CN113450113B - Cross-chain interaction intelligent contract interaction model and collaborative execution system - Google Patents
Cross-chain interaction intelligent contract interaction model and collaborative execution system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An intelligent contract collaborative execution system comprises a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system. The source chain refers to a blockchain that initiates a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target blockchain of the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides cross-chain information transfer and verification. The intelligent contract collaborative execution process comprises the steps that a source chain initiates a cross-chain write operation, and the cross-chain system calls the cross-chain write intelligent contract on a target chain to attach transaction information to the target chain; executing the intelligent contract on the target chain; the source chain initiates a cross-chain reading operation, and asset information of a corresponding account on the target chain is acquired by calling a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through the cross-chain system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blockchain cross-linking, and particularly relates to an intelligent contract interaction model and a collaborative execution system for cross-linking interaction.
Background
With the continuous complexity of the application scene of the blockchain, the interaction requirement between chains is continuously improved. While transaction operations on blockchains are initiated and performed by smart contracts, interactions between multiple chains tend to be accomplished by smart contracts. Because of the characteristics of blockchains, intelligent contracts on one chain cannot directly call intelligent contracts on the other chain and acquire contract results, a cross-chain intelligent contract execution mechanism and method need to be researched and designed to meet the requirements of data and transaction interaction among multiple chains.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one embodiment of the invention, an intelligent contract collaborative execution system comprises a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system. The source chain refers to a blockchain that initiates a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target blockchain of the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides cross-chain information transfer and verification. The intelligent contract cooperation execution process comprises the following steps of,
the source chain initiates a cross-chain write operation, and the cross-chain system calls a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain to attach transaction information to the target chain;
executing a smart contract on the target chain;
and the source chain initiates a cross-chain reading operation, and the cross-chain system invokes the cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain to acquire asset information of the corresponding account on the target chain.
Drawings
The above, as well as additional purposes, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of cross-link contract invocation according to one of the embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-chain smart contract interaction model in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The biggest challenge for cross-chain smart contract implementation is how to establish an efficient connection and guarantee mechanism between two blockchains. There is less research on blockchain cross-chain intelligence contract interactions at present, and the interaction framework and mechanism of the cross-chain intelligence contracts are the main research directions at present. The execution environment of the intelligent contract is improved, the method is also an optimization method of the cross-chain intelligent contract, the technology such as safe multiparty calculation, trusted execution environment and the like is introduced to improve the execution capacity of the intelligent contract, and the operation performance of the intelligent contract is further optimized through a concurrent execution method, so that the development of the intelligent contract is simplified, and the interoperability capacity is improved.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a cross-chain interaction oriented intelligent contract collaborative execution method comprises the following steps: source chain, target chain, cross-chain system. The cross-link intelligent contract interaction model synchronizes the block header information of each participating block chain, monitors transaction information and verifies the transaction information through the cross-link contracts. The cross-chain write operation module initiates operation from the source chain, and transaction information is attached to the target chain by calling a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain through the cross-chain system. After the intelligent contracts on the target chain perform the operations, the state of the target chain changes. And the cross-chain read operation module initiates cross-chain read operation from the source chain, and acquires asset information of a corresponding account on the target chain by calling a cross-chain read intelligent contract of the target chain through the cross-chain system. The block head synchronization operation module performs block head synchronization operation on all access chains and cross-chain systems through a block head synchronization contract, so that the block head synchronization of all access chains and other chains can be realized only by keeping the block head synchronization of all access chains and the cross-chain systems.
According to one or more embodiments, a cross-chain interaction-oriented intelligent contract collaborative execution system comprises a cross-chain write operation module, a cross-chain read operation module and a block head synchronization operation module.
And the cross-link write operation module is used for influencing or changing the cross-link interaction operation of the target link state, initiating operation from the source link and attaching transaction information to the target link by calling the cross-link write intelligent contract on the target link through the cross-link system.
The cross-chain read operation module is used for acquiring corresponding information from the target chain by the source chain, but does not change the state of the target chain.
And the block head synchronous operation module is interacted with each access chain and is responsible for verifying and managing information, so that the complexity of work can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
And the intelligent contract collaborative execution system initiates the cross-link contract, verifies and executes the cross-link operation in the cross-link interaction process through the 3 operation modules, and finally realizes the interaction between the links through the interaction between the intelligent contracts. In this interaction, the participating subjects are of three types, including source chain, target chain, and cross-chain systems. The source chain refers to a chain that initiates a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target chain of the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides cross-chain information transfer and verification.
Among these, cross-chain interoperability can be divided into two major types: a cross-chain write operation and a cross-chain read operation. A cross-chain write operation initiates an operation from a source chain, and transaction information is appended to a target chain by calling a cross-chain write smart contract on the target chain by a cross-chain system. After the intelligent contracts on the target chain perform the operations, the state of the target chain changes. And (3) performing cross-chain reading operation, namely initiating the cross-chain reading operation from the source chain, and acquiring asset information of a corresponding account on the target chain by calling a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through the cross-chain system.
All access chains and the cross-chain system perform block head synchronization work through a block head synchronization contract, so that the block head synchronization of all access chains and other chains can be realized only by keeping the block head synchronization with the cross-chain system. And sending and broadcasting a signed block header between each accessed block chain and the cross-chain system, and verifying the transaction reliability through the moek tree information contained in the block header in the subsequent cross-chain transaction request verification process.
The intelligent contract cooperates with the execution system to ensure the atomicity of the cross-chain transaction, if the execution on one chain fails, the whole transaction executes a rollback operation, and the transaction is considered successful when all operations on all different chains are successfully executed.
According to one or more embodiments, a cross-chain system with intelligent contract collaborative execution function, as a coordinator of intelligent contract interaction and execution among multiple blockchains, needs to synchronize the blockhead information of each participating blockchain, monitor transaction information, and verify the transaction information through the cross-chain contracts.
The cross-link contract interactions and execution flow are as shown in fig. 1. A user initiates an operation across three blockchains, first initiating an intelligent contract conA on blockchain a, in which the function fura is executed. The function fura initiates the invocation of the corresponding contracts in blockchain B and blockchain C and performs the responsive function. Thus, the user initiates a cross-chain transaction that can alter the state of each blockchain, invoking each linked intelligent contract to perform the corresponding operation.
Taking cross-chain asset transfer as an example, lock a certain number of assets on blockchain A; initiating and invoking a smart contract on blockchain B from blockchain a, releasing the corresponding asset on blockchain B; before the release of the asset on blockchain B, blockchain B should be able to acquire from blockchain a that the asset thereon has been successfully locked; if blockchain B obtains and verifies asset locking information on blockchain A, performing an asset release operation by the smart contract on blockchain B; if the intelligent contract on blockchain B is not successfully executed, blockchain A acquires the failure information of asset release on blockchain B, and the locked asset is unlocked.
According to one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, an intelligent contract collaborative execution interaction model for cross-chain interaction includes three types of participating subjects, including source chains, target chains, and cross-chain systems. The source chain refers to a chain that initiates a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target chain of the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides cross-chain information transfer and verification.
The original chain initiating the cross-chain operation executes the cross-chain service, the contract of the source chain starts to execute the service logic and invokes the interface of the cross-chain, and the cross-chain contract processes the request and generates the block head containing the merck tree information and the cross-chain information of the cross-chain event. And submitting the merck certification to the contract of the cross-link system by the cross-link information of the source chain, and completing the update of the cross-link event ledger information from the synchronous block header information in the intelligent contract. The target link is subjected to merck certification submitted by a cross-chain system, transaction information verification is completed, block header information is synchronized, contracts are called, and the whole transaction process is finally completed.
The interactive model is cooperatively executed by the cross-chain intelligent contracts, analysis is carried out on the cross-chain write operation, the cross-chain read operation, the block head synchronous operation and the like, and basic support is provided for the cooperative operation of the cross-chain intelligent contracts. The execution of the cross-link intelligent contracts is based on the execution of each block-chain intelligent contract, and the execution of the cross-link intelligent contracts needs to be simple and efficient.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, a method of cross-link contract execution includes a cross-link contract two-phase protocol and a cross-link contract four-phase protocol.
In the process of cross-link contract operation, the key point is to execute the cross-link write operation, and the data sharing can be realized only by synchronizing the calling state of the cross-link read operation.
The cross-link contract two-stage execution process is to perform the collaborative execution of the intelligent contract based on the two-stage protocol by performing the cross-link contract on the two blockchains. The cross-link contract two-stage protocol comprises a preparation stage and a submitting stage, and the cross-link system performs one-time task issuing and one-time synchronous operation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, a user on a source chain A initiates a transaction Tx_A and invokes a contract on the source chain. When Tx_A is successful on source chain A, the following information is sent to the cross-chain system;
s2, triggering the cross-link operation, distributing corresponding contract calling data to a target link B by a cross-link system, and attaching proof: cross schain→ChainB (Tx_B, proof (H_ChainA++Tx_A)));
s3, the target chain B executes the cross-chain write operation, and after execution, the block chain returns execution state information to the cross-chain system;
and collecting return information by the cross-chain system to synchronize the execution conditions of all chains, judging whether all the chains related to the cross-chain atomic transaction are successful or not by the cross-chain system according to a return result, distributing the state information to the chain B to confirm the final state, and finishing the execution of the cross-chain contract.
The cross-link contract four-stage execution process is to finally add a confirmation stage on the basis of the original three stages. The cross-link contract four-stage protocol comprises a preparation stage, a pre-submitting stage, a submitting stage and a confirming stage, wherein a cross-link system in the four stages performs one-time task issuing and two-time synchronization operation. In the confirmation stage, the inter-chain system synchronizes the submitted execution state, the inter-chain system broadcasts the execution result, and each participating chain performs execution state check.
S1, a user on a source chain A initiates a transaction Tx_A and invokes a contract on the source chain. After tx_a succeeds on source chain a, send: chaina→cross schain (ChainB, tx_b; chainC, tx_c);
step S2, after the cross-link operation is triggered and enters a preparation stage, the cross-link system distributes corresponding contract calling data to the target link B and the target link C and appends proof so as to trigger pre-execution contracts, wherein calling information is as follows: cross schain→ChainB (Tx_B, proof (H_ChainA++Tx_A)));
s3, pre-executing related transactions by the target chain B and the target chain C through intelligent contracts on respective block chains, locking related resources aiming at cross-chain write operation, returning pre-execution success or failure information to a cross-chain system, and returning transaction information, state information and verification information;
s4, collecting return information by the cross-chain system to synchronize the pre-execution conditions of all chains, and after all chains are pre-executed successfully, sending submitted information to a source chain ChainA, a target chain B and a target chain C by the cross-chain system, and unlocking related resources by executing cross-chain write operation by the target chain:
ChainB→Crosschain:(Tx_B,Status_B,proof(H_ChainB^(Tx_B)))
ChainB→Crosschain:(Tx_C,Status_C,proof(H_ChainB^(Tx_B)))；
s5, collecting return information by the cross-link system to synchronize execution conditions of all links, judging whether all the links related to the cross-link atomic transaction are successful or not by the cross-link system according to a return result, distributing the state information to the participating links to confirm a final state, and finishing execution of the cross-link contract;
compared with the existing blockchain cross-link interaction mode, the cross-link interaction intelligent contract collaborative execution method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the problem of cross-link system interaction, the invention provides a collaborative execution method of a cross-link intelligent contract, and a set of cross-link intelligent contract interaction model is defined. The method includes a cross-link contract two-phase protocol and a cross-link contract four-phase protocol.
The cross-chain contract two-stage protocol comprises a preparation stage and a submission stage, can support cross-chain read operation and simple cross-chain write operation, and supports the scenario of 2-3 simple blockchain cross-chain contract calls.
The cross-link contract four-stage protocol comprises a preparation stage, a pre-submitting stage, a submitting stage and a confirming stage, wherein a cross-link system in the four stages can execute one-time task issuing and two-time synchronous operation, and can execute slightly complex cross-link contract calling scenes to realize more complex functions.
By comparing experimental analysis of multiple cross-link contract calls and concurrent cross-link contract calls of different blockchains, the cross-link contract execution method provided by the invention has relatively stable operation efficiency, and can support basic cross-link contract calls and collaborative execution.
It is to be understood that while the spirit and principles of the invention have been described in connection with several embodiments, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed nor does it imply that the features of these aspects are not combinable and that such is for convenience of description only. The invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. An intelligent contract collaborative execution system is characterized in that the system comprises a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system,
the source chain refers to the blockchain that initiates the cross-chain operation,
the target chain is a target blockchain of cross-chain operations,
the cross-chain system provides cross-chain information transfer and validation of blockchains,
the intelligent contract cooperation execution process comprises the following steps of,
the source chain initiates a cross-chain write operation, and the cross-chain system calls a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain to attach transaction information to the target chain;
executing a smart contract on the target chain;
the source chain initiates a cross-chain read operation, and the cross-chain system invokes a cross-chain read intelligent contract of the target chain to acquire asset information of a corresponding account on the target chain, where,
a cross-chain write operation for affecting or altering the state of the corresponding blockchain,
the cross-chain read operation, which does not affect the state of the corresponding chain, serves as information to return the corresponding chain,
the system performs block head synchronization on a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system through a block head synchronization contract,
the intelligent contract collaborative execution system also comprises a cross-chain write operation module, a cross-chain read operation module and a block head synchronous operation module,
the cross-link write operation module initiates operation from the source link, and the transaction information is added to the target link by calling the cross-link write intelligent contract on the target link through the cross-link system;
the cross-chain reading operation module initiates a cross-chain reading operation from a source chain, and acquires asset information of a corresponding account on a target chain by calling a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through a cross-chain system;
the block head synchronous operation module interacts with each access block chain, performs block head synchronous work through a block head synchronous contract, realizes the block head synchronization of each block chain,
the signed block header is sent and broadcast between each accessed block chain and the cross-chain system, in the subsequent cross-chain transaction request verification process, the transaction reliability verification is carried out through the moek tree information contained in the block header,
the cross-chain system performs the following steps:
step S1, a user on a source chain A initiates a transaction Tx_A, calls a contract on the source chain, and sends after Tx_A is successful on the source chain A: chaina→cross schain (ChainB, tx_b; chainC, tx_c);
step S2, after the cross-link operation is triggered and enters a preparation stage, the cross-link system distributes corresponding contract calling data to the target link B and the target link C and appends proof so as to trigger pre-execution contracts, wherein calling information is as follows: cross schain→ChainB (Tx_B, proof (H_ChainA++Tx_A)));
s3, pre-executing related transactions by the target chain B and the target chain C through intelligent contracts on respective block chains, locking related resources aiming at cross-chain write operation, returning pre-execution success or failure information to a cross-chain system, and returning transaction information, state information and verification information;
s4, collecting return information by the cross-chain system to synchronize the pre-execution conditions of all chains, and after all chains are pre-executed successfully, sending submitted information to a source chain ChainA, a target chain B and a target chain C by the cross-chain system, and unlocking related resources by executing cross-chain write operation by the target chain:
ChainB→Crosschain:(Tx_B,Status_B,proof(H_ChainB^(Tx_B) ))；
ChainC→Crosschain:(Tx_C,Status_C,proof(H_ChainC^(Tx_C) ))；
and S5, collecting return information by the cross-chain system to synchronize execution conditions of all chains, judging whether all the chains related to the cross-chain atomic transaction are successful or not by the cross-chain system according to a return result, distributing the state information to the participating chains to confirm a final state, and finishing execution of the cross-chain contract.
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