CN113300722A - Probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code coding and modulation method thereof - Google Patents
Probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code coding and modulation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113300722A CN113300722A CN202110540960.7A CN202110540960A CN113300722A CN 113300722 A CN113300722 A CN 113300722A CN 202110540960 A CN202110540960 A CN 202110540960A CN 113300722 A CN113300722 A CN 113300722A
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- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
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Abstract
The invention provides a probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code coding and a modulation method thereof, comprising a signal generating device, a first signal shaping device, a system Polar code encoder, a 4-PAM modulator, an AWGN channel, a demodulator, a system Polar code decoder and a second signal shaping device; the signal generating device generates a Bernoulli distributed random sequence, the bit weight is redistributed through the first signal shaping device, the random sequence is coded through the system Polar code coder and modulated through the 4-PAM modulator, the modulated signal is transmitted through the AWGN channel, the output symbol probability of the AWGN channel is demodulated into bit LLR through the demodulator, the demodulated result is decoded through the system Polar code decoder, and the decoded bits are recovered to the initial random sequence through the second signal shaping device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to the technical field of Polar code coded modulation communication.
Background
With the increasing demand of users for low-delay and high-reliability information communication, the combination of Polar codes and high-order modulation has become an indispensable practical scheme. In the conventional Polar code coded modulation scheme, the channel input symbols are uniformly distributed. But for AWGN channels the optimal distribution of the channel inputs is Maxwell-boltzmann (mb) distribution. Therefore, to solve this problem, a Polar code coded modulation scheme based on Bit-Weighted Distribution Matching (BWDM) is proposed. The BWDM algorithm changes the weight of a bit in the source sequence to "0" by adding a small number of redundant bits and gets a binary bit sequence with a target probability. Polar codes are the only one type of current Coding mode which can theoretically realize binary input discrete memoryless channel capacity, and through a System Polar Coding (SPC) device, the information bit index numbers of the Polar codes before and after Coding are ensured to be consistent. And (3) combining an SPC scheme design of Polar codes through a BWDM algorithm to change the distribution state of channel input symbols to obtain a shaping gain. The code words after SPC are sent to a 4-PAM modulator to realize the mapping of two continuous bits into a 4-PAM symbol; the modulation symbols having the target probability distribution are transmitted over the AWGN channel. At a receiving end, a demodulator demodulates the symbol probability into a Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) of bits; meanwhile, the system Polar code decoder corresponds to the system Polar code encoder and is used for decoding and estimating information bits; the reverse process of BWDM restores the decoded information to the original source sequence. The system ensures the shaping gain of the coding modulation scheme and realizes low bit error rate. FIG. 1 shows a basic model of Polar code coded modulation system scheme based on BWDM algorithm.
Polar code coded modulation system scheme based on BWDM generates shaping gain by changing probability distribution of channel input symbols. However, a small number of redundant bits may be added by the BWDM algorithm process, resulting in a partial reduction of the source sequence.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the background art, the invention provides a probability shaping design scheme based on Polar code coding based on a bit weight inversion algorithm and combined BWDM probability shaping and SPC algorithm on the basis of not increasing the complexity of a code modulation system, and the scheme remarkably improves the performance of the Polar code modulation system.
The invention adopts the following scheme:
a probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code coding comprises a signal generating device, a first signal shaping device, a system Polar code encoder, a 4-PAM modulator, an AWGN channel, a demodulator, a system Polar code decoder and a second signal shaping device;
the signal generating device generates a Bernoulli distributed random sequence, the bit weight is redistributed through the first signal shaping device, the random sequence is coded through the system Polar code coder and modulated through the 4-PAM modulator, the modulated signal is transmitted through the AWGN channel, the output symbol probability of the AWGN channel is demodulated into bit LLR through the demodulator, the demodulated result is decoded through the system Polar code decoder, and the decoded bits are recovered to the initial random sequence through the second signal shaping device.
Preferably, the first signal shaping means performing bit weight redistribution comprises the steps of:
(1) the signal generating means generates a random sequence of Bernoulli distributions
Represents a random sequence of length M, wherein P (0) ═ 0.5; shaping parameters S, S are belonged to {1, 2., M }, and a random information source is used
Dividing into M/S sets, each set u'iI ∈ {1, 2.,. M/S } contains S elements;
(2) respectively calculating u'iI ∈ {1, 2.,. M/S }, bitA weight of "0", which determines whether a bit reversal operation needs to be performed;
(3) when P (0) >0.5, according to the probability distribution of the channel input symbols, a bit inversion process is not needed, and a marker bit of '0' is only inserted into the highest bit of the set; otherwise, a bit inversion process is performed on each element in the set and a flag bit of "1" is inserted in its highest order.
Preferably, the system Polar code encoder comprises a non-system Polar code encoder and a system Polar code converter, and the encoding of the system Polar code encoder comprises the following steps:
(1) the information sequence and the frozen bit after the bit weight is redistributed by the first signal shaping device
Mixing to obtain
(2) Coding is carried out through the non-system Polar code coder to obtain
Wherein
GNCoding a function for Polar codes;
(3) polar code conversion is carried out through the Polar code converter of the system so as to order
At this time
Preferably, the modulated signal is transmitted through an AWGN channel represented by a channel model of y ═ x + n, where x is a channel input symbol, n is a mean of 0, and a variance of σ is2Gaussian noise.
Preferably, the systematic Polar code decoder comprises a non-system Polar code decoder and a system Polar code converter, and the decoding of the system Polar code decoder comprises the following steps:
(1) decoding the demodulated output symbols of the channel by adopting a successive cancellation decoding algorithm through the non-system Polar code decoder;
(2) polar code conversion is carried out through a system Polar code converter, and the order is
At this time
(3) Performing bit separation from
Separating out information bits to obtain
And in addition, a probability shaping 4-PAM modulation method based on Polar code coding is provided and is used for the modulation system. The modulation method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating, by a source, a random sequence, the random sequence obeying a Bernoulli distribution;
(2) performing signal shaping on the random sequence;
(3) executing the coding mode of the Polar code of the system on the bit sequence shaped in the step (2);
(4) performing signal modulation on the coded signals obtained in the step (3) through a 4-PAM modulator;
(5) carrying out analog transmission on the signal modulated in the step (4) through an AWGN channel;
(6) demodulating the symbol probability output by the AWGN channel in the step (5) into bit LLR;
(7) computing information sequence by system Polar code decoder
Is estimated byValue of
(8) For the estimated value in step (7)
And (3) performing the inverse process of the signal shaping in the step (2) and calculating the estimation value of the information source information.
Preferably, the signal shaping in step (2) includes the steps of:
designing shaping parameters S, S belongs to {1,2,. and.M } (M is less than or equal to N), and calculating each set u'iI ∈ {1, 2., M/S } bits "0" and "1" weight:
when P (0)>At 0.5, according to the probability distribution of the channel input symbols, in this case, no bit inversion process is needed, and only in the set u'iA flag bit of "0" is inserted at the highest bit of the bit;
when P (0)<At 0.5, bit reversal process is carried out on each element in the set, and the set u'iThe marker bit "1" is inserted at the highest bit of the bit.
Preferably, the encoding method for executing the system Polar code in the step (3) includes the following steps:
(1) combining the bit sequence shaped in the step (2) with the frozen bit
Mixing to obtain
(2) Coding is carried out through the non-system Polar code coder to obtain
Wherein
GNCoding a function for Polar codes;
(3) p by the system Polar transcoderTar code conversion, order
At this time
Preferably, the step (4) uses 4-PAM modulation based on Gray mapping to convert two consecutive bits (x)1x2) Mapping to constellation points { + -1, + -3 } to realize the expected distribution of channel input symbols.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
compared with the performances of a traditional non-system Polar coding (NSPC) system, a System Polar Coding (SPC) and a non-system Polar coding (NSPC PS) scheme based on Probability Shaping algorithm (PS), the embodiment of the invention is superior to other schemes in the aspect of system performance under 4-PAM modulation, and the effectiveness of Polar coding modulation system design under BWDM algorithm is proved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a model of a 4-PAM modulation system as used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a bit weight distribution matching algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of system Polar code encoding and decoding;
FIG. 4 is a probability distribution plot of channel input symbols of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of Polar code coded modulation system performance comparison of an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Examples
Referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, a probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code coding comprises a signal generating device, a first signal shaping device, a Polar code encoder, a 4-PAM modulator, an AWGN channel, a demodulator, a Polar code decoder and a second signal shaping device;
the signal generating device generates a Bernoulli distributed random sequence, the bit weight is redistributed through the first signal shaping device, the Polar code encoder encodes the random sequence and the 4-PAM modulator modulates the random sequence, the modulated signal is transmitted through the AWGN channel, the output symbol probability of the AWGN channel is demodulated into bit LLR through the demodulator, the demodulated result is decoded through the Polar code decoder, and the decoded bits are recovered to the initial random sequence through the second signal shaping device.
Referring to fig. 2 of the specification, the first signal shaping device changes the weight of bit "0" in the random sequence by adding redundant bits, and specifically, performs signal shaping by using a BWDM algorithm, where the BWDM algorithm performs signal shaping including the following steps:
(1) the signal generating means generates a random sequence of Bernoulli distributions
Represents a random sequence of length M, wherein P (0) ═ 0.5; shaping parameters S, S are belonged to {1, 2., M }, and a random information source is used
Dividing into M/S sets, each set u'iI ∈ {1, 2.,. M/S } contains S elements;
(2) respectively calculating u'iI belongs to the weight of bit 0 in {1, 2., M/S }, and whether bit inversion operation needs to be executed is judged;
(3) when P (0) >0.5, according to the probability distribution of the channel input symbols, a bit inversion process is not needed, and a marker bit of '0' is only inserted into the highest bit of the set; otherwise, a bit inversion process is performed on each element in the set and a flag bit of "1" is inserted in its highest order.
Referring to the attached figure 3 of the specification, the coding and decoding of the system Polar code comprises an encoding process, an AWGN channel transmission process and a decoding process, and the specific processes are as follows:
and (3) an encoding process: the Polar code encoder comprises a non-system Polar code encoder and a system Polar code converter, and the Polar code encoder performs encoding and comprises the following steps:
(1) the information sequence and the frozen bit after the bit weight is redistributed by the first signal shaping device
Mixing to obtain
(2) By said non-system PEncoding by an tar code encoder to obtain
Wherein
GNCoding a function for Polar codes;
(3) polar code conversion is carried out through the Polar code converter of the system so as to order
At this time
AWGN channel transmission procedure: AWGN channel transmission represented by the channel model y x + n, where x is the channel input symbol, n is the mean 0, and the variance σ is2Gaussian noise.
And (3) a decoding process: the Polar code decoder comprises a non-system Polar code decoder and a system Polar code converter, and the decoding of the Polar code decoder comprises the following steps:
(1) decoding the demodulated output symbols of the channel by adopting a successive cancellation decoding algorithm through the non-system Polar code decoder;
(2) polar code conversion is carried out through a system Polar code converter, and the order is
At this time
(3) Performing bit separation from
Separating out information bits to obtain
。
Referring to the attached figure 4 of the specification, a 4-PAM modulator is arranged between the encoding process and the AWGN channel transmission process for modulation, and a 4-PAM demodulator is also arranged between the AWGN channel transmission process and the decoding process for demodulation.
The specific modulation mode of the 4-PAM modulator is as follows: two consecutive bits (x) based on 4-PAM modulation of Gray mapping1x2) Mapping to constellation points { +/-1, +/-3 } to realize the expected distribution of channel input symbols; the specific demodulation mode of the 4-PAM demodulator is as follows: the output symbol probabilities of the channel are demodulated into bit LLRs (bit log likelihood ratios).
And in addition, a probability shaping 4-PAM modulation method based on Polar code coding is provided and is used for the modulation system. The modulation method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating, by a source, a random sequence, the random sequence obeying a Bernoulli distribution;
(2) performing signal shaping on the random sequence;
(3) executing the coding mode of the Polar code of the system on the bit sequence shaped in the step (2);
(4) performing signal modulation on the coded signals obtained in the step (3) through a 4-PAM modulator;
(5) carrying out analog transmission on the signal modulated in the step (4) through an AWGN channel;
(6) demodulating the symbol probability output by the AWGN channel in the step (5) into bit LLR;
(7) computing information sequence by system Polar code decoder
Is estimated value of
(8) For the estimated value in step (7)
And (3) performing the inverse process of the signal shaping in the step (2) and calculating the estimation value of the information source information.
Wherein the signal shaping in step (2) comprises the steps of:
designing shaping parameters S, S belongs to {1,2,. and.M } (M is less than or equal to N), and calculating each set u'iI ∈ {1, 2., M/S } bits "0" and "1" weight:
when P (0)>At 0.5, according to the probability distribution of the channel input symbols, in this case, no bit inversion process is needed, and only in the set u'iA flag bit of "0" is inserted at the highest bit of the bit;
when P (0)<At 0.5, bit reversal process is carried out on each element in the set, and the set u'iThe marker bit "1" is inserted at the highest bit of the bit.
Wherein the encoding mode for executing the system Polar code in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) combining the bit sequence shaped in the step (2) with the frozen bit
Mixing to obtain
(2) Coding is carried out through the non-system Polar code coder to obtain
Wherein
GNCoding a function for Polar codes;
(3) polar code conversion is carried out through the Polar code converter of the system so as to order
At this time
Wherein the step (4) uses 4-PAM modulation based on Gray mapping to convert two consecutive bits (x)1x2) Mapping to constellation points { +/-1, +/-3 } to realize channel input symbolThe desired distribution of.
The embodiment of the invention is compared with the performance of a non-system Polar coding (NSPC) system, a System Polar Coding (SPC) and a non-system Polar coding (NSPC PS) scheme based on a Probability Shaping algorithm (Probasic Shaping, PS), the simulation result is shown in the attached figure 5 of the specification, when the code length of the Polar code is 1024 and the code rate is 0.5, the system performance of the invention under 4-PAM modulation is superior to that of other schemes, and the simulation result proves the effectiveness of the design of the Polar coding modulation system under the BWDM algorithm.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code coding is characterized by comprising a signal generating device, a first signal shaping device, a system Polar code encoder, a 4-PAM modulator, an AWGN channel, a demodulator, a system Polar code decoder and a second signal shaping device;
the signal generating device generates a Bernoulli distributed random sequence, the bit weight is redistributed through the first signal shaping device, the random sequence is coded through the system Polar code coder and modulated through the 4-PAM modulator, the modulated signal is transmitted through the AWGN channel, the output symbol probability of the AWGN channel is demodulated into bit LLR through the demodulator, the demodulated result is decoded through the system Polar code decoder, and the decoded bits are recovered to the initial random sequence through the second signal shaping device.
2. The Polar code coding based probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first signal shaping means performing a bit weight reallocation comprises the steps of:
(1) the signal generating means generates a random sequence of Bernoulli distributions
Represents a random sequence of length M, wherein P (0) ═ 0.5; shaping parameters S, S are belonged to {1, 2., M }, and a random information source is used
Dividing into M/S sets, each set u'iI ∈ {1, 2.,. M/S } contains S elements;
(2) respectively calculating u'iI belongs to the weight of bit 0 in {1, 2., M/S }, and whether bit inversion operation needs to be executed is judged;
(3) when P (0) >0.5, according to the probability distribution of the channel input symbols, a bit inversion process is not needed, and a marker bit of '0' is only inserted into the highest bit of the set; otherwise, a bit inversion process is performed on each element in the set and a flag bit of "1" is inserted in its highest order.
3. The probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code encoding according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the systematic Polar code encoder comprises a non-systematic Polar code encoder and a systematic Polar code converter, the encoding by the systematic Polar code encoder comprises the following steps:
(1) the information sequence and the frozen bit after the bit weight is redistributed by the first signal shaping device
Mixing to obtain
(2) Coding is carried out through the non-system Polar code coder to obtain
Wherein
GNCoding a function for Polar codes;
(3) polar code conversion is carried out through the Polar code converter of the system so as to order
At this time
4. The Polar-code-coding-based probability-shaping 4-PAM modulation system according to claim 3, wherein the modulated signal is AWGN channel transmission represented by a channel model as y ═ x + n, where x is a channel input symbol, n is a mean 0, and a variance σ is2Gaussian noise.
5. The probability shaping 4-PAM modulation system based on Polar code encoding according to claim 4, wherein said system Polar code decoder comprises a non-system Polar code decoder and a system Polar code converter, said system Polar code decoder decoding comprising the steps of:
(1) decoding the demodulated output symbols of the channel by adopting a successive cancellation decoding algorithm through the non-system Polar code decoder;
(2) polar code conversion is carried out through a system Polar code converter, and the order is
At this time
(3) Performing bit separation from
Separating out information bits to obtain
6. A probability shaping 4-PAM modulation method based on Polar code coding, said modulation method applying the modulation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) generating, by a source, a random sequence, the random sequence obeying a Bernoulli distribution;
(2) performing signal shaping on the random sequence;
(3) executing the coding mode of the Polar code of the system on the bit sequence shaped in the step (2);
(4) performing signal modulation on the coded signals obtained in the step (3) through a 4-PAM modulator;
(5) carrying out analog transmission on the signal modulated in the step (4) through an AWGN channel;
(6) demodulating the symbol probability output by the AWGN channel in the step (5) into bit LLR;
(7) computing information sequence by system Polar code decoder
Is estimated value of
(8) For the estimated value in step (7)
And (3) performing the inverse process of the signal shaping in the step (2) and calculating the estimation value of the information source information.
7. The Polar code coding based probability shaping 4-PAM modulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the signal shaping in step (2) comprises the following steps:
designing shaping parameters S, S belongs to {1,2,. and.M } (M is less than or equal to N), and calculating each set u'iI ∈ {1, 2., M/S } bits "0" and "1" weight:
when P (0)>0.5, according to the channelInputting the probability distribution of symbols, wherein the probability distribution only needs to be in the set u 'without carrying out a bit inversion process'iA flag bit of "0" is inserted at the highest bit of the bit;
when P (0)<At 0.5, bit reversal process is carried out on each element in the set, and the set u'iThe marker bit "1" is inserted at the highest bit of the bit.
8. The probability shaping 4-PAM modulation method based on Polar code coding according to claim 6, wherein the coding mode of executing system Polar code in step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) combining the bit sequence shaped in the step (2) with the frozen bit
Mixing to obtain
(2) Coding is carried out through the non-system Polar code coder to obtain
Wherein
GNCoding a function for Polar codes;
(3) polar code conversion is carried out through the Polar code converter of the system so as to order
At this time
9. The probability shaping 4-PAM modulation method based on Polar code coding according to claim 6, wherein the step (4) adopts 4-PAM modulation based on Gray mappingTwo consecutive bits (x)1x2) Mapping to constellation points { + -1, + -3 } to realize the expected distribution of channel input symbols.
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| WO2024011554A1 (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-18 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Techniques for joint probabilistic shaping of multiple bits per modulation constellation |
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