CN113589014A - Square wave response device of resistance-capacitance voltage divider, square wave response optimization method and system - Google Patents

Square wave response device of resistance-capacitance voltage divider, square wave response optimization method and system Download PDF

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CN113589014A
CN113589014A CN202110338118.5A CN202110338118A CN113589014A CN 113589014 A CN113589014 A CN 113589014A CN 202110338118 A CN202110338118 A CN 202110338118A CN 113589014 A CN113589014 A CN 113589014A
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square wave
voltage
resistance
capacitance
low
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CN113589014B (en
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胡康敏
李文婷
龙兆芝
范佳威
刘少波
周峰
余也凤
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/16Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using capacitive devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a square wave response device of a resistance-capacitance voltage divider, a square wave response optimization method and a system, comprising the following steps: the square wave generator is triggered to generate a square wave signal according to the direct-current voltage output by the direct-current source meter and a control signal sent by the signal generator, the square wave signal is input to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal is displayed by using an oscilloscope; when the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider based on the voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider to enable the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider to be equal to the capacitance voltage division ratio of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm; and adjusting the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on an impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to that of the shielded cable, thereby realizing square wave response optimization. The invention solves the defect of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider in the square wave response test optimization research aspect.

Description

Square wave response device of resistance-capacitance voltage divider, square wave response optimization method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tests of high-voltage dividers, in particular to a square wave response device, a square wave response optimization method and a square wave response optimization system of a resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
Background
In an electric power system, the operation overvoltage and the lightning overvoltage can damage operation equipment of a power transmission line and a transformer substation, and accurate measurement of the overvoltage of the power transmission line and the transformer substation has important significance for safe and stable operation of the power transmission line. The impulse voltage divider commonly used at present includes a resistor divider, a capacitor divider and a resistor-capacitor divider. Both resistive and capacitive voltage dividers are affected by stray capacitance to ground, causing errors in the measurement. The resistance-capacitance voltage divider can weaken the influence on the stray capacitance of the ground, so that the measurement result is more accurate. The resistance-capacitance voltage divider not only can accurately measure the operation overvoltage and the lightning overvoltage, but also can measure the power frequency voltage, and the coverage range of the test voltage types is wide.
The square wave response test of the impact voltage divider is used for checking the dynamic characteristic of the impact voltage divider, and the quality of square wave response directly influences the measurement accuracy of the voltage divider. The overshoot and the response time of the square wave response in the dynamic test of the impulse voltage divider are important indexes for measuring the waveform quality of the square wave response. At present, all test objects of square wave response of the impulse voltage divider are a resistor voltage divider and a capacitor voltage divider, the invention and research aiming at square wave response test of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider are not available, and the quality of the square wave response of the resistor-capacitor voltage divider needs to be verified and optimized urgently.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a square wave response optimization method for the rc voltage divider.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a square wave response device of a resistance-capacitance voltage divider, a square wave response optimization method and a square wave response optimization system, and aims to solve the problem of how to optimize square wave response of the square wave response device.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a square wave response apparatus of a resistive-capacitive voltage divider, the apparatus including:
the direct current source meter is connected with the square wave generator and used for outputting direct current voltage to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider;
the signal generator is connected with the square wave generator and used for outputting a preset control signal to the square wave generator so as to trigger the square wave generator to generate a square wave signal;
the square wave generator is connected with the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and used for generating a square wave signal according to the direct current voltage and a preset control signal;
the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is connected with the oscilloscope through a shielding cable, is used for dividing the voltage of the square wave signal and transmits the voltage to the oscilloscope through the shielding cable;
and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal.
Preferably, a shielding shell is arranged outside the PCB where the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is located, the PCB where the low-voltage arm is located is connected with the high-voltage arm through a screw, and the PCB where the low-voltage arm is located can be directly screwed down from the connecting screw (3) when the parameters of the low-voltage arm are adjusted.
Preferably, wherein the apparatus further comprises: the equalizing ring is respectively arranged on a high-voltage arm and a low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and used for reducing the influence of stray capacitance.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a square wave response optimization method for a square wave response device based on the above resistive-capacitive voltage divider, the method comprising:
the square wave generator is triggered to generate a square wave signal according to the direct-current voltage output by the direct-current source meter and a control signal sent by the signal generator, the square wave signal is input to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal is displayed by using an oscilloscope;
when the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider based on the voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider to enable the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider to be equal to the capacitance voltage division ratio of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm;
and adjusting the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on an impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to that of the shielded cable, thereby realizing square wave response optimization.
Preferably, the principle of partial pressure ratio adaptation includes:
Figure BDA0002998405660000021
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; and K is the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
Preferably, wherein the method further comprises:
the method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002998405660000031
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
Preferably, wherein the method further comprises: after the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable,
if the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform still does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the square wave response overshoot by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and
and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value which enables the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to realize square wave response optimization.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a square wave response optimization system of a square wave response device based on the resistive-capacitive voltage divider as described above, the system comprising:
the square wave response unit is used for triggering the square wave generator to generate a square wave signal according to the direct-current voltage output by the direct-current source meter and a control signal sent by the signal generator, inputting the square wave signal into the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and displaying a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal by using the oscilloscope;
the first optimization unit is used for adjusting the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider based on the voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider when the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, so that the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm are equal to each other;
and the second optimization unit is used for adjusting the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on the impedance matching principle to enable the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm to be equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable, so that square wave response optimization is realized.
Preferably, the principle of partial pressure ratio adaptation includes:
Figure BDA0002998405660000041
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; and K is the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
Preferably, wherein the system further comprises: a wave impedance measuring unit of a shielded cable for:
the method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002998405660000042
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
Preferably, wherein the system further comprises: a third optimizing unit for:
after the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable,
if the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform still does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the square wave response overshoot by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and
and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value which enables the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to realize square wave response optimization.
The invention provides a square wave response device of a resistance-capacitance type voltage divider, which designs a low-voltage arm structure which is convenient to disassemble and assemble and has a good shielding effect, and a high-low voltage arm equalizing ring of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider is installed to reduce the influence of stray capacitance. In addition, the invention also provides a square wave response optimization method and a square wave response optimization system, which can adjust the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the voltage divider based on the principle of voltage division ratio adaptation of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, so that the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider are equal, and the stray capacitance of the high-voltage arm to the ground participating in voltage division can be obtained through Ansoft electrostatic field simulation; the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm can be adjusted based on the impedance matching principle, so that the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the measuring cable; the square wave response of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider can be optimized by trimming the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm and changing the included angle between the high-voltage lead and the ground, and the defect of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider in the existing impulse voltage divider in the aspect of square wave response test optimization research is solved.
Drawings
A more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be had by reference to the following drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a square wave response apparatus 100 of a RC voltage divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a resistor-capacitor divider square wave response apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a low pressure arm configuration for easy disassembly and assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a square wave response optimization method 400 according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic diagrams of an output waveform before and after optimization of a square wave response, respectively, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a square wave response optimization system 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a square wave response apparatus 100 of a rc voltage divider according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the square wave response device of the rc voltage divider provided by the invention designs a low-voltage arm structure which is convenient to disassemble and assemble and has a good shielding effect, and a high-low voltage arm equalizing ring of the rc voltage divider is installed to reduce the influence of stray capacitance. The square wave response device 100 of the rc voltage divider provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a direct current source meter 101, a signal generator 102, a square wave generator 103, a resistance-capacitance voltage divider 104 and an oscilloscope 105.
Preferably, the dc source meter 101 is connected to the square wave generator, and is configured to output a dc voltage to the rc voltage divider.
Preferably, the signal generator 102 is connected to the square wave generator, and is configured to output a preset control signal to the square wave generator to trigger the square wave generator to generate a square wave signal.
Preferably, the square wave generator 103 is connected to a resistor-capacitor voltage divider, and is configured to generate a square wave signal according to the dc voltage and a preset control signal.
Preferably, the rc voltage divider 104 is connected to the oscilloscope through a shielded cable, and is configured to divide the voltage of the square wave signal and transmit the divided signal to the oscilloscope through the shielded cable.
Preferably, a shielding shell is arranged outside the PCB where the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is located, the PCB where the low-voltage arm is located is connected with the high-voltage arm through a screw, and the PCB where the low-voltage arm is located can be directly screwed down from the connecting screw (3) when the parameters of the low-voltage arm are adjusted.
Preferably, wherein the apparatus further comprises: the equalizing ring is respectively arranged on a high-voltage arm and a low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and used for reducing the influence of stray capacitance.
Preferably, the oscilloscope 105 is configured to display a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal.
As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus for responding to square wave of rc voltage divider according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a high-voltage conversion part (comprising a square wave generator, a direct current source meter, a signal generator, a high-voltage lead wire, a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a damping resistor), a signal transmission part (comprising a shielding cable and a matching resistor), and a measurement part (comprising a digital oscilloscope).
Wherein, as shown in fig. 3, a shielding shell (2) is installed around the low-voltage arm PCB (1), the low-voltage arm PCB (1) is connected with the high-voltage arm (4) through the connecting screw (3), and the low-voltage arm PCB can be directly screwed down from the connecting screw (3) when the parameters of the low-voltage arm are adjusted, so that the disassembly and the installation are convenient, and the optimization speed is improved. In addition, equalizing rings are respectively arranged on a high-voltage arm and a low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and used for reducing stray capacitance influence.
The square wave generator adopts a falling edge triggering mode, the direct current source meter outputs direct current voltage to the square wave generator, the signal generator triggers the square wave generator to generate square waves by given square wave signals, the signals are divided by the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider, the signals pass through the shielding cable and the square wave response waveform is displayed by the digital oscilloscope. The square wave generator adopts a falling edge triggering mode to avoid the influence of the self-stability time of a rising edge square wave source on the square wave response waveform, so that the square wave response is a straight curve after being stabilized. If the quality of the overshoot or settling time index is poor, or the overshoot and settling time needs to be optimized, optimization of square wave response can be carried out.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a square wave response optimization method 400 according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4, the square wave response optimization method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can adjust the resistance and capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the voltage divider based on the principle of adapting the voltage dividing ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, so that the voltage dividing ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage dividing ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm are equal, and the stray capacitance of the high-voltage arm to the ground involved in voltage dividing can be obtained through Ansoft electrostatic field simulation; the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm can be adjusted based on the impedance matching principle, so that the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the measuring cable; the square wave response of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider can be optimized by trimming the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm and changing the included angle between the high-voltage lead and the ground, and the defect of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider in the existing impulse voltage divider in the aspect of square wave response test optimization research is solved. In the square wave response optimization method 400 of the square wave response device based on the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, which is provided by the embodiment of the present invention, starting from step 401, the square wave generator triggers to generate a square wave signal according to the dc voltage output by the dc source meter and the control signal sent by the signal generator in step 401, and inputs the square wave signal to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and displays the square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal by using an oscilloscope.
In step 402, when the overshoot or the settling time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider are adjusted based on the voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, so that the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider are equal to the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the low-voltage arm.
Preferably, the principle of partial pressure ratio adaptation includes:
Figure BDA0002998405660000081
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; and K is the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
In step 403, the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle, so that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to that of the shielded cable, and square wave response optimization is realized.
Preferably, wherein the method further comprises:
the method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002998405660000082
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
In the invention, when square wave response is carried out, if the index quality of overshoot or stabilization time is poor, or the overshoot and stabilization time needs to be optimized, on the basis of installing a grading ring on a high-low voltage arm of a resistance-capacitance voltage divider, firstly, the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the voltage divider are adjusted based on the principle of adapting the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, so that the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-low voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is equal to the capacitance division ratio of the high-low voltage arm. The high-voltage arm ground stray electric capacitance participating in voltage division can be obtained through Ansoft electrostatic field simulation. The principle of partial pressure ratio adaptation comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002998405660000083
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; and K is the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
And then, adjusting the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on an impedance matching principle to enable the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm to be equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable. Wherein the wave impedance of the shielded cable is measured by an impedance analyzer using an open-short circuit method. The method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002998405660000091
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
After the adjustment of the above steps is completed, step 401 may be performed again to determine an optimization result.
Preferably, wherein the method further comprises: after the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable,
if the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform still does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the square wave response overshoot by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and
and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value which enables the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to realize square wave response optimization.
In the present invention, if the optimization result indicates that the overshoot or settling time has not yet reached the target requirement after the steps 401 and 403, or the quality of the parameter of the overshoot and settling time needs to be further optimized, the optimization is continued, which includes: the low arm resistance and capacitance are first trimmed. Then, changing an included angle alpha between the high-voltage lead and the ground, repeating the step 401, searching for the included angle of the high-voltage lead which enables the quality of the square wave response waveform parameters to be optimal, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal included angle value of the high-voltage lead to achieve excellent square wave response.
The square wave response overshoot is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value enabling the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to achieve square wave response optimization.
Fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic diagrams of an output waveform before and after optimization of a square wave response according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively. As shown in fig. 5(a), U1 is the output of the rc divider before the square wave response is optimized; as shown in fig. 5(b), U2 is the output of the rc divider with square wave response optimized; beta is the square wave response overshoot of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider; TN is the settling time of the square wave response waveform.
The specific optimization method comprises the following steps: firstly, designing a low-pressure arm structure which is convenient to disassemble and assemble and has a good shielding effect; and secondly, a high-low voltage arm equalizing ring of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is installed, so that the influence of stray capacitance is reduced. Further, the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the voltage divider are adjusted based on the principle of voltage dividing ratio adaptation of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider, so that the voltage dividing ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage dividing ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider are equal to each other, and the high-voltage arm ground stray capacitance participating in voltage dividing can be obtained through Ansoft electrostatic field simulation. Further, the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle, so that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the measuring cable in magnitude, and the wave impedance of the measuring cable is measured by an impedance analyzer by adopting an open-short circuit method. And further, the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm are finely adjusted, and the parameter quality of the overshoot and the stabilization time is further optimized. And finally, changing an included angle alpha between the high-voltage lead and the ground, and searching the size of the included angle when the waveform parameter quality is the best. The optimization method of the invention utilizes the conventional laboratory test equipment, and based on the principle of voltage divider work and measurement error, can quickly adjust the parameters of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider, realizes better optimization of the quality of square wave response parameters of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider, and solves the defect of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider in the current impact voltage divider in the aspect of square wave response test optimization research.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a square wave response optimization system 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the square wave response optimization system 600 of the square wave response apparatus based on the resistive-capacitive voltage divider according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a square wave response unit 601, a first optimization unit 602 and a second optimization unit 603.
Preferably, the square wave response unit 601 is configured to enable the square wave generator to trigger generation of a square wave signal according to a dc voltage output by the dc source meter and a control signal sent by the signal generator, and input the square wave signal to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and display a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal by using an oscilloscope.
Preferably, the first optimizing unit 602 is configured to, when the overshoot or the settling time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjust the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider based on a voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider, so that the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance type voltage divider is equal to the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm.
Preferably, the principle of partial pressure ratio adaptation includes:
Figure BDA0002998405660000111
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; and K is the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
Preferably, the second optimization unit 603 is configured to adjust the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on an impedance matching principle, so that the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable, and square wave response optimization is achieved.
Preferably, wherein the system further comprises: a wave impedance measuring unit of a shielded cable for:
the method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002998405660000112
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
Preferably, wherein the system further comprises: a third optimizing unit for:
after the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable,
if the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform still does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the square wave response overshoot by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and
and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value which enables the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to realize square wave response optimization.
The square wave response optimization system 600 according to the embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the square wave response optimization method 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and is not described herein again.
The invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments. However, other embodiments of the invention than the one disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from the appended patent claims.
Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the [ device, component, etc ]" are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of said device, component, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (11)

1. A square wave response apparatus of a resistive-capacitive voltage divider, the apparatus comprising:
the direct current source meter is connected with the square wave generator and used for outputting direct current voltage to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider;
the signal generator is connected with the square wave generator and used for outputting a preset control signal to the square wave generator so as to trigger the square wave generator to generate a square wave signal;
the square wave generator is connected with the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and used for generating a square wave signal according to the direct current voltage and a preset control signal;
the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is connected with the oscilloscope through a shielding cable, is used for dividing the voltage of the square wave signal and transmits the voltage to the oscilloscope through the shielding cable;
and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein a shielding shell is arranged outside the PCB where the low-voltage arm of the RC voltage divider is located, the PCB where the low-voltage arm is located is connected with the high-voltage arm through a screw, and the PCB where the low-voltage arm is located can be directly screwed down from the connecting screw (3) when the parameters of the low-voltage arm are adjusted.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: the equalizing ring is respectively arranged on a high-voltage arm and a low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and used for reducing the influence of stray capacitance.
4. A method for square wave response optimization of a square wave response arrangement based on a resistive-capacitive voltage divider according to any of claims 1-3, the method comprising:
the square wave generator is triggered to generate a square wave signal according to the direct-current voltage output by the direct-current source meter and a control signal sent by the signal generator, the square wave signal is input to the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal is displayed by using an oscilloscope;
when the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider based on the voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider to enable the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider to be equal to the capacitance voltage division ratio of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm;
and adjusting the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on an impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to that of the shielded cable, thereby realizing square wave response optimization.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the voltage division ratio adaptation principle comprises:
Figure FDA0002998405650000021
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; k is a resistive-capacitive typeThe partial pressure ratio of the pressure vessel.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
the method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002998405650000022
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
7. The method of claim 4, further comprising: after the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable,
if the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform still does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the square wave response overshoot by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and
and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value which enables the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to realize square wave response optimization.
8. A square wave response optimization system for a square wave response arrangement based on a resistive-capacitive voltage divider according to any of claims 1-3, the system comprising:
the square wave response unit is used for triggering the square wave generator to generate a square wave signal according to the direct-current voltage output by the direct-current source meter and a control signal sent by the signal generator, inputting the square wave signal into the resistance-capacitance voltage divider, and displaying a square wave response waveform corresponding to the divided square wave signal by using the oscilloscope;
the first optimization unit is used for adjusting the resistance and the capacitance of the low-voltage arm of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider based on the voltage division ratio adaptation principle of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider when the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, so that the voltage division ratio of the resistance of the high-voltage arm and the voltage division ratio of the capacitance of the high-voltage arm and the low-voltage arm are equal to each other;
and the second optimization unit is used for adjusting the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm based on the impedance matching principle to enable the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm to be equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable, so that square wave response optimization is realized.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the voltage division ratio adaptation principle comprises:
Figure FDA0002998405650000031
wherein R is1And R2Respectively a high-voltage arm resistance and a low-voltage arm resistance, C1And C2Respectively a high-voltage arm capacitor and a low-voltage arm capacitor, RmFor damping resistance between a resistance-capacitance voltage divider and a square-wave generator, CpStray capacitance to ground for the high voltage arm; and K is the voltage division ratio of the resistance-capacitance voltage divider.
10. The system of claim 8, further comprising: a wave impedance measuring unit of a shielded cable for:
the method for measuring the wave impedance of a shielded cable by an impedance analyzer by using an open-short method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002998405650000032
wherein R iskTo shield the wave impedance of the cable; l is the measurement inductance when the shielded cable terminal is short-circuited, and C is the measurement capacitance when the shielded cable terminal is open-circuited.
11. The system of claim 8, further comprising: a third optimizing unit for:
after the resistance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is adjusted based on the impedance matching principle to ensure that the wave impedance of the output port of the low-voltage arm is equal to the wave impedance of the shielded cable,
if the overshoot or the stabilization time of the oscilloscope displaying the square wave response waveform still does not meet the preset square wave response requirement, adjusting the square wave response overshoot by increasing or decreasing the number of the low-voltage arm resistors; the square wave response stabilization time is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of low-voltage arm patch capacitors; the capacitance value is finely adjusted by adopting a patch capacitor with the capacitance value smaller than a preset capacitance value until the square wave response stable time reaches the minimum, so that the square wave response stable time parameter reaches the optimum value; and
and changing the included angle between a high-voltage lead between the resistance-capacitance voltage divider and the square wave generator and the ground according to a preset included angle increasing step length, repeatedly outputting the square wave response waveform until a high-voltage lead included angle value which enables the quality of parameters of the square wave response waveform to be optimal is determined, and adjusting the included angle of the high-voltage lead according to the optimal high-voltage lead included angle value to realize square wave response optimization.
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