CN113516462A

CN113516462A - Quantum cash settlement system and method based on block chain

Info

Publication number: CN113516462A
Application number: CN202110628095.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡政英; 熊泽平; 黄悦华; 张磊
Original assignee: China Three Gorges University CTGU
Current assignee: China Three Gorges University CTGU
Priority date: 2021-06-06
Filing date: 2021-06-06
Publication date: 2021-10-19

Abstract

A quantum cash settlement system and method based on block chains comprises a quantum cash settlement system, a quantum cash key management system, a quantum cash bank and a quantum cash settlement block chain. A quantum cash settlement method based on block chains comprises a quantum cash withdrawal process, a quantum cash payment process and a quantum cash deposit process. The user can register in a quantum cash settlement system, and can create a quantum cash bank account after the identity and the legality are verified; the user completes quantum signature through the quantum cash key management system, so that quantum cash can be extracted and paid from the quantum cash bank account, or quantum cash is stored in the quantum cash bank account, and all relevant data and settlement records of the user are stored in the quantum cash settlement block chain. The scheme of the invention combines the block chain technology and the quantum encryption technology to ensure the reliability of quantum cash settlement, and theoretically has unconditional safety.

Description

Quantum cash settlement system and method based on block chain

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of computers, particularly relates to the technical field of quanta, and particularly relates to a quantum cash settlement technology based on a block chain.

Background

Cash settlement refers to settlement of goods through direct payment of cash, and bargaining and settlement thereof may occur at the same time. In cash settlement, the settlement process is characterized in that money is handed over by one hand and delivery is carried out by one hand, and physical movement of commodities, value movement of the commodities and ownership transfer are carried out simultaneously. Therefore, the essential characteristic of cash settlement is the movement mode of integrating commodity circulation and logistics, and the opposite movement of commodity circulation and cash circulation can be ensured. However, cash settlement has drawbacks, cannot be used for transactions which are not performed at the same time and the same place, is easily restricted by cash units and purchasing powers of different countries, and is not suitable for bulk transactions.

With the rapid development of the internet and the financial industry, the application of electronic cash is increasingly widespread. Electronic cash is a simulated cash in electronic form that provides cash-like features for online settlement in a number of ways, including convenience, low or zero cost, and bearer. Besides banks, the electronic cash can also be applied to other third-party payment services for electronic path transfer or settlement, so that the transaction place constraint of the traditional cash settlement and the constraint of different national currency units are broken through, and the electronic cash is also suitable for bulk transactions.

However, the existing electronic cash technology still has some disadvantages and problems.

Firstly, the security of the current electronic cash is not high, and the current electronic cash is easy to attack. Due to the development of quantum computing, the Grover algorithm can break the DES encryption system, and the Shor algorithm can break the RSA encryption system, which causes significant risk to the breaking of the encryption and signature technology of electronic cash. Some attackers may also forge electronic cards, steal electronic cash, mix in viruses, or implant a wood card to steal electronic cash account passwords by exploiting vulnerabilities or attack techniques of banking systems or third party settlement systems. This can seriously undermine the security of the electronic cash.

Secondly, the current electronic cash settlement cannot guarantee the anonymity of consumers. In a settlement stage of traditional electronic cash, when asymmetric encryption is often used to verify whether the settlement is legal, a merchant needs to calculate through a public key of a consumer to obtain settlement information of the consumer, that is, the identity of the consumer needs to be known by the merchant. Therefore, it is difficult for the conventional electronic cash to achieve the anonymity and privacy protection of the real cash, and the user of the real cash cannot know which holder or user the held cash has been experienced before.

Third, the current electronic cash has weak capability of solving settlement disputes. In the settlement dispute resolution stage, the third party organization needs to take the private key of the merchant, but the private key exposure has potential safety hazard, and the audit is also influenced if the credibility of the third party organization is enough. Even if the third-party organization is credible, when the merchant complains with the user, the third-party organization can only check the identities of the merchant and the user, cannot collect enough evidence for auditing, and the centralized settlement data is easy to tamper.

Fourth, the current electronic cash needs to be improved in information processing efficiency. The current electronic cash settlement is mainly based on a centralized architecture, and the performance bottleneck of the centralized architecture is limited by the processing performance of the core server and the database. The online purchase of twenty-one every year often causes instantaneous surge of settlement amount, thereby causing delay of user response and reducing experience quality and settlement efficiency of users.

Cash is an important settlement medium in the market and also a medium for everyone to buy commodities and save wealth. With the continuous development and application of quantum computers and quantum computing, the current electronic cash technology faces huge challenges and risks. However, quantum computing and block-chain techniques also provide an improved way for electronic cash technology to potentially produce a more efficient, secure, and reliable quantum cash method. However, China basically does not have a quantum cash settlement method based on a block chain.

Disclosure of Invention

The quantum cash settlement technology based on the block chain provided by the invention improves the security and efficiency of cash settlement by integrating the technologies such as quantum encryption, the block chain and the like into a cash settlement system.

A quantum cash settlement system based on a block chain comprises a quantum cash settlement system, a quantum cash key management system, a quantum cash bank and a quantum cash settlement block chain;

the quantum cash settlement system provides an official settlement platform for quantum cash settlement for users, the users can register, after the identity and the legality are verified, a quantum cash bank account can be created, the quantum cash settlement can be carried out on the platform, quantum signatures are completed through a quantum cash key management system, quantum cash withdrawal and payment can be completed from the quantum cash bank account, or quantum cash is stored in the quantum cash bank account, and all relevant data and settlement records of the users are stored in a quantum cash settlement block chain;

the quantum cash key management system is used for providing quantum key distribution and key management for quantum cash settlement; when a payer and a payee start to settle accounts, a payer user submits a quantum cash settlement request to a quantum cash settlement system, the quantum cash settlement system responds to the quantum cash settlement request submitted by the payer user and distributes quantum keys to the payer user and the payee user, the payer user signs the settlement information by using the distributed quantum keys, the settlement is agreed and payment authorization is carried out, the quantum cash settlement system transfers the quantum cash settlement amount of corresponding quantity to a payee account, the payee user finishes signing by using the distributed quantum keys, and the settlement transfer is finished;

the quantum cash bank provides a quantum cash account for the user, can provide withdrawal, payment and deposit of quantum cash for the payer user, and provides the deposit of the quantum cash for the payee user; the quantum cash settlement system responds to quantum cash settlement withdrawal, payment and deposit requests submitted by a user, and after the user uses the quantum cash key management system to complete the signature of quantum cash, a quantum cash bank completes transfer payment of quantum cash of a corresponding amount according to the request of the user, wherein the quantum cash transfer payment of the corresponding amount is carried out from a quantum cash bank account to the user, or the quantum cash of the amount corresponding to a payer user is transferred from a payment account to a payee account, or the quantum cash deposit of the user is stored in the quantum cash bank account of the user;

the quantum cash settlement block chain is used for storing all relevant information such as user information, settlement records, account balance and the like, and the quantum cash settlement system can automatically store the time, the payer, the payee and the settlement amount in settlement to the quantum cash settlement block chain; the quantum cash bank can store the withdrawal, payment and deposit conditions in the quantum cash settlement of the user into a quantum cash settlement block chain; when disputes occur in the settlement process, the quantum cash settlement block chain enters an auditing stage, all blocks in the quantum cash settlement block chain perform consensus calculation according to settlement records, payers, payees and other related records and evidences in the quantum cash settlement block chain, and perform judgment according to consensus results, so that legal benefits of users are guaranteed.

A quantum cash settlement method based on block chain comprises three main steps;

step 1, quantum cash is extracted; before settlement, a user firstly enters a quantum cash settlement system to complete registration and login, after the user inputs related information, the quantum cash settlement system QECAh performs identity verification, if the user information meets all requirements and legality, a quantum key is distributed and checked by a quantum cash key management system, and if the quantum key is correctly distributed, the registration is successful; a quantum cash settlement system QECAh creates an account for the user on a quantum cash bank; then, the user can log in a quantum cash settlement system QECAh to carry out the operations of quantum cash extraction, payment and deposit; the quantum cash settlement system QECAh helps a user to withdraw quantum cash of corresponding amount from a quantum cash bank and saves the withdrawal result in a quantum cash settlement block chain;

step 2, payment of quantum cash; when settlement is carried out, a payer user and a payee user both need to log in a quantum cash settlement system, and need to finish quantum cash payment when settlement is finished, the payer user uses a quantum cash key management system to carry out quantum signature, so that quantum cash of a corresponding amount on a quantum cash bank account can be paid to the quantum cash bank account of the payee through the quantum cash settlement system, the payee user uses the quantum cash key management system to carry out quantum signature and confirms the payment, and finally, a payment result is stored in a quantum cash settlement block chain;

step 3, depositing quantum cash; after settlement is finished, the payee user can deposit quantum cash into the quantum cash bank account; before settlement, the payer user can also deposit quantum cash into the quantum cash bank account for payment in the next settlement; the quantum cash settlement system can store deposit results of a payee user or a payer user in a quantum cash settlement block chain; the quantum cash deposit can be carried out with or without quantum cash key management system for quantum signature, and preferably, the payer or the payee who logs in correctly can implement quantum signature without the quantum cash key management system during deposit.

In the quantum cash withdrawal step 1, firstly, a user is required to complete identity authentication, then a quantum entanglement state is constructed between the user and a quantum cash settlement system QECAh, whether a quantum channel between the user and the quantum cash settlement system QECAh is safe or not is detected, only the user with quantum particles in the entanglement state can be considered as a legal quantum cash user, and the user passing the identity authentication can become a payer or a payee of the quantum cash; the quantum cash settlement system QECAh establishes an account for the user on a quantum cash bank, and authorizes the user account to pay quantum cash on a quantum cash bank QBank;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.1, before a single user Alice withdraws, pays or deposits the quantum cash, identity authentication is carried out on a quantum cash settlement system QECAh; a user who does not obtain a legal identity must register first, personal identity information is filled in a quantum cash settlement system QECAh during registration, and then the quantum cash settlement system QECAh verifies the identity information; preferably, after the verification is successful, the quantum cash settlement system QECash creates an account for the user Alice in the quantum cash bank QBank;

quantum cash extraction step 1.2, a quantum channel is created by a quantum cash settlement system QECAh; firstly, a quantum cash settlement system QECAh calls a quantum cash key management system KDM to prepare a multi-particle entangled state, and the multi-particle entangled state is distributed to a single user Alice and a quantum cash bank QBank by the quantum cash key management system KDM; quantum cash key management system KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | b1>_B、|b2>_BSending to QBank of quantum cash bank to entangle multi-particle | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

each set of multi-particle entanglement states generated by the quantum cash key management system KDM may be described as:

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.3, quantum channel security detection; a quantum cash key management system KDM randomly selects M-N (M > N) entangled particles from M groups of multi-particle entangled states for measurement; the user Alice and the quantum cash bank QBank also measure the correspondingly numbered entangled particles in the opponent in the + x direction or the-x direction, and disclose the measurement results of the comparing three parties in a classical channel;

quantum cash extraction step 1.4, a quantum cash key management system KDM, a quantum cash bank QBank and a user Alice publish numbers and measurement results of the entangled particles in a classical channel; if the measurement errors of the entangled particles are compared to meet a predetermined relevance threshold, the security detection of the quantum channel is considered to be qualified, the quantum cash key management system KDM informs a quantum cash settlement system QECAh of the security detection result, and the next step 1.5 is carried out; if the measurement error of the quantum channel exceeds a predetermined relevance threshold, the identity authentication is unsuccessful, the identity authentication is terminated, and the user cannot obtain the quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit rights; the legal user which is successfully registered does not need to be registered again, only a quantum cash bank QBAnk account needs to be logged in through a quantum cash settlement system QECAh each time, and the extraction step is completed according to the subsequent steps;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.5, quantum key distribution and sharing; at the moment, a safe quantum channel is established among the quantum cash key management system KDM, the user and the QBank of the quantum cash bank; the quantum cash key management system KDM divides the remaining multi-particle entangled states into entangled particle groups, each entangled particle group containing M (M)>N) a plurality of multi-particle entangled states that can be used as a secure quantum key for digital signatures required by three parties for quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit; wherein, quantum key K is shared by the quantum cash key management system KDM and the user Alice_ADUser Alice and quantum cash bank QBank share quantum key K_AB；

Quantum cash withdrawal step 1.6, sending a request for withdrawing quantum cash to a quantum cash settlement system QECAh by a user Alice; information I of user Alice to quantum cash holder_AAnd quantum cash S_AUsing quantum key K_ADSigning is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum signature algorithm

The results are reported as

Meanwhile, the user Alice sends the signature result to a quantum cash key management system KDM to request for the quantumCash S_AExtracting;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.7, quantum key K is used by quantum cash key management system KDM_ABEncryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum encryption algorithm

The results are reported as

And sends the result to the QBank of the quantum cash bank;

quantum cash extraction step 1.8, quantum cash bank QBank receives user Alice signed quantum cash S forwarded by quantum cash key management system KDM_AAfter the request for extraction, i.e.

Using K_ABDecryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum decryption algorithm

The results are reported as

And sending the measurement result to a KDM of a quantum cash key management system;

quantum cash extraction step 1.9, receiving measurement result sent by quantum cash bank QBank by quantum cash key management system KDM, and using quantum key K_ADDecryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum encryption algorithm

The results are reported as

The KDM of the quantum cash key management system compares whether the measurement result is correct or not; if the result is correct, the quantum cash key management system KDM confirms that the user Alice withdraws the quantum cash S_AAnd sends a confirmation to the settlement system QECash of the child cashConfirming the information, and turning to the step 1.10; otherwise, the quantum cash key management system KDM refuses the user Alice to withdraw the quantum cash S_ASending a rejection message to a quantum cash settlement system QECAh, and stopping the quantum cash withdrawal process;

quantum cash extraction step 1.10, the quantum cash settlement system QECash receives the confirmation message sent by the quantum cash key management system KDM, and then sends the confirmation message to a quantum cash bank QBank, and the quantum cash bank QBank adjusts the quantum cash information of the user Alice account, so that the user Alice can extract the real quantum cash of the corresponding amount; the realization form of the real quantum cash is agreed by QBank of a quantum cash bank in advance, and legal currency, or a voucher, or other legal cash forms which are consistent with the corresponding quantum cash are used; preferably, the quantum cash can be directly printed, the code ID of the quantum cash and the hash value of the accounting block of the quantum cash in the latest settlement can be printed for inquiring in the settlement, and because a new block needs to be created for re-accounting in each settlement of the hash value, the repeated use and repeated inquiry in each settlement are avoided;

the quantum cash extraction step 1.11, the QBank sends the modified quantum cash information to a quantum cash settlement block chain for distributed storage, the quantum cash settlement block chain uses a plurality of blocks with scattered geographic positions for accounting, the account book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the blocks cannot be tampered after accounting; if the quantum cash withdrawal cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the legality of the quantum cash withdrawal is determined by all bookkeeping nodes in the quantum cash settlement block chain through a consensus algorithm, the quantum cash withdrawal data inconsistent with most of the bookkeeping nodes is automatically rejected by most of the bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash withdrawal bookkeeping is automatically rejected.

In the quantum cash payment process of the step 2, firstly, a legal registered user of a quantum cash payment system QECAh of a quantum cash payer and a payee Charlie must be ensured to pass legal identity authentication; if one party is an illegal user, the quantum cash payment can not be implemented; the method comprises the steps that a user Alice submits a payment request to a quantum cash settlement system QECAh, a payee Charlie submits a collection account to the quantum cash settlement system QECAh, and the payment process from the payment account to the collection account is realized through a quantum cash bank QBank; the quantum cash settlement system QECAh plays a role in supervision in the whole process of taking, paying and depositing, protects the privacy of a user, can intervene to provide audit for both paying parties when the user is deceived or the system is in error, and assumes that a user Alice is a payer, the object of collection is a quantum cash receiver Charlie, and the specific process of quantum cash payment is as follows;

quantum cash payment step 2.1, quantum cash payer Alice vector quantum cash settlement system QECAh proposes quantum cash S_AA request to pay Charlie to the payee; the quantum cash settlement system QECAh prepares a shared quantum key K for the quantum cash payer Alice and the quantum cash payee Charlie through a quantum cash key management system KDM according to the payment request_ADAnd K_CD；

A quantum cash payment step 2.2, preparing and distributing a GHZ triplet by a quantum cash key management system KDM, so that each of a quantum cash settlement system QECAh, a quantum cash payer Alice and a payee Charlie has one particle in the GHZ state

Quantum cash key management system KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | c1>_C、|c2>_CSending to Charlie quantum cash receiver to entangle multiple particles in state | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

quantum cash payment step 2.3, quantum cash user Alice preparation and quantum cash S_ACorresponding qubit string, denoted as | Ψ (S)_A)>(ii) a The above-mentionedThe quantum cash is different from classical cash, the quantum cash code ID and quantum cash information are described by using a quantum state, and the quantum state of the quantum cash conforms to the basic principle of quantum mechanics and has entanglement, superposition and non-cloning properties;

quantum cash payment step 2.4, quantum cash user Alice uses the agreed quantum encryption algorithm and quantum key K_ADEncryption quantum cash holder information I_AAnd quantum cash bit string | Ψ (S)_A)>As a result of

Quantum cash payment step 2.5, quantum cash user Alice measures the quantum cash bits and the triplet state particles in his/her own hand using Bell measurement basis, where R is the measurement basis_A；

Quantum cash payment step 2.6, quantum cash user Alice uses quantum key K_ADFor encrypted quantum cash bit string

And measuring the radical R_APerforming quantum signature, and expressing the signature result as

Sending the signed quantum cash payment information to a quantum cash payee Charlie;

quantum cash payment step 2.7, receiving quantum cash payment information signed by quantum cash payer Charlie by quantum cash payee

The quantum cash register Charlie uses the measuring base in the x direction to measure each GHZ particle of the quantum cash register Charlie, and the measuring result of all the particles is recorded as R in the + x direction or the-x direction_C；

Quantum cash payment step 2.8, quantum cash collectionSquare Charlie uses quantum key K_CDEncryption of R_CAnd quantum cash payment information

The results are reported as

And sends to the quantum cash key management system (102) a KDM indicating the quantum cash S willing to accept the payment_A；

Quantum cash payment step 2.9, quantum cash key management system KDM using quantum key K after receiving message of receiving quantum cash payment by Charlie at payee_CDDecrypted to obtain R_EAnd

further, quantum cash key management system KDM uses quantum key K_ADDecryption

Thereby obtaining I_A,|Ψ(S_A)>R and R_AAnd quantum cash S of the payment can be obtained_A(ii) a Quantum cash settlement system QECAh retrieves quantum cash settlement block chain and judges quantum cash S_AThe validity of (2); if the quantum cash is legal, confirming the quantum cash payment, and turning to the step 2.10; if the quantum cash is illegal or does not accord with the consensus of all blocks of the quantum cash settlement block chain, automatically considering the quantum cash payment as illegal, and terminating the quantum cash payment service;

quantum cash payment step 2.10, quantum cash key management system KDM selecting measurement basis to measure own GHZ particles, and recording the measurement result as R_DAnd using a quantum key K_CDEncryption of R_A，R_C，R_DQuantum cash holder information I_AAnd quantum cash | Ψ (S)_A)>The result is recorded as

Sending the result to a quantum cash payee Charlie to show that the system confirms the legality of the quantum cash payment;

payment step 2.11 of quantum cash, quantum key K is used by Charlie of quantum cash payee_CDDecryption

Obtaining the parameter R_A,R_C,R_D,I_A,|Ψ(S_A)>(ii) a If the measurement result meets the characteristics of the GHZ triplet state, the quantum cash payee Charlie receives the quantum cash, confirms the signature of the quantum cash payer Alice, and then the step 2.12 is carried out; otherwise, the quantum cash payment is invalid, and the payment process is stopped;

and 2.12, the quantum cash payment step 2.12, the quantum cash settlement system QECAh receives the confirmation message sent by the quantum cash key management system KDM, the confirmation message is sent to a quantum cash bank QBank, the quantum cash bank QBank transfers the quantum cash of the corresponding amount from the payer Alice account to the payee Charlie account according to the quantum cash payment information, and the quantum cash holder information I is modified_A；

A quantum cash payment step 2.13, sending a payment completion message to a quantum cash settlement block chain for distributed storage by a quantum cash bank QBank, wherein the quantum cash settlement block chain uses a plurality of blocks with scattered geographic positions for accounting, account book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the blocks cannot be tampered after accounting; if the quantum cash payment cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the legality of quantum cash withdrawal is determined by all bookkeeping nodes in the quantum cash settlement block chain through a consensus algorithm, quantum cash payment data inconsistent with most of bookkeeping nodes are automatically rejected by most of bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash payment bookkeeping is automatically rejected.

A quantum cash settlement method based on block chain, the said deposit course of quantum cash of step 3, deposit the quantum cash submitted this time in quantum cash bank QBank, and record this deposit result; if the deposit information is to be modified, the approval of all blocks on the quantum cash settlement block chain is needed, and the accounts on all the blocks are modified; further, the more blocks there are deposited, the more difficult it is to modify the deposit information; the method comprises the following specific steps:

quantum cash deposit step 3.1, the quantum cash depositor Alice submits a deposit request to a quantum cash settlement system QECAh; the quantum cash settlement system QECAh collects the quantum cash | Ψ (S) of the withdrawal, payment and deposit_A)>Sending the data to a quantum cash bank QBank;

a quantum cash deposit step 3.2, checking whether particles held by a quantum cash depositor Alice and a quantum cash bank QBank accord with GHZ triplet states or not by using a quantum cash key management system KDM through a quantum cash settlement system QECAh; if the quantum cash bank is in accordance with the credit account information, the QBank of the quantum cash bank modifies the information of the quantum cash holder and the information of the deposit account, and the next step is carried out; otherwise, the quantum cash deposit fails, the quantum cash information is not modified, and the deposit information is directly sent to a quantum cash settlement block chain for consensus and audit;

quantum cash deposit step 3.3, the QBank of the quantum cash bank modifies the information of a quantum cash holder and the information of a deposit account, sends the modified quantum cash information to a quantum cash settlement block chain to book the deposit, the quantum cash settlement block chain uses a plurality of block nodes with scattered geographic positions to book the deposit, the deposit book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the deposit book information cannot be tampered after the book is booked; preferably, the printed quantum cash can be directly deposited, the quantum cash settlement block chain checks the coded ID of the quantum cash and the hash value of the accounting block of the quantum cash in the latest settlement, and correspondingly modifies the information of the accounting block of the deposit;

a quantum cash deposit step 3.4, the QBank sends deposit results and accounting information to a quantum cash settlement block chain for consensus and audit, and the quantum cash settlement block chain searches whether the information on all blocks is consistent; if all blocks are identified in a consistent manner, the deposit audit is in accordance with the requirement, and the quantum cash deposit service is confirmed to be qualified; if the quantum cash deposit cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the quantum cash settlement block chain automatically decides, all bookkeeping blocks determine whether the quantum cash deposit is legal or not through a consensus algorithm, quantum cash deposit data inconsistent with most bookkeeping nodes are automatically rejected by most bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash deposit requests are automatically rejected.

By adopting the technical scheme, the following technical effects can be brought:

1) the scheme of the invention can improve the security of the cash settlement system to a great extent. The quantum cash scheme is based on the inaccurate measurement principle and the unclonable principle of quantum mechanics, so that quantum cash can not be forged basically, and the safety can be improved greatly. The quantum cash can prevent the coding and key technology of the electronic cash from being cracked, and can also effectively prevent quantum attack caused by quantum computing.

2) The scheme of the invention ensures the anonymity of settlement by a quantum encryption technology. In the settlement process, the settlement records can be seen only by both parties of the settlement, and the merchant cannot see the private information of the user. In the settlement process, the generated keys are all completed through quantum encryption technology, and a settlement party of quantum cash can confirm that two distrusted settlement parties participate in the cash settlement, but cannot know the privacy and personal information of the other party. The block chain distributed storage technology of the scheme allows a user to inquire public settlement information, but cannot know privacy information of the quantum cash, for example, holder information of the quantum cash is quantum encrypted.

3) The scheme of the invention can automatically process settlement disputes. And distributed storage is carried out in the block chain when the quantum cash settlement is finished. The reading of the blockchain can be near or far, and the local offline blockchain copy of a user is convenient to access. The block chain system supervises the whole settlement process, only when disputes occur, the block chain system intervenes in auditing, disputes between two parties are solved by a consensus algorithm of all blocks, and cash settlement inconsistent with most block bookings is rejected. The printed quantum cash can protect the privacy of users and simultaneously realize inquiry and arbitration of transaction conflicts by means of the blockchain.

4) The scheme of the invention can process various data generated in the system in a large scale and high efficiency. The invention uses quantum parallel algorithm, which can greatly improve the computing speed. The quantum signature algorithm in the technical scheme has unconditional safety, and the safety is unrelated to the performance and complexity of the algorithm, so that the quantum signature algorithm is suitable for rapidly processing large-scale cash settlement data. The technical scheme is decentralized, the operation performance is not limited by a core server or a database, and the working effectiveness of the whole quantum cash block chain cannot be influenced even if a certain accounting block fails.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of operation of the present invention;

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, a quantum cash settlement system based on block chain includes a quantum cash settlement system, a quantum cash key management system, a quantum cash bank, a quantum cash settlement block chain;

the quantum cash settlement system can provide quantum cash settlement for a user, the user registers through the quantum cash settlement system, and after the identity and the legality are verified, a quantum cash bank account is created, and then the quantum cash settlement can be carried out;

the quantum cash key management system is used for quantum signature, and quantum cash withdrawal and payment are completed from a quantum cash bank account after the quantum signature is completed; or quantum cash is deposited into a quantum cash bank account;

the quantum cash settlement block chain is used for storing data and settlement records of users.

The quantum cash secret key management system is used for providing quantum secret key distribution and secret key management for quantum cash settlement; when a payer and a payee start to settle accounts, a payer user submits a quantum cash settlement request to a quantum cash settlement system, the quantum cash settlement system responds to the quantum cash settlement request submitted by the payer user and distributes quantum keys to the payer user and the payee user, the payer user signs the settlement information by using the distributed quantum keys, the settlement is agreed and payment authorization is carried out, the quantum cash settlement system transfers the quantum cash settlement amount of corresponding quantity to a payee account, the payee user finishes signing by using the distributed quantum keys, and the settlement transfer is finished.

The quantum cash bank provides a quantum cash account for the user, provides withdrawal, payment and deposit of quantum cash for the payer user, and provides the deposit of the quantum cash for the payee user; the quantum cash settlement system responds to quantum cash settlement withdrawal, payment and deposit requests submitted by a user, and after the user uses the quantum cash key management system to complete the signature of quantum cash, a quantum cash bank completes transfer payment of quantum cash of a corresponding amount according to the request of the user.

The quantum cash settlement block chain is used for storing all relevant information such as user information, settlement records, account balance and the like; the quantum cash settlement system can automatically save the time, the payer, the payee and the settlement amount in the settlement to a quantum cash settlement block chain; the quantum cash bank can store the withdrawal, payment and deposit conditions in the quantum cash settlement of the user into a quantum cash settlement block chain; when disputes occur in the settlement process, the quantum cash settlement block chain enters an auditing stage, all blocks in the quantum cash settlement block chain perform consensus calculation according to settlement records, payers, payees and other related records and evidences in the quantum cash settlement block chain, and perform judgment according to consensus results, so that legal benefits of users are guaranteed.

A quantum cash settlement method based on block chain comprises three steps;

step 1, quantum cash is extracted;

step 2, payment of quantum cash;

step 3, depositing quantum cash;

in step 1, before settlement, a user firstly enters a settlement system of quantum cash to complete registration and login, after the user inputs related information, the settlement system QECAh of the quantum cash performs identity verification, if the user information meets all requirements and legality, a quantum key is distributed and security check is performed by a quantum cash key management system, and if the quantum key is correctly distributed, the registration is successful; a quantum cash settlement system QECAh creates an account for the user on a quantum cash bank; then, the user can log in a quantum cash settlement system QECAh to carry out the operations of quantum cash extraction, payment and deposit; the quantum cash settlement system QECash helps a user to withdraw a corresponding amount of quantum cash from a quantum cash bank and saves the withdrawal result in a quantum cash settlement block chain.

In step 1, the method for extracting quantum cash includes the following steps:

quantum cash withdrawal procedure1.2, a quantum cash settlement system QECAh creates a quantum channel; firstly, a quantum cash settlement system QECAh calls a quantum cash key management system KDM to prepare a multi-particle entangled state, and the multi-particle entangled state is distributed to a single user Alice and a quantum cash bank QBank by the quantum cash key management system KDM; quantum cash key management system KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | b1>_B、|b2>_BSending to QBank of quantum cash bank to entangle multi-particle | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.3, quantum channel security detection; the quantum cash key management system 102KDM randomly selects M-N (M > N) entangled particles from the M groups of multi-particle entangled states for measurement; the user Alice and the quantum cash bank 103QBank also measure the correspondingly numbered entangled particles in the opponent in the + x direction or the-x direction, and disclose the measurement results of the comparing three parties in the classical channel;

quantum cash extraction step 1.4, quantum cash key management system 102KDM, quantum cash bank 103QBank and user Alice publish numbers and measurement results of the entangled particles in a classical channel; if the measurement errors of the entangled particles are compared to meet a predetermined relevance threshold, the security detection of the quantum channel is considered to be qualified, the quantum cash key management system 102KDM informs the security detection result to a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh, and the next step 1.5 is carried out; if the measurement error of the quantum channel exceeds a predetermined relevance threshold, the identity authentication is unsuccessful, the identity authentication is terminated, and the user cannot obtain the quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit rights; the legal user which is successfully registered does not need to be registered again, only a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh is needed to log in a quantum cash bank 103QBank account each time, and the extraction step is completed according to the subsequent steps;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.5, quantum key distribution and sharing; at the moment, a safe quantum channel is established among the quantum cash key management system 102KDM, the user and the quantum cash bank 103 QBank; the quantum cash key management system 102KDM separates the remaining multi-particle entangled states into groups of entangled particles, each group of entangled particles containing M (M)>N) a plurality of multi-particle entangled states that can be used as a secure quantum key for digital signatures required by three parties for quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit; wherein, the quantum cash key management system 102KDM shares the quantum key K with the user Alice_ADThe user Alice and the Quantum Cash Bank 103QBank share the Quantum Key K_AB；

Quantum cash withdrawal step 1.6, sending a request for withdrawing quantum cash to a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh by a user Alice; information I of user Alice to quantum cash holder_AAnd quantum cash S_AUsing quantum key K_ADSigning is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum signature algorithm

The results are reported as

Meanwhile, the user Alice sends the signature result to the quantum cash key management system 102KDM to request for the quantum cash S_AExtracting;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.7, quantum key K is used by quantum cash key management system 102KDM_ABEncryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum encryption algorithm

The results are reported as

And sends the result to the quantum cash bank 103 QBank;

extraction step 1.8 of quantum cash, quantum cash and silverLine 103QBank receives the quantum cash S signed by the user Alice forwarded by the quantum cash key management system 102KDM_AAfter the request for extraction, i.e.

The results are reported as

And sends the measurement result to the quantum cash key management system 102 KDM;

quantum cash extraction step 1.9, receiving measurement result sent by quantum cash bank 103QBank by quantum cash key management system 102KDM, using quantum key K_ATDecryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum encryption algorithm

The results are reported as

The quantum cash key management system 102KDM compares whether the measurement result is correct; if the result is correct, the quantum cash key management system 102KDM confirms that the user Alice withdraws the quantum cash S_AThe request and the quantum signature are carried out, confirmation information is sent to a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh, and the step 1.10 is carried out; otherwise, the quantum cash key management system 102KDM refuses the user Alice to withdraw the quantum cash S_AAnd sends a rejection message to the quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh, and the quantum cash withdrawal process is stopped;

quantum cash extraction step 1.10, the quantum cash settlement system 101QECash receives the confirmation message sent by the quantum cash key management system 102KDM, and then sends the confirmation message to the quantum cash bank 103QBank, the quantum cash bank 103QBank adjusts the quantum cash information of the user Alice account, and the user Alice can extract the corresponding amount of real quantum cash; the realization form of the real quantum cash is agreed by the QBank of the quantum cash bank 103 in advance, and legal currency, or a voucher, or other legal cash forms which are consistent with the corresponding quantum cash are used; preferably, the quantum cash can be directly printed, the code ID of the quantum cash and the hash value of the accounting block of the quantum cash in the latest settlement can be printed for inquiring in the settlement, and because a new block needs to be created for re-accounting in each settlement of the hash value, the repeated use and repeated inquiry in each settlement are avoided;

quantum cash extraction step 1.11, sending the modified quantum cash information to a quantum cash settlement block chain 104 for distributed storage by a quantum cash bank 103QBank, wherein the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 uses a plurality of blocks with scattered geographic positions for accounting, and the account book information on all the blocks is consistent and cannot be tampered after accounting; if the quantum cash withdrawal cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the legality of the quantum cash withdrawal is determined by all the accounting nodes in the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 through a consensus algorithm, the quantum cash withdrawal data inconsistent with most accounting nodes is automatically rejected by most accounting nodes, and illegal quantum cash withdrawal bookings are automatically rejected.

In step 2, when the quantum cash payment is performed, the following steps are adopted:

quantum cash payment step 2.1, quantum cash payer Alice vector quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh proposes quantum cash S_AA request to pay Charlie to the payee; the quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh prepares a shared quantum key K for the quantum cash payer Alice and the quantum cash payee Charlie through the quantum cash key management system 102KDM according to the payment request_ADAnd K_CD；

A quantum cash payment step 2.2, preparing and distributing GHZ triplet by a quantum cash key management system 102KDM, and enabling each person of a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh, a quantum cash payer Alice and a payee Charlie to have one particle in GHZ state

Quantum cash key management system 102KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | c1>_C、|c2>_CSending to Charlie quantum cash receiver to entangle multiple particles in state | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

quantum cash payment step 2.3, quantum cash user Alice preparation and quantum cash S_ACorresponding qubit string, denoted as | Ψ (S)_A)>(ii) a The quantum cash is different from classical cash, the quantum cash code ID and quantum cash information are described by using a quantum state, and the quantum state of the quantum cash conforms to the basic principle of quantum mechanics and has entanglement, superposition and non-cloning properties;

Payment step 2.8 of quantum cash, quantum key K is used by Charlie of quantum cash payee_CDEncryption of R_CAnd quantum cash payment information

The results are reported as

And sent to the quantum cash key management system 102KDM, representing the quantum cash S willing to accept the payment_A；

Quantum cash payment step 2.9, the quantum cash key management system 102KDM uses the quantum key K after receiving the message that the payee Charlie accepts the quantum cash payment_CDDecrypted to obtain R_EAnd

further, the quantum cash key management system 102KDM uses the quantum key K_ADDecryption

Thereby obtaining I_A,|Ψ(S_A)>R and R_AAnd quantum cash S of the payment can be obtained_A(ii) a The quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh searches the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 and judges the quantum cash S_AThe validity of (2); if the quantum cash is legal, confirming the quantum cash payment, and turning to the step 2.10; if the quantum cash is illegal or does not accord with the consensus of all the blocks of the quantum cash settlement block chain 104, automatically considering the quantum cash payment as illegal, and terminating the quantum cash payment service;

quantum cash payment step 2.10, quantum cash key management system 102KDM selecting measurement basis to measure own GHZ particles, and recording the measurement result as R_DAnd using a quantum key K_CDEncryption of R_A，R_C，R_DQuantum cash holder information I_AAnd quantum cash | Ψ (S)_A)>The result is recorded as

quantum cash payment step 2.12, quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh receiving quantum cash key pipeThe confirmation message sent by the processing system 102KDM is sent to the quantum cash bank 103QBank, the quantum cash bank 103QBank transfers the quantum cash of the corresponding amount from the payer Alice account to the payee Charlie account according to the quantum cash payment information, and modifies the quantum cash holder information I_A；

A quantum cash payment step 2.13, the quantum cash bank 103QBank sends a payment completion message to a quantum cash settlement block chain 104 for distributed storage, the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 uses a plurality of blocks with scattered geographic positions for accounting, account book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the blocks cannot be tampered after accounting; if the quantum cash payment cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the legality of quantum cash withdrawal is determined by all the billing nodes in the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 through a consensus algorithm, quantum cash payment data inconsistent with most of the billing nodes are automatically rejected by most of the billing nodes, and illegal quantum cash payment bookkeeping is automatically rejected.

When quantum cash is deposited, the following steps are adopted:

quantum cash deposit step 3.1, the quantum cash depositor Alice submits a deposit request to a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh; the quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh collects, pays and deposits quantum cash | Ψ (S) at this time_A)>Sending to quantum cash bank 103 QBank;

a quantum cash depositing step 3.2, the quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh uses a quantum cash key management system 102KDM to check whether the particles held by a quantum cash depositor Alice and a quantum cash bank 103QBank accord with GHZ triplet state; if the quantum cash bank is in accordance with the quantum cash bank 103QBank, the quantum cash holder information and the deposit account information are modified, and the next step is carried out; otherwise, the quantum cash deposit fails, the quantum cash information is not modified, and the deposit information is directly sent to the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 for consensus and audit;

quantum cash deposit step 3.3, the quantum cash bank 103QBank modifies the quantum cash holder information and the deposit account information, sends the modified quantum cash information to the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 to book the deposit, the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 uses a plurality of block nodes with scattered geographic positions to book the deposit, the deposit book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the deposit book information cannot be tampered after the book is booked; preferably, the printed quantum cash can be directly deposited, the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 checks the coded ID of the quantum cash and the hash value of the accounting block of the quantum cash in the latest settlement, and correspondingly modifies the information of the accounting block of the deposit;

a quantum cash deposit step 3.4, the quantum cash bank 103QBank sends deposit results and accounting information to the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 for consensus and audit, and the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 searches whether the information on all blocks is consistent; if all blocks are identified in a consistent manner, the deposit audit is in accordance with the requirement, and the quantum cash deposit service is confirmed to be qualified; if the quantum cash deposit cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 decides the quantum cash deposit, all bookkeeping blocks determine whether the quantum cash deposit is legal or not through a consensus algorithm, quantum cash deposit data inconsistent with most bookkeeping nodes are automatically rejected by most bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash deposit requests are automatically rejected.

A quantum cash withdrawal method, comprising the steps of:

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.1, before a single user Alice withdraws, pays or deposits the quantum cash, the identity authentication is carried out on a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh; a user who does not obtain a legal identity must register first, personal identity information is filled in a quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh during registration, and then the quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh checks the identity information; preferably, after the audit is successful, the quantum cash settlement system 101QECash creates an account for the user Alice in the quantum cash bank 103 QBank;

quantum cash extraction step 1.2, the quantum cash settlement system 101 QECAh creates a quantum channel; settlement system 101Q with quantum cashECash calls a quantum cash key management system KDM102 to prepare a multi-particle entangled state, and the multi-particle entangled state is distributed to a single user Alice and a quantum cash bank 103QBank by the quantum cash key management system 102 KDM; quantum cash key management system 102KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | b1>_B、|b2>_BSending to QBank 103 to entangle the multi-particle state | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

each set of multi-particle entangled states generated by the quantum cash key management system 102KDM may be described as:

The results are reported as

The results are reported as

And sends the result to the quantum cash bank 103 QBank;

quantum cash extraction step 1.8, receiving user Alice sign forwarded by quantum cash key management system 102KDM by quantum cash bank 103QBankName-to-quantum cash S_AAfter the request for extraction, i.e.

The results are reported as

The results are reported as

A method of quantum cash payment, comprising the steps of:

The results are reported as

quantum cash payment step 2.12, the quantum cash settlement system 101QECash receives the confirmation message sent by the quantum cash key management system 102KDM, then the quantum cash bank 103QBank sends the confirmation message,the quantum cash bank 103QBank transfers the quantum cash of the corresponding amount from the payer Alice account to the payee Charlie account according to the quantum cash payment information, and modifies the quantum cash holder information I_A；

Further, more specifically:

the quantum cash settlement system 101 is installed on a third party settlement platform, and if a user needs to settle quantum cash, the user can register on the quantum cash settlement system 101 of official quantum cash of the quantum cash settlement system and fill in relevant registration information. The system can verify the identity information and the legality of the system, and quantum cash settlement can be carried out on the platform after the verification is passed.

In the quantum cash settlement system 101, the client preferably uses a computer with the following parameters: NVIDIA GeForce 1060 memory: ddr 4360016 GB solid state disk 512G, and official settlement platform client software is installed; furthermore, a smart phone with a touch screen can be used for carrying out light-weight and simplified operation, and official settlement platform software of a mobile phone end is installed.

In the quantum cash settlement system 101, the background server preferentially uses the memory of the 8 XXeon E7-8880 v3 rack-mounted server with the capacity of not less than 128GB standard hard disk of 1.2T, and mainly receives the request transmitted from the client; preferably, more than two servers are used for redundancy operations.

The quantum cash key management system 102 establishes a secure quantum channel for quantum cash settlement, can prepare and distribute multi-particle entangled particles, and is applied to quantum signature and identity verification in a settlement stage. Preferably, existing quantum computer technology and existing quantum communication technology are used, including superconducting quantum computer, optical quantum computer, BB84 protocol, GHZ entanglement protocol; further, to prevent quantum attacks, the quantum cash key management system 102 has three or more ports for preparing three or more multi-particle quantum entanglements for the three or more users to perform security detection on the quantum channels. Further, the quantum cash key management system 102 can agree on the measurement error size in advance, so as to disclose the measurement results of the comparing three parties in the quantum cash settlement, and if the results satisfy the agreed error size in advance, the quantum states can be considered to have relevance, i.e. the quantum channel is safe. Furthermore, the quantum cash key management system 102 is configured to prepare more than three multi-particle quantum entanglement, and after the security detection is finished, enough remaining multi-entangled particles are shared by three communication parties, so that the multi-particle quantum key management system is used for quantum signatures required by quantum cash settlement, and enough quantum particles are provided for entangled states of quantum cash.

The quantum cash bank 103 is installed in a bank, can exchange quantum cash and entity cash, and provides counter operation and entity cash operation for a user. The quantum cash bank 103 is connected with the quantum cash settlement system 101; when the users of both parties submit settlement requests to the quantum cash settlement system 101, the quantum cash settlement system 101 forwards the quantum cash settlement requests to the quantum cash bank 103, and after the users use the quantum cash key management system 102 to sign and express that payment authorization is agreed, the quantum cash bank 103 can transfer the corresponding settlement amount to the account of the opposite party to finish the quantum cash settlement.

The client of the quantum cash bank 103 preferentially uses the computer parameters of an Intel core i56500 display card: NVIDIA GeForce 1060 memory: ddr 4360016 GB solid state disk 512G, and official settlement platform client software is installed; furthermore, a smart phone with a touch screen can be used for carrying out light-weight and simplified operation, and official settlement platform software of a mobile phone end is installed; preferably, one user can use only one client, and install the client software of the quantum cash settlement system 101 and the client software of the quantum cash bank 103 at the same time.

The quantum cash bank 103 is characterized in that a background server is of a cluster architecture, most of 8 XXeon E7-8880 v3 rack servers have an internal memory of not less than 128GB standard hard disk capacity of 1.2T, and mainly receive requests transmitted from clients; preferably, more than two servers are used for redundancy operations. Furthermore, the background server also needs to use an optical quantum computer, the number of simultaneously emitted photons is not less than 3, a single user can hold photon quantum states with the number not less than 8 bits, and the existing quantum communication technologies including BB84 protocol and GHZ entanglement protocol are supported; preferably, the optical quantum computer can provide a software and hardware interface with a classical computer so as to convert quantum states into classical states for being processed by the classical computer or convert quantum computing information of the classical computer into quantum states for being used by a background server; the classical computers and the quantum computers in the background server cluster can be interconnected.

The quantum cash settlement block chain 104 is used for storing all relevant information such as user information, settlement records, account balance and the like. Preferably, the computer parameters used are Intel core i56500 display card: NVIDIA GeForce 1060 memory: ddr 4360016 GB solid state disk 512G, and official settlement platform client software is installed; furthermore, a plurality of computers or smart phones are used as blocks in the quantum cash settlement block chain 104, and all the blocks have certain computing power and storage capacity, can record not less than 10,000,000 settlement records and evidences, and provide the expansion capability of not less than 100,000,000 settlement records; all the blocks can communicate with each other, and a consensus algorithm is operated to realize conflict resolution. The blockchain Database priority Oracle Database 12c is used to store personal information of the user and settlement records of the user.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a purchase phase method of the present invention.

When the quantum cash settlement system is used for realizing the step, the quantum cash settlement system 101 is firstly connected with the quantum cash key management system 102, the quantum cash bank 103 and the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 and is connected with the user client to finish the authentication of the user identity. When all modules are connected and the environment is set up, the quantum cash settlement system 101 can run a user identity authentication protocol and algorithm, a user after successful authentication can apply for creating an account by the quantum cash settlement system 101, the quantum cash settlement system 101 sends information to a quantum cash bank 103 connected with the quantum cash settlement system 101 to create an account, and the user can use the created account to perform quantum cash settlement, including quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit.

The quantum cash key management system 102 is connected to a user client, creates different quantum keys for different users, can simultaneously prepare a large number of multi-particle entangled particles, and is divided into entangled particle groups, each entangled particle group containing M (M > N) pairs. The quantum cash key management system 102 transmits the entanglement particle 1 to the first user and transmits the entanglement particle 2 to the quantum cash settlement system 101. In addition, the entangled particles 3 are left to themselves.

Further, the first user and the quantum cash settlement system 101 randomly select their shared key with the quantum cash key management system 102, respectively, and send the quantum state of the key to the quantum cash key management system 102.

Preferably, the user-cash with quantum settlement system 101 converts the key into a measurement base sequence. The measurement criteria are as follows

00 corresponds to the x + direction

01 corresponds to the x-direction

10 corresponds to the y + direction

11 corresponds to the y-direction

Wherein

The user-quantum cash settlement system 101 then measures their respective multi-particle entangled particles using the above measurement criteria.

Further, both the payer and the payee who pay the quantum cash must prevent the user from internally attacking the quantum channel through the authentication of the accounting system 101 for the quantum cash. The quantum cash key management system 102 is connected with a user client and the quantum cash settlement system 101 to jointly complete identity authentication. From the correlation between three particles in the GHZ triplet state, it is known that the particles in the hand of the quantum cash key management system 102 collapse to a certain state as a result of the measurement of the respective multi-particle entangled particles by the user and the quantum cash settlement system 101. The quantum cash key management system 102 can infer the state of the particle in the user's hand from the measurement basis selected by the user-and-quantum cash settlement system 101. If the probability that the inferred result is the same as the self-measured result meets the requirement, the identity of the user-user and the identity of the quantum cash settlement system 101 can be judged to be real. If the first user and the quantum cash settlement system 101 are true in identity, the quantum cash key management system 102 informs the first user and the quantum cash settlement system 101 of the own measurement result through a classical channel, and continues to execute the following operations; if the authentication fails to abort the communication.

Preferably, the user can also authenticate the identity of the quantum cash bank 103 with the quantum cash settlement system 101 and the quantum cash key management system 102. Firstly, a user I and a quantum cash bank 103 publish respective measurement bases through a classical channel, and then the user I and the quantum cash bank 103 can respectively deduce whether the identity of the quantum cash bank 103 is real or not according to the result deduced according to the relevance of three particles in a GHZ triplet state and the state comparison sent by the quantum cash key management system 102 in the last step, so that the attack initiated by a forged bank website is avoided; preferably, the authentication of the user and the quantum cash bank 103 may be completed before settlement.

After the identity authentication and the early preparation are completed, the following quantum cash withdrawing, paying and depositing stages are carried out.

Preferably, during the payment process of the quantum cash, the payer-Alice and the payee-Charlie can also use the shared quantum key K_ACFor quantum cash S_APerforming encryption and quantum signature, and processing the result

And sending the data to a second user. Quantum key K for user two_ACTo S_APerforming decryption to obtain a decryption result S_AReusing quantum key K_ACFor quantum cash S_APerforming encryption and quantum signing

And sending the information to the first user for verification. After user one receives user two quanta encryption or signature

Thereafter, its quantum key K can be utilized_ACAnd decrypting to obtain a decrypted result: if the decryption result is consistent with the original result, the first user can think that the second user has successfully received the paid quantum cash due to the unclonable characteristic of the quantum key.

Preferably, in the withdrawal and deposit stages, the deposit user combines the own measurement result with the result of the quantum cash bank 103 and the measurement result of the quantum cash key management system 102, determines whether the three results satisfy the association of the particles in the GHZ triplet state, if yes, the quantum cash bank 103 is considered not to be a forged one or not, and the withdrawal or deposit settlement can be considered to be successful, and the quantum cash settlement system 101 uses the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 to store the relevant settlement records; the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 uses a plurality of blocks to store the same quantum cash settlement, including withdrawal, payment, and deposit, preferably, the number of blocks for quantum cash accounting is not less than 50%, so that accounting capacity of the block chain can be improved while accounting burden is reduced, and 50% of attacks can be avoided; the quantum cash settlement data recorded by all the accounting blocks on the block chain must be kept consistent, and all the block chains have a communication function and can automatically compare the consistency of the quantum cash accounting data; preferably, the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 is capable of running a mature consensus algorithm, including workload certification, equity certification, and different hybrid consensus algorithms, to meet the personalized needs of the user in quantum cash settlement; when the quantum cash settlement is conflicted, the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 judges the conflict by using an agreed consensus algorithm, and all accounting blocks can provide the basis of the quantum cash settlement; only the quantum cash settlement with most accounting node data consistent can be approved, otherwise, the quantum cash settlement is invalid. Through the quantum cash settlement block chain 104 consensus mechanism, settlement is successfully finished if disputes are not found in the settlement process.

Claims

1. A quantum cash settlement system based on a block chain is characterized by comprising a quantum cash settlement system (101), a quantum cash key management system (102), a quantum cash bank (103) and a quantum cash settlement block chain (104);

the quantum cash settlement system (101) can provide quantum cash settlement for users, the users register through the quantum cash settlement system (101), and after the identity and the legality are verified, a quantum cash bank (103) account is established, so that the quantum cash settlement can be carried out;

the quantum cash key management system (102) is used for quantum signature, and quantum cash withdrawal and payment are completed from an account of a quantum cash bank (103) after the quantum signature is completed; or depositing quantum cash into a quantum cash bank (103) account;

the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) is used for saving data and settlement records of users.

2. The blockchain-based quantum cash settlement system of claim 1, wherein: the quantum cash key management system (102) provides quantum key distribution and key management for quantum cash settlement; when a payer and a payee start to settle accounts, a quantum cash settlement request is submitted to a quantum cash settlement system (101) by the payer, the quantum cash settlement system (101) responds to the quantum cash settlement request submitted by the payer and distributes quantum keys to the payer and the payee, the payer signs the settlement information by using the distributed quantum keys, agrees to the settlement and carries out payment authorization, the quantum cash settlement amount with the corresponding amount is transferred to a payee account by the quantum cash settlement system (101), the payee finishes signing by using the distributed quantum keys, and the transfer of the settlement is finished.

3. The blockchain-based quantum cash settlement system of claim 1, wherein: the quantum cash bank (103) provides a quantum cash account for the user, provides quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit for the payer user, and provides quantum cash deposit for the payee user; the quantum cash settlement system (101) responds to quantum cash settlement withdrawal, payment and deposit requests submitted by users, and after the users finish the signature of quantum cash by using the quantum cash key management system (102), the quantum cash bank (103) finishes the transfer payment of quantum cash of corresponding amount according to the requests of the users, and the quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit requests comprise that quantum cash of corresponding amount is withdrawn from the account of the quantum cash bank (103) to the users, or quantum cash of corresponding amount of payer users is transferred from a payment account to a payee account, or quantum cash deposit of the users is deposited into the account of the quantum cash bank (103) of the users.

4. The blockchain-based quantum cash settlement system of claim 1, wherein: the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) is used for storing all relevant information such as user information, settlement records, account balance and the like; the quantum cash settlement system (101) can automatically save the time, the payer, the payee and the settlement amount in the settlement to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104); the quantum cash bank (103) can save the withdrawal, payment and deposit conditions in the user quantum cash settlement to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104); when disputes occur in the settlement process, the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) enters an auditing stage, all blocks in the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) perform consensus calculation according to settlement records, payers, payees and other related records and evidences in the quantum cash settlement block chain, and judge according to consensus results to ensure legal benefits of users.

5. A quantum cash settlement method based on a block chain is characterized by comprising three steps;

step 1, quantum cash is extracted;

step 2, payment of quantum cash;

step 3, depositing quantum cash;

in step 1, before settlement, a user firstly enters a settlement system (101) of quantum cash to complete registration and login, after the user inputs related information, the settlement system (101) of the quantum cash carries out identity verification by QECAh, if the user information meets all requirements and legality, a quantum cash key management system (102) carries out distribution and security check of a quantum key, and if the quantum key is correctly distributed, the registration is successful; quantum cash settlement system (101) QECash creates an account for the user at quantum cash bank (103); then, the user can log in a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh to carry out quantum cash extraction, payment and deposit operations; a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECash assists a user in withdrawing a corresponding amount of quantum cash from a quantum cash bank (103) and saves the withdrawal result in a quantum cash settlement block chain (104).

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step 1, when the withdrawal of the quantum cash is performed, the method comprises the following steps:

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.1, before a single user Alice withdraws, pays or deposits the quantum cash, identity authentication is carried out on a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh; the user who does not obtain the legal identity must register first, personal identity information is filled in a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh during registration, and then the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh checks the identity information;

after the verification is successful, the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh creates an account for the user Alice in a quantum cash bank (103) QBank;

quantum cash extraction step 1.2, quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh creationBuilding a quantum channel; firstly, a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh calls a quantum cash key management system KDM (102) to prepare a multi-particle entangled state, and the multi-particle entangled state is distributed to a single user Alice and a quantum cash bank (103) QBank by the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM; quantum cash key management system (102) KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | b1>_B、|b2>_BSending to QBank of quantum cash bank (103) to entangle multi-particle state | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

each set of multi-particle entangled states generated by the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM may be described as:

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.3, quantum channel security detection; a quantum cash key management system (102) KDM randomly selects M-N (M > N) entangled particles from M groups of multi-particle entangled states for measurement; the user Alice and the QBank (103) also measure the correspondingly numbered entangled particles in the opponent in the + x direction or the-x direction, and disclose the measurement results of the third party on the classical channel;

quantum cash extraction step 1.4, quantum cash key management system (102) KDM, quantum cash bank (103) QBank and user Alice publish numbers and measurement results of the entangled particles in a classical channel; if the measurement errors of the entangled particles are compared to meet a predetermined relevance threshold, the security detection of the quantum channel is considered to be qualified, the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM informs the security detection result to a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh, and the next step 1.5 is carried out; if the measurement error of the quantum channel exceeds a predetermined relevance threshold, the identity authentication is unsuccessful, the identity authentication is terminated, and the user cannot obtain the quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit rights; the method comprises the following steps that a legal user which is successfully registered does not need to be registered again, the user only needs to log in a QBAnk account of a quantum cash bank (103) through a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh every time, and the extraction step is completed according to the subsequent steps;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.5, quantum key distribution and sharing; at the moment, a safe quantum channel is established among a quantum cash key management system (102), a KDM, a user and a quantum cash bank (103), a QBank; the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM divides the remaining multi-particle entangled states into groups of entangled particles, each group of entangled particles containing M (M)>N) a plurality of multi-particle entangled states that can be used as a secure quantum key for digital signatures required by three parties for quantum cash withdrawal, payment and deposit; wherein, the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM shares the quantum key K with the user Alice_ADThe user Alice and the Quantum Cash Bank (103) QBank share the Quantum Key K_AB；

Quantum cash withdrawal step 1.6, sending a request for withdrawing quantum cash to a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh by a user Alice; information I of user Alice to quantum cash holder_AAnd quantum cash S_AUsing quantum key K_ADSigning is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum signature algorithm

The results are reported as

At the same time, the user Alice sends the signature result to a quantum cash key management system (102) KDM to request for the quantum cash S_AExtracting;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.7, quantum cash key management system (102) KDM using quantum key K_ABEncryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum encryption algorithm

The results are reported as

And sends the result to the quantum cash bank (103) QBank;

quantum cash extraction step 1.8, receiving quantum cash S signed by user Alice forwarded by quantum cash key management system (102) KDM by quantum cash bank (103) QBank_AAfter the request for extraction, i.e.

The results are reported as

And sending the measurement results to a quantum cash key management system (102) KDM;

quantum cash extraction step 1.9, receiving measurement result sent by quantum cash bank (103) QBank by quantum cash key management system (102) KDM, using quantum key K_ATDecryption is carried out, and three parties can agree on a quantum encryption algorithm

The results are reported as

The KDM of the quantum cash key management system (102) compares whether the measurement result is correct; if the result is correct, the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM confirms that the user Alice withdraws the quantum cash S_AThe request and the quantum signature are carried out, confirmation information is sent to a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh, and the step 1.10 is carried out; otherwise, the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM denies the user Alice to withdraw quantum cash S_AAnd sending a rejection message to a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh, and stopping the quantum cash withdrawal process;

quantum cash extraction step 1.10, the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh receives a confirmation message sent by a quantum cash key management system (102) KDM, and then sends the confirmation message to a quantum cash bank (103) QBank, the quantum cash bank (103) QBank adjusts quantum cash information of a user Alice account, and the user Alice can extract real quantum cash of a corresponding amount; the realization form of the real quantum cash is agreed by QBank of a quantum cash bank (103) in advance, and legal currency, or a voucher, or other legal cash forms which are consistent with the corresponding quantum cash are used; preferably, the quantum cash can be directly printed, the code ID of the quantum cash and the hash value of the accounting block of the quantum cash in the latest settlement can be printed for inquiring in the settlement, and because a new block needs to be created for re-accounting in each settlement of the hash value, the repeated use and repeated inquiry in each settlement are avoided;

quantum cash extraction step 1.11, sending the modified quantum cash information to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) for distributed storage by a quantum cash bank (103) QBank, wherein the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) uses a plurality of blocks with scattered geographic positions for accounting, and the account book information on all the blocks is consistent and cannot be tampered after accounting; if the quantum cash withdrawal cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the legality of the quantum cash withdrawal is determined by all bookkeeping nodes in a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) through a consensus algorithm, the quantum cash withdrawal data inconsistent with most of the bookkeeping nodes is automatically rejected by most of the bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash withdrawal bookkeeping is automatically rejected.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 2, in the payment of quantum cash, the following steps are taken:

quantum cash payment step 2.1, quantum cash payer Alice vector quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh proposes quantum cash S_AA request to pay Charlie to the payee; quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh based on payment request, through quantum cash key management system (102) KDM as volumePreparation of shared quantum key K by sub-cash payer Alice and quantum cash payee Charlie_ADAnd K_CD；

A quantum cash payment step 2.2, preparing and distributing GHZ triplet by a quantum cash key management system (102) KDM, and enabling a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh, a quantum cash payer Alice and a payee Charlie to each person to have one particle in GHZ state

Quantum cash key management system (102) KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | c1>_C、|c2>_CSending to Charlie quantum cash receiver to entangle multiple particles in state | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

The results are reported as

Quantum cash payment step 2.9, quantum cash key management system (102) KDM receiving message of recipient Charlie accepting quantum cash payment, using quantum key K_CDDecrypted to obtain R_EAnd

further, a quantum cash key management system (102) KDM uses a quantum key K_ADDecryption

Thereby obtaining I_A,|Ψ(S_A)>R and R_AAnd quantum cash S of the payment can be obtained_A(ii) a The quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh searches a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) and judges a quantum cash S_AThe validity of (2); if the quantum cash is legal, confirming the quantum cash payment, and turning to the step 2.10; if the quantum cash is illegal or does not accord with the consensus of all blocks of the quantum cash settlement block chain (104), automatically considering the quantum cash payment as illegal, and terminating the quantum cash payment service;

quantum cash payment step 2.10, quantum cash key management system (102) KDM selecting measurement basis to measure own GHZ particles, and recording the measurement result as R_DAnd using a quantum key K_CDEncryption of R_A，R_C，R_DQuantum cash holder information I_AAnd quantum cash | Ψ (S)_A)>The result is recorded as

quantum cash payment step 2.12, quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh receives confirmation message sent by quantum cash key management system (102) KDM, then confirmation message is sent to quantum cash bank (103) QBank, quantum cash bank (103) QBank transfers quantum cash of corresponding amount from payer Alice account to payee Charlie account according to quantum cash payment information, and quantum cash holder information I is modified_A；

The quantum cash payment step 2.13, the quantum cash bank (103) QBank sends the payment completion message to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) for distributed storage, the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) uses a plurality of blocks with scattered geographic positions for accounting, account book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the blocks cannot be tampered after accounting; if the quantum cash payment cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the legality of quantum cash withdrawal is determined by all bookkeeping nodes in a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) through a consensus algorithm, quantum cash payment data inconsistent with most of bookkeeping nodes are automatically rejected by most of bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash payment bookkeeping is automatically rejected.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that in the case of making a quantum cash deposit, the following steps are used:

quantum cash deposit step 3.1, the quantum cash depositor Alice submits a deposit request to a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh; the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh will withdraw and count the timeQuantum cash | Ψ (S) for payment and deposit_A)>Sending to QBank of quantum cash bank (103);

quantum cash deposit step 3.2, quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh using quantum cash key management system (102) KDM to check whether the particles held by quantum cash depositor Alice and quantum cash bank (103) QBank are in GHZ triplet state; if the quantum cash bank (103) is in accordance with the quantum cash bank information, the QBank modifies the quantum cash holder information and the deposit account information, and the next step is carried out; otherwise, the quantum cash deposit fails, the quantum cash information is not modified, and the deposit information is directly sent to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) for consensus and audit;

quantum cash deposit step 3.3, the QBank of the quantum cash bank (103) modifies the information of a quantum cash holder and the information of a deposit account, the modified quantum cash information is sent to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) to carry out accounting on the deposit, the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) carries out accounting by using a plurality of block nodes with scattered geographic positions, the deposit account book information on all the blocks is consistent, and the deposit account book information cannot be tampered after accounting; preferably, the printed quantum cash can be directly deposited, and the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) checks the coded ID of the quantum cash and the hash value of the accounting block of the quantum cash in the latest settlement and correspondingly modifies the information of the accounting block of the current deposit;

a quantum cash deposit step 3.4, the quantum cash bank (103) QBank sends deposit results and accounting information to a quantum cash settlement block chain (104) for consensus and audit, and the quantum cash settlement block chain (104) searches whether the information on all blocks is consistent; if all blocks are identified in a consistent manner, the deposit audit is in accordance with the requirement, and the quantum cash deposit service is confirmed to be qualified; if the quantum cash deposit cannot be successfully booked or a plurality of accounts are inconsistent, the quantum cash deposit is judged by a quantum cash settlement block chain (104), whether the quantum cash deposit is legal or not is determined by all bookkeeping blocks through a consensus algorithm, quantum cash deposit data inconsistent with most bookkeeping nodes are automatically rejected by most bookkeeping nodes, and illegal quantum cash deposit requests are automatically rejected.

9. A method for quantum cash withdrawal, comprising the steps of:

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.1, before a single user Alice withdraws, pays or deposits the quantum cash, identity authentication is carried out on a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh; the user who does not obtain the legal identity must register first, personal identity information is filled in a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh during registration, and then the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh checks the identity information; after the verification is successful, the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh creates an account for the user Alice in a quantum cash bank (103) QBank;

quantum cash withdrawal step 1.2, quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh creates quantum channel; firstly, a quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh calls a quantum cash key management system KDM (102) to prepare a multi-particle entangled state, and the multi-particle entangled state is distributed to a single user Alice and a quantum cash bank (103) QBank by the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM; quantum cash key management system (102) KDM entangles multiple particles in state | a1>_A、|a2>_ASending to the quantum cash user Alice the multi-particle entangled state | b1>_B、|b2>_BSending to QBank of quantum cash bank (103) to entangle multi-particle state | d1>_D、|d2>_DReserved for oneself;

The results are reported as

The results are reported as

And sends the result to the quantum cash bank (103) QBank;

The results are reported as

The results are reported as

10. A method for the payment of quantum cash, comprising the steps of:

quantum cash payment step 2.1, quantum cash payer Alice vector quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh proposes quantum cash S_AA request to pay Charlie to the payee; the quantum cash settlement system (101) QECAh prepares a shared quantum key K for the quantum cash payer Alice and the quantum cash payee Charlie through the quantum cash key management system (102) KDM according to the payment request_ADAnd K_CD；

quantum cash payment step 2.3, quantum cash user Alice preparation and quantum cash S_ACorresponding qubit string, denoted as | Ψ (S)_A)>(ii) a The quantum cash is different from classical cash, the quantum cash codes ID and quantum cash information are described by using quantum states, and the quantum states of the quantum cash conform to the basic principle of quantum mechanics and have the advantages of entanglement, superposition and non-gramThe properties of the dragon;

R_ASending the signed quantum cash payment information to a quantum cash payee Charlie;

The results are reported as