CN113471717A - Antenna module and radar - Google Patents
Antenna module and radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113471717A CN113471717A CN202110620919.0A CN202110620919A CN113471717A CN 113471717 A CN113471717 A CN 113471717A CN 202110620919 A CN202110620919 A CN 202110620919A CN 113471717 A CN113471717 A CN 113471717A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of radar antennas, and discloses an antenna module and a radar, wherein the antenna module comprises: the antenna system comprises a transmitting antenna assembly and a receiving antenna assembly, wherein the transmitting antenna assembly and the receiving antenna assembly are arranged in parallel on a preset plane; the transmitting antenna assembly comprises a first cylindrical substrate and a plurality of transmitting antenna units which are arranged on one surface of the first cylindrical substrate in parallel along the circumferential direction; the receiving antenna assembly comprises a second cylindrical substrate and a plurality of receiving antenna units which are arranged on one surface of the second cylindrical substrate in parallel along the circumferential direction; a plurality of said transmit antenna elements and a plurality of said receive antenna elements are used to spatially form a MIMO antenna array for radar. Through the mode, the embodiment of the invention is expected to improve the coverage area of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of radar antennas, in particular to an antenna module and a radar.
Background
The radar transmits electromagnetic waves, irradiates a target and receives an echo of the target, so that information such as a distance from the target to an electromagnetic wave transmitting point, a distance change rate (radial speed) and an azimuth is obtained. The radar has the advantages that the radar can detect a long-distance target in the daytime and at night, is not blocked by fog, cloud and rain, has the characteristics of all weather and all day long, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile safe driving, unmanned aerial vehicles, security protection and the like. Among them, the measurement of two coordinates (azimuth and elevation) among three coordinates (azimuth, elevation and distance) of the radar measurement target position is directly related to the performance of the antenna, and therefore, the antenna performance is more important for the radar than for other components.
At present, in a single-board radar antenna, the maximum coverage is about 70 degrees, the farther the detection distance is, the narrower the antenna beam is, the narrower the coverage direction is, and it is difficult to achieve both the wide coverage and the long detection distance, so that it is necessary to achieve both the long-distance and the wide coverage through a mechanical scanning or a phased array mode, but this mode may increase the complexity and the cost of the system design.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing problems, embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna module and a radar, so as to improve a coverage area of an antenna.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an antenna module, including: the antenna system comprises a transmitting antenna assembly and a receiving antenna assembly, wherein the transmitting antenna assembly and the receiving antenna assembly are arranged in parallel on a preset plane; the transmitting antenna assembly comprises a first cylindrical substrate and a plurality of transmitting antenna units which are arranged on one surface of the first cylindrical substrate in parallel along the circumferential direction; the receiving antenna assembly includes a second cylindrical substrate and a plurality of receiving antenna units arranged in parallel along a circumferential direction on one face of the second cylindrical substrate.
In an optional manner, each of the transmitting antenna units includes a plurality of first patch units, and the plurality of first patch units are configured in a preset manner to form the same or different first patch antennas; each receiving antenna unit comprises a plurality of second patch units, and the second patch units are configured in a preset mode to form the same or different second patch antennas.
In an alternative mode, a plurality of the transmitting antenna units include the same first patch antenna, and the distances of orthographic projections of two adjacent first patch antennas on the preset plane are equal; the plurality of receiving antenna units comprise the same second patch antennas, and the distances of orthographic projections of two adjacent second patch antennas on the preset plane are equal.
In an optional manner, the plurality of transmitting antenna units includes at least two groups of transmitting antenna units, each group of transmitting antenna units includes at least two transmitting antenna units, each transmitting antenna unit of each group of transmitting antenna units corresponds to a respective transmitting channel, and each group of at least two groups of transmitting antenna units has one transmitting antenna unit corresponding to the same transmitting channel.
In an optional manner, the plurality of receiving antenna units includes at least two receiving antenna unit groups, each receiving antenna unit group includes at least two receiving antenna units, each receiving antenna unit of each receiving antenna unit group corresponds to a respective receiving channel, and each receiving antenna unit of at least two receiving antenna unit groups has one receiving antenna unit corresponding to the same receiving channel.
In an optional mode, the radiating antenna assembly further includes a first supporting member, the first supporting member has a cylindrical surface, the first cylindrical substrate is a flexible substrate, and the other surface of the first cylindrical substrate, which is away from the receiving antenna unit, is attached to the cylindrical surface of the first supporting member;
the receiving antenna assembly further comprises a second supporting piece, the second supporting piece is provided with a cylindrical surface, the second cylindrical substrate is a flexible substrate, and the other surface, away from the transmitting antenna unit, of the second cylindrical substrate is attached to the cylindrical surface of the second supporting piece.
In an alternative mode, the transmitting antenna assembly and the receiving antenna assembly are arranged in parallel on the preset plane.
In an alternative form, the transmitting antenna assembly and the receiving antenna assembly are arranged side by side in parallel on the predetermined plane.
In an alternative mode, each of the plurality of transmitting antenna units in the transmitting antenna assembly has a first feed port end, and each of the plurality of receiving antenna units in the receiving antenna assembly has a second feed port end, and the first feed port end and the second feed port end are arranged oppositely.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a radar is provided, which includes the above-mentioned antenna module.
The antenna module of this embodiment forms the conformal transmitting antenna array by setting up a plurality of transmitting antenna units along the circumferencial direction of first cylinder base plate in parallel, forms the conformal receiving antenna array by setting up a plurality of receiving antenna units along the circumferencial direction of second cylinder base plate in parallel for the transmission of radar can carry out the receipt and the sending of signal through a plurality of transmitting antenna units and a plurality of receiving antenna units respectively, thereby improves signal quality. The half-power beam coverage of a plurality of transmitting antenna units superposes to form the total coverage of the transmitting line assembly, and the half-power beam coverage of a plurality of receiving antenna units superposes to form the total coverage of the receiving antenna assembly.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of a radiating antenna assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 illustrates a front view of a receive antenna assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna module according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a simplified structural diagram of a radiating antenna assembly provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a simplified diagram of a receive antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of an antenna assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention in operation;
fig. 10 shows a signal simulation diagram of a radiating antenna assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 shows a signal simulation diagram of a receiving antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 shows a simplified structural diagram of a receive antenna assembly provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 shows a signal simulation diagram of a receiving antenna assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the detailed description are as follows:
a radiating antenna assembly 10; a first cylindrical substrate 11; a first layout layer 111; a first ground layer 112; a transmitting antenna unit 12; a first patch unit 121; a first feed port end 122; a first support 13;
a receiving antenna assembly 20; a second pillar base plate 21; a second wiring layer 211; a second ground layer 212; a receiving antenna unit 22; a second patch unit 221; a second feed port end 222; a second support 23; a preset plane 30; an antenna module 100.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna module 100, which can be applied to a millimeter-wave radar, but is not limited thereto. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna module 100 includes a transmitting antenna assembly 10 and a receiving antenna assembly 20, wherein the transmitting antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 are disposed in parallel on a predetermined plane 30. The transmitting antenna assembly 10 includes a first cylindrical substrate 11 and a plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 arranged in parallel along a circumferential direction on one face of the first cylindrical substrate 11. The receiving antenna assembly 20 includes a second cylindrical substrate 21 and a plurality of receiving antenna units 22 arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction on one surface of the second cylindrical substrate 21. The Multiple transmit antenna units 12 and the Multiple receive antenna units 22 are used to spatially form a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna array for radar.
The preset plane 30 may be a vertical plane located on the front side of the radar detection direction and perpendicular to the horizontal plane where the radar is located, and the preset plane may be a reference plane (i.e., a virtual plane) set by an operator, and is also a mounting plane (i.e., a solid plane) for mounting the receiving antenna assembly and the transmitting antenna assembly 20 of the receiving antenna assembly 10, and is not limited herein.
In the antenna module 100 of this embodiment, the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 are arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction of the first cylindrical substrate 11 to form a conformal transmitting antenna array, and the plurality of receiving antenna arrays are arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction of the second cylindrical substrate 21 to form a conformal receiving antenna array, so that the radar can receive and transmit signals through the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 and the plurality of receiving antenna units 22, respectively, thereby improving the signal quality. The coverage areas of the half-power beams of the multiple transmitting antenna units 12 are overlapped to form the total coverage area of the transmitting antenna assembly 10, and the coverage areas of the half-power beams of the multiple receiving antenna units 22 are overlapped to form the total coverage area of the receiving antenna assembly 20.
In addition, the detection coverage of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the number and distribution of the transmitting antenna units 12 on the first cylindrical substrate 11 or the number and distribution of the receiving antenna units 22 on the second cylindrical substrate 21, and this way, the coverage detection coverage of the radar antenna can be adjusted according to actual requirements, so that the radar beam design is more flexible, wherein the physical angle range covered in the circumferential direction of the first cylindrical substrate 11 or the second cylindrical substrate 21 is the maximum beam width of the antenna, compared with the traditional way, the transmitting antenna units and the receiving antenna can be respectively and independently arranged on the first cylindrical substrate and the second cylindrical substrate, and the radar antenna can be separately designed, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
In some specific embodiments, the transmitting antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 are disposed in parallel in a predetermined plane 30. That is, the radiating antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 are juxtaposed on a left-right direction on the horizontal plane, and at this time, a plane in which the central axis of the first cylindrical substrate 11 of the radiating antenna assembly 10 and the central axis of the second cylindrical substrate 21 of the receiving antenna assembly 20 are located is parallel to the predetermined plane.
In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 1, each of the transmitting antenna units 12 includes a plurality of first patch units 121, and the plurality of first patch units 121 are configured in a predetermined manner to form the same or different first patch antennas. Each receiving antenna unit 22 includes a plurality of second patch units 221, and the plurality of second patch units 221 are configured in a predetermined manner to form the same or different second patch antennas.
The arrangement of the first patch unit 121 and the second patch unit 221 may be manually set.
The configuration of the plurality of first patch units 121 in a preset manner means that the transmitting antenna units 12 are arranged on the first cylindrical substrate in a certain order according to the size and the number of the first patch units 121, and if the configuration of the first patch units 121 is different, the coverage area, the beam width, and other performances of the transmitting antenna units 12 are affected.
As an example, each of the transmitting antenna units 12 may be a first patch antenna formed by a plurality of (e.g., 10) rectangular first patch units 121 connected by series feed, and the first patch antenna has a comb shape.
Similarly, for the same receiving antenna unit 22, when the number of the second patch units 221 of the receiving antenna unit 22 is arranged on the second column substrate 21 in a certain order, the arrangement of the second patch units 221 is different, which affects the performance such as the coverage area and the beam width of the receiving antenna unit 22.
As an example, each receiving antenna unit 22 may be a second patch antenna formed by connecting a plurality of (e.g., 10) rectangular series-fed second patch units 221, and the second patch antenna is comb-shaped.
Of course, the first patch unit 121 and the second patch unit 221 may also have other shapes, such as a circle, etc., and the transmitting antenna unit 12 and the receiving antenna unit 22 may also be serial feed patch antennas in a shape of a sugarcoated haw string, 45 ° polarization patch antennas, etc.
In this embodiment, the transmitting antenna unit 12 is set as the first patch antenna formed by the series-feed connection of the first patch unit 121, and the receiving antenna unit 22 is set as the second patch antenna formed by the series-feed connection of the second patch unit 221.
Specifically, the distance between two adjacent first patch units 121 is 0.5 λ1Wherein λ is1The length of the first patch unit 121 is 0.5 λ, which is the wavelength of the medium of the first patch unit 1211The resonant frequency point of the transmitting antenna unit 12 can be changed by adjusting the length of the first patch unit 121. Since the width of each first patch unit 121 is related to the current distribution of each first patch unit 121, the wider the width is, the wider the first patch unit 121 isThe greater the current at the upper section, the greater the first patch element 121 may adopt a dalton chebyshev distribution.
The distance between two adjacent second patch units 221 is 0.5 lambda2Wherein λ is2The second patch element 221 has a dielectric wavelength of 0.5 λ2The resonant frequency point of the receiving antenna unit 22 can be changed by adjusting the length of the second patch unit 221. Since the width of the second patch unit 221 is related to the current distribution of each second patch unit 221, the wider the width, the larger the current of the upper part of the second patch unit 221, and the larger the current of the second patch unit 221 is distributed by dalfof chebyshev.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 include the same first patch antennas, and the distances between the orthographic projections of two adjacent first patch antennas on the predetermined plane 30 are equal. The plurality of receiving antenna units 12 include the same second patch antenna, and the distances between the orthogonal projections on the preset plane 30 between two adjacent second patch antennas are equal. The first patch antenna and the second patch antenna are different, that is, the configuration mode of the first patch unit 121 in the first patch antenna is different from the configuration mode of the second patch unit 221 in the second patch antenna.
In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 of the transmitting antenna assembly 10 as the same first patch antenna, the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 can be uniformly arranged on the first cylindrical substrate 11 according to the spacing between two adjacent transmitting antenna units 12; similarly, by setting the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 of the receiving antenna assembly 20 as the same second patch antenna, the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 can be uniformly arranged on the second cylindrical substrate according to the distance between two adjacent receiving antenna units 22, so that the arrangement of the receiving antenna units 22 and the transmitting antenna unit 12 is facilitated, and the design difficulty is reduced.
It should be noted that in other embodiments, the multiple transmitting antenna units 12 may also include different first patch antennas, and the multiple receiving antenna units 12 may also include different second patch antennas.
It is understood that in other embodiments, the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna may be identical.
In some embodiments, the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 includes at least two groups of transmitting antenna units, each group of transmitting antenna units includes at least two transmitting antenna units 12, each transmitting antenna unit 12 of each group of transmitting antenna units corresponds to a respective transmitting channel, and one transmitting antenna unit 12 of each group of at least two groups of transmitting antenna units corresponds to the same transmitting channel.
That is, the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 are divided into at least two groups of transmitting antenna units 12 having the same number of transmitting antenna units, and the number of transmitting channels is the same as the number of transmitting antenna units 12 in each group of receiving antenna units.
The number of the groups of the transmitting antenna units and the number of the transmitting antenna units 12 in each group of the transmitting antenna units can be set according to actual requirements of the coverage area, the gain and the like of the transmitting antenna. As an example, the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 may be divided into 2 groups, 3 groups, 4 groups, and so on, and the number of receiving antenna units 22 of each transmitting antenna unit group may be 2, 3, 4, and so on.
In the embodiment of the present application, one transmitting channel of the radar corresponds to at least two transmitting antenna units 12, and the gain and the total coverage of the transmitting antenna corresponding to each receiving channel are improved by overlapping the transmitting antenna units 12.
In some embodiments, the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 includes at least two groups of receiving antenna units, each group of receiving antenna units includes at least two receiving antenna units 22, each receiving antenna unit 22 of each group of receiving antenna units corresponds to a respective receiving channel, and each group of the at least two groups of receiving antenna units has one receiving antenna unit 22 corresponding to the same receiving channel.
That is, the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 are divided into at least two groups of receiving antenna units 22 having the same number of receiving antenna units, and the number of receiving channels is the same as the number of receiving antenna units 22 in each group of receiving antenna units.
The number of groups of receiving antenna unit groups and the number of receiving units of each group of receiving antenna unit groups can be set according to actual requirements of the coverage area, gain and the like of the receiving antenna. As an example, the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 may be divided into 2 groups, 3 groups, 4 groups, and so on, and likewise, the number of receiving antenna units 22 per group of receiving antenna unit groups may be 2, 3, 4, and so on.
In this embodiment, one receiving channel of the radar corresponds to multiple receiving antenna units 22, and the gain and the total coverage of the receiving antenna corresponding to each receiving channel are improved by overlapping the receiving antenna units 22.
In some specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, fig. 2 shows a front view of a radiating antenna assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 shows a sectional view along a-a of fig. 2, fig. 5 shows a sectional view along B-B of fig. 4, and fig. 6 shows a perspective view of an antenna module according to another embodiment of the present invention. The radiating antenna assembly 10 includes a first supporting member 13, the first supporting member 13 has a cylindrical surface, the first cylindrical substrate 11 is a flexible substrate, and the other side of the first cylindrical substrate 11, which is away from the receiving antenna unit 22, is attached to the cylindrical surface of the first supporting member 13. The receiving antenna assembly 20 further includes a second supporting member 23, the second supporting member 23 has a cylindrical surface, the second cylindrical substrate 21 is a flexible substrate, and the other surface of the second cylindrical substrate 21, which is away from the receiving antenna unit 22, is attached to the cylindrical surface of the second supporting member 23.
The first supporting member 13 may be a cylindrical supporting plate having the same contour as the first cylindrical substrate 11, and the second supporting member 23 may be a cylindrical supporting plate having the same contour as the first cylindrical substrate 11. The first support 13 and the second support 23 may be made of hard materials, such as metal materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, etc., or hard plastic materials, such as bakelite, etc. The first supporting member 13 is used to fixedly support the first cylindrical substrate 11 to improve the structural strength of the first cylindrical substrate 11, and the second supporting member 23 is used to fixedly support the second cylindrical substrate 21 to improve the structural strength of the second cylindrical substrate 21.
Of course, the transmitting antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 may be mounted and fixed on a horizontal supporting surface on which the radar is located or directly mounted and fixed on the radar by means of the first supporting member 13 and the second supporting member 23, respectively.
It is understood that the first and second supports 13 and 23 may also be cylindrical, semi-cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical, semi-elliptical cylindrical, prismatic (such as triangular prism, quadrangular pyramid, etc.), etc., but are not limited thereto.
It should be noted that, in the case where the transmitting antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 are arranged side by side in parallel on the predetermined plane 30, the first support member 13 and the second support member 23 may also be integrated.
Specifically, the first cylindrical substrate 11 includes a first layout layer 111 and a first ground layer 112, the first ground layer 112 is attached to the cylindrical surface of the first support 13, and the transmitting antenna unit 12 is disposed on a surface of the first layout layer 111 facing away from the first ground layer 112.
The second cylindrical substrate 21 includes a second layout layer 211 and a second ground layer 212, the second ground layer 212 is attached to the cylindrical surface of the second support 23, and the receiving antenna unit 22 is disposed on a surface of the second layout layer 211 away from the second ground layer 212.
The first layout layer 111 and the second layout layer 211 can be made of flexible insulating materials, such as: resin-based materials and ceramic-based materials. The first ground layer 112 and the second ground layer 212 may be made of a metal material such as copper.
In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the first routing layer 111 is 5mil, the material is rocky 3003, and the thickness of the first ground layer 112 is 0.0175 mm. Similarly, the thickness of the second layout layer 211 is 5mil, the material is rocky 3003, and the thickness of the second ground layer 212 is 0.0175 mm.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna module according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which a transmitting antenna assembly 10 and a receiving antenna assembly 20 are arranged side by side and in parallel on a predetermined plane 30. That is, the transmitting antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 are arranged side by side one above the other in the vertical direction, and in this case, the central axis of the first cylindrical substrate 11 of the transmitting antenna assembly 10 is arranged coaxially with the central axis of the second cylindrical substrate of the receiving antenna assembly 20, so that the space occupied by the transmitting antenna assembly 10 and the receiving antenna assembly 20 in the horizontal direction can be reduced.
In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 6, each of the plurality of transmitting antenna elements 12 of the transmitting antenna assembly 10 has a first feed port end 122, each of the plurality of receiving antenna elements 22 of the receiving antenna element 22 has a second feed port end 222, and the first feed port end 122 is disposed opposite to the second feed port end 222.
Wherein the first feed port end 122 and the second feed port end 222 are respectively used for electrically connecting with a feed network of the radar.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first feed port end 122 and the second feed port end 222 are arranged oppositely, so that the wiring path of the feed network of the radar can be shortened, and the loss of the circuit to signals can be reduced.
It is understood that in other embodiments, the first feed port end 122 and the second feed port end 222 may not be oppositely disposed.
For ease of understanding, the technical solutions of the present application are further described below:
the respective cylindrical surfaces of the first cylindrical substrate 11 and the second cylindrical substrate 21 are both semi-cylindrical surfaces, the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 are all the same first patch antennas, the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 are all the same second patch antennas, the first patch antennas are different from the second patch antennas, and the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 and the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 form an MIMO antenna array with 3 transmitting channels and 4 receiving channels.
As shown in fig. 7 and 9 in conjunction with fig. 6, fig. 7 shows a simplified structural diagram of a transmitting antenna assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 shows a simplified structural diagram of a receiving antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention in operation. Each transmitting channel corresponds to one transmitting antenna unit 12, and each receiving channel corresponds to one receiving antenna unit 22.
With continued reference to fig. 9, the solid black circles represent the transmitting antenna elements 12, the open circles represent the receiving antenna elements 22, and the open dashed circles represent equivalent receiving antenna elements. When the antenna works, 3 transmitting antenna units 12 respectively transmit electromagnetic waves at different moments, 4 receiving antenna units 22 simultaneously receive the electromagnetic waves, so that 12 antenna channels are virtualized, and the gain of the whole antenna is increased, the wave beam is narrowed, and the detection angle resolution is improved through the superposition of all the antenna channels.
When the receiving antenna units 22 receive the echo signals of the transmitting antenna units 12, the phase difference between the receiving channels corresponding to the two adjacent receiving antenna units 12 is dsin (θ), where θ is the target azimuth angle, and therefore the target azimuth angle can be obtained according to the phase difference between the receiving channels.
In some embodiments, the distance d between the orthographic projections of two adjacent receiving antenna units 22 on the preset plane 30 is 0.5 λ3The distance between the orthographic projections of two adjacent transmitting antenna units 12 on the preset plane 30 is 2 lambda3Wherein λ is3Is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
Wherein, 3 transmitting antenna units 12 are uniformly disposed on the first cylindrical substrate 11 at intervals, and respectively feed the TX1, the TX2, and the TX3 transmitting antenna units 12, as shown in fig. 10, fig. 10 shows a signal simulation diagram of the transmitting antenna assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting antenna has a gain of more than 11.7dB in a coverage range of-90 ° to + 90 °, the maximum gain is 14.29dB, and can reach a coverage range of 180 °, and the antenna gain is greater than 11.7 dB.
If 4 receiving antenna units 22 are uniformly disposed on the second cylindrical substrate 21, the receiving antenna is too weak to receive energy at a position within ± 90 ° of the target, and cannot reach an effective coverage range of 180 °. At this time, in order to satisfy the requirement that the receiving antennas can receive the target electromagnetic wave echo well within the coverage of 180 degrees, 8 receiving antenna units 22 are arranged on the second column substrate 21, and the 8 receiving antenna units 22 are divided into 2 groups of receiving antenna unit groups, each group of receiving antenna unit group includes 4 receiving antenna units 22, and one receiving antenna unit 22 in each of the 2 groups of receiving antenna unit groups corresponds to the same receiving channel.
The 4 receiving antenna elements 22 of a group of receiving antenna elements are: RX1, RX2, RX3, RX4, and the 4 receiving antenna elements 22 of the other group of receiving antenna elements are: RX1 ', RX 2', RX3 'and RX 4', wherein RX1 and RX1 'correspond to the same receiving channel, RX2 and RX 2' correspond to the same receiving channel, RX3 and RX3 'correspond to the same receiving channel, and RX4 and RX 4' correspond to the same receiving channel, and the phase difference caused by the positive projection distance between the two receiving antenna units 22 of each receiving channel on the horizontal base plane is an integral multiple of 2 pi, so that the two receiving antenna units 22 of the same receiving channel are used for connecting a power divider with equal power.
By feeding the second feed ports 222 of the 8 receiving antenna units 22, as shown in fig. 11, fig. 11 shows a signal simulation diagram of the receiving antenna assembly 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagram that the antenna gains are all 11dB larger in the range of-90 ° to +/-90 °, and the maximum gain is 14.92dB, which can well satisfy the requirements of 180 ° coverage and higher antenna gain.
In some embodiments, as shown, fig. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of a receiving antenna assembly 20 provided by another embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 13 shows a signal simulation diagram of the receiving antenna assembly 20 provided by another embodiment of the present invention. In order to change the beam pointing direction of the receiving antenna unit 22, the spacing between the two groups of receiving antenna units may be adjusted (i.e. the spacing of the orthographic projection of the two receiving units on the horizontal base plane through the receiving channels is changed). As an example, the distance between the orthographic projections of the two receiving antenna units 22 on the horizontal base plane is λ3In this case, the directive angles of the two groups of receiving antenna units are biased to a larger angle.
Therefore, after the plurality of receiving antenna units 22 are divided into a plurality of groups of receiving antenna units, the minimum distance between two adjacent groups of receiving antenna units can be adjusted according to actual needs.
It should be noted that, when the same receiving channel corresponds to multiple receiving antenna units 22, the phase difference caused by the pitch of the orthogonal projections on the horizontal base plane between two adjacent receiving antenna units 22 may be an integer multiple of 2 pi, so that the multiple receiving antenna units 22 corresponding to the same receiving channel are used for the connection of the power divider with equal power.
Similarly, when the same transmission channel corresponds to a plurality of transmission antenna elements 12, the phase difference caused by the pitch of the orthographic projections on the horizontal base plane between two adjacent transmission antenna elements 12 may be an integral multiple of 2 pi, so as to connect the plurality of transmission antenna elements 12 corresponding to the same transmission channel to the power divider with equal power.
For the transmitting antenna assembly 10, when the plurality of transmitting antenna units 12 include a plurality of transmitting antenna unit groups, the minimum distance between two adjacent antenna unit groups may also be adjusted according to actual needs, and after the distance adjustment, the phase difference caused by the distance change needs to be compensated in the feeding network.
In other embodiments, the technical solution of the present application may be applied to antenna array forms such as 2-sending 4-receiving, 4-sending 4-receiving, 16-sending 16-receiving, etc., but is not limited thereto, and is not illustrated here. That is, the multiple transmitting antenna units 12 and the multiple receiving antenna units 22 form an n-transmitting m-receiving MIMO antenna array, that is, n transmitting channels and m receiving channels are formed, each transmitting channel corresponds to at least one transmitting antenna unit 12, each receiving channel corresponds to at least one receiving antenna unit 22, and n and m are both natural numbers greater than or equal to 2.
The present application further provides a radar including the antenna module 100 described in the above embodiments, specifically, the radar includes a radar chip and a feed network, and the radar chip is connected to the receiving antenna unit 22 and the transmitting antenna unit 12 of the antenna module 100 through the feed network. The radar of the embodiment of the application can realize a large detection coverage range.
It is to be noted that technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the present invention belong, unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "center", "thickness", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna module, comprising: the antenna system comprises a transmitting antenna assembly and a receiving antenna assembly, wherein the transmitting antenna assembly and the receiving antenna assembly are arranged in parallel on a preset plane;
the transmitting antenna assembly comprises a first cylindrical substrate and a plurality of transmitting antenna units which are arranged on one surface of the first cylindrical substrate in parallel along the circumferential direction;
the receiving antenna assembly comprises a second cylindrical substrate and a plurality of receiving antenna units which are arranged on one surface of the second cylindrical substrate in parallel along the circumferential direction;
a plurality of said transmit antenna elements and a plurality of said receive antenna elements are used to spatially form a MIMO antenna array for radar.
2. The antenna module of claim 1, wherein each of the transmitting antenna units comprises a plurality of first patch units, and the plurality of first patch units are configured in a predetermined manner to form the same or different first patch antennas;
each receiving antenna unit comprises a plurality of second patch units, and the second patch units are configured in a preset mode to form the same or different second patch antennas.
3. The antenna module of claim 2, wherein the plurality of transmitting antenna units comprise the same first patch antenna, and a distance between orthogonal projections of two adjacent first patch antennas on the preset plane is equal;
the plurality of receiving antenna units comprise the same second patch antennas, and the distances of orthographic projections of two adjacent second patch antennas on the preset plane are equal.
4. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the plurality of transmitting antenna units comprises at least two groups of transmitting antenna units, each group of transmitting antenna units comprises at least two transmitting antenna units, each transmitting antenna unit of each group of transmitting antenna units corresponds to a respective transmitting channel, and one transmitting antenna unit of each group of at least two groups of transmitting antenna units corresponds to the same transmitting channel.
5. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the plurality of receiving antenna units comprises at least two groups of receiving antenna units, each group of receiving antenna units comprises at least two receiving antenna units, each receiving antenna unit of each group of receiving antenna units corresponds to a respective receiving channel, and each receiving antenna unit of at least two groups of receiving antenna units has one receiving antenna unit corresponding to the same receiving channel.
6. The antenna module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radiating antenna assembly further comprises a first supporting member, the first supporting member has a cylindrical surface, the first cylindrical substrate is a flexible substrate, and the other side of the first cylindrical substrate, which is away from the receiving antenna unit, is attached to the cylindrical surface of the first supporting member;
the receiving antenna assembly further comprises a second supporting piece, the second supporting piece is provided with a cylindrical surface, the second cylindrical substrate is a flexible substrate, and the other surface, away from the transmitting antenna unit, of the second cylindrical substrate is attached to the cylindrical surface of the second supporting piece.
7. An antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said radiating and receiving antenna elements are juxtaposed parallel to one another in said predetermined plane.
8. An antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radiating and receiving antenna elements are arranged side by side in parallel in the predetermined plane.
9. The antenna module of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of transmit antenna elements of the transmit antenna assembly has a first feed port end, and each of the plurality of receive antenna elements of the receive antenna assembly has a second feed port end, the first feed port end being disposed opposite the second feed port end.
10. A radar, comprising: an antenna module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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