CN113345185B - Passive door and window alarm device based on LoRa scattering communication method - Google Patents

Passive door and window alarm device based on LoRa scattering communication method Download PDF

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CN113345185B
CN113345185B CN202110392129.1A CN202110392129A CN113345185B CN 113345185 B CN113345185 B CN 113345185B CN 202110392129 A CN202110392129 A CN 202110392129A CN 113345185 B CN113345185 B CN 113345185B
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lora
voltage
scattering
pin
mcu
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CN113345185A (en
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王景双
谢桂辉
陶智威
焦向开
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Hubei Jihui Technology Co.,Ltd.
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China University of Geosciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/08Mechanical actuation by opening, e.g. of door, of window, of drawer, of shutter, of curtain, of blind
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/001Energy harvesting or scavenging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a passive door and window alarm device based on a LoRa scattering communication method, which comprises a base station, a scattering end and a LoRa receiving device end, wherein a LoRa backscattering communication technology is adopted to replace the traditional active radiation type communication, a radio frequency signal generating unit and an information processing and modulating unit are physically and separately designed, the power consumption is greatly reduced, the constraint of a chemical battery is eliminated, and the passivity is completely realized. LoRa scattering communication is realized on the low-power consumption MCU platform, and meanwhile, data processing and data communication of the Internet of things terminal equipment in a passive state are realized by matching with the low-power consumption MCU power management circuit. Realize door and window alarm device's passivity, can solve the power supply problem of small-size thing networking terminal.

Description

Passive door and window alarm device based on LoRa scattering communication method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of door and window alarming, and particularly relates to a passive door and window alarming device based on a LoRa scattering communication method.
Background
With the development of the internet of things technology, smart homes gradually enter the lives of people. Most of the existing intelligent household equipment adopts commercial power for power supply, such as an intelligent refrigerator, an intelligent desk lamp and an intelligent curtain; the other part of terminals with smaller volume mainly adopt chemical batteries for power supply, such as intelligent door locks, door and window alarms and the like. For battery-powered terminals, data sensing, interaction and wireless communication must be frequently performed, and these functions consume a large amount of energy, but they cannot use a battery with a large capacity due to their size limitations. The energy problem of intelligent household equipment has become a pain point problem to be solved urgently.
At present, wireless transmission technologies adopted by smart homes are mainly Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Zigbee, and all the three technologies are active radiation communication technologies. The performances of the three technologies are compared. It can be seen that even the lowest power Zigbee technology has a current as high as 5 mA. Taking the door and window sensor MCCGQ01LM of millet company as an example (refer to millet science and technology limited [ EB/OL ] [2021-03-22]. https:// m.mi.com/commodity/detail/12129 specifically), the wireless communication mode adopted by the sensor is Zigbee, a button cell of CR1632 with a capacity of 120mAh is used for power supply, and the endurance time is only two years. The replacement of the battery causes a series of problems such as an increase in the cost of manual maintenance, environmental pollution of the battery, sealability of the product, waste of resources, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve a series of problems caused by replacement of a battery in the prior art, the invention provides a passive door and window alarm, which gets rid of the constraint of a chemical battery and completely realizes passivity.
To achieve humanization, the present invention combines a "throttling" with an "open source" mechanism. The throttling is that the LoRa backscattering communication technology is adopted to replace the traditional active radiation type communication, the radio frequency signal generating unit and the information processing and modulating unit are designed in a physically separated mode, and the communication power consumption is greatly reduced, as shown in the table 1, the power consumption required by the LoRa backscattering communication technology is only one thirty-fifth of that of Zigbee, the open source is that an energy collecting circuit is utilized to collect electromagnetic waves in the surrounding environment, and the normal working voltage is provided for equipment through the processes of rectification, boosting and the like.
Table 1 comparison of conventional main flow communication technology and LoRa scattering communication technology index adopted in this patent
Categories Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee LoRa scatter communication
Frequency band/MHz 2400 2400 2400 433
Transmission distance/m 100~300 2~30 50~300 208
Transmission speed/kbps 300000 1000 250 0.018~38
Power consumption/mA 10~50 20 5 0.14
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a passive door and window alarm device based on a LoRa scattering communication method, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a base station, a scattering end and a LoRa receiving device end;
the base station includes: the radio frequency signal source is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves with certain frequency to the surrounding environment;
the scattering end includes: the device comprises an MCU, an RF switch, an energy collecting unit, a triggering device and a matching ZL;
one end of the RF switch, the energy collecting unit and the trigger device are all connected with a pin of the MCU, and the other end of the RF switch is connected with the matching ZL;
the MCU outputs square waves conforming to an LoRa protocol and controls the RF switch, and the RF switch is used for switching the absorption and scattering states of an antenna so as to change the signal amplitude of the LoRa receiving equipment end; meanwhile, the MCU processes a trigger signal transmitted by the trigger device, judges the opening and closing state of the door and window through the trigger signal, and transmits the opening and closing state to the LoRa receiving equipment end in the form of a LoRa data packet;
the energy collecting unit comprises an antenna, a rectifying circuit, a voltage monitoring circuit and a booster circuit which are connected in sequence;
the antenna collects electromagnetic waves in the base station and the surrounding environment, the energy of the electromagnetic waves is stored in the energy storage capacitor through the rectifying circuit, and the energy is converted into the voltage for normal work of the MCU by matching with the voltage monitoring circuit and the boosting circuit, so that the door and window alarm device can work normally in a passive state;
and the LoRa receiving equipment end is used for receiving the LoRa data packet transmitted from the scattering end through the LoRa receiving module and displaying the LoRa data packet through a screen of the embedded equipment.
Preferably, the trigger device adopts a reed switch matched with a magnet, one end of the reed switch is connected with a pin of the MCU, the pin is subjected to hardware pull-up, and the other end of the reed switch is grounded; when the magnet is close to the reed switch to simulate a window closing state, the reed switch is attracted, and the level of the pin is read to be a low level; when the magnet is far away from the reed switch to simulate a windowing state, the reed switch is disconnected, and the level of the pin is read to be a high level; when the pin is changed from low level to high level, a rising edge is set to trigger interruption, at the moment, the program is processed into a windowing action, and data corresponding to the windowing action is sent to the LoRa receiving equipment end.
Preferably, the voltage monitoring chip of the voltage monitoring circuit is TPS 3839.
Preferably, the boost chip of the boost circuit is TPS 61098.
Preferably, the energy storage capacitor is a patch capacitor.
Preferably, the base station and the scattering end are grounded respectively.
Preferably, based on the passive door and window alarm device based on the LoRa scattering communication method, the Flag bit is used for recording each section of program, the Flag is Flag1 and Flag2.. Flag, firstly, the Flag is read as Flag1, a section of program corresponding to Flag1 is executed, when the execution of the section of program corresponding to Flag1 is completed, the next program Flag bit Flag2 is stored in flash, whether the program is executed is judged, the MCU stops running after the voltage of the capacitor is reduced to below 400mV after the program enters while, the energy collection unit works, the capacitor is charged again, after the capacitor is fully charged, the Flag bit in the flash is read, the corresponding program is run, the next program Flag bit is stored again, the above process is repeated until the data is sent out, and a complete LoRa data packet can be sent out through several times of capacitor charging. In the program design, the optimized ultra-low power consumption modes (LPM3, LPM4 and the like) of the MSP430FR5959 are matched, the MCU power consumption is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: LoRa scattering communication is realized on a low-power consumption MCU platform, and compared with the LoRa Backscatter communication based on FPGA in the technical scheme of Washington university, the LoRa Backscatter communication has low power consumption (specifically, refer to Talla V, Heasar M, Kellogg B, et al, LoRa Backscatter [ J ]. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, week and Ubiquitous technologies.2017,1(3):1-24.doi:10.1145/3130970), and simultaneously, the data processing and data communication of the terminal equipment of the Internet of things in a passive state are realized by matching with a low-power consumption MCU power supply management circuit. The technical key points for realizing the beneficial effects comprise:
1. the energy collection circuit is designed to collect electromagnetic waves in the surrounding environment, and the energy of the electromagnetic waves is used for supplying power to the MCU, so that the MCU can be normally started under the power supply of the mu A level low current, and the passive work of the system is realized.
2. By adopting the method of the program segmentation zone bit, the program is operated in segments, and the data processing and passive LoRa communication functions of the door and window scattering nodes are realized. The open source mechanism and the throttle mechanism are combined, the normal work of the Internet of things equipment in a passive state is realized by the energy collection unit in cooperation with the LoRa scattering communication method, the trouble that the battery of the terminal equipment is continuously replaced is solved, and the manual maintenance cost of the equipment is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a passive door and window alarm device based on a LoRa scattering communication method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the energy harvesting unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy harvesting circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the results of a performance test of the energy harvesting unit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the segmented operation of the program of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a communication power consumption test chart of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a test diagram of the shortest distance between the scattering end nodes of the passive door and window.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a structure diagram of a passive door and window alarm device based on a LoRa scattering communication method according to the present invention;
this embodiment of a passive door and window alarm device based on LoRa scattering communication method includes:
a base station: and the radio frequency signal source emits electromagnetic waves with certain frequency (433MHz) to the surrounding environment.
A scattering end: the device consists of a Microcontroller (MCU), an RF switch, an energy collecting unit, a triggering device, an antenna and a matching ZL. The MCU outputs square waves conforming to an LoRa protocol, controls the RF switch and is used for switching the absorption/scattering state of the antenna so as to change the signal amplitude of a receiving end; meanwhile, the MCU processes signals transmitted by the trigger device to judge the opening and closing state of the door and window. The energy collecting unit collects electromagnetic waves in a base station and the surrounding environment through the antenna, energy is stored in the capacitor through the rectifying circuit, the energy of the electromagnetic waves in the environment is converted into voltage capable of normally working by the MCU in cooperation with the voltage monitoring circuit and the booster circuit, and normal working of the door and window sensor device in a passive state is achieved in the mode.
And a LoRa receiving end: and a commercial LoRa receiving module is used for receiving the LoRa data packet transmitted from the scattering node, and the received data is displayed through a screen of the embedded device.
In order to reduce the volume and power consumption of the scattering node of the door and window, in the specific embodiment, the trigger device adopts a reed switch matched with a magnet, one end of the reed switch is connected with a pin of the MCU, the pin is pulled up by hardware, and the other end of the reed switch is grounded. When the magnet is close to the reed switch to simulate the window closing state, the reed switch is attracted, and the level of the reading pin is low level; the magnet is far away from the reed switch to simulate a windowing state, the reed switch is disconnected at the moment, and the level of the reading pin is high level. When the pin is changed from low level to high level, a rising edge is set to trigger interruption, at the moment, the program is processed into a windowing action, data is sent, and the data is reported to the LoRa receiving equipment terminal. The sensitivity of the reed switch meets the requirement of door and window alarming through experiments.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy collection unit;
in the specific implementation of the invention, the energy collecting unit consists of an antenna (shared by the scattering end), a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a voltage monitoring circuit and a boosting circuit, wherein the antenna collects electromagnetic waves emitted by the base station and electromagnetic waves in the surrounding environment, the rectifying circuit stores energy in the capacitor, and the boosting circuit is matched with the voltage monitoring circuit to provide voltage capable of normally working for a load.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy harvesting circuit according to the present invention;
in the embodiment of the invention, the TPS3839 is used as a voltage monitoring module, and a VDD pin of the TPS3839 is connected with the energy storage capacitor. When the VDD voltage (lower than the capacitor voltage) exceeds the reference voltage (600mV), the RST pin outputs low level, Q3 is conducted, the boost chip TPS61098 is connected to the circuit, the voltage is boosted to about 2.2V, and the load circuit is powered. As the load circuit begins to operate, the storage capacitor voltage drops, and the RST pin outputs a high level (following VDD) to turn off Q3 when the voltage is below the reference voltage (600 mV). However, since the TPS61098 can still boost the input voltage above 400mV, the turned-on Q1 can keep the boost circuit working until the capacitor voltage drops below 400mV, the boost chip cannot work normally, the output VCC drops, Q1 turns off, and the process repeats until the capacitor is full of voltage again above 600 mV.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a performance test result of the energy harvesting unit according to the present invention;
in this embodiment, the energy harvesting unit is tested for performance, and the waveform of the critical node in the circuit is detected by an oscilloscope, as shown in fig. 4, where channel 1 is used to detect the voltage Vstorage of the energy storage capacitor, and it can be seen that the accumulation of Vstorage to 700mV triggers the voltage monitoring circuit to start DC-DC. Channel 2 senses the DC-DC input voltage VIN and sees that VIN is disconnected from Vstorage before triggering, which is the root cause of such low starting current of the energy harvesting unit. Channel 3 detects the RST signal from voltage monitoring module TPS3839, which, as in the embodiment, is accelerated down by positive feedback and latched low. The channel 4 detects the output voltage VOUT of the DC-DC boost chip, the voltage rises to 2.2V 1.4ms after triggering and starting, and the MCU is provided with electric energy to complete initialization, data processing and passive LoRa communication functions.
In order to reduce the volume of the scattering end node of the door and window in actual design, a patch capacitor is used as an energy storage capacitor in a hardware circuit, the capacitor capacity is small, and therefore even if the capacitor is fully charged, the collected energy is limited. In the running process of the program, processes such as initialization, data processing, data modulation, data packaging, data transmission and the like need to be performed. The energy required for these processes is greater than the stored energy of the capacitor, so the present invention employs a process segmentation approach.
Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the process of the present invention;
based on the passive door and window alarm device based on the LoRa scattering communication method, a Flag bit is used for recording each section of program, the Flag is Flag1 and Flag2. In the program design, the optimized ultra-low power consumption modes (LPM3, LPM4 and the like) of the MSP430FR5959 are matched, the MCU power consumption is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the passive door and window alarm device based on the LoRa scattering communication method, in the specific embodiment, the door and window scattering node is subjected to a communication power consumption test and a communication distance test.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a communication power consumption test chart of the present invention, and fig. 7 is a shortest distance test chart of the passive door/window scattering end node of the present invention;
testing communication power consumption: a resistor of 100 & omega is connected in series with the power input port of the MCU, the voltage of the resistor is detected by the oscilloscope, the trigger waveform is shown in fig. 6, the waveform peak is about 60mV of the resistor voltage when the singlechip is started, the voltage of the scatter communication is about 20mV, the duration time is 40ms, and the current of the scatter communication can be calculated to be 200 muA.
And (3) communication distance testing: the shortest communication distance of the scattering nodes of the doors and the windows is tested in a wide area, when the scattering nodes are positioned between the base station and the receiver, the attenuation of electromagnetic waves is strongest, the shortest effective communication distance is tested to be 12m, and the distance requirement of door and window alarm in home is met.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A passive door and window alarm device based on a LoRa scattering communication method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a base station, a scattering end and a LoRa receiving device end;
the base station includes: the radio frequency signal source is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves with certain frequency to the surrounding environment;
the scattering end includes: the device comprises an MCU, an RF switch, an energy collecting unit, a triggering device and a matching ZL;
one end of the RF switch, the energy collecting unit and the triggering device are all connected with a pin of the MCU, and the other end of the RF switch is connected with the matching ZL;
the MCU outputs square waves conforming to an LoRa protocol and controls the RF switch, and the RF switch is used for switching the absorption and scattering states of an antenna so as to change the signal amplitude of the LoRa receiving equipment end; meanwhile, the MCU processes a trigger signal transmitted by the trigger device, judges the opening and closing state of the door and window through the trigger signal and transmits the opening and closing state to the LoRa receiving equipment end in the form of a LoRa data packet;
the energy collecting unit comprises an antenna, a rectifying circuit, a voltage monitoring circuit and a booster circuit which are connected in sequence;
the antenna collects electromagnetic waves in the base station and the surrounding environment, the energy of the electromagnetic waves is stored in the energy storage capacitor through the rectifying circuit, and the energy is converted into the voltage for normal work of the MCU by matching with the voltage monitoring circuit and the boosting circuit, so that the door and window alarm device can work normally in a passive state;
the TPS3839 is used as a voltage monitoring chip, a VDD pin of the TPS3839 is connected with an energy storage capacitor, when the VDD voltage exceeds a reference voltage, a RST pin outputs a low level, Q3 is conducted, a boosting chip TPS61098 is connected to a circuit, the voltage is boosted to about 2.2V, and power is supplied to a load circuit; as the load circuit starts to work, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor drops, and when the voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the RST pin outputs high level to turn off the Q3; however, because the TPS61098 can still boost when the input voltage is greater than 400mV, the turned-on Q1 can keep the boost circuit working continuously until the capacitor voltage drops below 400mV, the boost chip cannot work normally, the output VCC drops, Q1 turns off, and the above process is repeated until the capacitor is full of reference voltage again;
and the LoRa receiving equipment end is used for receiving the LoRa data packet transmitted from the scattering end through the LoRa receiving module and displaying the LoRa data packet through a screen of the embedded equipment.
2. The passive door and window alarm device of claim 1, wherein the trigger device uses a reed switch in cooperation with a magnet, one end of the reed switch is connected with a pin of the MCU, the pin is pulled up through hardware, and the other end of the reed switch is grounded; when the magnet is close to the reed switch to simulate a window closing state, the reed switch is attracted, and the level of the pin is read to be a low level; when the magnet is far away from the reed switch to simulate a windowing state, the reed switch is disconnected, and the level of the pin is read to be a high level; when the pin is changed from low level to high level, a rising edge is set to trigger interruption, at the moment, the program is processed into a windowing action, and data corresponding to the windowing action is sent to the LoRa receiving equipment end.
3. The passive door and window alarm device of claim 1, wherein the energy storage capacitor is a patch capacitor.
4. The passive door and window alarm device of claim 1, wherein the base station and the diffuser terminal are connected to a ground line, respectively.
CN202110392129.1A 2021-04-12 2021-04-12 Passive door and window alarm device based on LoRa scattering communication method Active CN113345185B (en)

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