CN113418510A - High-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-standard farmland acceptance method based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, which improves the measurement mode of a land improvement project through unmanned aerial vehicle measurement, realizes the function of directly and efficiently measuring the high-standard basic farmland construction progress, and is beneficial to monitoring the construction progress and acceptance results. The invention adopts the low-altitude unmanned aerial surveying technology to carry out low-altitude aerial photography on main engineering facilities such as channels and production roads in a high-standard project area, then data processing is carried out to generate an orthographic image and a line drawing, the information such as the spatial positions, the spatial distribution, the length and the like of the channels, the roads and the facilities is accurately reflected, whether the channels, the roads and the facilities have changes or not can be quickly checked by matching the image with planning data, the defects of the traditional manual survey are effectively overcome, the interference of human factors is reduced, the working intensity of field operating personnel is reduced, and the efficiency of high-standard project rechecking is improved. The management level of high-grade supervision departments is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle surveying, and particularly relates to a high-standard farmland acceptance method based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
In the existing high-standard basic farmland construction project work, field survey and completion survey are required to be carried out in both planning design before project construction and completion acceptance after project completion, and project implementation can only be carried out on the spot check of a project area, so that the field work is large, meanwhile, disputes often exist due to the spot check, and an effective monitoring means is lacked in the whole acceptance process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the high-standard farmland acceptance method based on the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is used for measuring the high-standard basic farmland construction progress visually and efficiently.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-standard farmland acceptance method based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:
s1: making a route before the unmanned aerial vehicle flies;
s2: the flying unmanned aerial vehicle takes aerial photographs of the area to be measured and stores data;
s3: processing the data to generate a DOM orthophoto map and a DLG digital line map of the area to be detected;
s4: and (4) checking and accepting the high-standard farmland according to the image data obtained in the step (S3).
According to the scheme, in the step S1, the specific steps are as follows:
s11: the project planning and one-way project acceptance requirements are collected, a project range line is established, and a single project is newly built;
s12: sequentially converting the project scope line and the data format of the newly-built unidirectional project into a DXF format and a KML format;
s13: and (4) importing the KML file into a sky map platform, prejudging and designing a route of the aviation flight area indoors, and making a project technical design book.
Further, in step S2, the specific steps include:
s21: surveying the terrain of a region to be measured, and selecting the arrangement position of image control points; pre-judging the weather of a region to be tested on the same day;
s22: proceeding to the area to be tested, laying image control points, and selecting a take-off and landing field according to the weather and the geographic condition of the area to be tested on the test day;
s23: under the safe condition, the flying unmanned aerial vehicle takes aerial photographs of the area to be measured;
s24: and after the flight is finished, the unmanned aerial vehicle is recovered, and POS flight attitude data and flight images of the unmanned aerial vehicle are downloaded and stored.
Further, in step S3, the specific steps include:
s31: performing space-three encryption processing on the data obtained in the step S24 through space-three software to generate a DOM orthophotograph of the region to be detected;
s32: and performing stereo acquisition through stereo mapping software in a stereo environment to generate a DLG digital line mapping image.
Further, in step S31, the specific steps include:
s311: drawing and manufacturing a ground feature, a landform and a linear ground feature according to the aviation flying image, and collecting feature points and feature lines of the landform;
s312: extracting, filtering and generating a digital elevation according to the aerial image, and generating a DEM (digital elevation model) to obtain an aerial image result;
s313: editing and processing the error part through the aerial image result of the aerial image correction by the aerial three-encryption;
s314: processing the aerial image result by reference to the standard, wherein the processing comprises texture, coloring, color mixing, embedding and light evening;
s315: performing standard framing on the aerial image result according to the national standard;
s316: modularly establishing and manufacturing an aerial image result, and manufacturing metadata to obtain a digitized aerial image result;
s317: utilizing DEM to cut the scanned and processed digital aerial image into image data according to the specified map range, wherein the image data is a plan view comprising a kilometer grid, and a contour inner and outer finishing and a mark;
s318: and performing technical element quality inspection according to the specification to generate a DOM orthophoto map of the region to be detected.
Further, in step S32, the specific steps include:
s321: collecting and sorting aerial images into fruits, calling and superposing the aerial images, basic control data and historical pictures;
s322: selecting photo control points to be distributed in the breadth according to the breadth and the scale of the aviation flying image, and carrying out point position correspondence on the photos according to the distribution positions of the photo control points;
s323: carrying out GPS joint measurement on the outdoor photo control points by adopting RTK equipment, and checking the coincidence condition of the photos and the outdoor actual characteristic points;
s324: scanning and digitizing the aerial image, loading the aerial image on the image control point, calculating a field image control point with standard production and manufacturing by a control network, and encrypting the number of the field image control points by using the space-three to meet the requirement of generating a DLG digital line drawing;
s325: printing a DOM orthophoto map according to a standard map making process; manufacturing a terrain and a landform according to the aviation image acquisition, painting all elements of a topographic map, and repairing newly added land objects according to original data;
s326: carrying out three-dimensional acquisition in the central area of the overlapping part of the three-dimensional image pair to form a comprehensive digital result;
s327: according to the aviation image editing and inputting attributes, forming a DLG digital line drawing;
s328: checking the related parameter indexes of the drawing data to generate the related indexes and parameters of the drawing data;
s329: building and manufacturing a modularized result to form metadata; and (4) compiling and summarizing the overall result, filling a relevant record form, and checking and accepting the overall result.
Further, in the step S31, the null three software uses Inpho UASMaster software; in step S32, the stereogram software is MapMatrix software.
Further, in step S4, the specific steps include:
s41: in the process of acceptance, the length and the width of the high-standard basic farmland related engineering are measured through unmanned aerial vehicle photographic data;
s42: and rapidly comparing the DOM orthographic image with the engineering design drawing to obtain a conclusion whether the engineering completion condition is consistent with the design.
A computer storage medium having stored therein a computer program executable by a computer processor, the computer program executing a high-standard field acceptance method based on multi-rotor drones.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-standard farmland acceptance method based on the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, the advantages of high timeliness, strong maneuverability, high flexibility, high image resolution, objective fairness and the like of the unmanned aerial vehicle are utilized, the consistency and final effect of analysis construction and design are clearly checked and analyzed by improving the measuring mode of a land improvement project, the function of visually and efficiently measuring the high-standard basic farmland construction progress is realized, and the construction progress and acceptance result monitoring is facilitated.
2. The space geographic information data comprising the high-resolution orthographic images and the large-scale line drawing data are obtained through the photogrammetry technology of the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is light in size, flexible, free of special runway take-off and landing, small in influence of airspace control, capable of rapidly obtaining the images in a very short time, low in image obtaining cost and obvious in advantages in a small range and in difficult areas where people are difficult to reach.
3. The invention adopts the low-altitude unmanned aerial surveying technology to carry out low-altitude aerial photography on main engineering facilities such as channels and production roads in a high-standard project area, then data processing is carried out to generate an orthographic image and a line drawing, so that the information of the channels, the roads and the facilities such as the spatial positions, the spatial distribution, the length and the like is accurately reflected, the defects of the traditional manual surveying are effectively overcome, the working intensity of field operating personnel is reduced, and the surveying efficiency is improved.
4. The invention provides high-precision, omnibearing, real and reliable engineering recheck data and image data in high-standard basic farmland construction projects quickly and efficiently, and whether channels, roads and facilities have changes or not can be checked quickly by sleeving the images and planning data, so that the efficiency of rechecking the high-standard engineering is improved;
5. the invention makes objective and reasonable judgment on whether the high-standard basic farmland construction project completes the planning design task according to quality and quantity and whether the design requirement is met based on the high-resolution image and line data acquired by the low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology, strengthens the process supervision on the high-standard construction by applying the trap technology, reduces the interference of human factors, reduces the phenomena of hiding and reporting, randomly changing the route position, not constructing according to the plan and the like, improves the management level of a high-standard supervision department, is beneficial to the development of the high-standard construction towards the standard direction, and plays a supervision role on the financial capital construction project.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a production process of a low-altitude digital aerial photogrammetry DOM according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of digital aerial photogrammetry DLG production according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a DOM image of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
before the aviation flight, the planning design data of the project, the change verification and the one-way project acceptance in the project implementation are collected, the project scope line and the newly-built one-way project are generated into a DXF format through CAD software, a KML format is generated through the software, a KML file is imported into a sky map platform, the air route of the aviation flight area is pre-judged and designed indoors, and a project technical design book is made. And designing the layout position of the image control points according to the project production requirements and specifications, and exploring the terrain of the survey area in advance and prejudging the weather. After the unmanned aerial vehicle goes to the aviation flight and lays the photo control point, a good take-off landing field is selected according to the weather and the geographic condition of the current day in the survey area, the unmanned aerial vehicle is released to take a photograph of the aerial photograph of the survey area under the safe condition, and the flight attitude data (namely POS data) and the aviation flight image are downloaded after the aviation flight is finished. Returning to the room, performing space-three encryption processing on the data such as the aerial images by using space-three software such as Inpho UASMaster and the like to generate a DOM orthophoto map of the measuring area and edit an error part, importing the space-three engineering files processed by Inpho into space perspective software three-dimensional mapping software MapMatrix, and performing three-dimensional acquisition in a three-dimensional environment to produce a DLG digital line map.
The project at the early stage may only require to produce a DOM digital positive photographic image, and the DLG digital line drawing is required to be produced by later development, so that the DLG production requirement can be met according to the field control points of the production and manufacturing specification and by encrypting the number of the field control points. After the DOM is generated, the part of the positive shot image which is not ideal is edited in INPHO software. When acquiring the DLG, the central area of the overlapping area should be acquired in the stereo image in the stereo environment so as not to affect the data accuracy. In high standard basic farmland recheck, the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology can be well utilized to measure the length and width of relevant engineering, DOM images can be utilized to quickly compare with engineering design drawings, and whether the engineering completion condition is consistent with the design is obtained.
Referring to fig. 2, the production process of the low-altitude digital aerial photogrammetry DOM of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. writing a technical design book: according to the service area, making a related operation plan, related equipment and personnel, and making an operation standard according to a service target reference related technical specification;
2. aerial photography: starting flight operation according to the operation plan;
3. indoor layout according to regions: according to the range of the operation area, carrying out block division according to a plan;
4. controlling and measuring outdoor photos: according to the block size, control points are distributed according to the standard;
5. air encryption: according to field control points, carrying out control point encryption work in the interior;
6. collecting landform characteristic points and lines: drawing and manufacturing ground features, landforms and linear ground features according to the aerial photos;
DEM generation: performing digital elevation extraction, filtering and generation according to the aerial photo;
8. aerial image: making an image fruit according to the aviation flight preliminary result;
9. image correction: correcting the aerial image result according to the finished air-to-air encryption control;
10. color matching, inlaying, light evening and color matching: according to the results of the aerial photo, the related internal processing such as texture, coloring and the like is carried out on the results by referring to the specification;
11. cutting according to the picture: standard framing is carried out on the aviation documentary achievements according to the national standard;
12. metadata preparation: building and manufacturing a result in a modularization way;
DOM data file: image data generated by cutting scanned digital aviation photo according to specified picture range by DEM, plan view with kilometer grid, outline (inside and outside) finishing and mark
14. Quality inspection: performing quality inspection on the technical elements according to relevant specifications;
15. and (4) result submission: and forming a final result.
Referring to fig. 3, the digital aerial photogrammetry DLG production process of the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
1. collecting photo data, basic control data and other related data: sorting aerial photography results, calling and utilizing related control data, collecting other historical pictures and related data, and performing superposition analysis and utilization;
2. arranging photo control points: selecting and arranging control points in the breadth according to the breadth of the picture and the scale and the standard;
3. selecting thorns at photo control points: controlling the layout position according to the photo, and carrying out point location correspondence on the photo;
4. and (3) photo control point GPS joint measurement: measuring the field image control point by using RTK equipment;
5. field achievement inspection: checking the coincidence condition of the photo and the actual characteristic points in the field;
6. image scanning: scanning and digitizing the aerial image;
7. aerial triangulation: carrying out control network resolving on the loaded navigation sheet data of the distributed related control points;
8. print DOM orthophoto map: printing an orthographic image according to a standard image making process;
9. and (3) topographic map all-element adjustment drawing and newly added ground object repairing and measuring: manufacturing a terrain and a landform according to the data acquisition of the aerial photo, and meanwhile, repairing and newly adding by using original data;
10. the three-dimensional data disc collects: forming comprehensive digital data results and forming various digital results;
DLG data editing and attribute entry: forming a digital topographic map DLG type according to the aerial image;
12. data checking: checking related parameter indexes of the drawing data;
13. generating drawing data: generating related indexes and parameters in the process of making the drawing;
14. metadata preparation: building and manufacturing a result in a modularization way;
15. and (4) result data arrangement: the overall results are compiled and summarized;
16. filling in a document book: filling in relevant record form books such as file reservation and the like;
17. and (4) checking and accepting the results: and (5) carrying out inspection and acceptance work on the whole result.
Data application
As can be seen from fig. 4, the trench engineering is matched with the image mosaic, the DOM image is very clear after being amplified, the DOM image is matched with the inspection point with accuracy, and the length can be measured in the software such as ArcGIS through the DOM image data.
According to data comparison, the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology completely meets the requirement of project rechecking in high-standard farmland length rechecking, the operation area is large, the traditional RTK measurement or roller device measurement is compared, manpower and cost are greatly reduced by using the unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology in the project rechecking, and the method is visual and effective.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a high standard farmland acceptance method based on many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: making a route before the unmanned aerial vehicle flies;
s2: the flying unmanned aerial vehicle takes aerial photographs of the area to be measured and stores data;
s3: processing the data to generate a DOM orthophoto map and a DLG digital line map of the area to be detected;
s4: and (4) checking and accepting the high-standard farmland according to the image data obtained in the step (S3).
2. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the specific steps are as follows:
s11: according to project planning and one-way project acceptance requirements, a project range line is established and a single project is newly built;
s12: sequentially converting the project scope line and the data format of the newly-built unidirectional project into a DXF format and a KML format;
s13: and (4) importing the KML file into a sky map platform, prejudging and designing a route of the aviation flight area indoors, and making a project technical design book.
3. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S2, the specific steps are as follows:
s21: surveying the terrain of a region to be measured, selecting the arrangement position of image control points, and carrying out encryption work on the control points; pre-judging the weather of a region to be tested on the same day;
s22: proceeding to the area to be tested, laying image control points, and selecting a take-off and landing field according to the weather and the geographic condition of the area to be tested on the test day;
s23: under the safe condition, the flying unmanned aerial vehicle takes aerial photographs of the area to be measured;
s24: and after the flight is finished, the unmanned aerial vehicle is recovered, and POS flight attitude data and flight images of the unmanned aerial vehicle are downloaded and stored.
4. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S3, the specific steps are as follows:
s31: performing space-three encryption processing on the data obtained in the step S24 through space-three software to generate a DOM orthophotograph of the region to be detected;
s32: and performing stereo acquisition through stereo mapping software in a stereo environment to generate a DLG digital line mapping image.
5. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step S31, the specific steps are as follows:
s311: drawing and manufacturing a ground feature, a landform and a linear ground feature according to the aviation flying image, and collecting feature points and feature lines of the landform;
s312: extracting, filtering and generating a digital elevation according to the aerial image, and generating a DEM (digital elevation model) to obtain an aerial image result;
s313: editing and processing the error part through the aerial image result of the aerial image correction by the aerial three-encryption;
s314: processing the aerial image result by reference to the standard, wherein the processing comprises texture, coloring, color mixing, embedding and light evening;
s315: performing standard framing on the aerial image result according to the national standard;
s316: modularly establishing and manufacturing an aerial image result, and manufacturing metadata to obtain a digitized aerial image result;
s317: utilizing DEM to cut the scanned and processed digital aerial image into image data according to the specified map range, wherein the image data is a plan view comprising a kilometer grid, and a contour inner and outer finishing and a mark;
s318: and performing technical element quality inspection according to the specification to generate a DOM orthophoto map of the region to be detected.
6. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step S32, the specific steps are as follows:
s321: collecting and sorting aerial images into fruits, calling and superposing the aerial images, basic control data and historical pictures;
s322: selecting photo control points to be distributed in the breadth according to the breadth and the scale of the aviation flying image, and carrying out point position correspondence on the photos according to the distribution positions of the photo control points;
s323: carrying out GPS joint measurement on the outdoor photo control points by adopting RTK equipment, and checking the coincidence condition of the photos and the outdoor actual characteristic points;
s324: scanning and digitizing the aerial image, loading the aerial image on the image control point, calculating a field image control point with standard production and manufacturing by a control network, and encrypting the number of the field image control points by using the space-three to meet the requirement of generating a DLG digital line drawing;
s325: printing a DOM orthophoto map according to a standard map making process; manufacturing a terrain and a landform according to the aviation image acquisition, painting all elements of a topographic map, and repairing newly added land objects according to original data;
s326: carrying out three-dimensional acquisition in the central area of the overlapping part of the three-dimensional image pair to form a comprehensive digital result;
s327: according to the aviation image editing and inputting attributes, forming a DLG digital line drawing;
s328: checking the related parameter indexes of the drawing data to generate the related indexes and parameters of the drawing data;
s329: building and manufacturing a modularized result to form metadata; and (4) compiling and summarizing the overall result, filling a relevant record form, and checking and accepting the overall result.
7. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step S31, the null three software adopts Inpho UASMaster software; in step S32, the stereogram software is MapMatrix software.
8. The high-standard farmland acceptance method based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step S4, the specific steps are as follows:
s41: in the process of acceptance, the length and the width of the high-standard basic farmland related engineering are measured through unmanned aerial vehicle photographic data;
s42: and rapidly comparing the DOM orthographic image with the engineering design drawing to obtain a conclusion whether the engineering completion condition is consistent with the design.
9. A computer storage medium, characterized in that: stored therein is a computer program executable by a computer processor to perform a method of high-standard field acceptance based on multi-rotor drones as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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