CN113566859B - Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance - Google Patents
Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance Download PDFInfo
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- CN113566859B CN113566859B CN202110704271.5A CN202110704271A CN113566859B CN 113566859 B CN113566859 B CN 113566859B CN 202110704271 A CN202110704271 A CN 202110704271A CN 113566859 B CN113566859 B CN 113566859B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004861 thermometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance, which comprises a laser, wherein laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams, one beam is modulated into pulse light, then enters a sensing optical fiber after passing through a first isolator, a wavelength division multiplexer and a second coupler in sequence, the other beam is modulated by a second modulator in a double-sideband mode and filtered out of a low-frequency sideband, a high-frequency sideband enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end through a third coupler to amplify the pulse light, the back Stokes light and anti-Stokes light generated by Raman scattering of the pulse light in the sensing optical fiber are respectively output to a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector through the second coupler and the wavelength division multiplexer, and pump laser signals output by the first pump laser and the second pump laser are oppositely input into the sensing optical fiber to amplify the anti-Stokes light. The invention can improve the sensing distance of the Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of distributed optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance.
Background
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system continuously measures the temperature along the sensing optical fiber by utilizing an optical time domain reflection technology through collecting Raman anti-Stokes scattered light which is sensitive to temperature signals in the sensing optical fiber. The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system has the advantages of corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance, light weight and the like, and can be suitable for various complex environments. Therefore, the Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system is widely applied to the safety monitoring field of buildings such as tunnels, coal mines, bridges and the like.
Since the intensity of the raman anti-stokes scattering signal is 50-60 dB weaker than the incident light intensity, and as the sensing distance increases, the raman anti-stokes signal also decreases. Currently, the effective sensing distance of a distributed fiber optic sensing system is 30 km. Therefore, in order to realize ultra-long distance distributed temperature measurement, it is necessary to invent a novel distributed optical fiber raman sensing device and method for improving the effective sensing distance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the sensing distance of a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing system in the prior art is limited by a signal to noise ratio, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device and a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing method capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance comprises a laser, a first pump laser and a second pump laser, wherein laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams after passing through a first coupler, one beam is modulated into pulse light through the first coupler, then enters a sensing optical fiber after passing through a first isolator, a wavelength division multiplexer and a second coupler in sequence, the other beam is subjected to double-sideband modulation through the second modulator, then low-frequency sidebands are filtered through a filter, high-frequency sidebands enter the sensing optical fiber from the other end through a third coupler to amplify pulse light, back Stokes light and anti-Stokes light generated by Raman scattering of the pulse light in the sensing optical fiber are output through the second coupler and returned to a wavelength division multiplexer, then pump laser signals output by the first pump laser are respectively output to the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector after passing through the third coupler, and pump laser signals output by the second pump laser enter the sensing optical fiber from the other end to amplify anti-Stokes light after passing through the second coupler to amplify the anti-Stokes light.
The center wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, the center wavelengths of the first pump laser and the second pump laser are 1350nm, and the modulation frequency of the second modulator is 10.8GHz.
The laser, the first pump laser and the second pump laser are distributed feedback semiconductor lasers.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance further comprises a second isolator, wherein the second isolator is arranged between the third coupler and the sensing optical fiber.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance further comprises a first arbitrary waveform generator and a second arbitrary waveform generator, wherein the first arbitrary waveform generator and the second arbitrary waveform generator are respectively used for driving the first modulator and the second modulator.
The Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance further comprises a data acquisition card, and signal output ends of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected with the data acquisition card.
The temperature demodulation formula of the Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing the ultra-long sensing distance is as follows:
；
wherein T represents the temperature of the measurement location, F (T) represents the ratio of the anti-Stokes scattering signal intensity to the Stokes scattering signal intensity of the measurement location, F (T) 0 ) Indicating a temperature T in the calibration stage 0 The ratio of anti-stokes scatter signal intensity to stokes scatter signal intensity at the location of (2), k is the boltzmann constant, gamma is the raman shift, and h is the planck constant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the laser with the wavelength of 1550nm is modulated by utilizing the sine signal to carry out double-sideband modulation through the acousto-optic modulator, so that the 1549.91nm laser passing through the filter provides amplification gain for the pulse laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, which is transmitted by the sensing optical fiber, and the Raman anti-Stokes laser signal is enhanced; in addition, the laser light of 1350nm generated by the two pump lasers provides forward and backward amplification gain for scattered light of 1450nm of Raman backward anti-Stokes respectively, so that the strength of Raman anti-Stokes signals in the sensing optical fiber is greatly enhanced, and finally, the detailed information of a temperature change area of the sensing optical fiber can be demodulated through the Raman anti-Stokes signals, so that the sensing distance can reach 100 km.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing a sensing distance of 100 km according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1: laser, 2: first coupler, 3: a first arbitrary waveform generator, 4: first electro-optic modulator, 5: first isolator, 6: wavelength division multiplexer, 7: first photodetector, 8: second photodetector, 9: acquisition card, 10: a second arbitrary waveform generator, 11: second electro-optic modulator, 12: filter, 13: first pump laser, 14: third coupler, 15: second isolator, 16: second pump laser, 17: and a second coupler.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing an ultra-long sensing distance, which comprises a laser 1, a first pump laser 13 and a second pump laser 16, wherein laser emitted by the laser 1 is divided into two beams by a first coupler 2, one beam is modulated into pulse light by the first modulator 4 and then enters a sensing optical fiber 18 after passing through a first isolator 5, a wavelength division multiplexer 6 and a second coupler 17 in sequence, the other beam enters a sensing optical fiber 18 after being subjected to double-sideband modulation by the second modulator 11, low-frequency sidebands are filtered by a filter 12, high-frequency sidebands enter the sensing optical fiber 18 from the other end after passing through a third coupler 14 and a second optical isolator 15, pulse light is output by the second coupler 17 and returns to the wavelength division multiplexer 6, the first pump laser enters a second pump optical fiber 13 after being subjected to raman scattering, and the second pump optical fiber 13 enters the sensing optical fiber 18 to be amplified.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the output end of the laser 1 is connected to the a port of the first coupler 2, and the b port and the c port of the first coupler 2 are connected to the second arbitrary waveform generator 11 and the first arbitrary waveform generator 4, respectively. Wherein the a port, the b port and the c port of the first coupler are positioned at the output end. The port a of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 is connected with the output end of the first isolator 5, the port b is connected with the port a of the second coupler 17, and the port c and the port d are respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8; the b port of the second coupler 17 is connected to the second pump laser 16, the c port is connected to one end of the sensing fiber 18, wherein the a port and the b port of the second coupler 17 are input ends, and the c port is located at the output end. The a-port and the b-port of the third coupler 14 are connected to the output of the filter 12 and the first pump laser 13, respectively, and the c-port is connected to the input of the second optical isolator 15, wherein the a-port and the b-port of the third coupler 14 are located at the input, and the c-port is located at the output.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the center wavelength of the laser 1 is 1550nm, the center wavelengths of the first pump laser 13 and the second pump laser 16 are 1350nm, and the modulation frequency of the second modulator 11 is 10.8GHz. Further, the laser 1, the first pump laser 13 and the second pump laser 15 are distributed feedback semiconductor lasers. Specifically, the port wavelengths of the wavelength division multiplexer are respectively: a. the b-port wavelength is 1550nm, the c-port wavelength is 1450nm, and the d-port wavelength is 1650nm.
Specifically, the sensing device of the present embodiment further includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 3 and a second arbitrary waveform generator 10, and the first arbitrary waveform generator 3 and the second arbitrary waveform generator 10 are used to drive the first modulator 4 and the second modulator 11, respectively.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the optical fiber further includes a data acquisition card 9, and signal output ends of the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8 are connected with the data acquisition card 9. The data acquisition card 9 can acquire the back stokes light and anti-stokes light signals in the sensing optical fiber in real time.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the 1550nm laser emitted by the laser 1 is divided into two beams by the first optical fiber coupler 2, one beam of laser enters the first electro-optical modulator 4, and the first arbitrary waveform generator 3 carries out pulse modulation on a laser signal to generate pulse laser. The pulse laser enters the wavelength division multiplexer 6 after passing through the first isolator 5, enters the sensing optical fiber through the third optical fiber coupler 17, the other beam of laser enters the second electro-optical modulator 11, the random waveform generator 10 is used for generating a 10.8GHz sine signal, the second electro-optical modulator 11 is used for carrying out double-sideband modulation on the laser signal, so that a 1550nm incident signal generates Brillouin frequency shift, the peak of the original 1550nm disappears to form a double peak of 1549.91nm and 1550.09nm, the low-frequency sideband with the wavelength of 1550.09nm is filtered after passing through the filter 12, the high-frequency optical signal with the wavelength of 1549.91nm enters the sensing optical fiber from the other end after passing through the second optical fiber coupler 14 and the second isolator 15, and the pulse optical signal with the wavelength of 1550nm in the sensing optical fiber 18 generates amplification gain. The gain principle is as follows: when 1549.91nm laser and 1550nm pulse laser are transmitted in the sensing optical fiber, the 1549.91nm laser energy with higher intensity is transferred to 1550nm pulse laser due to the stimulated Brillouin effect, and the 1550nm pulse laser is amplified in gain. The 1550nm pulse light signal generates Raman scattering in the sensing optical fiber, and the generated back anti-Stokes scattered light enters the first photoelectric detector 7 through the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 and is collected by the collecting card 9. The raman stokes scattered light enters the second photodetector 8 through the d port of the wavelength division multiplexer 6 and is collected by the collection card 9.
Specifically, in this embodiment, 1350nm pump light emitted by the second pump laser 13 enters the sensing fiber from the other end through the third fiber coupler 14 and the second isolator 15, the pump light intensity is higher than the back anti-stokes scattered light intensity in the sensing fiber, and the wavelength of 1450nm anti-stokes scattered light is within the raman gain bandwidth of the pump light, so that the pump light will generate amplification gain for the anti-stokes scattered light. The 1350nm pump light emitted by the third pump laser 16 enters the sensing optical fiber through the second optical fiber coupler 17, and simultaneously, amplification gain is generated on the anti-stokes scattered light, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the anti-stokes scattered signal in the sensing optical fiber is improved. In this embodiment, both bi-directional pump light can amplify the anti-stokes light in the sensing fiber. The amplification principle is as follows: when the emission wavelength of the pump light is lower than the wavelength of the signal light by 70-100 nm and the weak light signal (anti-Stokes scattered light) and the injected strong pump light are transmitted in the optical fiber at the same time, when the bandwidth of the weak light signal is within the Raman gain bandwidth of the sensing optical fiber, the energy of the pump light can be transferred into the weak light signal through the stimulated Raman scattering effect, so that the weak light signal is amplified. Therefore, compared with Shan Bengpu light, the bidirectional input pump light in the embodiment of the invention can further amplify the anti-Stokes scattering signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
The demodulation principle of the present invention is described below.
In the invention, the signal intensity of the back anti-Stokes scattered light in the sensing optical fiber is as follows:
；（1）
the back stokes scattered light signal intensity is:
;（2）
wherein, K is the incident power of the pulse laser as 、K s Representing the coefficients related to the raman anti-stokes signal and the raman stokes signal back-scatter cross-section respectively,Sis the backscattering factor of the optical fiber, v as 、v s Respectively represent the frequencies of the raman anti-stokes scattering signals and the raman stokes scattering signals, ϕ e Represents the pulse laser light flux, mu, coupled into the fiber a1 、μ a2 Respectively representing the amplification factors for generating gain to anti-Stokes scattering signals, wherein v is Raman frequency shift, h is Planck constant, k is Boltzmann constant, T is sensing fiber temperature, and alpha 0 、α as 、α s The loss coefficients of incident light and anti-Stokes light, respectively, per unit length in the thermometry fiber.
The ratio of the anti-stokes scatter signal intensity to the stokes scatter signal intensity is:
；(3)
in the sensing optical fiber L 0 A calibration optical fiber ring is arranged at the position, and the temperature is recorded as T 0 The back anti-stokes scattered light signal intensity at this point is:
；(4)
the back stokes scattered light signal intensity is:
；(5)
L 0 anti-stokes scatter signal intensity and stokes scatter signal intensityThe ratio is:
；(6)
F(T) And (3) withF(T 0 ) The preparation method comprises the following steps:
；(7)
the formula for final temperature demodulation is:
；(8)
wherein T represents the temperature of the measurement location, F (T) represents the ratio of the anti-Stokes scattering signal intensity to the Stokes scattering signal intensity of the measurement location, F (T) 0 ) Indicating a temperature T in the calibration stage 0 The ratio of anti-stokes scatter signal intensity to stokes scatter signal intensity at the location of (2), k is the boltzmann constant, gamma is the raman shift, and h is the planck constant.
Thus, in actual measurement, the temperature is first known to beT 0 Is provided with a sensing optical fiberL 0 The position is subjected to calibration treatment, and the sensing optical fiber can be demodulated by using the formula (8)LTemperature at (c).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A Raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a first pump laser (13) and a second pump laser (16), wherein laser emitted by the laser (1) is divided into two beams through a first coupler (2), one beam is modulated into pulse light through a first electro-optical modulator (4), then sequentially enters a sensing optical fiber (18) through a first isolator (5), a wavelength division multiplexer (6) and a second coupler (17), the other beam enters the sensing optical fiber (18) through a second electro-optical modulator (11) for double-sideband modulation, then enters the sensing optical fiber (18) through a filter (12) for filtering low-frequency sidebands, and the high-frequency sidebands enter the sensing optical fiber (14) from the other end through a third coupler (14) for amplifying pulse light through stimulated Brillouin effect, back Stokes light generated by Raman scattering in the sensing optical fiber (18) is output through the second coupler (17) and returns to a wavelength division multiplexer (6), then respectively outputs laser signals which are detected by the wavelength division multiplexer (6) to the first detector (7) and the second pump optical fiber (18) for amplifying the pulse light from the other end through the third coupler (14), the pump laser signal output by the second pump laser (16) enters a sensing optical fiber (18) through a second coupler (17) to amplify the anti-Stokes light;
the temperature demodulation formula is as follows:
；
wherein T represents the temperature of the measurement location, F (T) represents the ratio of the anti-Stokes scattering signal intensity to the Stokes scattering signal intensity of the measurement location, F (T) 0 ) Indicating a temperature T in the calibration stage 0 The ratio of the anti-stokes scatter signal intensity to the stokes scatter signal intensity, k is the boltzmann constant,for raman shift, h is the planck constant.
2. A raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, wherein the center wavelength of said laser (1) is 1550nm, the center wavelengths of the first pump laser (13) and the second pump laser (16) are 1350nm, and the modulation frequency of said second electro-optical modulator (11) is 10.8GHz.
3. A raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, wherein the laser (1), the first pump laser (13) and the second pump laser (16) are distributed feedback semiconductor lasers.
4. A raman distributed optical fiber sensing device enabling ultra long sensing distances according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a second isolator (15), said second isolator (15) being arranged between the third coupler (14) and the sensing optical fiber (18).
5. A raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra long sensing distances according to claim 1, further comprising a first arbitrary waveform generator (3) and a second arbitrary waveform generator (10), said first arbitrary waveform generator (3) and second arbitrary waveform generator (10) being used for driving a first electro-optical modulator (4) and a second electro-optical modulator (11), respectively.
6. The raman distributed optical fiber sensing device capable of realizing ultra-long sensing distance according to claim 1, further comprising a data acquisition card (9), wherein the signal output ends of the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) are connected with the data acquisition card (9).
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