CN113482889A - Underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system and method - Google Patents
Underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113482889A CN113482889A CN202110924985.7A CN202110924985A CN113482889A CN 113482889 A CN113482889 A CN 113482889A CN 202110924985 A CN202110924985 A CN 202110924985A CN 113482889 A CN113482889 A CN 113482889A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
An underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system and method belong to the technical field of underwater energy storage. The invention solves the problem that the underwater energy storage system capable of performing voltage stabilization power supply in the prior art is complex in structure. The gas storage tank group comprises N gas storage tanks, and the N gas storage tanks are sequentially communicated end to end from left to right; the air storage tank group is arranged in the sea, the air storage tank on the rightmost side of the air storage tank group is communicated with the sea water, and the air storage tank on the leftmost side of the air storage tank group is communicated with the compressor and the expander; when the motor/generator is used as a motor, the motor/generator drives an input shaft of the compressor to rotate, so that the compressor compresses air to the air storage tank group and stores the air through the air storage tank group; when the motor/generator is used as a generator, the gas output by the gas storage tank group applies work to the expander, so that the output shaft of the expander drives the main shaft of the motor/generator to rotate, and the motor/generator outputs electric energy to be transmitted to a power grid. The invention is mainly used for storing offshore energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater energy storage.
Background
The energy storage technology can store and release energy, makes up for the defect of energy instantaneity of a power generation system, can greatly improve the volatility of renewable energy, and becomes one of key components and major support technologies of a smart grid, a renewable energy high-ratio system and an energy internet. The energy storage technology applied at present mainly comprises a pumped storage power station, compressed air energy storage, a flow battery, a storage battery, superconducting magnetic energy, a flywheel, a capacitor/super capacitor and the like. Due to the limitations of energy density, capacity, efficiency, energy storage cycle, operating costs, life, and other issues, only pumped storage and compressed air energy storage systems operate in large-scale commercial systems.
At present, the development of ocean renewable energy is in a rapid development stage and is bound to become an important component in a sustainable energy structure in the future. In addition to successful operation of large-scale shallow sea fixed wind power projects, the future offshore wind power tends to develop to deep sea, and on land, a large-scale photovoltaic array needs to occupy large land resources, which is often unacceptable in coastal areas with developed economy and dense population, and the problems can be overcome if wide offshore space can be fully utilized, so that the research of the overwater floating type photovoltaic power generation system is promoted. Compare in land photovoltaic system, it can utilize low temperature water around to prevent solar cell from producing overheated problem to be difficult to produce raise dust and cover the problem, also avoided building and vegetation to shelter from sunshine, thereby keep higher conversion efficiency.
Similar to the onshore renewable energy source, the ocean renewable energy source also has the defects of intermittence and randomness, so that the instability of the renewable energy source electric energy is caused, the ocean renewable energy source with the defects of intermittence and randomness is effectively stored, and the stored ocean renewable energy source is converted into stable electric energy to supply power to a power grid, and the problems need to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that an underwater energy storage system capable of performing voltage-stabilizing power supply in the prior art is complex in structure, and provides an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system and method.
The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system comprises a motor/generator, a compressor, an expander, an air storage tank group, a clutch No. 1 and a clutch No. 2;
the power supply of the motor/generator is offshore renewable energy;
the gas storage tank group comprises N gas storage tanks which are sequentially communicated end to end from left to right; n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the air storage tank group is arranged in the sea, the air storage tank on the rightmost side of the air storage tank group is communicated with the sea water, and the air storage tank on the leftmost side of the air storage tank group is communicated with the compressor and the expander;
one end of a main shaft of the motor/generator is connected with an input shaft of the compressor through a No. 1 clutch, and the other end of the main shaft of the motor/generator is connected with an output shaft of the expander through a No. 2 clutch;
the clutch No. 1 is used for controlling the on-off between one end of a main shaft of the motor/generator and an input shaft of the compressor;
the clutch No. 2 is used for controlling the on-off between the other end of the main shaft of the motor/generator and the output shaft of the expander;
when the motor/generator is used as a motor, the motor/generator drives an input shaft of the compressor to rotate, so that the compressor compresses air to the air storage tank group and stores the air through the air storage tank group; when the motor/generator is used as a generator, the gas output by the gas storage tank group applies work to the expander, so that the output shaft of the expander drives the main shaft of the motor/generator to rotate, and the motor/generator outputs electric energy to be transmitted to a power grid.
The energy storage method realized by the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system comprises an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
converting electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy into air internal energy to be stored in an air storage tank group, and specifically, the process is that the offshore renewable energy supplies power to a motor/generator, a clutch No. 2 enables the other end of a main shaft controlling the motor/generator to be disconnected with an output shaft of an expander, a clutch No. 1 enables one end of the main shaft controlling the motor/generator to be connected with an input shaft of a compressor, at the moment, the motor/generator works as a motor to drive the input shaft of the compressor to rotate, the compressor does work, the compressor compresses air and stores the compressed air into the air storage tank group, and when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air enables seawater in the air storage tank group to keep constant pressure and is discharged into the sea;
energy release stage:
the clutch No. 2 connects the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator with the output shaft of the expander, and the clutch No. 1 disconnects the one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator from the input shaft of the compressor; releasing the compressed air in the air storage tank group, applying work to the expansion machine, enabling an output shaft of the expansion machine to drive a main shaft of the motor/generator to rotate, and enabling the motor/generator to serve as a generator to generate electricity; wherein, when releasing the compressed air, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group to keep the pressure of the compressed air constant.
Preferably, the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system further comprises a heat accumulator;
the first gas input port of the heat accumulator is communicated with the gas output port of the compressor, the first gas output port of the heat accumulator is communicated with the gas input port of the expander,
a first gas input/output port of the heat accumulator is communicated with the leftmost gas storage tank in the gas storage tank group;
a valve is arranged on a pipeline between the heat accumulator and the leftmost gas storage tank in the gas storage tank group;
and the heat accumulator is used for heating the gas.
Preferably, the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system further comprises a hydro-generator;
the hydraulic generator is arranged at the bottom of the air storage tank at the rightmost side in the air storage tank group,
the hydraulic generator is acted by seawater in the air storage tank on the rightmost side in the air storage tank group, so that the hydraulic generator generates electricity, and the electric energy is used for supplying power to the heat accumulator.
Preferably, the offshore renewable energy source is offshore wind power generation, offshore photovoltaic power generation or wave energy recovery power generation.
Preferably, the bottom of the first to the (N-1) th air storage tanks from left to right in the air storage tank group is provided with a balance weight.
Preferably, heat generated when the compressor compresses air is unidirectionally conducted to the heat accumulator through the heat-insulating heat-conducting pipe or the heat nanotube.
The energy storage method is realized by adopting an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system comprising a heat accumulator, and comprises an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
converting electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy into air internal energy to be stored in an air storage tank group, and specifically, the process is that the offshore renewable energy supplies power to a motor/generator, a clutch No. 2 enables the other end of a main shaft controlling the motor/generator to be disconnected with an output shaft of an expander, a clutch No. 1 enables one end of the main shaft controlling the motor/generator to be connected with an input shaft of a compressor, at the moment, the motor/generator works as a motor to drive the input shaft of the compressor to rotate, the compressor does work, the compressor compresses air, the compressed air is heated through a heat accumulator and then stored in the air storage tank group, and when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air enables seawater in the air storage tank group to keep constant pressure and then discharged into the sea;
energy release stage:
the clutch No. 2 connects the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator with the output shaft of the expander, and the clutch No. 1 disconnects the one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator from the input shaft of the compressor; after the compressed air in the air storage tank group is released, the compressed air is heated through the heat accumulator and then works on the expansion machine, so that the output shaft of the expansion machine drives the main shaft of the motor/generator to rotate, and at the moment, the motor/generator is used as a generator to generate electricity; wherein, when releasing the compressed air, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group to keep the pressure of the compressed air constant.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system is simple in structure, the stored compressed air pressure is kept constant by using the static pressure characteristic of seawater, the compressor and the expander are guaranteed to work nearby a constant working condition all the time, and the expansion and compression processes have high efficiency; the seawater can freely enter and exit the air storage tank group, when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air discharges the seawater in the air storage tank, and when the compressed air is released, the seawater flows into the air storage tank to keep the pressure of the compressed air stable, so that the generated electric energy is constant; the change of gas in the gas storage tank brings the seawater at the terminal inlet of the gas storage tank group to flow rapidly, and the seawater is introduced into the hydraulic generator, so that the generated electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored in the heat accumulator; a large amount of heat energy generated in the compression process, electric energy generated by the hydraulic generator and electric energy generated by marine renewable energy are converted into heat energy and stored through the heat accumulator, and in the expansion energy release stage, the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator is used for heating compressed air, so that the energy of the compressed air is improved, and the total efficiency of the system is improved. Further, the compression and expansion process may be multi-stage compression and expansion.
The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, realization of modular design, convenience in assembly, flexible site selection, low cost of the electric/power generation integrated motor, convenience in maintenance and high energy conversion efficiency; the system has good reliability and stability, can fully utilize renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like, reduces the phenomena of light and wind abandonment, has important significance for meeting energy requirements, improving energy consumption structures, reducing environmental pollution, developing offshore energy sources and the like, and can effectively promote the conversion of marine renewable energy source equipment from 'energy power generation' to 'stable power generation'.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, and the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to the present embodiment includes a motor/generator 1, a compressor 2, an expander 3, an air tank group 4, a clutch No. 1 5, and a clutch No. 2 6;
the power supply of the motor/generator 1 is offshore renewable energy;
the gas storage tank group 4 comprises N gas storage tanks 4-1, and the N gas storage tanks 4-1 are sequentially communicated end to end from left to right; n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the gas storage tank group 4 is placed in the sea, the gas storage tank 4-1 on the rightmost side in the gas storage tank group 4 is communicated with the sea water, and the gas storage tank 4-1 on the leftmost side in the gas storage tank group 4 is communicated with the compressor 2 and the expander 3;
one end of the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 is connected with the input shaft of the compressor 2 through a No. 1 clutch 5, and the other end of the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 is connected with the output shaft of the expander 3 through a No. 2 clutch 6;
the clutch No. 1 is used for controlling the on-off between one end of a main shaft of the motor/generator 1 and an input shaft of the compressor 2;
the clutch No. 2 is used for controlling the on-off between the other end of the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 and the output shaft of the expander 3;
when the motor/generator 1 is used as a motor, the motor/generator 1 drives the input shaft of the compressor 2 to rotate, so that the compressor 2 compresses air to the air tank group 4 and stores the air through the air tank group 4; when the motor/generator 1 is used as a generator, the gas output by the gas storage tank group 4 does work on the expansion machine 3, so that the output shaft of the expansion machine 3 drives the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 to rotate, and the motor/generator 1 outputs electric energy to be transmitted to a power grid.
When the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system is applied specifically, the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system comprises an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, wherein the energy storage stage is that the clutch 2 enables the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 to be disconnected with the output shaft of the expander 3, the clutch 1 enables one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 to be connected with the input shaft of the compressor 2, the motor/generator 1 is used as a motor, and electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy is converted into air internal energy to be stored in the air storage tank group 4; in the energy release stage, the clutch No. 2 6 enables the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 to be connected with the output shaft of the expander 3, and the clutch No. 1 5 enables one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 to be disconnected with the input shaft of the compressor 2; the compressed air in the air storage tank group 4 is released and then works the expander 3, so that the output shaft of the expander 3 drives the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 to rotate, and at the moment, the motor/generator 1 is used as a generator to generate electricity.
The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system has a simple structure, when in use, the air storage tank group 4 is fixed at a certain depth below the sea level, the air storage tanks in the air storage tank group 4 are sequentially connected end to end through pipelines, the air storage tank 4-1 at the rightmost side is communicated with seawater, the seawater can freely enter and exit the air storage tank group 4, the stored compressed air pressure is kept constant by utilizing the static pressure characteristic of the seawater, when the compressed air is stored, the seawater in the air storage tank group 4 is discharged by the compressed air, when the compressed air is released, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group 4 to keep the compressed air pressure stable, the internal and external pressures on the wall surface of the air storage tank 4-1 are basically the same, high pressure resistance is not required, the preparation cost of the air storage tank group 4 can be greatly reduced, and because the air storage tank group 4 is always communicated with the sea and fixed at a certain depth below the sea level, the pressure of the outside to the air storage tank group 4 is always the same, so that the pressure of the introduced compressed air is the same as that of the released compressed air, and the generated electric energy is stable after the compressed air is released.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further describes an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to a first embodiment, where the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system further includes a heat accumulator 7;
the first gas input port of the heat accumulator 7 is communicated with the gas output port of the compressor 2, the first gas output port of the heat accumulator 7 is communicated with the gas input port of the expander 3,
a first gas input/output port of the heat accumulator 7 is communicated with the leftmost gas storage tank 4-1 in the gas storage tank group 4;
a valve 8 is arranged on a pipeline between the heat accumulator 7 and the leftmost gas storage tank 4-1 in the gas storage tank group 4;
and the heat accumulator 7 is used for heating the gas.
In the present embodiment, the heat accumulator 7 is added to heat the compressed air, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further describes an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to a second embodiment, where the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system further includes a hydraulic generator 9;
the hydraulic generator 9 is arranged at the bottom of the rightmost air storage tank 4-1 in the air storage tank group 4,
the hydraulic generator 9 is acted by seawater in the rightmost air storage tank 4-1 in the inlet/outlet air storage tank group 4, so that the hydraulic generator 9 generates electricity, and the electricity is used for supplying power to the heat accumulator 7.
In this embodiment, the change of the gas in the gas storage tank group 4 will cause the seawater in the gas storage tank group 4 to flow rapidly, and the seawater is introduced into the hydraulic generator 9, so as to supply the generated electric energy to the heat accumulator 7, and then the electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored in the heat accumulator 7.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further describes an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to a first embodiment, and further, with reference to fig. 1 in particular, the offshore renewable energy source is offshore wind power generation, offshore photovoltaic power generation, or wave energy recovery power generation.
In the preferred embodiment, offshore wind power generation, offshore photovoltaic power generation or wave energy recovery power generation are offshore renewable energy sources, and the energy sources have the defects of intermittence and randomness, so that the offshore renewable energy sources are effectively stored and stably released to supply power stably, the phenomenon of light and wind abandoning is reduced, and the offshore wind power generation system has important significance in meeting energy requirements, improving energy consumption structures, reducing environmental pollution, developing offshore energy sources and the like.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment further describes an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to the first embodiment, wherein the bottom of the first to N-1 th air tanks 4-1 from left to right in the air tank group 4 is provided with a counterweight.
In the preferred embodiment, the gas storage tank set 4 is provided with a balance weight, so that the stability of the gas storage tank set 4 in the sea is realized.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment is further directed to an underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to a second embodiment, in which heat generated when the compressor 2 compresses air is unidirectionally transferred to the heat accumulator 7 through the heat-insulating heat transfer pipe or the heat nanotube.
In the embodiment, a large amount of heat energy generated in the compression process is stored in the heat accumulator 7, and the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator 7 heats the compressed air, so that the energy of the compressed air is improved, and the total efficiency of the system is improved.
The seventh embodiment: the energy storage method implemented by the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system comprises an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
converting electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy into air internal energy to be stored in an air storage tank group 4, specifically, the process is that the offshore renewable energy supplies power to a motor/generator 1, a clutch 2 disconnects the other end of a main shaft controlling the motor/generator 1 from an output shaft of an expander 3, a clutch 1 enables one end of the main shaft controlling the motor/generator 1 to be connected with an input shaft of a compressor 2, at the moment, the motor/generator 1 works as a motor to drive the input shaft of the compressor 2 to rotate, the compressor 2 works, the compressor 2 compresses air, the compressed air is stored in the air storage tank group 4, and when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air enables seawater in the air storage tank group 4 to keep constant pressure and is discharged into the sea;
energy release stage:
the No. 2 clutch 6 connects the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 with the output shaft of the expander 3, and the No. 1 clutch 5 disconnects the one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 from the input shaft of the compressor 2; releasing the compressed air in the air storage tank group 4, and applying work to the expander 3 to enable the output shaft of the expander 3 to drive the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 to rotate, wherein the motor/generator 1 serves as a generator to generate electricity; wherein, when the compressed air is released, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group 4 to keep the pressure of the compressed air constant.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the energy storage method implemented by the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system comprises an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
converting electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy into air internal energy to be stored in an air storage tank group 4, specifically, the process is that the offshore renewable energy supplies power to a motor/generator 1, a clutch 2 disconnects the other end of a main shaft controlling the motor/generator 1 from an output shaft of an expander 3, a clutch 1 enables one end of the main shaft controlling the motor/generator 1 to be connected with an input shaft of a compressor 2, at the moment, the motor/generator 1 works as a motor to drive the input shaft of the compressor 2 to rotate, the compressor 2 works, the compressor 2 compresses air, the compressed air is heated by a heat accumulator 7 and then stored in the air storage tank group 4, and when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air keeps constant pressure of seawater in the air storage tank group 4 and discharges the seawater into the sea;
energy release stage:
the No. 2 clutch 6 connects the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 with the output shaft of the expander 3, and the No. 1 clutch 5 disconnects the one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator 1 from the input shaft of the compressor 2; after the compressed air in the air storage tank group 4 is released, the heat accumulator 7 heats the compressed air and applies work to the expander 3, so that the output shaft of the expander 3 drives the main shaft of the motor/generator 1 to rotate, and at the moment, the motor/generator 1 is used as a generator to generate electricity; wherein, when the compressed air is released, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group 4 to keep the pressure of the compressed air constant.
Principle analysis: when the power grid is rich in electric energy, offshore wind energy, solar energy and wave energy are converted into electric energy by utilizing the wind driven generator, the solar cell panel and the wave energy recovery device respectively to drive the motor/generator 1 and the compressor 2, and air is compressed and stored in the air storage tank group 4. The stored compressed air pressure is kept constant by utilizing the static pressure characteristic of the seawater, so that the compressor 2 and the expander 3 are ensured to work near a constant working condition all the time, and the expansion and compression processes have higher efficiency; seawater can freely enter and exit the air storage tank group 4, when compressed air is stored, the compressed air discharges the seawater in the air storage tank 4-1, and when the compressed air is released, the seawater flows into the air storage tank 4-1 to keep the pressure of the compressed air stable; the change of the gas in the gas storage tank 4-1 brings the seawater at the terminal inlet of the gas storage tank group 4 to flow rapidly, and the seawater is introduced into the hydraulic generator 9, so that the generated electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored in the heat accumulator; a large amount of heat energy generated in the compression process, electric energy generated by the hydraulic generator 9 and electric energy generated by marine renewable energy are converted into heat energy and stored through the heat accumulator 7, and in the expansion energy release stage, the heat energy stored in the heat accumulator 7 is used for heating compressed air, so that the energy of the compressed air is improved, and the total efficiency of the system is improved.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system is characterized by comprising a motor/generator (1), a compressor (2), an expander (3), an air storage tank group (4), a clutch No. 1 (5) and a clutch No. 2 (6);
the power supply of the motor/generator (1) is offshore renewable energy;
the gas storage tank group (4) comprises N gas storage tanks (4-1), and the N gas storage tanks (4-1) are sequentially communicated end to end from left to right; n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
the gas storage tank group (4) is arranged in the sea, the rightmost gas storage tank (4-1) in the gas storage tank group (4) is communicated with the sea water, and the leftmost gas storage tank (4-1) in the gas storage tank group (4) is communicated with the compressor (2) and the expander (3);
one end of a main shaft of the motor/generator (1) is connected with an input shaft of the compressor (2) through a No. 1 clutch (5), and the other end of the main shaft of the motor/generator (1) is connected with an output shaft of the expander (3) through a No. 2 clutch (6);
the clutch (5) No. 1 is used for controlling the on-off between one end of a main shaft of the motor/generator (1) and an input shaft of the compressor (2);
the clutch 2 (6) is used for controlling the on-off between the other end of the main shaft of the motor/generator (1) and the output shaft of the expander (3);
when the motor/generator (1) is used as a motor, the motor/generator (1) drives an input shaft of the compressor (2) to rotate, so that the compressor (2) compresses air to the air storage tank group (4) and stores the air through the air storage tank group (4); when the motor/generator (1) is used as a generator, the gas output by the gas storage tank group (4) does work on the expansion machine (3), so that the output shaft of the expansion machine (3) drives the main shaft of the motor/generator (1) to rotate, and the motor/generator (1) outputs electric energy to be transmitted to a power grid.
2. The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a regenerator (7);
a first gas inlet of the heat accumulator (7) is communicated with a gas outlet of the compressor (2), a first gas outlet of the heat accumulator (7) is communicated with a gas inlet of the expander (3),
a first gas input/output port of the heat accumulator (7) is communicated with a leftmost gas storage tank (4-1) in the gas storage tank group (4);
a valve (8) is arranged on a pipeline between the heat accumulator (7) and the leftmost gas storage tank (4-1) in the gas storage tank group (4);
a heat accumulator (7) for heating the gas.
3. The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising a hydro-generator (9);
the hydraulic generator (9) is arranged at the bottom of the air storage tank (4-1) at the rightmost side in the air storage tank group (4),
the hydraulic generator (9) is acted by seawater in the air storage tank (4-1) at the rightmost side in the air storage tank group (4) to enable the hydraulic generator (9) to generate electricity, and the electricity is used for supplying power to the heat accumulator (7).
4. The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the offshore renewable energy source is offshore wind power generation, offshore photovoltaic power generation or wave energy recovery power generation.
5. The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the first to the N-1 th air tanks (4-1) from left to right in the air tank group (4) are provided with counterweights.
6. The underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat generated when the compressor (2) compresses air is conducted unidirectionally to the heat accumulator (7) through thermally insulating heat-conducting pipes or thermal nanotubes.
7. The energy storage method realized by the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system of claim 1 is characterized by comprising an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
the method comprises the steps of converting electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy into air internal energy to be stored in an air storage tank group (4), specifically, supplying power to a motor/generator (1) by the offshore renewable energy, disconnecting the other end of a main shaft controlling the motor/generator (1) from an output shaft of an expander (3) by a No. 2 clutch (6), connecting one end of the main shaft controlling the motor/generator (1) with an input shaft of a compressor (2) by a No. 1 clutch (5), and then, the motor/generator (1) works as a motor to drive the input shaft of the compressor (2) to rotate, the compressor (2) is acted, the compressor (2) compresses the air, and the compressed air is stored in the air storage tank group (4), when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air discharges the seawater in the air storage tank group (4) into the sea under the constant pressure;
energy release stage:
the clutch No. 2 (6) connects the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator (1) with the output shaft of the expander (3), and the clutch No. 1 (5) disconnects the one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator (1) from the input shaft of the compressor (2); releasing the compressed air in the air storage tank group (4) and applying work to the expansion machine (3) to enable an output shaft of the expansion machine (3) to drive a main shaft of the motor/generator (1) to rotate, and enabling the motor/generator (1) to serve as a generator to generate electricity; wherein, when releasing the compressed air, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group (4) to keep the pressure of the compressed air constant.
8. The energy storage method realized by the underwater isobaric compressed air hybrid energy storage system of claim 2 is characterized by comprising an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
the method comprises the steps of converting electric energy generated by offshore renewable energy into air internal energy to be stored in an air storage tank group (4), specifically, supplying power to a motor/generator (1) by the offshore renewable energy, disconnecting the other end of a main shaft controlling the motor/generator (1) from an output shaft of an expander (3) by a No. 2 clutch (6), connecting one end of the main shaft controlling the motor/generator (1) with an input shaft of a compressor (2) by a No. 1 clutch (5), and then, the motor/generator (1) works as a motor to drive the input shaft of the compressor (2) to rotate, the compressor (2) is acted, the compressor (2) compresses air, the compressed air is heated by the heat accumulator (7) and then is stored in the air storage tank group (4), when the compressed air is stored, the compressed air discharges the seawater in the air storage tank group (4) into the sea under the constant pressure;
energy release stage:
the clutch No. 2 (6) connects the other end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator (1) with the output shaft of the expander (3), and the clutch No. 1 (5) disconnects the one end of the main shaft of the control motor/generator (1) from the input shaft of the compressor (2); releasing the compressed air in the air storage tank group (4), heating the compressed air through the heat accumulator (7), applying work to the expander (3), enabling an output shaft of the expander (3) to drive a main shaft of the motor/generator (1) to rotate, and enabling the motor/generator (1) to serve as a generator to generate electricity; wherein, when releasing the compressed air, the seawater flows into the air storage tank group (4) to keep the pressure of the compressed air constant.
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| CN114876704A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-09 | 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 | Compressed air and seawater pumping and storage coupling energy storage system and method |
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