CN113523616A - Laser welding tool equipment and laser welding method - Google Patents

Laser welding tool equipment and laser welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113523616A
CN113523616A CN202010300815.7A CN202010300815A CN113523616A CN 113523616 A CN113523616 A CN 113523616A CN 202010300815 A CN202010300815 A CN 202010300815A CN 113523616 A CN113523616 A CN 113523616A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
workpiece
positioning
laser welding
block
pressing
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202010300815.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
唐景龙
曹文辉
侯兴龙
曹明辉
安军辉
项有程
陈根余
陈焱
高云峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Han s Laser Technology Industry Group Co Ltd
Hans Laser Smart Equipment Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Han s Laser Technology Industry Group Co Ltd
Hans Laser Smart Equipment Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Han s Laser Technology Industry Group Co Ltd, Hans Laser Smart Equipment Group Co Ltd filed Critical Han s Laser Technology Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010300815.7A priority Critical patent/CN113523616A/en
Publication of CN113523616A publication Critical patent/CN113523616A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435Clamps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to laser welding tool equipment and a laser welding method. This laser welding tool equipment includes: the device comprises a positioning mechanism, an end face pressing mechanism, an inner support positioning pressing mechanism and a spinning mechanism; the positioning mechanism comprises a guide post, a positioning piece and a supporting seat; the guide post and the positioning piece are arranged on the supporting seat; the positioning piece is used for positioning a first workpiece to be welded; the end face pressing mechanism is arranged on the supporting seat and is used for pressing the positioned first workpiece on the supporting seat; interior propping location hold-down mechanism, including the profile modeling stopper of side locating piece and connection side locating piece, be equipped with on the side locating piece first locating hole profile modeling stopper be equipped with the second locating hole of first locating hole intercommunication. The laser welding tooling equipment improves the laser welding quality, the laser welding precision and the welding strength, and avoids cracks of welding seams.

Description

Laser welding tool equipment and laser welding method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to laser welding tool equipment and a laser welding method.
Background
The energy absorption box of the automobile anti-collision beam belongs to a key part of automobile parts, and is mainly used for effectively absorbing collision energy when an automobile collides, and reducing the damage of a vehicle body longitudinal beam caused by overlarge impact force as much as possible, thereby playing a role in protecting the automobile. In the prior art, the laser welding tooling equipment for the automobile anti-collision beam energy absorption box has the defects of low welding precision, poor welding strength, large deformation, poor surface forming, easy crack generation during welding and the like, and also has the defect that the mass production, high precision and attractiveness of the automobile anti-collision beam energy absorption box in the prior art cannot be met by the laser welding tooling equipment for the automobile anti-collision beam energy absorption box in the modern industry due to the fact that one-time clamping welding cannot be completed and large-batch automatic production cannot be easily realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides laser welding tool equipment and a laser welding method, which solve the problems of low welding precision, poor welding strength, large deformation, poor surface forming, easy crack generation in welding and the like in the welding of an energy absorption box of an automobile anti-collision beam in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides laser welding tool equipment, which comprises: the device comprises a positioning mechanism, an end face pressing mechanism, an inner support positioning pressing mechanism and a spinning mechanism;
the positioning mechanism comprises a guide post, a positioning piece and a supporting seat; the guide post and the positioning piece are arranged on the supporting seat; the positioning piece is used for positioning a first workpiece to be welded;
the end face pressing mechanism is arranged on the supporting seat and is used for pressing the positioned first workpiece on the supporting seat;
the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism comprises a side positioning block and a profiling limiting block connected with the side positioning block, wherein a first positioning through hole is formed in the side positioning block, and a second positioning through hole communicated with the first positioning through hole is formed in the profiling limiting block; the second workpiece to be welded is sleeved on the side positioning block and abutted against the profiling limiting block, and the guide column penetrates through the first positioning through hole and the second positioning through hole to position the second workpiece;
when a second workpiece pressing instruction is received, the spinning mechanism presses the copying limiting block to be far away from one end of the second workpiece so as to drive the copying limiting block, the side positioning block and the second workpiece to move towards the first workpiece along the guide column until the second welding edge of the second workpiece is pressed on the first welding edge of the first workpiece.
Optionally, the laser welding tooling equipment further comprises a movement monitoring mechanism for detecting whether the second workpiece is installed in place; the mobile monitoring mechanism comprises a first telescopic piece and a detection rod arranged on the first telescopic piece; a workpiece hole is formed in the second workpiece;
when the first telescopic piece drives the detection rod to extend to a preset length; if the detection rod extends into the workpiece hole, the second workpiece is confirmed to be installed in place; and if the detection rod is abutted against the outer wall of the second workpiece, confirming that the second workpiece is not installed in place.
Optionally, the laser welding tooling equipment further comprises a rotary displacement mechanism for driving the supporting seat to rotate; the rotary displacement mechanism comprises a bottom plate, a rotary driving piece and a rotary drag chain for accommodating pipelines; the rotary driving piece and the rotary drag chain are both arranged on the bottom plate; the support seat is mounted on the rotary driving member.
Optionally, the rotary displacement mechanism further comprises a limiting block for limiting the moving position of the rotary drag chain on the bottom plate and an inductive switch for monitoring whether the rotary driving member is rotated to the right position; the inductive switch and the limiting block are both arranged on the bottom plate.
Optionally, the rotary shifting mechanism further includes a guide plate mounted on the bottom plate and a limit plate connected to the guide plate; and an arc-shaped limiting space for limiting the rotary drag chain to rotate only on the horizontal plane along a preset direction is formed among the guide plate, the rotary driving piece and the limiting plate.
Optionally, the first workpiece comprises an inner bore; the positioning mechanism comprises a profiling limiting seat which is arranged on the supporting seat and is matched with the shape of the inner hole; the profiling limiting seat is used for positioning a first workpiece to be welded; and welding grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to the first welding edge and the second welding edge, of the supporting seat.
Optionally, the end face pressing mechanism comprises a second telescopic piece and a pressing block connected with the second telescopic piece; the second telescopic mechanism is used for driving the pressing block to move downwards and pressing the first workpiece on the supporting seat.
Optionally, the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism further comprises a ball plug spring; the side positioning block is also provided with a ball plug hole; one end of the ball plunger spring is installed in the ball plunger hole, and the other end of the ball plunger spring abuts against the inner wall of the second workpiece.
Optionally, the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism further comprises a pressing hole penetrating through the side positioning block and the profiling limiting block and provided with a flange; the spinning mechanism comprises a rotary telescopic piece, a profiling pressing block and a pull rod connected between the rotary telescopic piece and the profiling pressing block; the rotary telescopic piece is arranged on the supporting seat;
when a second workpiece pressing instruction is received, the rotary telescopic piece drives the profiling pressing block to rotate to be opposite to the flange through the pull rod and move downwards until the lower end of the profiling pressing block is abutted to the flange;
when a second workpiece loosening instruction is received, the rotary telescopic piece drives the profiling pressing block to move upwards by a preset height through the pull rod and rotates to be separated from the flange.
Optionally, the laser welding tooling equipment is the laser welding tooling equipment, and the laser welding method includes the following steps:
positioning and mounting a first workpiece on the supporting seat through the positioning piece;
controlling the end face pressing mechanism to press the positioned first workpiece on the supporting seat;
sleeving a second workpiece on the side positioning block and abutting against the profiling limiting block, and positioning the second workpiece through the guide column penetrating through the first positioning through hole and the second positioning through hole;
when a second workpiece pressing instruction is received, the spinning mechanism is controlled to press one end, far away from the second workpiece, of the profiling limiting block, so that the profiling limiting block, the side positioning block and the second workpiece are driven to move towards the first workpiece along the guide column until a second welding edge of the second workpiece is pressed on a first welding edge of the first workpiece;
receiving a laser processing instruction, and controlling a laser to perform laser welding on the first welding edge and the second welding edge if the second workpiece is detected to be installed in place;
and receiving a welding completion instruction, controlling the spinning mechanism to loosen the profiling limiting block, and simultaneously controlling the end face pressing mechanism to loosen the first workpiece.
In the invention, the first workpiece is accurately installed on the supporting seat through the positioning piece, then the end face pressing mechanism presses the first workpiece on the supporting seat, the side positioning piece is connected with the second workpiece in an adaptive manner, the second workpiece is installed on the inner support positioning pressing mechanism, the second workpiece is installed on the end face pressing mechanism, the second workpiece is pressed on the second workpiece through the spinning mechanism, and the first welding edge of the first workpiece is aligned with the second welding edge of the second workpiece, so that the first workpiece and the second workpiece are prevented from relatively shifting in the laser welding process, the laser welding quality of the laser welding tool equipment is improved, and the laser welding precision and the welding strength of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are improved, cracks are avoided in the welding seams of the first workpiece and the second workpiece; and the side positioning block of the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism is designed according to the workpiece shape matching of the second workpiece, so that the second workpiece can be accurately installed on the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism, and the deformation of the second workpiece in the laser welding process is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention during laser welding positioning;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser welding tooling device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a laser welding tooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner support positioning and clamping mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner support positioning and clamping mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an inner support positioning and clamping mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary displacement mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a movement detection mechanism of a laser welding tooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the specification are as follows:
1. a positioning mechanism; 11. a guide post; 12. a positioning member; 13. a supporting seat; 131. welding a groove; 14. profiling limiting seats; 2. an end face pressing mechanism; 21. a second telescoping member; 22. briquetting; 3. an inner support positioning and pressing mechanism; 31. a side positioning block; 311. a first positioning through hole; 312. plugging the hole with a ball; 32. a profiling limiting block; 321. A second positioning through hole; 33. a ball plunger spring; 34. pressing the hole; 341. blocking edges; 4. a spinning mechanism; 41. Rotating the telescoping member; 42. profiling compaction blocks; 43. a pull rod; 5. a movement monitoring mechanism; 51. a first telescoping member; 52. a detection lever; 53. a return spring; 54. a detection sensor; 6. a rotary position changing mechanism; 61. a base plate; 62. a rotary drive member; 63. rotating the drag chain; 64. a limiting block; 65. an inductive switch; 66. a guide plate; 67. a limiting plate; 68. a circular arc-shaped limiting space; 7. a laser; 101. a first workpiece; 102. a second workpiece; 1021. and (6) workpiece holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "middle", and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, which is for convenience in describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a laser welding tooling device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a positioning mechanism 1, an end face pressing mechanism 2, an inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3 and a spinning mechanism 4;
the positioning mechanism 1 comprises a guide post 11, a positioning piece 12 and a supporting seat 13; the guide post 11 and the positioning piece 12 are mounted (mounted by screws and the like) on the support base 13; the positioning piece 12 is used for positioning a first workpiece 101 to be welded; as can be appreciated, the positioning member 12 is used for positioning the first workpiece 101 on the supporting seat 13; preferably, the positioning member 12 is a positioning pin, and the positioning member 12 may be designed in a plurality according to actual requirements. The guide post 11 may be a separate structural member mounted on the support base 13 by a process such as screwing, welding, or the like, or may be a structural member integrally formed on the support base 13.
The end face pressing mechanism 2 is mounted on the supporting seat 13, and the end face pressing mechanism 2 is used for pressing the positioned first workpiece 101 on the supporting seat 13;
preferably, the guide post 11 is subjected to surface hardening treatment, so that the wear resistance of the guide post 11 is improved, and the service life of the laser welding tool equipment is prolonged.
The inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3 comprises a side positioning block 31 and a limiting block copying limiting block 32 connected with the side positioning block 31, wherein a first positioning through hole 311 is formed in the side positioning block 31, and a second positioning through hole 321 communicated with the first positioning through hole 311 is formed in the copying limiting block 32; the second workpiece 102 to be welded is sleeved on the side positioning block 31 and abutted against the profiling limiting block 32, and the guide column 11 passes through the first positioning through hole 311 and the second positioning through hole 321 to position the second workpiece 102; it can be understood that the profile stopper 32 may be an integrally formed structure of the side positioning block 31, or may be a separate structural member connected to the side positioning block 31 by means of screw connection, welding, or the like; the side positioning block 31 is designed according to the shape of the workpiece through hole of the second workpiece 102, and is a precise contact surface of the second workpiece 102.
When a pressing instruction of a second workpiece 102 is received, the spinning mechanism 4 presses one end of the profiling limiting block 32, which is far away from the second workpiece 102, so as to drive the profiling limiting block 32, the side positioning block 31 and the second workpiece 102 to move towards the first workpiece 101 along the guide column 11 until a second welding edge of the second workpiece 102 is pressed against a first welding edge of the first workpiece 101. Specifically, when the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3 passes through the first positioning through hole 311 and the second positioning through hole 321 through the guide post 11, a compression space is left between the lower surface of the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3 and the upper surface of the positioning mechanism 1, the rotary telescopic mechanism drives the profiling limiting block 32 to move downwards, so that the second workpiece 102 is pressed on the first workpiece 101 through the side positioning block 31, and the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 is aligned with the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102; it can be understood that the profile limiting stopper 32 cannot pass through the workpiece through hole of the second workpiece 102, the side positioning block 31 can pass through the workpiece through hole of the second workpiece 102, and the height of the side positioning block 31 is greater than the height of the second workpiece 102, so that the rotating expansion element 41 can drive the second workpiece 102 to press against the first workpiece 101 when driving the profile limiting stopper 32 to move down.
It is understood that the portion where the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are connected to each other is a laser welding area of the laser welding tooling equipment, that is, the first welding edge and the second welding edge are laser welding areas of the laser welding tooling equipment, and preferably, the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 include, but are not limited to, two portions that need to be welded to each other in the energy absorption box of the automobile impact beam shown in fig. 1.
In the invention, firstly, the first workpiece 101 is accurately installed on the supporting seat 13 through the positioning piece 12, then the first workpiece 101 is pressed on the supporting seat 13 through the end face pressing mechanism 2, the second workpiece 102 is installed on the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3 through the adaptive connection of the side positioning block 31 and the second workpiece 102, the second workpiece 102 is installed on the end face pressing mechanism 2, the second workpiece 102 is pressed on the second workpiece 102 through the spinning mechanism 4, and the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 is aligned with the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102, so that the relative displacement between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is avoided in the laser welding process, and the laser welding quality of the laser welding tooling equipment is improved, the laser welding precision and the welding strength of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are improved, and cracks of the welding seam of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are avoided; and the side positioning block 31 is designed according to the workpiece shape matching of the second workpiece 102, so that the second workpiece 102 can be accurately installed on the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3, and the deformation of the second workpiece 102 in the laser welding process is reduced.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 10, the laser welding tooling equipment further includes a movement monitoring mechanism 5 for detecting whether the second workpiece 102 is mounted in place; the movement monitoring mechanism 5 comprises a first telescopic piece 51 and a detection rod 52 arranged on the first telescopic piece 51; a workpiece hole 1021 is formed in the second workpiece 102; it will be appreciated that the first telescopic member 51 may be a linear driving member such as a linear motor, a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a rack and pinion driving mechanism, etc.
When the first telescopic piece 51 drives the detection rod 52 to extend to a preset length; if the detection rod 52 extends into the workpiece hole 1021, it is confirmed that the second workpiece 102 is installed in place; if the detection rod 52 abuts against the outer wall of the second workpiece 102, it is confirmed that the second workpiece 102 is not mounted in place. It can be understood that the preset length is a length of the first telescopic member 51 carrying the detection rod 52 forward, and when the detection rod 52 moves forward by the preset length, only two states of the front end of the detection rod 52 are possible: extend into the workpiece aperture 1021 or contact the outer wall of the second workpiece 102; further, in order to improve the quality of the laser welding between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, the second workpiece 102 needs to be accurately mounted on the side positioning block 31 of the inner support positioning mechanism 1, the first telescopic member 51 can drive the detection rod 52 to move towards the second workpiece 102, and when the detection rod 52 extends into the workpiece hole 1021 and does not contact with the outer wall of the second workpiece 102 (i.e. the detection rod 52 detects the workpiece hole 1021), it indicates that the second workpiece 102 is accurately mounted on the side positioning block 31; when the detecting rod 52 does not extend into the workpiece hole 1021 but contacts the outer wall of the second workpiece 102, it indicates that the second workpiece 102 is not precisely mounted on the side positioning block 31, and the second workpiece 102 needs to be mounted again. In summary, through the design of the movement monitoring mechanism 5, the error-proofing performance of the laser welding tooling equipment is improved, and the laser welding quality of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 10, the movement monitoring mechanism 5 further includes a return spring 53 connected to an end of the detection lever 52 remote from the second workpiece 102, and a detection sensor 54 communicatively connected to the detection lever 52; when the first telescopic piece 51 drives the detection rod 52 to move forward and contact with the outer wall of the second workpiece 102, the detection sensor 54 sends a signal that the installation is not in place to a control module of the laser welding tooling equipment, and the control module controls the laser 7 not to perform laser processing on the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102; when the detection rod 52 extends into the workpiece hole 1021 without abutting against the outer wall of the second workpiece 102, the detection sensor 54 will send a signal of being installed in place to the control module, and the control module will control the laser 7 to perform laser processing on the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102; the return spring 53 is provided to assist the detection rod 52 to retract toward the end away from the second workpiece 102 when the detection rod 52 abuts against the outer wall of the second workpiece 102, so as to avoid the impact between the detection rod 52 and the second workpiece 102, that is, improve the laser welding quality of the second workpiece 102, and prolong the service life of the detection rod 52.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the laser welding tooling equipment further includes a rotary displacement mechanism 6 for driving the supporting seat 13 to rotate; the rotary displacement mechanism 6 comprises a bottom plate 61, a rotary driving piece 62 and a rotary drag chain 63 for accommodating pipelines; the rotary driving piece 62 and the rotary drag chain 63 are both mounted (mounted by means of screw connection, welding and the like) on the bottom plate 61; the support base 13 is mounted (by means of screw connection, welding, etc.) on the rotary drive 62. Preferably, the rotary drive 62 is a torque motor. It can be understood that the pipelines comprise the pipeline of the end face pressing mechanism 2, the pipeline of the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3, the pipeline of the spinning mechanism 4 and the pipeline of the positioning mechanism 1, since the supporting seat 13 is installed on the rotary driving member 62, and the positioning mechanism 1, the end face pressing mechanism 2, the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3 and the spinning mechanism 4 are all installed on the supporting seat 13, the rotary driving member 62 will drive the positioning mechanism 1, the end face pressing mechanism 2, the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3 and the spinning mechanism 4 to rotate through the supporting seat 13, the rotary drag chain 63 can ensure that the supporting seat 13 drives the rotary drag chain 63 to rotate in the process of rotating the rotary driving piece 62, so as to ensure that the pipelines are not mutually wound and rubbed; therefore, due to the design of the rotary drag chain 63, the abrasion of a pipeline is effectively avoided, and the service life of the laser welding tool equipment is prolonged.
In summary, the spinning mechanism 4 can drive the positioning mechanism 1, the end face pressing mechanism 2, the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3, the spinning mechanism 4, the first workpiece 101, and the second workpiece 102 to rotate, so that laser welding of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be completed under the condition of one-time clamping, the laser welding efficiency of the laser welding tooling equipment is improved, batch production of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is facilitated, and the laser welding cost of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is reduced.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the rotary shift mechanism 6 further includes a limiting block 64 for limiting the moving position of the rotary drag chain 63 on the bottom plate 61 and a sensing switch 65 for monitoring whether the rotary driving member 62 is rotated to the right position; the inductive switch 65 and the limiting block 64 are both installed on the bottom plate 61. It can be understood that the limiting block 64 and the inductive switch 65 can be provided in plural according to actual requirements, and are disposed on a side of the rotating drag chain 63 away from the rotating driving member 62. It can be understood that the inductive switch 65 is used for monitoring and feeding back the rotation arrival condition of the rotary driving element 62 in real time, when the rotary driving element 62 fails or the rotary driving element 62 does not rotate in place, the inductive switch 65 sends a control signal to the control module, and the control module controls the laser welding tooling equipment to perform power-off protection, so that the inductive switch 65 plays a role of hard software limiting; in addition, the limiting block 64 is disposed on the bottom plate 61 for limiting the moving position of the rotating drag chain 63 on the bottom plate 61, and when the supporting seat 13 drives the rotating drag chain 63 to rotate beyond the moving position thereof, the rotating drag chain 63 will contact with the limiting block 64, so that the limiting block 64 functions as a mechanical hard limiting block, and the rotating drag chain 63 can be prevented from exceeding the moving position thereof on the bottom plate 61. To sum up, the design of the limiting block 64 and the inductive switch 65 plays a role in double protection of the pipeline, so that the safety of the laser welding tool equipment is improved, and the service life of the laser welding tool equipment is prolonged.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the rotary displacement mechanism 6 further includes a guide plate 66 mounted on the bottom plate 61 and a stopper plate 67 connected to the guide plate 66; an arc-shaped limiting space 68 for limiting the rotation of the rotating drag chain 63 only in a horizontal plane in a preset direction is formed among the guide plate 66, the rotary driving member 62 and the limiting plate 67. It can be understood that the guide plate 66 can play a role in making the rotating drag chain 63 move in the circular arc-shaped limiting space 68, and the limiting plate 67 can prevent the rotating drag chain 63 from moving upwards, so that the rotating drag chain 63 can only move along the bottom plate 61, and therefore, the design of the guide plate 66 and the limiting plate 67 improves the stability of the rotating drag chain 63 in the laser welding process.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the first workpiece 101 includes an inner bore; the positioning mechanism 1 comprises a profiling limiting seat 14 which is arranged on the supporting seat 13 and is matched with the shape of the inner hole; the profiling limiting seat 14 is used for positioning a first workpiece 101 to be welded; the support base 13 is provided with a welding groove 131 at a position corresponding to the first welding edge and the second welding edge. As can be understood, the shape-matching limiting seat 14 is designed according to the shape of the inner hole of the first workpiece 101, so that when the first workpiece 101 is mounted on the supporting seat 13, the shape-matching limiting seat 14 can play a role in positioning the first workpiece 101, and the inner hole is attached to the shape-matching limiting seat 14, thereby reducing the deformation of the first workpiece 101 during the laser welding process, that is, improving the laser welding quality of the laser welding tooling equipment. The welding seam is arranged at the position corresponding to the first welding edge and the second welding edge, and welding slag can fall in the welding groove 131 during laser welding, so that the welding groove 131 can be designed to effectively prevent the welding slag from splashing in the laser welding process, the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be prevented from being welded with the laser welding tool equipment, the service life of the laser welding tool equipment is prolonged, and the laser welding quality between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the end face pressing mechanism 2 includes a second telescopic member 21 and a pressing block 22 connected to the second telescopic member 21; the second telescopic mechanism is used for driving the pressing block 22 to move downwards and pressing the first workpiece 101 on the supporting seat 13. It will be appreciated that the second telescopic member 21 may be a linear driving member such as a linear motor, a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a rack and pinion driving mechanism, etc. It can be understood that the end face pressing mechanisms 2 can be provided in plurality according to actual requirements, and the more the number of the end face pressing mechanisms 2 is, the less the displacement between the first workpiece 101 and the supporting seat 13 is. In addition, the end face pressing mechanism 2 is simple in structure and convenient to install, and the manufacturing cost and the installation cost of the laser welding tool equipment are reduced.
Preferably, the pressing block 22 is made of a chromium-zirconium-copper material, so that the strength of the pressing block 22 is effectively improved, and the service life of the laser welding tool equipment is prolonged.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3 further includes a ball plunger spring 33; the side positioning block 31 is also provided with a ball plug hole 312; one end of the ball plunger spring 33 is installed in the ball plunger hole 312, and the other end of the ball plunger spring 33 abuts against the inner wall of the second workpiece 102. It can be understood that when the second workpiece 102 is loaded into the side positioning block 31 from the bottom of the inner bracing positioning pressing mechanism 3, the inner wall of the second workpiece 102 will compress the ball plunger spring 33 into the ball plunger hole 312, and after the second workpiece 102 is loaded into the side positioning block 31, the ball plunger spring 33 is compressed, and at this time, the compressed ball plunger spring 33 is located between the inner wall of the second workpiece 102 and the ball plunger hole 312 of the side positioning block 31, and the inner wall of the second workpiece 102 and the side positioning block 31 maintain the stability of the relative position under the elastic force of the ball plunger spring 33, so as to reduce the deformation of the second workpiece 102 during the laser welding. Preferably, the ball plunger spring 33 and the ball plunger hole 312 may be disposed around the side positioning block 31 at equal intervals (or may be disposed symmetrically), so that the stabilizing effect on the second workpiece 102 is better, and in summary, the design of the ball plunger spring 33 and the profile limiting block 32 can ensure that the second workpiece 102 is accurately and stably mounted on the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3, thereby improving the laser welding quality of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3 further includes a pressing hole 34 penetrating through the side positioning block 31 and the profiling limiting block 32 and provided with a rib 341; the spinning mechanism 4 comprises a rotary telescopic part 41, a profile compaction block 42 and a pull rod 43 connected (screwed, welded, screwed and the like) between the rotary telescopic part 41 and the profile compaction block 42; the rotary telescopic member 41 is mounted (by means of screw connection, threaded connection, etc.) on the support base 13;
when a pressing instruction of the second workpiece 102 is received, the rotary telescopic part 41 drives the profiling pressing block 42 to rotate to be opposite to the rib 341 and move downwards through the pull rod 43 until the lower end of the profiling pressing block 42 abuts against the rib 341; it can be understood that when the second workpiece 102 needs to be pressed, the rotating telescopic member 41 will drive the copying pressing block 42 to rotate by a certain angle (for example, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, etc.), under which the copying pressing block 42 is blocked by the retaining edge 341 and cannot pass through the pressing hole 34, and after the rotating telescopic member 41 drives the copying pressing block 42 to rotate by a certain angle, the copying limiting block 32 is driven to move downwards, and since the retaining edge 341 blocks the copying pressing block 42, the downward movement of the copying pressing block 42 will drive the downward movement of the second workpiece 102, thereby achieving the technical effect of pressing the second workpiece 102 on the first workpiece 101.
When a loosening instruction of the second workpiece 102 is received, the rotary telescopic part 41 drives the profiling pressing block 42 to move upwards by a preset height through the pull rod 43 and rotates to be separated from the rib 341. It can be understood that when the laser welding is completed, the second workpiece 102 is to be released from the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3, the rotary expansion member 41 will move the pull rod 43 to move the profiling pressing block 42 upwards, and drive the profiling pressing block 42 to rotate to pass through the pressing hole 34, so that the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3 can be taken out along the guide post 11, and the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be taken out from the laser welding tooling.
In summary, through the design of the rotary telescopic member 41 and the profiling pressing block 42, the second workpiece 102 can be pressed on the first workpiece 101, and the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be taken down from the laser welding workpiece device, so that cracks in the welding seam between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be avoided, the laser welding quality of the laser welding tool device is ensured, and the workpiece taking of the laser welding tool device is facilitated.
In an embodiment, the inner support positioning and compressing mechanism 3 further includes an oilless bushing installed in the first positioning through hole 311. Understandably, the oil-free bushing can prevent the abrasion between the guide post 11 and the first positioning through hole 311 of the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism 3, thereby prolonging the service life of the laser welding tool equipment.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser welding method based on the laser welding tooling equipment, where the laser welding tooling equipment is the laser welding tooling equipment, and the laser welding method includes the following steps:
the first workpiece 101 is positioned and installed on the supporting seat 13 through the positioning piece 12; it will be appreciated that the first workpiece 101 may be mounted on the support base 13 manually or robotically.
Controlling the end face pressing mechanism 2 to press the positioned first workpiece 101 on the supporting seat 13; it can be understood that the end face pressing mechanism 2 presses the first workpiece 101 against the supporting seat 13, so that the first workpiece 101 is prevented from being displaced during the laser welding process, which affects the quality of the laser welding.
After the second workpiece 102 is sleeved on the side positioning block 31 and abutted against the profiling limiting block 32, the second workpiece 102 is positioned by the guide post 11 penetrating through the first positioning through hole 311 and the second positioning through hole 321; it is understood that the second workpiece 102 may be mounted on the side positioning block 31 by a human or a robot. It will be appreciated that the contoured stop 32 prevents the second workpiece 102 from moving upward.
When a second workpiece 102 pressing instruction is received, the spinning mechanism 4 is controlled to press one end, away from the second workpiece 102, of the profiling limiting block 32, so as to drive the profiling limiting block 32, the side positioning block 31 and the second workpiece 102 to move towards the first workpiece 101 along the guide column 11 until a second welding edge of the second workpiece 102 is pressed against a first welding edge of the first workpiece 101; it is understood that, by this step, the second workpiece 102 can be pressed against the first workpiece 101, and the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 and the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102 can be attached to each other, so that the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be laser welded.
Receiving a laser processing instruction, and controlling a laser 7 to perform laser welding on the first welding edge and the second welding edge if the second workpiece 102 is detected to be installed in place; it is understood that after the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are mounted, i.e., clamped, the laser machine performs laser welding around the weld joint where the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 contact each other.
And receiving a welding completion instruction, controlling the spinning mechanism 4 to loosen the profiling limiting block 32, and simultaneously controlling the end face pressing mechanism 2 to loosen the first workpiece 101. It can be understood that, after the laser welding of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is completed, the spinning mechanism 4 will release the copying stopper 32, so that the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3 can be removed along the guide post 11, and the end surface pressing mechanism 2 will release the first workpiece 101, so that the welded first workpiece 101 and second workpiece 102 can be removed from the laser welding tooling, and thus prepare for the next laser welding of the first workpiece 101 and second workpiece 102.
According to the laser welding method provided by the invention, the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be accurately installed, and the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 can be pressed against the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102, so that the laser welding quality of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is improved, and the strength of the welding seam between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is improved. In one embodiment, the laser welding tooling equipment further comprises a movement monitoring mechanism 5; the movement monitoring mechanism 5 comprises a first telescopic piece 51 and a detection rod 52 arranged on the first telescopic piece 51; a workpiece hole 1021 is formed in the second workpiece 102;
the detecting that the second workpiece 102 is mounted in place includes:
controlling the first telescopic piece 51 to drive the detection rod 52 to extend to a preset length;
when the detection rod 52 is detected to extend into the workpiece hole 1021, it is determined that the second workpiece 102 is installed in place, and the first extensible member 51 is controlled to drive the detection rod 52 to return to the original position.
When the detection rod 52 is detected to abut against the outer wall of the second workpiece 102, it is determined that the second workpiece 102 is not mounted in place, and at this time, it is necessary to prompt (which may be prompted in the form of voice or an indicator light, etc.) that the second workpiece 102 is not mounted in place. Understandably, when it is confirmed that the second workpiece 102 is not mounted in place, the first telescopic member 51 may be controlled to drive the detection rod 52 to return to the original position, and at this time, the laser 7 does not perform laser welding on the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102.
In an embodiment, the laser welding tooling equipment further comprises a rotary displacement mechanism 6 for driving the supporting seat 13 to rotate; the rotary displacement mechanism 6 comprises a bottom plate 61, a rotary driving piece 62 and a rotary drag chain 63 for accommodating pipelines; the rotary driving piece 62 and the rotary drag chain 63 are both arranged on the bottom plate 61; the supporting seat 13 is mounted on the rotary driving piece 62;
the control laser 7 laser-welds the first welding edge and the second welding edge, and includes:
controlling the laser 7 to perform laser welding on a first welding area of the first welding edge and the second welding edge;
receiving a rotation instruction (the rotation instruction is generated when the welding of the first welding area is finished), and controlling the rotary displacement mechanism 6 to drive the supporting seat 13 to rotate by a preset angle; it is understood that the preset angle is an angle at which the rotary driving member 62 rotates the supporting seat 13, and at the preset angle, the laser 7 can complete the laser welding operation of the second welding region (the second welding region is composed of the first welding region and the second welding region) of the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 and the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102. However, the conventional laser 7 cannot achieve 360-degree welding of the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 and the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102 due to its complex structure, so the rotary displacement mechanism 6 is designed to rotate the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 welded by the first welding area by a preset angle, thereby completing laser welding of the second welding area left by the first welding edge of the first workpiece 101 and the second welding edge of the second workpiece 102 under the condition of one-time clamping of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102. Controlling the laser 7 to perform laser welding on a second welding area of the first welding edge and the second welding edge; wherein the first weld area and the second weld area constitute the second weld edge. That is, after rotating to position, a portion of the second welding region opposite to the first welding edge may be directly welded to complete welding of the first and second workpieces 101 and 102, and a welding completion instruction may be generated after completing welding of the first and second workpieces 101 and 102.
It can be understood that the laser welding method can ensure that the laser welding of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is completed under the condition of one-time clamping, improve the laser welding efficiency of the laser welding tooling equipment, facilitate the mass production of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, and reduce the laser welding cost of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102.
Preferably, the laser welding tooling equipment further includes a control module (for example, the control module is a PLC control module or the like), and the control module can control the positioning mechanism 1, the end face pressing mechanism 2, the inner support positioning pressing mechanism 3, the spinning mechanism 4, the rotary displacement mechanism 6, the movement monitoring mechanism 5, and the laser 7 to sequentially execute relevant steps included in the laser welding method based on the laser welding tooling equipment.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a laser welding tool equipment which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a positioning mechanism, an end face pressing mechanism, an inner support positioning pressing mechanism and a spinning mechanism;
the positioning mechanism comprises a guide post, a positioning piece and a supporting seat; the guide post and the positioning piece are arranged on the supporting seat; the positioning piece is used for positioning a first workpiece to be welded;
the end face pressing mechanism is arranged on the supporting seat and is used for pressing the positioned first workpiece on the supporting seat;
the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism comprises a side positioning block and a profiling limiting block connected with the side positioning block, wherein a first positioning through hole is formed in the side positioning block, and a second positioning through hole communicated with the first positioning through hole is formed in the profiling limiting block; the second workpiece to be welded is sleeved on the side positioning block and abutted against the profiling limiting block, and the guide column penetrates through the first positioning through hole and the second positioning through hole to position the second workpiece;
when a second workpiece pressing instruction is received, the spinning mechanism presses the copying limiting block to be far away from one end of the second workpiece so as to drive the copying limiting block, the side positioning block and the second workpiece to move towards the first workpiece along the guide column until the second welding edge of the second workpiece is pressed on the first welding edge of the first workpiece.
2. The laser welding tooling equipment of claim 1, further comprising a movement monitoring mechanism for detecting whether the second workpiece is mounted in place; the mobile monitoring mechanism comprises a first telescopic piece and a detection rod arranged on the first telescopic piece; a workpiece hole is formed in the second workpiece;
when the first telescopic piece drives the detection rod to extend to a preset length; if the detection rod extends into the workpiece hole, the second workpiece is confirmed to be installed in place; and if the detection rod is abutted against the outer wall of the second workpiece, confirming that the second workpiece is not installed in place.
3. The laser welding tooling equipment of claim 1, further comprising a rotary displacement mechanism for driving the support seat to rotate; the rotary displacement mechanism comprises a bottom plate, a rotary driving piece and a rotary drag chain for accommodating pipelines; the rotary driving piece and the rotary drag chain are both arranged on the bottom plate; the support seat is mounted on the rotary driving member.
4. The laser welding tooling equipment as recited in claim 3, wherein the rotary indexing mechanism further comprises a limiting block for limiting the moving position of the rotary drag chain on the bottom plate and an inductive switch for monitoring whether the rotary driving member rotates in place; the inductive switch and the limiting block are both arranged on the bottom plate.
5. The laser welding tooling equipment as recited in claim 3, wherein the rotary indexing mechanism further comprises a guide plate mounted on the bottom plate and a limiting plate connected with the guide plate; and an arc-shaped limiting space for limiting the rotary drag chain to rotate only on the horizontal plane along a preset direction is formed among the guide plate, the rotary driving piece and the limiting plate.
6. The laser welding tooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first workpiece includes an inner bore; the positioning mechanism comprises a profiling limiting seat which is arranged on the supporting seat and is matched with the shape of the inner hole; the profiling limiting seat is used for positioning a first workpiece to be welded; and welding grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to the first welding edge and the second welding edge, of the supporting seat.
7. The laser welding tooling equipment of claim 1, wherein the end face pressing mechanism comprises a second telescopic member and a pressing block connected with the second telescopic member; the second telescopic mechanism is used for driving the pressing block to move downwards and pressing the first workpiece on the supporting seat.
8. The laser welding tooling equipment of claim 1, wherein the inner support positioning and compressing mechanism further comprises a ball plunger spring; the side positioning block is also provided with a ball plug hole; one end of the ball plunger spring is installed in the ball plunger hole, and the other end of the ball plunger spring abuts against the inner wall of the second workpiece.
9. The laser welding tooling equipment as recited in claim 8, wherein the inner support positioning and pressing mechanism further comprises a pressing hole penetrating through the side positioning block and the profiling limiting block and provided with a flange; the spinning mechanism comprises a rotary telescopic piece, a profiling pressing block and a pull rod connected between the rotary telescopic piece and the profiling pressing block; the rotary telescopic piece is arranged on the supporting seat;
when a second workpiece pressing instruction is received, the rotary telescopic piece drives the profiling pressing block to rotate to be opposite to the flange through the pull rod and move downwards until the lower end of the profiling pressing block is abutted to the flange;
when a second workpiece loosening instruction is received, the rotary telescopic piece drives the profiling pressing block to move upwards by a preset height through the pull rod and rotates to be separated from the flange.
10. A laser welding method based on laser welding tooling equipment is characterized in that the laser welding tooling equipment is the laser welding tooling equipment of any one of claims 1 to 9, and the laser welding method comprises the following steps:
positioning and mounting a first workpiece on the supporting seat through the positioning piece;
controlling the end face pressing mechanism to press the positioned first workpiece on the supporting seat;
sleeving a second workpiece on the side positioning block and abutting against the profiling limiting block, and positioning the second workpiece through the guide column penetrating through the first positioning through hole and the second positioning through hole;
when a second workpiece pressing instruction is received, the spinning mechanism is controlled to press one end, far away from the second workpiece, of the profiling limiting block, so that the profiling limiting block, the side positioning block and the second workpiece are driven to move towards the first workpiece along the guide column until a second welding edge of the second workpiece is pressed on a first welding edge of the first workpiece;
receiving a laser processing instruction, and controlling a laser to perform laser welding on the first welding edge and the second welding edge if the second workpiece is detected to be installed in place;
and receiving a welding completion instruction, controlling the spinning mechanism to loosen the profiling limiting block, and simultaneously controlling the end face pressing mechanism to loosen the first workpiece.
CN202010300815.7A 2020-04-16 2020-04-16 Laser welding tool equipment and laser welding method Pending CN113523616A (en)

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CN114619145B (en) * 2022-03-10 2023-10-03 湖北三江航天红峰控制有限公司 Laser welding device and welding method for thin-wall part
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Application publication date: 20211022