CN113326568B - Method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval standard - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval standards. The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring airplane information of two adjacent incoming airplanes; acquiring the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes based on the TBS standard and the airplane information of the two adjacent approach airplanes; s2, acquiring departure time required by the departure of the airplane to be departed; s3, judging whether the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes can allow the departure airplanes to depart based on the approach interval time and the departure time, if so, directly inserting the maximum allowable number of departure airplanes to depart in the approach interval time, otherwise, adjusting the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes, and inserting at least one departure airplane to depart in the approach interval time; and S4, calculating the runway capacity of the airport according to the number of the adjusted incoming airplanes and the adjusted outgoing airplanes. The technical effect of maximizing the capacity of the airport runway is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of air traffic control technology, in particular to a method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval standard.
Background
The civil aviation transportation all over the world is increased every year, and with the improvement of the civil aviation transportation capacity, certain pressure is caused on air traffic management and airport throughput capacity. In order to increase the transport capacity of an airport, the current solutions include increasing airport runways, perfecting various facilities of the airport runways, improving the operation modes of the airport runways, and the like; among other things, improving the operating mode of airport runways is a less costly approach.
In the current operation rules, distance Based Separation (DBS) is the current standard in China, and when the DBS standard is used, the ground speed of an aircraft is reduced under the condition of headwind, which causes the problems of increased interval time between two adjacent aircraft, reduced landing rate, lack of stability of runway throughput during arrival and the like, so that the carrying capacity of an airport is greatly limited. Time-Based Separation standards (TBS) are used at hisro, uk, to increase runway capacity and to accelerate wake attenuation by a certain headwind, thereby further reducing the Separation between the front and rear aircraft.
In the runway capacity research of a single runway based on the time interval standard, the existing technology in both foreign countries and domestic countries mostly only focuses on the capacity change of the airplane during approach, and the runway capacity of the single runway cannot be improved to the maximum.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and providing a method for improving runway capacity of an airport based on time interval criteria to maximize utilization of runway capacity of the airport.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, a method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria is provided, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring airplane information of two adjacent incoming airplanes; acquiring the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes based on the TBS standard and airplane information of the two adjacent approach airplanes;
s2, acquiring departure time required by the departure of the airplane to be departed;
s3, judging whether the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes can allow the departure airplane to depart based on the approach interval time and the departure time,
if yes, directly inserting the maximum allowable number of departure airplanes in the approach interval time,
if not, adjusting the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes, and inserting at least one departure airplane to depart in the approach interval time;
and S4, calculating the runway capacity of the airport according to the adjusted number of the incoming airplanes and the adjusted number of the outgoing airplanes.
Preferably, in step S1, the step of obtaining the approach interval time between two adjacent airplanes specifically includes the steps of,
s11, acquiring TBS time interval t between two adjacent approaching airplanes based on models of the two adjacent approaching airplanes ij ；
S12, obtaining the average speed v of two adjacent approach airplanes in the approach stage i And v j ；
S13, mixing v i And v j Substituting the following formula to calculate:
wherein, ROT i The average time occupied by the type i airplane approach runway; t is ij The approach interval between two adjacent approach aircrafts is shown.
Preferably, in step S3, the determination coefficient for determining whether the departure aircraft can be permitted to depart in the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes is y, and when y =0, the determination result is yes; when y =1, the judgment result is no, and the value of y is obtained using the following formula:
wherein, B ij Is the reaction time of the controller and the pilot; DOT i The average time taken for the i-type airplane to fly off the departure runway; n is the maximum number of allowed insertion off-board aircraft and n is a positive integer.
Preferably, in step S4, the following formula is used for calculating the airport runway capacity:
λ＝λ a +λ d ；
wherein, λ is total track capacity, λ a For the capacity of the approach runway, λ d Is the capacity of the departure runway.
Preferably, the approach runway capacity is calculated using the following formula:
Ε(T ij )＝q∑(T ij1 +B ij )P ij +(1-q)∑(T ij2 +B ij )P ij ；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
T ij1 ＝ROT i +nDOT i ；
wherein, T ij1 Is the time interval between two adjacent off-site airplanes; t is ij2 Is the time interval between two adjacent incoming planes; p ij The proportion of a front aircraft i and a rear aircraft j in two adjacent approach airplanes in unit time; v. of i 、v j The average speed of the last approach stage of the front aircraft i and the rear aircraft j in the two adjacent approach airplanes is obtained; q is a weighted average coefficient; gamma is the length of the common ramp.
Preferably, the off-runway capacity is calculated using the following formula:
n ij the number of the outgoing planes which can be inserted in the approach interval of the front plane i and the rear plane j is; g t Is the number of intervals between all approaching aircraft per unit time.
In another aspect, an apparatus for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria is provided, comprising at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of the time-based interval standard, the time interval between two adjacent approach airplanes is adjusted to add departure airplanes to depart from the airport, so that the airport is adjusted from a single runway mode to a mixed runway mode, and the aim of maximizing the capacity of the airport runway is fulfilled; and provides an airport runway capacity calculation model at maximizing airport runway capacity.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria;
fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an airport runway according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and any technique realized based on the contents of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Figure 1 illustrates a method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria.
In current airport operations, aircraft are basically separated by wake spacing, i.e., distance Based Separation (DBS). However, the wake interval is fixed and too conservative, and the influence of meteorological conditions on the evolution and attenuation of the wake is not considered. Operating with the DBS standard, in upwind weather conditions, the ground speed of the aircraft decreases, resulting in an increase in the separation time between each pair of aircraft, thereby reducing the landing rate and throughput of the airport runway during arrival operations. The TBS standard is that the airplane keeps a certain time interval in the flying process to ensure the safety of the airplane, and the interval rule of the airplane when the airplane finally enters the airport is changed based on the time interval standard concept.
In order to maximize airport runway capacity, the present invention employs the following method:
s1, acquiring airplane information of two adjacent incoming airplanes; and acquiring the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes based on the TBS standard and the airplane information of the two adjacent approach airplanes.
S11, acquiring TBS time interval t between two adjacent incoming planes based on models of the two adjacent incoming planes ij 。
The model of two adjacent airplanes can be obtained from the airplane information of two adjacent airplanes, and in the air operation control, control personnel at the tower can obtain the information through flight information.
In this embodiment, the time between approach criteria is supplemented with the TBS standard used at cissiro airport, uk, in combination with the latest TBS standard promulgated by the international civil aviation organization, and in particular with reference to the following table,
wherein, B, C and D represent the model of the airplane, the table represents the interval standard between the front-back airplane combination with different quantities, the table contains the combination situation of BB, BC, BD, CD, CB, CC, DB, DC and DD, and gives the corresponding interval time standard for various combination situations. In actual flight scheduling, after a dispatcher acquires models of two adjacent incoming airplanes, the dispatcher can acquire interval time t between the two adjacent incoming airplanes by looking up an incoming interval time standard table ij 。
S12, acquiring the average speed v of two adjacent approach airplanes in the approach stage i And v j 。
As shown in fig. 2, in the approach process of the airplane, point E is an approach point when the airplane enters an approach phase, and the airplane enters a landing phase from point E; current machine speed v i Speed of rear machine is less than or equal tov j And when the front machine and the rear machine are in a distance reduction state, the distance between the front machine and the rear machine is reduced continuously, and when the front machine reaches the runway entrance A, the distance between the front machine and the rear machine is the minimum. Current machine speed v i Greater than rear machine speed v j In the process, the distance between the front airplane and the rear airplane is continuously increased, so that when two adjacent airplanes approach, only the minimum interval is required to be kept at the point E in the figure 2.
S13, mixing v i And v j Substituting the following equation to calculate:
wherein, ROT i For the mean time taken by the i-type aircraft approach runway, ROT i The value of (a) is generally obtained based on observation in long-term actual operation of the airport and the value of each airport is different. Gamma is the length of the common slideway; v. of i 、v j The average speed of the last approach stage of the front machine i and the rear machine j is obtained; t is ij Namely the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes.
And S2, acquiring the departure time required by the departure of the airplane to be departed. The departure time of the airplane to be departed is related to the model of the airplane and the general condition of the airport, and airport staff can be summarized in long-term working experience by combining the general condition of the airport and the model of the airplane.
S3, judging whether the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes can allow the departure airplane to depart based on the approach interval time and the departure time, and judging by using the following formula:
wherein, B ij Is the reaction time of the controller and the pilot; DOT i The average time taken for the i-type airplane to leave the runway.
In this case, the introduced judgment coefficient y is used for judging whether the departing aircraft can be allowed to depart in the approach interval between two adjacent approaching aircraft.
When y =0, if the judgment result is yes, the number of departures airplanes which can allow departures between two adjacent entering airplanes is n, and n is a positive integer. The departure plane is inserted between two adjacent approach planes, so that the utilization rate of the airport runway can be increased, the idle of the airport runway is reduced, and the capacity of the airport runway is optimized to the maximum extent.
When y =1, judging whether the result is negative; the situation that the interval time between two adjacent entering airplanes is insufficient and an departing airplane cannot be inserted between the two adjacent entering airplanes is described; at the moment, the control personnel at the tower of the airport adjusts the interval time between two adjacent entering airplanes so as to at least allow one departing airplane to be inserted into the interval time between two adjacent entering airplanes for departing.
By employing time-based interval criteria, the time interval between stable arrivals of aircraft can be increased, thereby increasing the landing rate. And the inserted departure plane between the approach time of two adjacent approach planes takes off, so that the departure of the airfield runway can be fully utilized in the interval time between the two adjacent approach planes. At least one departing aircraft is inserted between each pair of approaching aircraft, so that the runway capacity of the airport can be maximized on the basis of the existing hardware.
And S4, calculating the runway capacity of the airport according to the number of the adjusted incoming airplanes and the adjusted outgoing airplanes. By calculating the airport runway model, the airport runway capacity can be quantified after the approach time interval of two adjacent airplanes is adjusted and the airport runway capacity is optimized, so that a key theoretical basis is provided for airport operation.
Airport runway capacity is calculated using the following formula;
λ＝λ a +λ d ；
wherein, λ is total track capacity, λ a Is the capacity of the approach runway; lambda [ alpha ] d Is the capacity of the departure runway. According to the embodiment, the departure runway capacity model is added in the existing approach runway capacity model, the calculated airport runway capacity model can utilize the airport runways to the maximum extent, and the throughput of the airport is improved without improving the hardware basis of the airport.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Ε(T ij )＝q∑(T ij1 +B ij )P ij +(1-q)∑(T ij2 +B ij )P ij ；
T ij1 ＝ROT i +nDOT i ；
in the formula, T ij1 Is the time interval between two adjacent off-site airplanes; t is ij2 Is the time interval between two adjacent incoming planes; p ij Is the proportion of the front machine i and the rear machine j in unit time; q is a weighted average coefficient; n is ij The number of the outgoing planes which can be inserted in the approach interval of the front plane i and the rear plane j is; g t Is the number of intervals between all approaching aircraft per unit time.
Through the formula, the staff can calculate the runway capacity of the airport by combining the specific conditions of the airport, including the length of the public slide, the departure time of the airplane, the reaction time of the staff at the airport and the like.
In the embodiment, all the airplane taking-off and landing conditions of a single runway from 0 hour to 12 hours at a certain airport in China are cited as calculation data, and the method for calculating the single runway mixing capacity provided by the application under the TBS standard is calculated.
The single runway mixed capacity under the DBS standard can be calculated by using the existing method, and the calculation process is not listed in this embodiment.
In the data, the probability of occurrence of each model is counted as shown in the following table:
| B | C | D |
| 10％ | 2％ | 88％ |
the average speed of the aircraft in the last approach phase of each model is shown in the following table:
| wind speed | B | C | D |
| Windless | 334km/h | 324km/h | 314km/h |
| 25kn | 284km/h | 274km/h | 264km/h |
In the table, the speed conditions in the absence of wind and in the headwind are taken separately to obtain the variation of airport runway capacity in different weather conditions in the calculation.
At the time of calculation, ROT i And DOT i 60S and 60S are taken as conservative time obtained by comprehensively considering all types of airplanes after taking off and landing in an airport; taking gamma as 12.3Km, wherein gamma is the actual length of the airport runway; b is ij Taking 20S, taking q as 0.5 ij And q are values obtained by the staff through summarizing experience in long-term practical observation.
After the data are substituted into a relevant formula, the runway capacity under the DBS standard is 43.39 shelves/h in the absence of wind, and the runway capacity under the TBS standard is 45.14 shelves/h after the method is adopted; when the wind speed is against the wind of 25kn, the runway capacity under the DBS standard is 38.55 frames/h, and after the method is adopted, the runway capacity under the TBS standard is 45.14 frames/h.
The calculation results can obtain: the TBS standard is operated to improve the capacity of the airport runway; under the condition of headwind, the capacity of the airport runway of the TBS standard is greatly larger than that of the airport runway of the DBS standard, and the headwind can attenuate aircraft wake.
Example 2
An apparatus for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria, comprising at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of embodiment 1
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring airplane information of two adjacent incoming airplanes; acquiring the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes based on the TBS standard and airplane information of the two adjacent approach airplanes;
s2, acquiring departure time required by the departure of the airplane to be departed;
s3, judging whether the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes can allow the departure airplane to depart based on the approach interval time and the departure time,
if yes, directly inserting the maximum allowable number of departure airplanes in the approach interval time,
if not, adjusting the approach interval time between two adjacent approach airplanes, and inserting at least one departure airplane to depart in the approach interval time;
s4, calculating the runway capacity of the airport according to the adjusted number of the incoming airplanes and the adjusted number of the outgoing airplanes;
in step S4, the following formula is used to calculate airport runway capacity:
λ＝λ a +λ d ；
wherein, λ is total track capacity, λ a For the capacity of the approach runway, λ d Is the capacity of the departure runway;
the approach runway capacity is calculated using the following formula:
E(T ij )＝q∑(T ij1 +B ij )P ij +(1-q)∑(T ij2 +B ij )P ij ；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
T ij1 ＝ROT i +nDOT i ；
wherein, T ij1 Is the time interval between two adjacent off-site airplanes; t is a unit of ij2 Is the time interval between two adjacent incoming planes; p ij The proportion of a front aircraft i and a rear aircraft j in two adjacent approach airplanes in unit time; v. of i 、v j The average speed of the last approach stage of the front aircraft i and the rear aircraft j in the two adjacent approach airplanes is obtained; q is a weighted average coefficient; gamma is the length of the common slideway;
the departure runway capacity is calculated using the following formula:
n ij the number of the outgoing planes which can be inserted in the approach interval of the front plane i and the rear plane j is; g t Is the number of intervals between all approaching aircraft per unit time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S1 of obtaining the time interval between two adjacent approaching airplanes specifically comprises the following steps,
s11, acquiring TBS time interval t between two adjacent approaching airplanes based on models of the two adjacent approaching airplanes ij ；
S12, acquiring the average speed v of two adjacent approach airplanes in the approach stage i And v j ；
S13, mixing v i And v j Substituting the following equation to calculate:
wherein, ROT i The average time occupied by the type i airplane approach runway; t is ij For two adjacent frames to enterThe approach interval time between the aircraft, γ, is the length of the common runway.
3. The method for improving the capacity of the airport runway according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the judgment coefficient for judging whether the departing aircraft can be allowed to depart in the time of the approach interval between two adjacent approaching aircraft is y, and when y =0, the judgment result is yes; when y =1, the judgment result is no, and the value of y is obtained using the following formula:
wherein, B ij Is the reaction time of the controller and the pilot; DOT i The average time taken for the i-type airplane to fly off the departure runway; n is the maximum number of allowed insertion off-board aircraft and n is a positive integer.
4. An apparatus for improving airport runway capacity based on time interval criteria, comprising at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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