CN113516619A - Product surface flaw identification method based on image processing technology - Google Patents
Product surface flaw identification method based on image processing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology, which comprises the steps of firstly, setting product detection points on a product production line, and shooting products at the detection points by using a high-definition camera to obtain images of the products; secondly, performing gray level operation on the picture based on the obtained product image to obtain a gray level image; calculating and outputting the area of the flaw point and the coordinate of the central point on the image by using a flaw point identification algorithm aiming at the gray level image again; and finally, triggering a laser marking machine according to the output value, carrying out laser marking on the product, and identifying unqualified characters. The flaw identification method based on computer processing can well identify the flaw on the surface of the product, and does not generate misjudgment phenomenon on the product with smooth surface meeting the product quality requirement. The problem of whether the automobile parts are qualified or not in industrial production can be solved, the industrial production efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, and the method is suitable for being popularized to the product detection of a factory assembly line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology.
Background
In the production process of the automobile parts, the surface flaws of the automobile parts are mostly identified by naked eyes. The false detection rate detected by a manual method is high, the detection accuracy rate is influenced by subjective judgment and fatigue of workers, and in order to improve the detection accuracy rate, a machine vision method is adopted to replace a traditional human vision detection method, so that the development trend is reached.
In actual work, the flaw points of the product belong to local features of the image, and the local feature values of the image do not change along with changes of rotation, translation, affine and the like of the image. At present, the main algorithms in the aspect of local feature detection include AKAZE, KAZE, BRISK or SIFT algorithms. Are all binary descriptor algorithms, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. AKAZE and KAZE are non-linear algorithms, which take a long time to process pictures and are not suitable for use in an industrial production line. The BRISK algorithm or the SIFT algorithm is a linear algorithm, the processing speed is high, but from the analysis of pictures of multiple experimental results, non-defective parts are easily identified as features, and the probability of judgment errors is increased.
In addition, the texture of the product surface is a characteristic feature of the object surface, and the spatial dependence of the texture research image can be utilized to analyze the object surface feature. At present, the texture detection algorithm comprises a Tamura texture analysis method, a Gabor wavelet texture feature extraction method, an LBP texture statistical feature extraction method and the like. In the experimental process, a GABOR filter is constructed, multiple experiments are carried out on the surface image of the flaw product to verify, the original picture left image original is processed by the GABOR filter to obtain a gaBOR picture, and the product texture similarity is extremely high from the picture, so that the product flaw cannot be identified through the texture analysis of the image.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology, which can quickly identify the product surface flaw without generating misjudgment phenomenon on the product with smooth surface meeting the product quality requirement.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting product detection points on a product production line, and shooting products at the monitoring points by using a high-definition camera to obtain images of the products;
step 2: performing gray scale operation on the picture based on the obtained product image to obtain a gray scale image;
and step 3: calculating and outputting the area of the flaw point and the coordinate of the central point on the image by using a flaw point identification algorithm aiming at the gray level image;
and 4, step 4: and triggering a laser marking machine according to the output value, carrying out laser marking on the product, and identifying unqualified characters.
Further, the specific operation steps of the defective point identification algorithm in step 3 include:
step 31: carrying out normalization quantization processing on an input gray level image;
step 32: setting the size of a Gaussian filter, performing Gaussian convolution operation by using the Gaussian filter, and performing noise reduction processing on the image subjected to normalization quantization processing;
step 33: carrying out binarization operation on the noise-reduced images with different scales, and when the pixel is larger than a set threshold minThreshold for obtaining a pixel corner point of the image, obtaining the pixel corner point of the image, and filtering out the pixel value of a non-defective point in the image;
step 34: calculating a plurality of connected domains by using a library function findContours () of OpenCV for the obtained plurality of processed binary pictures, and calculating the center coordinate and the radius of each connected domain;
step 35: if the pixels are overlapped or connected according to the central coordinates and the radius obtained in the step 34, all the pixels are put together to form a large connected domain, and finally a plurality of connected domains are divided on the pixel level;
step 36: judging the distance between the edge points of the two connected regions, judging whether the two connected regions belong to a group, if so, taking the two connected regions as a block, otherwise, taking the two connected regions as separated connected regions;
step 37: and calculating the size of each block, and regarding the block characteristic as a product flaw when the value is greater than a set threshold value.
Further, the gaussian filter scale value is set to 5.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for identifying the product surface flaws based on the image processing technology, the number of the flaws can be well identified through the flaw point identification algorithm, accuracy is achieved, the problem that whether automobile parts are qualified or not in industrial production is solved, the problems that manual detection takes long time and the detection error rate is high are avoided, industrial production efficiency is improved, cost is saved, and the method is suitable for being popularized to factory assembly line product detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a defect point identification algorithm processing flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the surface texture treatment effect of the product of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the experimental results of the eigenvalue detection algorithm of the present invention;
FIGS. 4(a) - (b) are graphs showing the effect of sample 1 after treatment in the example of the present invention;
FIGS. 5(a) - (b) are graphs showing the effect of sample 2 after treatment in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology, which comprises the following operation steps:
a product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting product detection points on a product production line, setting the interval time for a camera to collect samples according to the production line speed, and shooting the products at the monitoring points by using a high-definition camera to obtain images of the products;
step 2: storing the obtained product image into a computer based on the obtained product image, and carrying out gray level operation on the image to obtain a gray level image;
and step 3: calculating and outputting the area of the flaw point and the coordinate of the central point on the image by using a flaw point identification algorithm aiming at the gray level image;
and 4, step 4: and triggering a laser marking machine according to the output value, carrying out laser marking on the product, and identifying unqualified characters.
Preferably, as can be seen with reference to fig. 1, the operation steps of the flaw identification algorithm include:
step 31: carrying out normalization quantization processing on an input gray level image, wherein the characteristics of the processed gray level image have invariant characteristics to affine transformation such as translation, rotation and scaling;
step 32: setting the size of a Gaussian filter, performing Gaussian convolution operation by using the Gaussian filter, and performing noise reduction processing on the image subjected to normalization quantization processing;
step 33: carrying out binarization operation on the noise-reduced images with different scales for multiple times, and acquiring pixel corner points (characteristic values) of the images when the pixels are larger than a threshold minThreshold of the set pixel corner points (characteristic values) of the images;
preferably, the value of minThreshold is set to 0.0001;
step 34: generating a plurality of connected domains by using a findContours function method for the processed binary image, and calculating the center of each connected domain;
the findContours function is a function method for identifying the outline of a target, is a library function of OpenCV, and obtains a plurality of connected domains by setting parameters of the library function; the prototype of the findContours function is findContours (image, constraints, hierarchy, mode, method, offset ═ Point ()), and the input of each parameter in the application is:
image: inputting a processed binary image;
the constants: the vector is a vector of a Point set formed by Point points, each group of Point sets is a contour, and the vector constants have elements according to the number of contours;
hierarchy: the elements of the vector and the elements in the contour vectors are in one-to-one correspondence, with a default value of-1;
mode: the search mode for the contour is selected from the following values: CV _ RETR _ EXTERNAL, CV _ RETR _ LIST, CV _ RETR _ CCOMP and CV _ RETR _ TREE, wherein the parameter is set as CV _ RETR _ EXTERNAL;
a method: an approximation method for defining a contour, which can be selected as: CV _ CHAIN _ APPROX _ NONE, CV _ CHAIN _ APPROX _ SIMPLE, CV _ CHAIN _ APPROX _ TC89_ L1, CV _ CHAIN _ APPROX _ TC89_ KCOS, wherein the parameter is set to CV _ CHAIN _ APPROX _ NONE;
point: the offset of all the contour information relative to the corresponding points of the original image is equivalent to adding the offset to each detected contour Point, and Point can also be a negative value;
step 35: in the binarized image obtained after multiple binarizing operations in step 34, if the image has values, the pixels are considered to be connected, a pixel connected region can be formed, each region has a central coordinate and a radius, and according to the central coordinate and the radius, if the pixels are overlapped or connected, the pixels are all put together to form a large connected region, and finally, a plurality of connected regions are divided on the pixel level;
after processing in step 35, the defect point is composed of a plurality of connected pixels at the pixel level;
step 36: judging the distance between edge points of two connected areas on the image coordinate, if the shortest distance is less than minDist (the shortest distance on the identified flaw point outline), then the two connected areas are considered to be continuous, thus judging whether the two connected areas are classified as a group, if so, the two connected areas are taken as a block, otherwise, the two connected areas are considered to be separated connected areas;
step 37: and calculating the size of each block, and regarding the block characteristic as a product flaw point when the value is greater than a set threshold value, wherein the value of the threshold value is 1280 in the application.
Examples
1. Experimental Environment
Operating the system: WIN 10; a development platform: python3.8+ Opencv + Jupyternotebook;
a CPU: quad core (TM) i7, GeForce RTX2060 SUPER.
2. Performance analysis and comparison effects
And (3) performing experiments according to the steps 1-4 in the technical scheme, and comparing the algorithm with a local feature recognition algorithm and a texture extraction algorithm according to results. In the aspect of extracting the defect point features, the local feature recognition algorithm extracts too many feature values, and as shown in table 1, some non-product defect points are also extracted as features. Referring to fig. 3, the color circles or dots on the graph are the identified feature values, and it can be seen from the graph that, in the aspect of extracting the defect feature of some mainstream local feature value extraction algorithms at present, the local feature value extraction algorithm extracts too many feature values, and the defect cannot be correctly identified. Since the texture of the defect point on the product is very similar to the texture of the background, it is very difficult for the texture algorithm to extract the feature of the defect point, and the defect point of the product cannot be identified, as shown in fig. 2.
Table 1: the algorithm of the invention is compared with the characteristic point extracted by the characteristic value algorithm
Sample 1 in table 1 is a video camera capture picture of 92.9K resolution 665 × 1037, 24 bit true color, as shown in fig. 4 (a). After processing, the effect shown in fig. 4(b) is obtained, and marked by a computer program, and a red circle in the picture is a flaw of the product.
Sample 2 is a photograph taken with a camera of size 1.16M, with resolution 4032 x 3024, 24 bit true color, as shown in fig. 5 (a). After the algorithm processing of the invention, the effect of fig. 5(b) is obtained. And (4) marking by a computer program, wherein a red circle in the picture is the flaw point of the product.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents of some features of the invention can be substituted, and any changes, equivalents, improvements and the like, which fall within the spirit and principle of the invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A product surface flaw identification method based on an image processing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting product detection points on a product production line, and shooting products at the monitoring points by using a high-definition camera to obtain images of the products;
step 2: performing gray scale operation on the picture based on the obtained product image to obtain a gray scale image;
and step 3: calculating and outputting the area of the flaw point and the coordinate of the central point on the image by using a flaw point identification algorithm aiming at the gray level image;
and 4, step 4: and triggering a laser marking machine according to the output value, carrying out laser marking on the product, and identifying unqualified characters.
2. The method for identifying the surface defects of the product based on the image processing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation steps of the defect point identification algorithm in step 3 include:
step 31: carrying out normalization quantization processing on an input gray level image;
step 32: setting the size of a Gaussian filter, performing Gaussian convolution operation by using the Gaussian filter, and performing noise reduction processing on the image subjected to normalization quantization processing;
step 33: carrying out binarization operation on the noise-reduced images with different scales, and when the pixel is larger than a set threshold minThreshold for obtaining a pixel corner point of the image, obtaining the pixel corner point of the image, and filtering out the pixel value of a non-defective point in the image;
step 34: calculating a plurality of connected domains by using a library function findContours () of OpenCV for the obtained plurality of processed binary pictures, and calculating the center coordinate and the radius of each connected domain;
step 35: if the pixels are overlapped or connected according to the central coordinates and the radius obtained in the step 34, all the pixels are put together to form a large connected domain, and finally a plurality of connected domains are divided on the pixel level;
step 36: judging the distance between the edge points of the two connected regions, judging whether the two connected regions belong to a group, if so, taking the two connected regions as a block, otherwise, taking the two connected regions as separated connected regions;
step 37: and calculating the size of each block, and regarding the block characteristic as a product flaw when the value is greater than a set threshold value.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the gaussian filter scale value is set to 5.
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