CN113386923B - Method for searching horizontal reference surface on water - Google Patents
Method for searching horizontal reference surface on water Download PDFInfo
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- CN113386923B CN113386923B CN202110757260.3A CN202110757260A CN113386923B CN 113386923 B CN113386923 B CN 113386923B CN 202110757260 A CN202110757260 A CN 202110757260A CN 113386923 B CN113386923 B CN 113386923B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B81/00—Repairing or maintaining vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B83/00—Rebuilding or retrofitting vessels, e.g. retrofitting ballast water treatment systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a method for finding a horizontal reference surface on water. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, demarcating the auxiliary line position: defining the position of an auxiliary line according to newly installed equipment of a ship; s2, determining the coordinates of the center of the base: determining the center coordinates of a required base according to newly installed equipment of a ship; s3, marking a process line: drawing an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9mm rib inspection line and a hull center line; s4, setting a height marker post: setting a height marking pole according to the center coordinates of the base by taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9mm rib inspection line and a hull center line as references; and S5, determining a horizontal reference plane. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the three fixed points are found out firstly, then the laser theodolite or the total station passes through or is parallel to the three fixed points, the structure parallel surface can be found on the water floating body, and the influence of ship shaking or inclination on finding the horizontal reference surface is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a method for finding a horizontal reference surface on water.
Background
In the process of ship construction, particularly in the process of repairing and refitting ships, a method for finding a datum plane on water is often needed due to the addition of new equipment. At present, a reference plane is mainly found by a laser theodolite or a total station, but a fixed plane or a horizontal plane is firstly required before the reference plane is found, otherwise, the instrument cannot be leveled by itself. However, under the influence of tide water and sailing waves of passing ships, the ships are dynamically shaken when floating on water, and a fixed plane or a horizontal plane cannot be found by an instrument in the dynamic process of the ships.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for finding a horizontal reference surface on water, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, and comprises the steps of firstly finding out three fixed points, then enabling a laser theodolite or a total station to pass through or be parallel to the three fixed points, and finding out a structural parallel surface on a water floating body, thereby avoiding the influence of the shaking or the inclination of a ship on finding the horizontal reference surface.
In order to achieve the above object, a method for finding a horizontal reference surface on water is designed, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, defining an auxiliary line position: defining the position of an auxiliary line according to newly installed equipment of a ship;
s2, determining the coordinates of the center of the base: determining the center coordinates of a required base according to newly installed equipment of a ship;
s3, marking a process line: drawing an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9mm rib inspection line and a hull center line;
s4, setting a height marker post: setting a height marking pole according to the center coordinates of the base by taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9mm rib inspection line and a hull center line as references;
s5, determining a horizontal reference plane: and finding out three fixed points, and obtaining a horizontal reference plane according to the three fixed points.
The step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s1-1, selecting the transverse bulkhead closest to the newly installed equipment on the reverse side of the upper deck of the ship, and marking the transverse bulkhead as an FR131 transverse bulkhead;
s1-2, in the ship length direction, FR132 rib position line to FR156 rib position line are defined in sequence with FR131 transverse bulkhead as the starting point and 800mm as the interval.
The step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s3-1, measuring the distance between the structure in the ship and the adjacent nearest first deck longitudinal joint line in the position from FR131 transverse bulkhead to FR132 rib line on the reverse side of the upper deck of the ship, refuting the distance value on the deck surface, popping up by using a chalk line, and setting the distance value as a first assumed central line of the ship;
s3-2, on the first assumed center line, a position 500mm away from the FR131 transverse bulkhead is set as an FR131+500mm positioning point and recorded as a point b;
s3-3, marking a point a and a point c on the left side and the right side of the upper deck of the ship, which are 12000mm away from the first assumed center line, respectively, wherein the distance between the point a and the FR131 transverse bulkhead is 500 mm;
s3-4, pulling a first piano wire through the points a and c, checking whether the first piano wire passes through the marked middle point b, if so, performing S3-5, if not, popping a connecting line of the points a and c by using a pink line to serve as an FR131+500mm rib check line, and performing S3-6;
s3-5, enabling the first piano wire to approach the point b in parallel, controlling the deviation value to be within +/-3 mm, re-scratching the points a and c on a deck according to the adjusted position of the first piano wire, popping a connecting line of the points a and c by using a chalk line to serve as an FR131+500mm rib check line, and performing the step S3-6;
s3-6, in the position from the FR154 rib position line to the FR156 rib position line on the reverse side of the deck on the ship, measuring the longitudinal joint distance between the structure in the ship and the nearest second deck adjacent to the structure in the ship, refuting the distance value on the deck surface, popping up by using a chalk line, and setting the distance value as a second assumed center line of the ship;
s3-7, finding the FR155 rib position line according to the FR131 transverse bulkhead, and marking the intersection point of the second assumed center line and the FR155 rib position line as an FR155 position point;
s3-8, respectively drawing circular arcs by taking the point a and the point c as the centers of circles, wherein the radiuses of the two circular arcs are respectively the distance from the point a to the FR155 position point plus 500mm, and the distance from the point c to the FR155 position point plus 500mm, the two circular arcs are intersected at the point d, the point b and the point d are connected by a second piano wire, and whether the position points of the FR155 pass is checked; if the deviation exists, performing step S3-9, if the deviation does not exist, popping up the connecting line of the point b and the point d by using a chalk line to be used as the center line of the ship body, and performing step S3-10;
s3-9, enabling the second piano wire to approach to the FR155 position point in parallel, controlling the deviation value to be within +/-2 mm, re-marking the points b and d on the deck according to the adjusted position of the second piano wire, then popping up the points b and d by using the chalk line to serve as the center line of the ship body, and carrying out the step S3-10;
s3-10, using FR131+500mm rib test line as reference, drawing the FR134+31mm rib test line and the FR151-9mm rib test line in parallel by using a long tape.
The step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s4-1, marking a cross mounting line of the base according to the central coordinate of the base by taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9 rib inspection line and a hull central line as references, and mounting the base on the cross mounting line of the base;
s4-2, respectively arranging height mark poles at positions of each base cross mounting line which are extended outwards by 500mm from the toe end of the base;
s4-3, writing a base number at the base installation position;
s4-4, taking FR131 transverse bulkhead, taking the height of the deck within 31000mm from the cross mounting line of the base as a horizontal reference, and taking 3545mm downwards in parallel as a horizontal inspection line of 100mm deviation of the upper plane of the deck plate of the base.
The step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
s5-1, measuring two points on a horizontal inspection line on an FR131 transverse bulkhead and at a distance of 27455mm from a base cross mounting line, namely, a point P and a point S, respectively, measuring the horizontal inspection line on the FR131 transverse bulkhead and at a distance of 27455mm from the base cross mounting line and a height value H1 of a deck at the position, arranging a movable marker post with the same height value H1 at an FR155+500mm position, marking a point H at the top end of the movable marker post, and enabling a laser theodolite or a total station to pass through or be parallel to the point P, the point S and the point H to obtain an assumed base plane;
and S5-2, marking the supposed base surface determined in the step S5-1 on the erected height mark post through laser points, and drawing a third piano wire to be used as a height positioning reference of the base table top plate, namely a horizontal reference surface.
In the step S5-1, the distances from the points P and S to the center line of the ship body are greater than the distances from the points a and c to the center line of the ship body.
The height marker post is made of 20# channel steel and is 1.5m in height.
The height mark post is supported by an inclined strut.
The quantity of base be eight.
The number of the height mark posts is 14.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the three fixed points are found out firstly, then the laser theodolite or the total station passes through or is parallel to the three fixed points, the structure parallel surface can be found on the water floating body, and the influence of the shaking or the inclination of the ship on the finding of the horizontal reference surface is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating step S3-1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating step S3-2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of step S3-3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of step S3-3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating step S3-4 according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating step S3-6 according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating step S3-7 according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating step S3-8 according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating step S4-1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating step S4-2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating step S4-4 according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating step S5-1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating step S5-2 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment is a method for searching a horizontal reference surface when a regasification module is added to a head of a wheel of Gaola Vijing located on a water surface, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, demarcating the auxiliary line position: defining the position of an auxiliary line according to newly installed equipment of a ship;
s2, determining the coordinates of the center of the base: determining the center coordinates of a required base according to newly installed equipment of the ship;
s3, marking a process line: drawing an FR134+31mm rib inspection line 12, an FR151-9mm rib inspection line 13 and a hull center line 11;
s4, setting a height marker post: setting a height mark post 15 according to the center coordinates of the base by taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line 12, an FR151-9mm rib inspection line 13 and a hull center line 11 as references;
s5, determining a horizontal reference plane: and finding out three fixed points, and obtaining a horizontal reference plane according to the three fixed points.
Step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s1-1, selecting the transverse bulkhead closest to the newly installed equipment on the reverse side of the upper deck 4 of the ship, and marking the transverse bulkhead as an FR131 transverse bulkhead 1;
s1-2, FR132 rib bit line, FR133 rib bit line, FR134 rib bit line, FR135 rib bit line, FR136 rib bit line, FR137 rib bit line, FR138 rib bit line, FR139 rib bit line, FR140 rib bit line, FR141 rib bit line, FR142 rib bit line, FR143 rib bit line, FR144 rib bit line, FR145 rib bit line, FR146 rib bit line, FR147 rib bit line, FR148 rib bit line, FR149 rib bit line, FR150 rib bit line, FR151 rib bit line, FR152 rib bit line, FR153 rib bit line, FR154 rib bit line, FR155 rib bit line, FR156 rib bit line 8, FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, FR132 rib bit line to FR156 rib bit line 8 are defined in this order at intervals of 800mm in the ship length direction from the FR131 transverse bulkhead.
In step S2, the pedestals in this embodiment are H1 to H8, and the center coordinates of each pedestal are shown in the following table. Wherein. X is the ship length direction, Y is the ship width direction, Z is the ship height direction, the upper surface of the base deck plate, S is the ship starboard, and P is the ship port.
As shown in the table above, the distance from the center point of the H1 base to FR131+500mm is 1931mm, namely, the distance from the center line 11 of the ship body to the center line 12 of the FR134+31mm is 9704 mm.
Step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s3-1, measuring the distance between the longitudinal joint 2 of the first deck of the ship and the nearest adjacent structure in the position from FR131 transverse bulkhead 1 to FR132 rib line on the reverse side of the upper deck 4 of the ship, refuting the distance value on the deck surface, popping up by using a chalk line, and setting the distance value as a first assumed center line 3 of the ship;
s3-2, on the first assumed center line 3, a 500mm position which is apart from the FR131 and traverses the bulkhead 1 is set as an FR131+500mm positioning point and is marked as a point b;
s3-3, marking a point a and a point c respectively at the left side and the right side of 12000mm from the first assumed center line 3 at the upper deck 4 of the ship, wherein the distance between the point a and the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1 is 500 mm;
s3-4, pulling a first piano wire through the points a and c, checking whether the first piano wire passes through the marked middle point b, if so, performing S3-5, if not, popping a connecting line of the points a and c by using a pink line to serve as an FR131+500mm rib inspection line 5, and performing S3-6;
s3-5, enabling the first piano wire to approach the point b in parallel, controlling the deviation value to be within +/-3 mm, re-scratching the points a and c on a deck according to the adjusted position of the first piano wire, popping a connecting line of the points a and c by using a chalk line to serve as an FR131+500mm rib check line 5, and performing the step S3-6;
s3-6, in the position from the FR154 rib position line to the FR156 rib position line 8 on the reverse side of the deck on the ship, measuring the distance between the longitudinal joint 6 of the second deck adjacent to the structure in the ship, refuting the distance value on the deck surface, popping up by using a chalk line, and setting the distance value as a second assumed center line 7 of the ship;
s3-7, finding the FR155 rib position line 9 according to the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, and marking the intersection point of the second assumed central line 7 and the FR155 rib position line 9 as an FR155 position point;
s3-8, respectively drawing circular arc lines 10 by taking a point a and a point c as circle centers, wherein the radiuses of the two circular arc lines 10 are respectively the distance from the point a to an FR155 position point plus 500mm, and the distance from the point c to the FR155 position point plus 500mm, the two circular arc lines are intersected at a point d, the point b and the point d are connected by a second piano wire, and whether the position points of the FR155 pass is checked; if the deviation exists, performing step S3-9, if the deviation does not exist, popping the connecting line of the point b and the point d by using a chalk line to be used as the hull central line 11, and performing step S3-10;
s3-9, enabling the second piano wire to approach to the FR155 position point in parallel, controlling the deviation value to be within +/-2 mm, re-marking the points b and d on the deck according to the adjusted position of the second piano wire, then popping up the points b and d by using the chalk line to serve as the center line 11 of the ship body, and carrying out the step S3-10;
s3-10, using FR131+500mm rib test line as reference, drawing the FR134+31mm rib test line 12 and the FR151-9mm rib test line 13 in parallel by using a long tape.
Step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s4-1, marking a cross mounting line of the base according to the central coordinate of the base by taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9 rib inspection line and a hull central line as references, and mounting the base 14 on the cross mounting line of the base;
s4-2, respectively arranging height mark rods 15 at positions of each base cross mounting line which are extended outwards by 500mm from the toe end of the base;
s4-3, writing pedestal numbers H1-H8 at the pedestal mounting position;
s4-4, taking FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, taking the height from 31000mm inner deck 19 of base cross mounting line as horizontal reference, and taking 3545mm downwards in parallel as horizontal inspection line 16 of 100mm deviation of upper plane of base deck plate.
Step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
s5-1, on an FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, measuring two points from the left and right on a horizontal inspection line 16 which is away from a base cross mounting line 27455mm in height, respectively marking the two points as a point P and a point S, measuring the horizontal inspection line 16 which is away from the base cross mounting line 27455mm in height on the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1 and a height value H1 of a deck at the position, then arranging a movable marker post with the same height value H1 at the position FR155+500mm, marking the point H at the top end of the movable marker post, and enabling a laser theodolite 20 or a total station to pass through or be parallel to the point P, the point S and the point H to obtain an assumed base surface 18;
and S5-2, marking the supposed base surface determined in the step S5-1 on the erected height mark post through laser points, and drawing the third piano wire 17 to be used as a height positioning reference of the base table top plate, namely a horizontal reference surface.
In step S5-1, the distances from the points P and S to the center line of the ship body are greater than the distances from the points a and c to the center line of the ship body.
In step S3-7, when the FR155 rib position line 9 is found according to the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, 24 rib positions are spaced between the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1 and the FR155 rib position line 9, and the distance between adjacent rib positions is 800mm, then the FR155 rib position line 9 is located 18700mm away from the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1.
In step S3-10, when the FR131+500mm rib check line is used as a reference, and the FR134+31mm rib check line 12 is drawn out in parallel by a long tape, the FR134 rib position line is first found according to the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, and then the distance between the FR131+500mm rib check line and the FR134+31mm rib check line 12 is calculated, that is, the distance between 800mm multiplied by 3 rib position lines is 2400mm, minus 500mm, plus 31mm, is 1931mm, and is the FR134+31mm rib check line. The FR134+31mm rib test line 12 and the FR131+500mm rib test line are parallel to each other.
In step S3-10, when the FR151-9mm rib check line 13 is drawn out in parallel by a long tape measure with FR131+500 rib check line as a reference, the FR151 rib position line is first found according to the FR131 transverse bulkhead 1, and then the distance between the FR131+500mm rib check line and the FR151-9mm rib check line 13 is calculated, i.e., the distance between 800mm multiplied by 20 rib position lines is 16000mm, minus 500mm, minus 9mm, equal to 15491mm, i.e., the FR151-9mm rib check line. The FR151-9mm rib test line 13 and the FR131+500mm rib test line are parallel to each other.
The number of height markers 15 is 14. The height marker post 15 is made of 20# channel steel and has the height of 1.5 m. The height marker 15 is supported by a diagonal brace.
According to the invention, three fixed points are found out firstly, and then the laser theodolite or the total station passes through or is parallel to the three fixed points, so that the structure parallel surface can be found on the water floating body, and the influence of ship shaking or inclination on finding the horizontal reference surface is avoided.
Claims (6)
1. A method for finding a horizontal reference surface on water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, demarcating the auxiliary line position: defining the position of an auxiliary line according to newly installed equipment of a ship;
s2, determining the coordinates of the center of the base: determining the center coordinates of a required base according to newly installed equipment of a ship;
s3, marking a process line: drawing an FR134+31mm rib inspection line (12), an FR151-9mm rib inspection line (13) and a hull center line (11);
s4, setting a height marker post: setting a height marker post (15) by taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line (12), an FR151-9mm rib inspection line (13) and a hull center line (11) as references according to the center coordinates of a base;
s5, determining a horizontal reference plane: finding out three fixed points, and obtaining a horizontal reference plane according to the three fixed points;
the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s1-1, selecting the transverse bulkhead closest to the newly installed equipment on the reverse side of the deck (4) of the ship, and marking the transverse bulkhead as an FR131 transverse bulkhead (1);
s1-2, in the length direction of the ship, an FR132 rib position line to an FR156 rib position line (8) are defined in sequence by taking an FR131 transverse bulkhead as a starting point and taking 800mm as an interval;
the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s3-1, measuring the distance between the structure in the ship and the nearest first deck longitudinal joint (2) adjacent to the structure in the ship in the position from FR131 transverse bulkhead (1) to FR132 rib line on the reverse side of an upper deck (4) of the ship, refuting the distance value on the deck surface, and popping up by using a chalk line to set the distance value as a first assumed central line (3) of the ship;
s3-2, on the first assumed center line (3), a position 500mm away from the FR131 transverse bulkhead (1) is set as an FR131+500mm positioning point and is marked as a point b;
s3-3, marking a point a and a point c respectively at the left side and the right side of 12000mm away from a first assumed center line (3) at the upper deck (4) of the ship, wherein the distance between the point a and the FR131 transverse bulkhead (1) is 500 mm;
s3-4, pulling a first piano wire through the points a and c, checking whether the first piano wire passes through the marked middle point b, if so, performing S3-5, if not, popping a connecting line of the points a and c by using a pink line to serve as an FR131+500mm rib check line (5), and performing S3-6;
s3-5, enabling the first piano wire to approach the point b in parallel, controlling the deviation value to be within +/-3 mm, re-scratching the points a and c on a deck according to the adjusted position of the first piano wire, popping a connecting line of the points a and c by using a chalk line to serve as an FR131+500mm rib check line (5), and performing S3-6;
s3-6, in the position from the FR154 rib position line to the FR156 rib position line (8) on the reverse side of the deck on the ship, measuring the distance between the structure in the ship and the nearest second deck longitudinal joint (6) adjacent to the structure in the ship, refuting the distance value on the deck surface, popping up by using a chalk line, and setting the distance value as a second assumed center line (7) of the ship;
s3-7, finding the FR155 rib position line (9) according to the FR131 transverse bulkhead (1), and marking the intersection point of the second assumed center line (7) and the FR155 rib position line (9) as an FR155 position point;
s3-8, drawing a circular arc line (10) by respectively taking a point a and a point c as circle centers, wherein the radiuses of the two circular arc lines (10) are respectively the distance from the point a to an FR155 position point plus 500mm, and the distance from the point c to the FR155 position point plus 500mm, the two circular arc lines are intersected at a point d, a second piano wire is used for connecting the point b and the point d, and whether the point b passes the FR155 position point is checked; if the deviation exists, the step S3-9 is carried out, if the deviation does not exist, the connecting line of the point b and the point d is popped up by a chalk line to be used as the center line (11) of the ship body, and the step S3-10 is carried out;
s3-9, enabling the second piano wire to approach to the FR155 position point in parallel, controlling the deviation value to be within +/-2 mm, re-marking the points b and d on the deck according to the adjusted position of the second piano wire, then popping up the points b and d by using the chalk line to serve as the center line (11) of the ship body, and carrying out the step S3-10;
s3-10, drawing an FR134+31mm rib inspection line (12) and an FR151-9mm rib inspection line (13) in parallel by using a long tape measure with an FR131+500mm rib inspection line as a reference;
the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s4-1, taking an FR134+31mm rib inspection line, an FR151-9 rib inspection line and a hull center line as references, drawing a base cross installation line according to a base center coordinate, and installing a base (14) on the base cross installation line;
s4-2, respectively arranging height mark rods (15) at positions of each base cross mounting line which are extended outwards by 500mm from the toe end of the base;
s4-3, writing a base number at the base mounting position;
s4-4, taking FR131 transverse bulkhead (1), taking the height of an inner deck (19) which is 31000mm away from a cross mounting line of the base as a horizontal reference, and taking 3545mm downwards in parallel as a horizontal inspection line (16) which is 100mm away from the upper plane of a table panel of the base;
the step S5 specifically includes the following steps:
s5-1, measuring two points on the horizontal inspection line (16) of FR131 transverse bulkhead (1) at a distance of 27455mm from the base cross mounting line, marking as point P and point S, and measuring the horizontal inspection line (16) of FR131 transverse bulkhead (1) at a distance of 27455mm from the base cross mounting line and the height h of the deck at the position 1 Then arrange the same height value h at FR155+500mm 1 Marking the point H at the top end of the moving marker post, and enabling a laser theodolite (20) or a total station to obtain an assumed base plane (18) through or in parallel with the point P, the point S and the point H;
and S5-2, marking the supposed base surface determined in the step S5-1 on the erected height mark post through laser points, and drawing a third piano wire (17) to be used as a height positioning reference of the base table top plate, namely a horizontal reference surface.
2. A method of finding a horizontal reference surface on water according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5-1, the distances from the points P and S to the center line of the ship body are greater than the distances from the points a and c to the center line of the ship body.
3. A method of finding a horizontal reference surface on water according to claim 1, wherein: the height marker post (15) is made of 20# channel steel and is 1.5m in height.
4. A method of finding a horizontal reference surface on water according to claim 1, wherein: the height mark post (15) is supported by an inclined strut.
5. A method of finding a horizontal reference surface on water according to claim 1, wherein: the quantity of base be eight.
6. A method of finding a horizontal reference surface on water according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the height mark rods (15) is 14.
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| US11371841B2 (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2022-06-28 | Robert Stanley Mawrey | System and method of tilt sensor tide and inland water level gauge |
| CN113954044A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-21 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Surveying and marking method for line extension line in hull centerline cabin |
| CN115218811B (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-06 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Dummy rib deformation measuring method |
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