed line 15 passing through the first side 106.

The feeder line can be a microstrip line, the microstrip line is a microwave transmission line formed by a single conductor strip supported on a dielectric substrate, and the microstrip line is a planar transmission line suitable for manufacturing a microwave integrated circuit, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight, wide use frequency band, high reliability, low manufacturing cost and the like compared with a metal waveguide. It will be appreciated that the feed line 15 may be made of metal or other conductive material. The feed source may be a radio frequency port of the chip.

It is understood that the connection in this embodiment refers to an electrical connection.

In this embodiment, as an implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5, the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14 are located in the radiation unit 10, specifically, two ends of the third conductive member 13 are respectively connected to the first bottom surface 104 and the second bottom surface 105, and two ends of the fourth conductive member 14 are respectively connected to the first bottom surface 104 and the second bottom surface 105.

The first conductive member 201 and the second conductive member 202 are coupled to each other to form a distributed coupling capacitor, and the second conductive member 202 may be located above or below the first conductive member 201 in terms of position.

Illustratively, the entire housing 2 may be a non-conductive housing. In this case, the material of the housing 2 may be plastic, glass, ceramic or fiber material, or may be non-conductive housing material known to those skilled in the art, and is not limited herein.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the first conductive member 201 includes a first connection section 111 and an extension section 112 connected to the first connection section 111, the first connection section 111 is connected to the first bottom surface 104, and a connection portion of the first connection section 111 and the first bottom surface 104 faces an opening direction of the radiation unit 10, alternatively, the first connection section 111 may be connected to a side wall of the first bottom surface 104, and the extension section 112 extends into the radiation unit 10. In the setting of the size of the first connection section 111, the width of the first connection section 111 may be less than or equal to the width of the first bottom surface 104.

In an implementation manner, the first connecting section 111 and the extending section 112 are perpendicular to each other to form an L-shape, or may not be perpendicular to each other.

The second conductive member 202 includes a second connection section 121 and an access section 122 connected to a central position of the second connection section 121 and perpendicular to the second connection section 121, both ends of the second connection section 121 are respectively connected to the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14, the second connection section may be perpendicularly connected to the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14, and the extension section 112 and the second connection section 121 have coupling surfaces to form a distributed coupling capacitor. The access section is connected to the feed via a feeder line through the first side 106.

In an implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5, the second conductive member 202 may be a T-shaped structure that is fed in a planar manner, and the second connection section 121 and the access section 122 form a T-shaped structure.

The size of the distributed coupling capacitance formed by the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 is determined according to the reflection coefficient or return loss of the vertically polarized antenna, that is, the size of the distributed coupling capacitance formed by the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 can be adjusted according to the reflection coefficient or return loss of the antenna, for example, the return loss is adjusted to be less than-10 db, so as to complete the matching of the operating frequency band and the bandwidth of the antenna. Specifically, the area of the coupling surface of the extension section 112 and the second connection section 121 and the distance between the extension section 112 and the second connection section 121 may be adjusted. For example, the length and width of the extension segment 112 and the length of the second connection segment 121 shown in fig. 6 are adjusted, and the distance between the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 is adjusted, it is understood that the distance between the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 is inversely proportional to the coupling area between the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121. The size of the distributed coupling capacitor formed by the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 can be adjusted according to the antenna reflection coefficient or return loss, so that matching of different antenna operating frequency bands and operating bandwidths can be realized.

In this embodiment, the length and width of the second bottom surface 105 may be set according to the medium wavelength λ at the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the vertically polarized antenna, and in an implementable manner, the length of the second bottom surface 105 may be set to 0.4 λ -0.6 λ, and the width of the second bottom surface 105 may be set to 0.15 λ -0.35 λ, or the length of the second bottom surface 105 may be set to 0.15 λ -0.35 λ, and the width of the second bottom surface 105 may be set to 0.4 λ -0.6 λ.

In an embodiment, the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface may be dimensioned such that: the length of the first bottom surface 104 is equal to the length of the second bottom surface 105, and the width of the first bottom surface 104 is equal to the width of the second bottom surface 105, and may be: the length of the first bottom surface 104 is equal to the length of the second bottom surface 105, and the width of the first bottom surface 104 is smaller than the width of the second bottom surface 105.

In this embodiment, optionally, the first side surface 106 has an extension surface, the maximum size of the extension surface may be the same as the package size, and the larger the area of the extension surface, the larger the gain of the antenna. Therefore, by providing the extension surface, the antenna gain can be increased.

In the present embodiment, the radiation unit 10 has a non-conductive medium therein, and the non-conductive medium may be an air medium, or may be other mediums, such as different materials like resin, ceramic, etc. The dielectric layer 4 can be made of any suitable material as required by those skilled in the art, and is not limited herein.

Next, a principle of the vertically polarized antenna generating the vertically polarized radiation provided by this embodiment is described with reference to fig. 8 and fig. 9, where fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of current paths of the vertically polarized antenna provided by this embodiment at different time points, and when the antenna is operated, as shown in fig. 8, a current shown in the left diagram of fig. 8 starts from the center of the second bottom surface 105 (i.e., the ground plane) of the radiating element 10, and a current on two sides reaches the center point of the first bottom surface 101 of the radiating element 10 to form a current reversal point, a current shown in the right diagram of fig. 8 starts from the center of the first bottom surface 101 of the radiating element 10, and a current on two sides reaches the center point of the second bottom surface 105 of the radiating element 10 to form a current reversal point, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the current path shown in the left diagram of fig. 8 and an electric field generating the vertical polarization, as shown in fig. 9, the current path is a loop path, and a loop resonance current generating the vertical ground, the vertical polarization electric field is formed on the XOZ surface, the excitation radiation unit 10 generates vertical polarization radiation, and the process of generating the vertical polarization electric field in the right diagram of fig. 8 is similar. Therefore, the vertical polarization antenna provided by the embodiment can generate vertical polarization radiation, and can achieve excitation of vertical radiation without using a vertical through hole structure by adopting a coupling capacitance type excitation structure, so that the design of the vertical polarization antenna is not limited by the thickness of the substrate, in addition, the coupling capacitance type excitation structure is prevented from being directly connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, signal loss is effectively avoided, impedance mismatching loss of a through hole and a plane microstrip line (microstrip line) transition surface (transition) is effectively avoided, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.

In an implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5, the third conductive element 13 and the fourth conductive element 14 may be two sides of a slot of the antenna, respectively, and the third conductive element 13 and the fourth conductive element 14 may also be two sides of a resonant cavity (resonant antenna), respectively, that is, in an embodiment, the second connection segment 121 of the planar fed T-shaped structure (i.e., the second conductive element 202) may be connected to two sides of the slot of the antenna, and in another embodiment, the second connection segment 121 of the planar fed T-shaped structure (i.e., the second conductive element 202) may be connected to two sides of the resonant cavity (resonant antenna). In both embodiments, a loop current path can be manufactured to generate a loop resonance current perpendicular to the ground, and the excitation radiation unit generates vertical polarization radiation to achieve the purpose of exciting the vertical polarization radiation.

The vertically polarized antenna provided by the embodiment can be applied to electronic equipment, and comprises a radiating unit with an opening and an excitation structure, wherein the radiating unit comprises a first bottom surface, a second bottom surface and a first side surface connecting the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, the excitation structure comprises a first conductive piece, a second conductive piece, a third conductive piece and a fourth conductive piece which are parallel to each other, the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece are coupled with each other, the second conductive piece is respectively connected with the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece, the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece are both connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, and the second conductive piece is connected with a feed source through a feed line penetrating through the first side surface. By adopting the coupling capacitance type excitation structure, the excitation of vertical radiation can be achieved without using a vertical through hole structure, so that the design of the vertical polarization antenna is not limited by the thickness of the substrate, in addition, the coupling capacitance type excitation structure is prevented from being directly connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, the signal loss is effectively avoided, the impedance mismatching loss of the through hole and a plane microstrip line (microstrip line) transition surface (transition) is effectively avoided, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.

Example two

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertically polarized antenna provided in this embodiment, fig. 11 is a top view of the vertically polarized antenna provided in this embodiment, fig. 12 is a side view of the vertically polarized antenna provided in this embodiment, and fig. 13 is a front view of the vertically polarized antenna provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 10-13, the difference between the vertically polarized antenna provided in this embodiment and the vertically polarized antenna shown in the first embodiment is that two ends of a third conductive member 13 in the vertically polarized antenna provided in this embodiment are respectively connected to a side wall of a first bottom surface 104 and a side wall of a second bottom surface 105, and two ends of a fourth conductive member 14 are respectively connected to a side wall of the first bottom surface 104 and a side wall of the second bottom surface 105. The widths CL3 of the third and fourth conductive members 13 and 14 are less than the length CL of the second bottom surface 105, the lengths of the third and fourth conductive members 13 and 14 are both CH (i.e., the width of the first side surface), the width FL1 of the first connection section 111 is the same as the width CW of the second bottom surface 105, and optionally, FL1 may be less than CW, the width FL2 of the second connection section 121 is the same as the width CW of the second bottom surface 105, and the first side surface has extension surfaces 107 on both sides, and other portions are similar to the embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the size of the distributed coupling capacitance formed by the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 is determined according to the reflection coefficient or return loss of the vertically polarized antenna, that is, the size of the distributed coupling capacitance formed by the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 can be adjusted according to the reflection coefficient or return loss of the antenna, for example, the return loss is adjusted to be less than-10 db, so as to complete the matching of the operating frequency band and the bandwidth of the antenna. Specifically, the area of the coupling surface of the extension section 112 and the second connection section 121 and the distance between the extension section 112 and the second connection section 121 may be adjusted. For example, the length CL1 and the width FL1 of the extension segment 112 shown in fig. 10 are adjusted and the length CL2 of the second connection segment 121 is adjusted, and the distance F of the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 shown in fig. 13 is adjusted. The size of the distributed coupling capacitor formed by the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 can be adjusted according to the antenna reflection coefficient or return loss, so that matching of different antenna operating frequency bands and operating bandwidths can be realized.

The vertically polarized antenna provided by the embodiment can be applied to electronic equipment, and comprises a radiating unit with an opening and an excitation structure, wherein the radiating unit comprises a first bottom surface, a second bottom surface and a first side surface connecting the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, the excitation structure comprises a first conductive piece, a second conductive piece, a third conductive piece and a fourth conductive piece which are parallel to each other, the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece are coupled with each other, the second conductive piece is respectively connected with the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece, the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece are both connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, and the second conductive piece is connected with a feed source through a feed line penetrating through the first side surface. By adopting the coupling capacitance type excitation structure, the excitation of vertical radiation can be achieved without using a vertical through hole structure, so that the design of the vertical polarization antenna is not limited by the thickness of the substrate, in addition, the coupling capacitance type excitation structure is prevented from being directly connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, the signal loss is effectively avoided, the impedance mismatching loss of the through hole and a plane microstrip line (microstrip line) transition surface (transition) is effectively avoided, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.

EXAMPLE III

In this embodiment, taking an operating frequency band of the vertically polarized antenna as an example of 26.5GHz-29GHz, where the bandwidth percentage is 9%, in the vertically polarized antenna shown in fig. 10, the first bottom surface 104 and the second bottom surface 105 of the radiation unit 10 are the same, the length CL is 1.25mm, the width CW is 3mm, the height CH of the first side surface 106 is 1.4mm, the length CL3 of the third conductive member 13 and the fourth conductive member 14 is 1mm, the width of the first connection segment 111 is equal to CW, the length CL2 is 0.7mm, the width of the second connection segment 121 is equal to CW, the length FW2 is 0.4mm, the distance F between the extension segment 112 and the second connection segment 121 is 0.03mm, and the length FL1 of the access segment 122 is 0.27 mm. As shown in fig. 10, a folded cavity with length CL, width CW and height CH can be used as a resonant cavity for a vertically polarized antenna.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the operating frequency band of the vertical polarization antenna of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the abscissa is frequency, the ordinate is return loss (return loss), the operating frequency band of the vertical polarization antenna is 26.5GHz-29GHz, the operating bandwidth is about 2.5GHz, the return loss corresponding to the operating frequency of 26.5GHz is-10 dB, and the return loss corresponding to the operating frequency of 29GHz is-10 dB. Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of Peak antenna Gain (Peak Gain) in the operating frequency band of the vertical polarization antenna in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 15, the abscissa is frequency, the ordinate is Peak antenna Gain, the Peak antenna Gain corresponding to the operating frequency of 26.5GHz is 2.3dB, the Peak antenna Gain corresponding to the operating frequency of 28GHz is 4.4dB, and the Peak antenna Gain corresponding to the operating frequency of 29GHz is 3.49dB, so that the range of the Peak antenna Gain of the vertical polarization antenna in this embodiment is 2.3dB to 4.4 dB.

Fig. 16 is a radiation pattern of the XOY plane of the vertical polarization antenna of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 16, the operating frequencies from left to right are 26.5GHz, 27.5GHz, and 28.5GHz, respectively, and each radiation pattern includes a Theta polarization field and a Phi polarization field, where the Theta polarization is vertical polarization radiation in the XOY plane, and the Phi is horizontal polarization radiation. It is evident that the polarization gain for horizontally polarized radiation is less than-10 dB, while the polarization gain for vertically polarized radiation is greater than 2dB in the direction of the peak.

Fig. 17 is a radiation pattern of the YOZ plane of the vertical polarization antenna of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, the operating frequencies from left to right are 26.5GHz, 27.5GHz, and 28.5GHz, respectively, and each radiation pattern includes a Theta polarization pattern and a Phi polarization pattern, where the Theta polarization is vertical polarization radiation in the YOZ plane, and the Phi is horizontal polarization radiation. It is evident that the polarization gains for horizontally polarized radiation are all less than-10 dB, while the polarization gain for vertically polarized radiation is greater than 2dB and less than 4dB in the direction of the peak. Therefore, the vertical polarization antenna of the present embodiment has a good vertical polarization radiation effect.

Example four

The structure of the vertical polarization antenna package provided by the present application on a circuit board is described below with reference to fig. 18 and 19,

fig. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a packaged vertical polarization antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 18, the packaged vertical polarization antenna includes a vertical polarization antenna 101 and a circuit board 40 shown in the foregoing embodiment, and the circuit board may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) or a Flexible circuit board (FPC) in different forms. Referring to fig. 18, in the vertically polarized antenna 101 of the present application, the extension segment 112 and the second conductive element (including the second connection segment 121 and the access segment 122) are in the same package layer, alternatively, the extension segment 112 and the second conductive element may be in different package layers, and the second conductive element and the chip 60 may be in the same package layer, and the extension segment 112 is in another package layer. In this embodiment, the access section 122 is connected to a feed on the chip 60 (which may be a radio frequency port of the chip) by a feed line 15 passing through the first side 106 of the radiating element 10.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the second bottom surface 105 is connected to a ground plate in the circuit board 40.

Optionally, the first connecting segment 111, the first bottom surface 104 and the portion of the first side surface 106 are located on the insulating layer 50, and the insulating layer 50 may be a glass layer.

Fig. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a packaged vertical polarization antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 19, in this embodiment, a package layer where the extension segment 112, the second conductive element (including the second connection segment 121 and the access segment 122) and the chip are located in the vertical polarization antenna 101 is the chip routing layer 301 in fig. 19, a material of the chip routing layer 301 may be a polymer (pp) material, and the chip is packaged on the chip routing layer 301. The circuit board may include solder ball contacts and air layers 302 and a carrier layer 303, and the insulating layer may include a glass layer 304 and an epoxy layer 305. Alternatively, the third and fourth conductive members and the first side (XOZ surface) may be via walls, which are structures commonly used in packaging for antenna, transmission line, or filter designs, by using dense ground vias arranged as walls, approximating a continuous isolation wall.

In the above embodiments, the vertically polarized Antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application may be a Slot Antenna (Slot Antenna), a Cavity Antenna (Cavity Antenna), a Slot Antenna with a cylindrical Cavity (Slot Antenna with a cylindrical Cavity), a Folded Cavity Antenna (Folded Cavity), a Loop Antenna (Loop Antenna), or the like, and the type of the vertically polarized Antenna is not limited in this embodiment.

The manufacturing method of the vertical polarization antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application may be Low-temperature ceramic co-fired (LTCC) or integrated fan-out (also called integrated fan-out package, InFo), and may also be a manufacturing method of other conventional terminal antennas, such as Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) or Laser-engraved (LDS) antenna.

In the electronic device shown in fig. 3, it is shown that the vertically polarized antenna 101 is disposed at the position of the electronic device when one is provided, or the end-fire radiation direction antenna composed of the vertically polarized antenna 101 and the horizontally polarized antenna is disposed at the position of the electronic device when one is provided, and with regard to the disposition of the vertically polarized antenna 101 in the electronic device in the present application, it may be disposed at a position avoiding the electronic device held by the user, and disposed at a position other than the position avoiding the electronic device held by the user, the position of the electronic device held by the user is generally the back of the lower half of the electronic device, for example, the vertically polarized antenna 101 or the end-fire radiation direction antenna composed of the vertically polarized antenna 101 and the horizontally polarized antenna is disposed at the upper right side of the back of the electronic device or at the lower right side of the screen, and several kinds of dispositions of the vertically polarized antenna 101 or the end-fire radiation direction antenna composed of the vertically polarized antenna 101 and the horizontally polarized antenna provided in the present application are shown in conjunction with fig. 20-26 The position schematic diagram will be described below with reference to the installation position of the vertical polarization antenna 101, and the installation positions of the end-fire radiation direction antennas formed by the vertical polarization antenna 101 and the horizontal polarization antenna are similar.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 2, fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement positions when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided by the present application is 2, as shown in fig. 20, 2 vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to the circuit board 6 and arranged on the back surface of the electronic device, and the circuit board is further provided with the rear camera 3.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 3, fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the setting positions when the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 3, as shown in fig. 21, 3 vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to the circuit board 6 and are arranged on the back surface of the electronic device, and the circuit board is further provided with the rear camera 3.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 4, fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a position of one of the vertically polarized antennas on the screen of the electronic device when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided by the present application is 4, as shown in fig. 21 and 22, 3 vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to the circuit board 6 and are disposed on the back surface of the electronic device, and the circuit board is further provided with the rear camera 3. The 1 vertical polarization antenna 101 is attached to the circuit board 6 and disposed on a screen surface of the electronic device, specifically, the housing 2 of the electronic device has a screen surface, and the screen surface is provided with a display screen, a sound outlet 5 and other components. During use, the screen side of the electronic device will face the user. In this case, the vertically polarized antenna 101 may also be located on the same side of the housing 2 as the display screen 140, and implement signal transceiving and communication.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 5, fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of positions of 4 vertically polarized antennas arranged on the back of the electronic device when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided by the present application is 5, as shown in fig. 23, 4 vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to a circuit board 6 and arranged on the back of the electronic device, and a rear camera 3 is further arranged on the circuit board. Still another 1 vertically polarized antenna may be disposed on the screen side of the electronic device, specifically at the same position as shown in fig. 22.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 6, 4 of the vertically polarized antennas can be disposed on the back surface of the electronic device, and the specific positions are the same as those shown in fig. 23, fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of positions of 2 of the vertically polarized antennas disposed on the screen surface of the electronic device when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided by the present application is 6, and as shown in fig. 24, 2 of the vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to the circuit board 6 and disposed on the screen surface of the electronic device.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 7, 5 of the vertically polarized antennas can be disposed on the back of the electronic device, fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the 5 vertically polarized antennas on the back of the electronic device when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided by the present application is 7, as shown in fig. 25, the 5 vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to the circuit board 6 and disposed on the back of the electronic device, and the circuit board is further provided with the rear camera 3. 2 of them can be arranged on the screen surface of the electronic device, and the positions are the same as those shown in fig. 24.

When the number of the vertically polarized antennas is 8, 6 of the vertically polarized antennas can be disposed on the back of the electronic device, fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the 6 vertically polarized antennas on the back of the electronic device when the number of the vertically polarized antennas provided by the present application is 8, as shown in fig. 26, the 6 vertically polarized antennas 101 are attached to the circuit board 6 and disposed on the back of the electronic device, and the circuit board is further provided with the rear camera 3. 2 of them can be arranged on the screen surface of the electronic device, and the positions are the same as those shown in fig. 24.

It should be noted that the arrangement positions shown in fig. 20 to 26 are merely examples, and do not limit the position where the vertically polarized antenna of the present application is arranged in the electronic device.

Claims (22)

1. A vertically polarized antenna for use in an electronic device, characterized in that the vertically polarized antenna comprises a radiating element having an opening and an excitation structure, wherein,

the radiating unit comprises a first bottom surface, a second bottom surface and a first side surface connecting the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface;

the excitation structure comprises a first conductive piece, a second conductive piece, a third conductive piece and a fourth conductive piece which are parallel to each other, the first conductive piece and the second conductive piece are coupled with each other, the second conductive piece is respectively connected with the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece, the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece are both connected with the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface, and the second conductive piece is connected with a feed source through a feed line penetrating through the first side surface.

2. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member are located within the radiating element.

3. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein two ends of the third conductive member are connected to the side wall of the first bottom surface and the side wall of the second bottom surface, respectively, and two ends of the fourth conductive member are connected to the side wall of the first bottom surface and the side wall of the second bottom surface, respectively.

4. The vertically polarized antenna of any of claims 1-3, wherein the second conductive member is located above or below the first conductive member.

5. The vertically polarized antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the first conductive member comprises a first connection section and an extension section connected to the first connection section;

the first connecting section is connected with the first bottom surface, the connecting position of the first connecting section and the first bottom surface faces the opening direction of the radiation unit, and the extending section extends into the radiation unit.

6. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 5, wherein the width of the first connection segment is less than or equal to the width of the first bottom surface.

7. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 5, wherein the first connection segment and the extension segment are perpendicular to each other.

8. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 5, wherein the first connection segment is connected to a sidewall of the first bottom surface.

9. The vertically polarized antenna of any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the second conductive member comprises a second connection section and an access section connected to a central position of the second connection section and perpendicular to the second connection section;

and two ends of the second connecting section are respectively connected with the third conductive piece and the fourth conductive piece, and the extending section and the second connecting section are provided with coupling surfaces to form a distributed coupling capacitor.

10. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 9, wherein the access segment is connected to a feed via a feed line passing through the first side.

11. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 9, wherein the size of the distributed coupling capacitance formed by the extension segment and the second connection segment is determined according to a reflection coefficient or return loss of the vertically polarized antenna.

12. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the length and width of the second bottom surface are set according to a dielectric wavelength λ at a center frequency of an operating band of the vertically polarized antenna.

13. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 12, wherein the length of the second bottom surface is 0.4 λ -0.6 λ, and the width of the second bottom surface is 0.15 λ -0.35 λ; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the length of the second bottom surface is 0.15 lambda-0.35 lambda, and the width of the second bottom surface is 0.4 lambda-0.6 lambda.

14. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the length of the first bottom surface is equal to the length of the second bottom surface, and the width of the first bottom surface is equal to the width of the second bottom surface; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the length of the first bottom surface is equal to that of the second bottom surface, and the width of the first bottom surface is smaller than that of the second bottom surface.

15. The vertically polarized antenna of any of claims 1-14, wherein the first side has an extended face.

16. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element has a non-conductive medium therein.

17. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 11, further comprising a circuit board.

18. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 17, wherein the circuit board is a flexible circuit board or a printed circuit board.

19. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 17 or 18, wherein the extension and the second conductive member are in the same package layer or different package layers.

20. The vertically polarized antenna of any of claims 17-19, wherein the second bottom surface is connected to a ground plane in the circuit board.

21. The vertically polarized antenna of claim 17, wherein portions of the first connection segment, the first bottom surface, and the first side surface are at an insulating layer.

22. An electronic device comprising a non-conductive housing and a vertically polarized antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21.

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