CN113464126A - Device and method for monitoring stratum change of drilling machine in drilling process - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring stratum change of drilling machine in drilling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113464126A CN113464126A CN202110397821.3A CN202110397821A CN113464126A CN 113464126 A CN113464126 A CN 113464126A CN 202110397821 A CN202110397821 A CN 202110397821A CN 113464126 A CN113464126 A CN 113464126A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B45/00—Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring stratum change of a drilling machine in a drilling process, wherein the device comprises at least two springs with the same length and performance indexes, a tension sensor arranged at the end part of each spring, a data terminal for recording and processing spring tension data measured by the tension sensor, and a service end for receiving the spring tension data recorded by the data terminal and reserving the spring tension data as a record, the method is matched with corresponding stratum types by converting continuous data into a mechanical change curve, namely the slope of the mechanical change curve can effectively represent the drilling speed of stratums with different depths to determine the stratum properties, the slope change of the mechanical change curve can effectively determine the depth of a rock-soil interface, the spring tension data is timely sent to the service end for backup, and the problem of counterfeiting of core sample placement of an operator can be effectively supervised, the authenticity and the accuracy of the exploration result are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of drilling engineering, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring stratum changes of a drilling machine in a drilling process.
Background
At present, human engineering structures are still built on the ground surface and exist depending on the reaction force of ground surface geotechnical layers, and the bearing capacity of foundation foundations, such as roads, bridges, houses, dams, wharfs and the like, is the primary and necessary condition for the existence of the human engineering structures.
The basement layer under the building foundation is a complex, uneven and variable multi-element assembly, so the aim of geological exploration is to find out the geological condition in a certain depth under the area where the building structure is located. The geological exploration means are various, including geological drilling machine drilling, manual excavation, engineering physical exploration and the like, and the most common exploration method in China is geological drilling machine drilling and rock core sample extraction vertical to the earth surface.
The geological drilling machine has the advantages of intuition, easy backtracking, strong experimenting performance, low economic cost, simple and convenient operation and the like, and particularly has obvious advantages in projects with simple stratums, small drilling depth and unsmooth progress requirement. However, in real work, the development of most of the stratums is extremely irregular and complex, such as coastal and river areas containing multiple stages of silt, weak interbedded and multiple-development rock formations with strong structural influence or metamorphism, invaded rock mass areas containing boulders, beaded karst or goaf development areas and the like.
The drilling work is carried out in the complex stratum region, not only the accurate layering depth recording and the rock core placing sequence are required, but also the abnormal conditions in the drilling process are observed and recorded, and the authenticity and the accuracy of the exploration result can be guaranteed. However, operators of geological drilling rigs in China generally do not have the required technical level and responsibility and the corresponding engineering and geological knowledge because of low cultural level and lack of standard training, and the inquiry and record lookup of field survey technicians are not enough to find the mutation or abnormal phenomenon of the stratum. Meanwhile, due to low-price malignant competition, schedule-arriving and other artificial reasons, core sample placement and counterfeiting, random rock-soil surface modification and other phenomena commonly exist in the geological drilling industry, and great difficulty and obstacle are brought to determining the lithology of the stratum of the work area and judging the change of the stratum of the work area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for monitoring stratum changes of a drilling machine in a drilling process, which aim to timely record stratum mutation or abnormity in the drilling process and perform discriminant analysis on rock-soil layer types, so that the situation of core sample placement and counterfeiting of operators is avoided.
The above object is achieved by the following technical solutions.
On one hand, the device for monitoring the stratum change of the drilling machine in the drilling process is characterized by comprising at least two springs with the same length and performance indexes, a fixer for fixing the springs on the drilling machine, a tension sensor arranged at the end part of each spring, a data terminal for recording and processing the tension data of the springs measured by the tension sensor, and a service end for receiving the tension data of the springs recorded by the data terminal and reserving the tension data as a record; the springs are parallel to a drill string of the drilling machine and are rotationally and symmetrically distributed around the drill string; the top end of the spring is fixed on a water faucet of the drilling machine through a fixer, and the bottom end of the spring is fixed on the top of a hydraulic system of the drilling machine through the fixer; the spring is in tension before each drill-in cycle begins.
The apparatus for monitoring formation changes during drilling of a drilling rig may be modified as follows.
The length of the spring is 1.5-2.5 meters, and the ultimate elastic deformation stretching amount is less than 4 meters.
The spring outside parcel has the protective sheath.
The data terminal comprises the following modules:
the data storage module is used for receiving and storing spring tension data measured by the tension sensor so as to record continuous data of the change of the tension applied to the spring along with time;
and the data transmission module is used for directly sending the spring tension data to a server for record.
And the data terminal and the server are respectively provided with a data processing module for processing the continuous data in the data storage module, drawing a mechanical change curve, connecting and fitting a plurality of spring tension data curves of drilling for the next time, and matching the mechanical change curve with the corresponding stratum type.
And the data terminal and the server are respectively provided with a human-computer interaction module for displaying various data information, charts, data comparison and abnormal prompts according to requirements.
In another aspect, a method of monitoring formation changes during drilling of a drilling rig is provided, comprising the steps of:
step one, using the device for monitoring the stratum change of the drilling machine in the drilling process, when the drilling machine starts the first drilling return, lifting the drill rod to the highest, opening mechanical sensors at two ends of a spring, and collecting spring tension data;
secondly, the drilling machine starts the first drilling, the mechanical sensor records the initial time of the first drilling, and when the first drilling is stopped, the mechanical sensor stops recording the spring tension data and records the end time of the first drilling;
resetting the spring tension to the spring tension data recorded by the tension sensor when the last round is terminated, then drilling for the Nth round, recording the initial drilling time for the N rounds by the mechanical sensor, collecting the spring tension data, and recording the termination time of the N rounds of drilling when the Nth round of drilling is stopped
And step four, repeating the step three until drilling is completed and a hole is finished, and receiving and recording all spring tension data by the data terminal and sending the spring tension data to the server side.
The method of monitoring formation changes during drilling of a drilling rig may be further modified as follows.
After the fourth step, the method further comprises the following steps: and step five, processing the continuous data in the data storage module, drawing a mechanical change curve, connecting and fitting the spring tension data curves of a plurality of drilling rounds, and matching the mechanical change curve with the corresponding stratum types.
The invention has the following advantages:
the continuous data are converted into mechanical change curves to be matched with corresponding stratum types, namely the slope of the mechanical change curves can effectively represent the drilling speed of strata with different depths to determine stratum attributes, the slope change of the mechanical change curves can effectively determine the depth of a rock-soil interface, the spring tension data are timely sent to a server to be backed up, the problem of counterfeiting of core sample placement of operators can be effectively supervised, and the authenticity and accuracy of a survey result are guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a device for monitoring formation changes of a drilling machine during drilling, which is arranged on the drilling machine, according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a system structure of the data terminal and the server;
FIG. 3 is a graph of spring tension F as a function of time t;
FIG. 4 is a graph of spring elongation H versus time t;
wherein: 1. a drilling machine; 101. a faucet; 102. the top of the hydraulic system; 103. a drill string; 2. a spring; 3. a holder; 4. a tension sensor; 5. and (6) a protective sleeve.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a device for monitoring formation changes of a drilling machine during drilling, which comprises two springs 2 with the same length and performance indexes, a fixer 3 for fixing the springs 2 on the drilling machine 1, a tension sensor 4 arranged at the end of each spring 2, wherein the tension sensor 4 is positioned between the end of each spring 2 and the fixer 3, a data terminal for recording and processing tension data of the spring 2 measured by the tension sensor 4, and a service end for receiving the tension data of the spring 2 recorded by the data terminal and reserving the tension data as a record; the spring 2 is parallel to the drill string 103 of the drilling machine 1 and is rotationally symmetrically distributed around the drill string 103; the top end of the spring 2 is fixed on a water faucet 101 of the drilling machine 1 through a fixer 3, and the bottom end of the spring is fixed on the top 102 of a hydraulic system of the drilling machine 1 through the fixer 3; before the start of each drill-in cycle, the spring 2 is in tension.
Specifically, the length of the spring 2 is 1.5-2.5 meters, and the elastic deformation limit stretching amount is less than 4 meters. Because the flexible volume of spring 2 overlength for the pulling force scope of spring 2 changes bigger, is difficult to the pulling force data that resets force sensor 4, so through the experiment, the length of the spring 2 of selecting is optimum to be 4 meters, and elastic deformation limit elongation is less than 4 meters.
Specifically, the spring 2 is externally wrapped with a protective sleeve 5. The influence of the spring 2 on the elastic performance of the spring 2 due to the corrosion of the external environment is avoided.
As shown in fig. 2, the data terminal includes a data storage module for receiving and storing the tension data of the spring 2 measured by the tension sensor 4, so as to record the continuous data of the tension applied to the spring 2 along with the time variation; the system also comprises a data transmission module for directly sending the tension data of the spring 2 to a server for recording
And the data terminal and the server are respectively provided with a data processing module for processing continuous data in the data storage module, the data processing module is used for connecting and fitting a plurality of spring 2 tension data curves of the drilling of the next time by drawing a mechanical change curve, and meanwhile, the mechanical change curve is matched with the corresponding stratum type. The data terminal and the server are both provided with a human-computer interaction module for displaying various data information, charts, data comparison and abnormal prompts according to needs.
The invention also provides a method of monitoring formation changes during drilling of a drilling rig 1 comprising the steps of:
102, the drilling machine 1 starts a first round of drilling, the mechanical sensor records initial time of the first round of drilling, when the first round of drilling stops, the mechanical sensor stops recording tension data of the spring 2 and records end time of the first round of drilling;
103, restoring the tension of the spring 2 to the tension data of the spring 2 recorded by the tension sensor 4 when the last drilling cycle is ended, then drilling the Nth drilling cycle, recording the initial time of the N drilling cycles by the mechanical sensor, collecting the tension data of the spring 2, and recording the ending time of the N drilling cycles when the Nth drilling cycle is stopped
And step 104, repeating the third step until drilling is completed and the hole is finished, and receiving and recording all the tension data of the spring 2 by the data terminal and sending the tension data to the server.
And 105, processing continuous data in the data terminal or the service end, drawing a mechanical change curve, connecting and fitting a plurality of spring 2 tension data curves drilled in the next drilling, and matching the mechanical change curve with the corresponding stratum type.
Specifically, for the spring 2 in the elastic deformation range, the elongation length H and the tensile force F of the spring 2 have a functional relationship H (G) (F), the function can be determined before starting the monitoring, in most cases linearly, that is, K is a constant, the graph of F-t shown in fig. 3 can be converted into a graph of H-t by H ═ g (F), and then the differential calculation of the function H (t) with respect to t is performed in the data processing module, i.e., dH/dt-v, where v is the drilling speed during drilling, the F-t graph of the original log may be finally converted into a v-H graph as shown in fig. 4, which may represent the drilling speed of the formation at different depths, different stratum attributes can be reflected according to the depth, so that evidentiary data can be provided for the cataloguing of the drilling stratum.
For the F-t diagram shown in FIG. 3, it can be used to determine the abrupt change point of the vertical change of the formation, for example, the node where F changes steeply and slowly with time often represents the rock-soil interface, the interlayer can be identified when the F abrupt change is reduced in a smaller amplitude, and the karst cave can be identified when the F abrupt change is reduced in a larger amplitude.
Under different geological conditions, an analyst can comprehensively analyze regional geological data and drilling core conditions, can also perform combined judgment on F-t, v-t and v-h graphs, and judges different rock strata or soil layers according to the size of v after determining abnormal or mutation depth nodes.
In the range of small stratum change, the data collected by a plurality of drill holes can be used for establishing a database of the regional geotechnical layer drilling F, H, v, and auxiliary evidence data are provided for geotechnical investigation work of other engineering projects in the same region. The difference between the drill bit and the engine used by the small geological drilling rig 1 is large in corresponding F, v difference, so that the model of the drilling rig 1 and the type of the drill bit need to be marked when data recording is adopted, and it needs to be noted that F-t diagrams and related data formed by different drilling rig models or types of drill bits cannot be mixed.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made thereto within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A device for monitoring stratum changes of a drilling machine in a drilling process is characterized by comprising at least two springs with the same length and performance indexes, a fixer for fixing the springs on the drilling machine, a tension sensor arranged at the end part of each spring, a data terminal for recording and processing spring tension data measured by the tension sensor, and a service end for receiving the spring tension data recorded by the data terminal and reserving the spring tension data as a record; the springs are parallel to a drill string of the drilling machine and are rotationally and symmetrically distributed around the drill string; the top end of the spring is fixed on a water faucet of the drilling machine through a fixer, and the bottom end of the spring is fixed on the top of a hydraulic system of the drilling machine through the fixer; the spring is in tension before each drill-in cycle begins.
2. The device for monitoring the stratum change of the drilling machine in the drilling process according to claim 1, wherein the length of the spring is 1.5-2.5 meters, and the elastic deformation limit stretching amount is less than 4 meters.
3. The apparatus for monitoring formation changes during drilling of a drilling rig as set forth in claim 2, wherein the spring is externally wrapped with a protective jacket.
4. The device for monitoring formation changes of a drilling machine in the drilling process according to any one of the claims 1-3, wherein the data terminal comprises the following modules:
the data storage module is used for receiving and storing spring tension data measured by the tension sensor so as to record continuous data of the change of the tension applied to the spring along with time;
and the data transmission module is used for directly sending the spring tension data to a server for record.
And the data terminal and the server are respectively provided with a data processing module for processing the continuous data in the data storage module, drawing a mechanical change curve, connecting and fitting a plurality of spring tension data curves of drilling for the next time, and matching the mechanical change curve with the corresponding stratum type.
5. The device for monitoring the stratum change of the drilling machine in the drilling process according to claim 4, wherein the data terminal and the server are provided with a human-computer interaction module for displaying various data information, charts, data comparison and abnormal prompts as required.
6. A method of monitoring formation changes during drilling of a drilling rig, comprising the steps of:
step one, using the device for monitoring the stratum change of the drilling machine in the drilling process, when the drilling machine starts the first drilling return, lifting the drill rod to the highest, opening mechanical sensors at two ends of a spring, and collecting spring tension data;
secondly, the drilling machine starts the first drilling, the mechanical sensor records the initial time of the first drilling, and when the first drilling is stopped, the mechanical sensor stops recording the spring tension data and records the end time of the first drilling;
resetting the spring tension to the spring tension data recorded by the tension sensor when the last round is terminated, then drilling for the Nth round, recording the initial drilling time for the N rounds by the mechanical sensor, collecting the spring tension data, and recording the termination time of the N rounds of drilling when the Nth round of drilling is stopped
And step four, repeating the step three until drilling is completed and a hole is finished, and receiving and recording all spring tension data by the data terminal and sending the spring tension data to the server side.
7. The method of monitoring formation changes during drilling by a drilling rig according to claim 6, further comprising, after step four: and step five, processing the continuous data in the data storage module, drawing a mechanical change curve, connecting and fitting the spring tension data curves of a plurality of drilling rounds, and matching the mechanical change curve with the corresponding stratum types.
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| CN202110397821.3A CN113464126A (en) | 2021-04-13 | 2021-04-13 | Device and method for monitoring stratum change of drilling machine in drilling process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114017003A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 深圳市房屋安全和工程质量检测鉴定中心 | Intelligent core drilling monitoring system with early warning function and monitoring method |
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2021
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114017003A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 深圳市房屋安全和工程质量检测鉴定中心 | Intelligent core drilling monitoring system with early warning function and monitoring method |
| WO2023078334A1 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-05-11 | 深圳市房屋安全和工程质量检测鉴定中心 | Intelligent core drilling monitoring system having early-warning function and monitoring method |
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