CN113300122B - High-absorptivity broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene - Google Patents
High-absorptivity broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- -1 graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-absorption-rate broadband adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene. The method is characterized in that: the graphene composite material is formed by combining a bottom layer metal plate (1), a medium material 1(2), a middle windmill, a square ring-shaped graphene layer (3), a medium material 2(4) and a top layer non-pattern graphene layer (5), wherein the layers are tightly attached. Aiming at the defects of low absorption efficiency and narrow absorption bandwidth of the conventional wave absorber, the three-dimensional simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE2019 is used for analyzing and simulating to obtain the absorption spectrum of the wave absorber, and a 99% high-absorption-rate reference standard is implemented, so that the absorption bandwidth of about 1.3THz is realized by using double-layer graphene under the standard, and the working bandwidth of more than 99% of absorption rate is greatly improved. The wave absorber has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in integration and insensitivity to polarization, belongs to the field of terahertz metamaterial wave absorption, and can be widely applied to various terahertz switches, modulator design, power acquisition and other relevant directions.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a high-absorption-rate broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene, which can be used for developing a high-absorption-rate broadband wave absorbing device, achieves the absorption bandwidth of about 1.3THz under the standard of 99% absorption rate, has the characteristic of keeping high absorption under the condition of very wide bandwidth, and can be widely applied to the design of various aspects such as various broadband wave absorbers, solar cells, electromagnetic stealth and the like. Belonging to the field of terahertz metamaterial wave absorption.
(II) background of the invention
In recent years, with the successive appearance of novel two-dimensional materials, for example, graphene, black phosphorus, dirac semimetal and the like are rapidly applied to the design of the terahertz wave absorber, which greatly enriches the types and functions of the terahertz wave absorber, and in these applications, the most important is that the terahertz wave absorber made of the two-dimensional material has an adjustable function, wherein the graphene material is widely applied and has a good effect. The carrier mobility of the graphene is changed by means of external voltage or chemical doping, so that the chemical potential of the graphene is regulated and controlled, and the effect of controlling the absorption frequency of the wave absorber is achieved. Therefore, the graphene material is very significant in the application of the terahertz wave absorber.
With the development of the electromagnetic metamaterial, the design of the wave absorber is also improved in the direction of higher absorption efficiency and wider bandwidth. Since 2008, Landy et al designed a perfect absorber, and various narrow-band absorbers, multimodal absorbers, and wide-band absorbers were continuously developed, wherein wide-band absorbers are used in the fields of terahertz switches, solar cells, and power collection in many ways. However, because the existing terahertz broadband absorber takes 90% as a reference standard of the absorption rate, the real absorption efficiency of most broadband absorbers is not high, which severely limits the application and development of the broadband absorbers.
To solve the above problem, Hefeng et al, in "Tunable polarization-independent and angle-sensitive broadband absorption band and terrestrial absorber with graphene metamaterials", proposed a broadband wave-absorbing device with a high absorption reference standard of 99%, having a high absorption bandwidth of 0.32 THz. Korea et al, in 2020, "Dual-controlled broadband based on graphene and digital semi-actual," proposed an absorption bandwidth of approximately 4.2THz at the 90% absorption reference standard. Therefore, at the 99% high reference standard, the bandwidth of the terahertz broadband wave absorber is also slightly narrow.
The invention discloses a high-absorption-rate broadband adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene. The terahertz tunable filter can be used in various fields such as terahertz switches, modulator designs, solar cells and power collection. The graphene adopts a double-layer graphene structure, and the top layer is a non-pattern graphene layer, so that the graphene has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in integration. By designing the pattern of the middle graphene layer, the wave absorber is highly absorbed within a frequency band of 1.3THz width according to the impedance matching theory. Compared with the prior art, the absorption bandwidth is greatly improved under the high standard of 99% absorption rate, and the wave absorber has the advantages of adjustability and insensitivity to polarization, enhances the utilization rate of electromagnetic waves, can almost completely utilize the electromagnetic waves, and further improves the absorption bandwidth of the wave absorber.
Disclosure of the invention
Aiming at the defects of low absorption efficiency and narrow bandwidth of the existing wave absorber, the invention aims to provide a broadband adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene and taking high absorption rate as a reference standard.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
what show is that high absorption rate broadband adjustable wave absorber based on bilayer graphite alkene, characterized by: the high-absorption-rate broadband adjustable wave absorber with 99% as a reference standard sequentially comprises a metal plate (1) with a certain thickness at the bottom layer, a dielectric material 1(2), a patterned graphene layer (3), a dielectric material 2(4) and a non-patterned graphene layer (5) at the top layer from bottom to top, wherein the layers are tightly attached. The designed high-absorptivity broadband adjustable wave absorber with the periodicity based on the graphene has the transverse period and the longitudinal period P of 71 micrometers, the bottom layer is made of a metal plate with the thickness of 0.2 micrometers, and the material can be made of metal materials such as gold or silver and the like, so that incident electromagnetic waves are prevented from being transmitted out. Dielectric constant ε of dielectric Material 11Is 2.2, thickness h216 μm. Chemical potential E of intermediate patterned monolayer grapheneF1Set at 0.9eV, consisting of a windmill consisting of four identical semicircles of 25 μ rn diameter, centered on the unit structure, with angles of 90 ° between the semicircles, and a square ring of 50 μm internal diameter and 70 μm external diameter. Thickness h of dielectric material 23Set to 15 μm, dielectric constant ε2Is 1.4. The top layer is a non-patterned graphene layer with chemical potential EF2The thickness of the single-layer graphene was set to 0.1eV, the thickness of the single-layer graphene was 0.34nm, and the relaxation time was set to 0.1 ps.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
step (1): the method comprises the steps of respectively researching the dielectric constant, the dynamic conductivity and other properties of two layers of graphene, selecting a researched frequency range to be 0-6THz, researching ring structures with different shapes and sizes in the selected frequency range, recording data, calculating the dielectric constant, the dynamic conductivity and other properties of the graphene in corresponding frequency bands by using matlab and other software, and finding out the corresponding parameter relation between the graphene and incident light frequency.
Step (2): and establishing a graphene material model by using the dielectric constant data of the graphene and taking 99% absorption rate as a reference standard.
And (3): analyzing and simulating by using three-dimensional simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE2019, obtaining the relation between the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave and the absorption rate through numerical calculation, and obtaining the optimal solution by scanning, matching and optimizing the structural parameters.
And (4): the optimal absorption parameters of the high-absorption-rate broadband wave absorber are determined, and according to physical mechanisms of the wave absorbers such as impedance matching and parameter inversion, the wave absorber has high absorption rate of more than 99% in the bandwidth of 1.3THz, namely, the wave absorber can realize impedance matching in a considerable frequency range, and the synchronization of magnetic resonance and electric resonance is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the wave absorber executes a reference standard of 99% high absorption rate, under the standard, the absorption bandwidth of 1.3THz is achieved, and compared with the existing broadband wave absorber, the wave absorber has the characteristics of high absorption rate and wide bandwidth.
2. The top layer graphene pattern has the characteristic of rotational central symmetry, the same absorption curve can be obtained for TE and TM waves, and the wave absorber has the advantage of polarization insensitivity.
3. The broadband wave absorber only adopts a two-layer graphene structure, the top layer is in a non-pattern shape, the broadband wave absorber has the characteristics of simple structure and convenience in integration, and the absorption effect of nearly 100% can be realized in a quite wide bandwidth by utilizing the two-layer graphene.
4. When the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave is increased, the wave absorber can still maintain quite high absorptivity and bandwidth, for example, when the incident angle is 40 degrees, the absorptivity still approaches 100 percent.
5. The wave absorber adopts a two-dimensional periodic structure, so that large-scale integration is facilitated.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cell structure of the present invention. 1: a metal layer; 2: a dielectric material 1; 3: patterning the graphene layer; 4: a dielectric material 2; 5: a non-patterned graphene layer. The period of the structural unit is 71 mu m, and the thickness h of the metal layer10.2 μm, thickness h of the dielectric material 12Chemical potential E of the intermediate graphene layer ═ 16 μ nF1The diameter of a semi-circle constituting a windmill was set to 0.9eV, and D was 25 μm,the inner diameter of the square ring is L150 μm, outer diameter L270 μm, thickness h of the dielectric material 23Chemical potential E of top unpatterned graphene layer ═ 15 μmF2Set to 0.1 eV.
Fig. 2 is a top view of an intermediate patterned graphene layer according to the present invention. The diameter of the semi-circle forming the windmill is 25 μm, the semi-circle is positioned at the center of the unit structure, the angle between the four semi-circles is 90 degrees, and the inner diameter of the square ring surrounding the windmill is L150 μm, outer diameter L2＝70μm。
FIG. 3 is a graph of the absorption spectrum of the broadband wave absorber calculated by using three-dimensional simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE2019 under the perpendicular incidence of electromagnetic waves, and the chemical potential E of the middle patterned graphene layerF1Set to 0.9eV, chemical potential E of the top unpatterned graphene layerF2Set to 0.1 eV.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the absorption spectrum of fig. 3 where the absorbance is greater than 99%.
FIG. 5 is the chemical potential E of a top unpatterned graphene layerF2Set to 0.1eV, absorption spectra obtained by scanning different fermi levels of the middle layer graphene in the 0-6THz range.
FIG. 6 is the chemical potential E at the middle graphene layerF1Set to 0.9eV, chemical potential E of the top unpatterned graphene layerF2The absorption spectrum obtained by changing the incident angle of the incident electromagnetic wave in the range of 0 to 6THz was set to 0.1 eV.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The embodiments and steps of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a high-absorptivity broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cell structure of a high-absorption-rate broadband adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene. The wave absorber has a unit structure period of P, an underlying metal plate (1) is used as a substrate, the thickness of the underlying metal plate is set to h1 equal to 0.2 mu m, and the thickness of the metal plate is greater than the skin depth of an incident wave so as to prevent the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Dielectric constant of dielectric material 1(2) is ε1Thickness is 2.2, thickness is h217 μm. The intermediate patterned graphene (3) consists of a windmill structure and a square ring, the chemical potential of which is EF1The dielectric constant of the dielectric material 2(4) is set to be epsilon at 0.9eV21.4, thickness is given as h315 μm. The top layer is a non-pattern graphene layer with chemical potential EF2Set to 0.1 eV. The graphene is single-layer graphene, and the relaxation time is 0.1 ps.
The high-absorptivity broadband-adjustable wave absorber designed by the invention works in a 0-6THz wave band, and the selected period P is 71 mu m.
Fig. 2 is a middle patterned graphene structure, which is composed of a pinwheel structure and a square ring. The windmill structure consists of four completely consistent semicircles with the diameter of 25 mu m, the four semicircles are positioned at the center of the unit structure, the angles among the semicircles are all 90 degrees, the inner diameter of each square hole is 50 mu m, the square hole is just tangent to the semicircle of the windmill structure, the outer diameter of each square hole is 70 mu m, and the thickness of the single-layer graphene is 0.34 nm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
because the bottom layer uses the metal plate as the substrate, and the thickness of the metal plate is greater than the skin depth of the incident electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic wave cannot penetrate through the wave absorber, namely, the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave is zero. The absorption rate of the wave absorber is calculated according to the formula:
A(ω)＝1-R(ω)-T(ω)＝1-|S11|2-|S21|2 (1)
since the wave absorber has zero transmission, the above formula can be simplified to
A(ω)＝1-R(ω)＝1-|S11|2 (2)
Therefore, the absorption rate of the absorber can be considered only by considering the reflectivity.
For reflection | S11|2When the frequency is lower, the intermediate graphene structure of the wave absorber mainly acts with incident electromagnetic waves to generate electric resonance, and a strong coupling effect can be generated between the intermediate graphene layer and the metal plate, so that antiparallel current is generated, and magnetic resonance is achieved. By researching the shape of the surface graphene,Size and structure, we find that windmill shape graphite alkene structure can form surface plasmon at specific frequency, and the structure of quad slit also can produce surface plasmon to specific frequency's incident electromagnetic wave, and two kinds of structures all form certain wave-absorbing effect, and we carry out reasonable integrated design with two kinds of structures for two kinds of surface plasmon have mutual reinforcing, the effect of mutual promotion, thereby make the absorption efficiency of wave absorber improve greatly, and the absorption bandwidth is widened greatly. At high frequency, the magnetic field is mainly concentrated in the dielectric material 2, which is mainly because a fabry-perot resonator structure is formed between the middle-layer graphene and the top-layer unpatterned graphene, and the thickness and the dielectric constant of the structure are reasonably designed, so that the structure has a promoting effect on the absorption of low frequency while forming an absorption peak at high frequency, and the bandwidth of the low frequency absorption is increased. The intermediate absorption peak is caused by the combined action of the low-frequency absorption and the high-frequency absorption (see fig. 4). In general, a plurality of resonators with adjacent resonance frequencies are used in a single unit cell, high absorption rate and wide bandwidth are achieved by utilizing the cooperation of resonance, and then the original graphene layer is promoted and supplemented by another graphene layer in a multi-layer mode. The method is a combined application of two conventional wave absorber bandwidth widening modes of resonance cooperation and multi-layer wave absorber bandwidth superposition, and compared with the existing mode, the method for widening the bandwidth is novel and efficient. Finally, the three-dimensional simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE2019 is used for calculation and simulation, and the wave absorber can reach the high absorption rate of more than 99% in a terahertz frequency band of about 2.65-3.95 THz.
Fermi level E of the intermediate graphene layerF1Taking the chemical potential E of the top unpatterned graphene layer at 0.9eVF2Setting the value to be 0.1eV, performing computational simulation by using three-dimensional simulation software CSTSUDIO SUITE2019 to obtain absorption spectrum diagrams shown in figures 3 and 4, and proving that the wave absorber is used for 2.65-Incident waves in a terahertz frequency band of about 3.95THz have quite high absorption performance.
As shown in FIG. 5, the wave absorber provided by the invention has adjustable performance due to the introduction of the graphene material, and the chemical potential E of the top layer non-pattern graphene layerF2In the case of 0.1eV, by adjusting the chemical potential E of the intermediate patterned graphene layerF1The wave absorber achieves a wave absorbing range of 31% -100%.
The wave absorber disclosed by the invention has the characteristic of rotation central symmetry and has the property of polarization insensitivity, and as shown in figure 6, when the incident angle is 40 degrees, the absorption efficiency and the bandwidth are still high.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high absorption rate broadband adjustable wave absorber based on bilayer graphite alkene, characterized by: the wave absorber with high absorptivity and broadband is characterized in that a metal plate (1) at the bottom layer, a medium material 1(2), a middle windmill, a square annular graphene layer (3), a medium material 2(4) and a top layer non-pattern graphene layer (5) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, all layers are tightly attached to each other, the transverse period and the longitudinal period of the wave absorber with high absorptivity and broadband adjustable based on double-layer graphene are P, and the thickness of the metal plate at the bottom is set to be h1The thickness of the metal plate should be larger than the skin depth of the incident wave to prevent the transmission of electromagnetic wave, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material 1 is epsilon1Thickness is set as h2The middle patterned graphene is composed of a windmill structure and a square ring, the windmill structure is composed of four identical semi-circles with the diameter of D, the angle between the semi-circles is 90 degrees, the semi-circles are located at the center of a structural unit, the square ring surrounds the windmill structure in the square hole, and the inner diameter of the square hole is L1Outer diameter of L2The chemical potential of the layer of graphene is set as EF1Dielectric constant of dielectric material 2 is epsilon2Thickness is set as h3The top layer is a non-pattern graphene layer, and the chemical potential is set as EF2The graphene is single-layer graphene, the thickness of the graphene is 0.34nm, and the relaxation time is set to be 0.1 ps.
2. The high-absorptivity broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene according to claim 1, wherein a single structural period is P-71 μm.
3. The high-absorptivity broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene according to claim 1, wherein the thickness h of the metal plate is10.2 μm, greater than the skin depth of the incident wave, and the thickness h of the dielectric material 1216 μm, a dielectric constant ε1Set to 2.2, the thickness h of the dielectric material 23Has a dielectric constant of 15 μm2Set to 1.4.
4. The wave absorber of claim 1, wherein the graphene with the middle patterning is composed of a windmill structure and a square ring, the diameter D of four identical semicircles forming the windmill structure is 25 μm, the angles between the semicircles are 90 degrees, the windmill structure is located in the center of the wave absorber unit, and the inner diameter L of the square ring surrounding the windmill structure is L1Set to 50 μm, outer diameter L2Set to 70 μm, its chemical potential EF1Set to 0.9eV, the chemical potential E of the top unpatterned grapheneF2Set to 0.1 eV.
5. The high-absorptivity and broadband-adjustable wave absorber based on double-layer graphene according to claim 1, characterized in that the Fermi level of graphene has dynamic adjustability, and can be changed by changing an external voltage or chemical doping to achieve a wave absorption range of 31% -100%.
6. The double-layer graphene-based high-absorptivity and broadband-adjustable wave absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave absorber operates in the 0-6THz frequency band.
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| CN106019433A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门大学 | Graphene based terahertz broadband adjustable wave absorption device |
| CN108183340A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-06-19 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The adjustable wave absorbing device of broadband electricity based on the double annulus of graphene |
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| US9413075B2 (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2016-08-09 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Graphene based structures and methods for broadband electromagnetic radiation absorption at the microwave and terahertz frequencies |
| JP5583718B2 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-09-03 | 株式会社リケン | Radio wave absorber |
| CN108899657A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-27 | 中国计量大学 | The adjustable absorber of broadband graphene Terahertz |
| CN109037962A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-18 | 中国计量大学 | Double frequency graphene is adjustable Terahertz absorber |
| CN111525272B (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2021-07-30 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Broadband terahertz wave absorber based on three-dart-shaped graphene |
| CN111697346A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-22 | 安阳师范学院 | Terahertz double-broadband adjustable absorber based on graphene |
| CN111883936B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江科技学院 | Terahertz electromagnetic absorber based on metamaterial |
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| CN106019433A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门大学 | Graphene based terahertz broadband adjustable wave absorption device |
| CN108183340A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-06-19 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The adjustable wave absorbing device of broadband electricity based on the double annulus of graphene |
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Application publication date: 20210824 Assignee: Guilin Shenqiao Aerospace Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUILIN University OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980046274 Denomination of invention: A High Absorption Broadband Adjustable Absorber Based on Double Layer Graphene Granted publication date: 20220705 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |
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