CN113254474A - Big data driven material culture heritage space-time characteristic analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a big data driven material culture heritage space-time characteristic analysis method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring public cultural relic name record data; calculating the continuity and the discontinuity of the cultural relic data; analyzing the gravity center migration direction of the cultural relic categories in different dynasty spatial distributions by using a standard deviation ellipse method; constructing node vectors according to the attributes of the cultural relic data, and calculating cosine similarity between the node vectors; and constructing a connection relation between the capital and the region by taking the region where the capital of the generation is located as a starting node and taking all other regions distributed in the region of the generation as termination nodes, and calculating the importance of the starting node of the region. The method accurately judges the discontinuity and continuity of the life cycle of the cultural relic through a continuity and discontinuity discrimination formula; and measuring the similarity between the generations of the cultural relics by using the vector cosine similarity, accurately analyzing the migration of the cultural relics by using the gravity centers and the standard deviation ellipses of the cultural relics in the spatial distribution, and analyzing the aggregation of the cultural relics by using a PageRank algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artificial intelligence, and particularly relates to a big data-driven material culture heritage space-time characteristic analysis method.
Background
Museum cultural relics are special cultural heritage of materials, and modern interpretation of the cultural heritage is a requirement of the era. Based on the famous data of the collected cultural relics disclosed by the national cultural relic bureau, the continuity and the discontinuity of the cultural relics in time sequence are analyzed by a cultural relic continuity judgment method, the aggregation and the migration of the cultural relics in space are analyzed by a space analysis method, and the similarity distribution of the cultural relics in space and time is further explained by cosine similarity. The results show that: the overall cultural relic distribution presents the characteristics of category aggregation, dynasty aggregation and region aggregation; on a time scale, the cultural relics have different 'life cycles', and show continuity, discontinuity and similarity; from the spatial scale, cultural transmission circles in a small range can be formed by cultural object distribution, and aggregation, migration and similarity are presented; the spatial and temporal distribution of the cultural relics shows more similar characteristics between the facing generations which are closer to each other than the facing generations which are farther away from each other.
The long history of five thousand years and the gorgeous ancient civilizations of China accumulate cultural heritage with various types, large quantity and rich value. According to the 'convention of world culture and natural heritage' and 'convention of protecting non-material cultural heritage', the cultural heritage comprises material cultural heritage and non-material cultural heritage, wherein the material cultural heritage comprises cultural heritage such as cultural relics and sites of heritage. Therefore, museum cultural relics are special material cultural heritage, bear the long-standing historical culture of human beings and are witnesses of human survival and development. The museum is an important window for displaying human civilization, promoting cultural communication and meeting national spiritual culture. The museum cultural relics are important evidences of society, economy and culture in all periods, and have important significance for researching Chinese material cultural heritage in different periods.
The protection of cultural heritage is more and more emphasized by people. The study of cultural heritage by students is mainly based on non-material cultural heritage, and in non-patent document 1, willow proposes to digitalize the non-material cultural heritage by taking a public library as an entry point, and discuss the preservation and propagation of 'guqin'; in non-patent document 2, liu shao ying discusses the protection and inheritance of the non-material cultural heritage eagle fist and proposes a feasible suggestion on how to further develop the eagle fist; in non-patent document 3, the beam chapter explores its unique ancient map culture in terms of historical, artistic and scientific cultural values of the ancient map, and suggests to promote reuse of the map heritage, and development suggestions have been made for this purpose. Most of the past researches on cultural heritage are mainly carried out on the basis of the protection strategy, and mainly take a qualitative description mode as a main object.
With the rise of historical GIS, the research on cultural heritage is changed from the previous qualitative research into the combination of main qualitative research and quantitative research. In non-patent document 4, the dawn finds, by quantitative analysis of the "citizenship" index, that the more fully touring and developing ancient villages, the stronger the citizenship of the villagers. And qualitatively answering the appearance of the ubiquitous human civilization of 'citizenship' brought by the travel development. The coming of the network big data explosion era enables people to obtain public data sets more conveniently, the research data source form of cultural heritage becomes more abundant, and the research dimensionality is not limited to space distribution any more. At present, students mostly adopt cultural heritage data such as non-material cultural heritage, traditional villages, ancient landscapes, human heritages, street names and the like, discuss time-space distribution and influence factors thereof by combining a GIS space analysis method, and some students even carry out interdisciplinary cooperation and do not study the cultural heritage by being limited to a single data source and a single explanation angle. In non-patent document 5, li zhongxuan discusses the influence of climate on formation of unique regional culture of he nan dragon hill by combining human ruins and climate data. In non-patent document 6, wuli finds that the climate environment is an important influence factor for the pre-historical culture development, expansion and contraction in the zhejiang by studying the spatial and temporal distribution of the pre-historical culture in the zhejiang area, and has an important influence on the distribution, propagation and evolution of the culture.
The museum is used as an important place for bearing historical culture and as a special material culture heritage, and has very important significance for the research of the museum. The significance, action, education, management and the influence of museums on regional culture are discussed deeply by many scholars, but the study on museum cultural relics with thick historical interest is neglected. The research on Chinese material cultural heritage usually relates to data such as traditional villages, public libraries, human sites and the like, and is rarely applied to museum cultural relic data to express the cultural relic data. However, the history carried by the museum cultural relics has great research value, and a good window is provided for people to understand the history culture and the cultural heritage of Chinese material. Most scholars focus on considering the importance of museums to culture, and the essential existence of the museums of cultural relics is one of the important breakthrough points for directly knowing the cultural heritage of Chinese materials by the exploration of space-time distribution.
Reference to the literature
Non-patent document
[1] Liu Ye, Zhao Li, investment on the prediction and dispersion of intrinsic Cultural in Public Libraries-Taking Guqin as an example Library Research,2020,49(4):59-64.[ willow leaf, Zhao force
[2] Liu Shaoying, Luo Junbo, research on Intelligence and Protection of Integrated Circuit genetic Rock Eagle Boxing, journal of culture Physical edition Institute 2020,39(3):137- > 144.[ Liu Shaoyin, Rojunbo
[3] Liang Qizhang, Qi Qingwen, Jiang Lili, et al, herotage and clinical value of an acute Chinese map, Chinese Journal of geographic, 2016,71(10):1833-
[4] Zhuang Xiaohuang, Yin Shuhua, Zhu hong, the Impact of the society of Tourism Development on the society of Villagers in antibiotic villagees-Taking Kaiping antibiotic medicine Groups as an example of Ancient village public buildings-Wen Yoghurt, 2018,73(08): 179. Zhuang Jiang, Yi Hua, Zhu 314411Touris-take the Ancient village public buildings as an example of open Ancient barrette buildings-West Georgy report, 2018,73(08): 179. Ht.193.
[5] Li Zhongxuan, Zhu Cheng, Wu Guoxi, et al, spatiot spatial distribution and driving factors of prehistoric human sites in Henan Provision, acta Geograpaphic Sinica,2013,68(11):1527 1537.[ Lizhongxuan, Zhucheng, Wu's imperial, etc. ], the spatio-temporal distribution of prehistoric human sites in Henan province and its driving factors, geological report, 2013,68(11):1527-
[6] Wu Li, Zhu Cheng, Zheng Chaogui, et al, response of previous culture in Zheng regional to environmental change the Holocene.acta Geogaphic Sinica,2012,67(7):903-
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to research the space-time distribution characteristics of Chinese material cultural heritage, takes museum cultural relic data as an example of an entry point, analyzes the continuity and discontinuity of the relic in time sequence by using a relic continuity judging method, explores the aggregation and migration of the relic in space by a standard deviation ellipse and a PageRank method, and explains the similarity distribution of the relic in space and time respectively by using a cosine similarity method in a vector construction mode by combining the attributes of the relic.
Based on the purpose, the invention provides a big data driven material culture heritage space-time characteristic analysis method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring public cultural relic name record data;
calculating the continuity and discontinuity of the historical data of the collected cultural relics;
analyzing the gravity center migration direction of the cultural relic categories in different dynasty spatial distributions by using a standard deviation ellipse method;
constructing node vectors according to the attributes of the cultural relic directory data in the collection of cultural relics, and calculating cosine similarity between the node vectors;
and (3) constructing a connection relation between the first generation and the region by taking the region where the first generation is located as a starting node and all other regions distributed in the region of the second generation as termination nodes, and calculating the importance of the starting node in the region by adopting a PageRank algorithm.
Further, the continuity is defined as follows:
the discontinuity is defined as follows:
wherein n represents the entire study phase, ciIs the longest continuous evolution number, giRepresenting the longest discontinuous orientation algebra, miIs the number of segments of a certain class of cultural relics, and m is the maximum value of the number of segments.
Further, the standard deviation ellipse method comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the center of an ellipse with a standard deviation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, SDEx，SDEyIs the center of the standard deviation ellipse, xi，yiIs the coordinates of the ith sub-zone;
representing the center of gravity of the terrain; n is the number of sub-regions,
determining the direction of the standard deviation ellipse, wherein the direction is based on an X axis, the due north direction is 0 degree, a clockwise rotation mode is adopted, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, theta is a rotation angle,
representing the deviation of the ith sub-zone coordinate from the center of gravity,
determining a major semi-axis and a minor semi-axis of the standard deviation ellipse by the following formula:
further, the cosine similarity calculation formula between the node vectors is as follows:
wherein A isi，BiRespectively represent the components of the node vectors A and B, and | | | A | |, | | B | | ≠ 0.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the distribution characteristics of the cultural relics under the time scale are measured through a continuity and discontinuity discrimination formula, and the 'life cycle' discontinuity and continuity of the cultural relics can be accurately judged.
2) The cosine similarity value between the similar dynasty vectors is higher, which proves that the cosine similarity of the vectors is feasible for measuring the similarity between the dynasties of the cultural relics, and the migration of the cultural relics can be accurately analyzed by calculating the gravity center and the standard deviation ellipse of the cultural relics in the spatial distribution.
3) By using the nodes of generations, and using the categories and the regions as the attributes of the nodes of the generations, the PageRank algorithm is used for analyzing the geographical adjacency relation of the regions, the importance of the nodes of the 'culture propagation circle' of each generation can be judged, and the aggregation of cultural relics can be further analyzed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a material cultural heritage space-time feature analysis method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a life cycle chart of the cultural relics;
FIG. 3 is a life cycle context of the pottery and jade gemstone of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram of the centroid migration path and standard deviation ellipse of the Shang dynasty to north-south weapon cultural relics of the invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a diagram of the center of gravity migration path and standard deviation ellipse of cultural relics of the Tang dynasty-Qing dynasty weapon;
FIG. 5 is a similarity measure for different dynasty cultural relic category distributions of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the present invention's generational spatial distribution concentration;
FIG. 7 is a similarity measure for different spatial distributions of the dynasty cultural relics according to the invention;
FIG. 8 is a summer geographical adjacency diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a statistical chart of the capital-regional connection relationship of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited in any way, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teaching of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
The main data source of the invention is the name and record data (http:// gl. sach. gov. cn/collection-of-cumulative-reics /) of the museum cultural relics disclosed by the national cultural relics bureau and acquired by means of a web crawler, wherein the museum cultural relics data of the museum mainly comprises attributes of the museum where the museum is located, names of the collection, types of the collection, ages of the collection, provincial divisions to which the collection belongs and the like. The invention divides the Tibetan into 21 dynasties according to the age of the Tibetan, divides the Tibetan into 31 Chinese provinces cities and autonomous regions according to the province level divisions of the Tibetan, directly manages the cities, and divides the Tibetan into 35 cultural relic categories according to the types of the Tibetan, such as a copybook rubbing, a specimen fossil, a tooth bone angle device and the like.
The data collected by the present invention has a certain deviation, and the specific error cause can be discussed from the following 3 aspects. Firstly, from the aspect of data integrity, the digitization process of the museum collected in the state is continuously updated, the museum cultural relic data adopted in the invention is only a part of all the cultural relic data and has certain loss, but the lost part of the data does not actually influence the distribution characteristics of the cultural relic; secondly, errors exist in the data. Due to the fact that digitalization processes of museums in various places are inconsistent, different museums have certain preference and subjectivity for classifying the types of the cultural relics. For example, some museums may classify both porcelain and crockery as a type of cultural relic, which may result in subtle deviations in the number of cultural relic categories for different regions. But since the invention does not involve studying the distribution of cultural relic categories in different regions, the error due to the museum classification preference is negligible. And thirdly, errors caused by objective factors. Over time, the earlier cultural relics are more difficult to preserve, and therefore the distribution of the cultural relics in different generations has larger deviation. Due to the deviation of data caused by objective factors, the overall distribution of the cultural relics in different dynasties can be slightly different. However, the invention discovers that the week and the Han dynasty are far away from each other nowadays by analyzing the overall distribution characteristics of the cultural relics, but the proportion of the total cultural relics is high, so that the conclusion of the invention still has universality under the influence of objective factors.
The cultural relics of different dynasties have the category and the regional attribute, the invention selects 21 dynasties as the research stage, and the information of the total amount of the cultural relics, the percentage of the total amount of the cultural relics, the maximum value of the total amount of the cultural relics, the corresponding category and the like of the 21 dynasties are counted (table 1). It can be seen that the overall distribution of the cultural relics over time exhibits a dynamism aggregations, a category aggregations and a regional aggregations.
TABLE 1 basic distribution of different dynasties cultural relics
Wherein for the acronyms, regions and categories see Table 2
TABLE 2 acronyms for area name, Category name and dynasty name
From table 1, the time-series distribution of the overall cultural relics has dynasty clustering property, and most of them are concentrated in a few more prosperous dynasties. Wherein the dynasties with larger total amount are Qing dynasty, 1912-1949, Han dynasty, Song dynasty, Ming dynasty, Zhou dynasty, etc. They respectively account for 41.5%, 10.8%, 10.01%, 8.16%, 7.55%, 6.80% of the total amount of the cultural relics and totally account for 84.82% of the total amount of the cultural relics.
From the category distribution of the overall cultural relics, the cultural relic category with the largest number of cultural relic categories is found to be basically concentrated on a few types of cultural relics such as porcelain, coin, cupware, pottery and the like, wherein 7 generations are porcelain, 5 generations are coin and 3 generations are cupware. And the maximum value of the number of the corresponding categories of the summer, the business, the promotion, the song and the original orientation accounts for nearly half or more of the total amount of the cultural relics of the dynasty, which indicates that the cultural relics of different dynasties show category aggregation.
From the regional distribution of the general cultural relics, the maximum value of the total amount of the cultural relics of different dynasties is basically concentrated in regions with developed or long history, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hubei and the like, wherein 6 dynasties are Beijing, and the Shanghai, Gansu and Heilongjiang correspond to 2 dynasties respectively. Therefore, the cultural relics are spatially gathered in regional distribution as a whole, and are mainly biased to the north.
Example 1
The invention provides a big data driven material culture heritage space-time characteristic analysis method. As shown in FIG. 1, the material culture heritage space-time characteristic analysis method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s10: calculating continuity and discontinuity of cultural relics
The time sequence distribution of cultural relics of different categories is greatly different, the invention explores the distribution rule of the cultural relics on the time sequence by depicting the continuity and discontinuity distribution rule of the cultural relics, and the judgment indexes are defined as follows:
in the formula: c represents the continuity, the higher the value is, the better the continuity of the cultural relic is represented, the continuity characteristic of the cultural relic is more obvious, G represents the discontinuity, and the higher the value is, the discontinuity characteristic of the cultural relic is more obvious. n represents the whole research stage, 21 generations are taken in the invention, ciIs the longest continuous heading number, which means the longest continuous time of a certain class of cultural relics in the whole research stage, and giRepresenting the longest discontinuity orientation generation, which refers to the longest discontinuity time of a certain class of cultural relics in the whole research stage. m isiThe number of segments of a certain type of cultural relics means that the cultural relics are formed by faults of the cultural relics in the whole research stage, the continuity of the cultural relics is poorer as the number of segments is larger, and the discontinuity of the cultural relics is more obvious. m is the maximum number of stages, and the maximum number of 35 classification stages is taken as a value 21 in the invention.
The invention defines the continuous and discontinuous process of different types of cultural relics appearing in different dynasties as the 'life cycle' of the cultural relics. And preliminarily judging the distribution characteristics of the cultural relics on the time sequence by counting the generation number of the cultural relics of different categories. Because data has certain deviation, in order to uniformly measure the generation number of each category, in the invention, the total amount of cultural relics in a certain category is less than 5 and is regarded as a classification error, the total amount of the distributed generations of the cultural relics in the category is not counted, and a cultural relic life cycle graph shown in figure 2 is constructed, wherein the horizontal axis is the generation and the vertical axis represents different categories.
The longest continuous heading algebra and the longest discontinuous heading algebra of each type of cultural relics can judge the continuity and the fault of the time sequence distribution of the type of cultural relics, the larger the longest continuous heading value is, the longer the continuous time is, the more obvious the continuity characteristic of the cultural relics is, and the universality is higher; the larger the longest intermittent dynasty value is, the more obvious the discontinuity characteristic representing the cultural relic is, and the more obvious the specificity is. It can be seen from fig. 1 that, firstly, the "life cycle" of each type of cultural relics is greater than 1, that is, all the types of cultural relics exhibit certain continuity. Secondly, three types of cultural relics of cuprum, pottery and stoneware, carved brick and tile appear in all dynasties, the continuous time is longest, the continuous characteristics are most obvious, and the three types of cultural relics of postal articles, audio-visual products and famous persons and relics have the most obvious intermittent characteristics. By reading the 'life cycle' diagram of the cultural relics, the cultural relics in different categories can be classified by the continuity and the discontinuity of the cultural relics.
In order to quantify the distribution characteristics of the cultural relics on the time scale, the invention measures the cultural relics by a continuity and discontinuity discriminant formula (Table 3). The continuity characteristic and the discontinuity characteristic of the cultural relics almost coexist, but the cultural relics in the three categories of copper ware, pottery ware and stone tile have continuity and lack the discontinuity characteristic, namely the cultural relics in the three categories have good universality in different dynasties. The cultural relic categories can be divided into three types according to the quantified values of the continuity and the discontinuity, wherein the continuity is larger than the discontinuity, and the difference is large, namely, the cultural relic categories mainly show the continuity. Such as pottery, cuprammel, statue, coin, seal brand, etc. belong to the representative of persistence, the "life cycle" corresponding to the cultural relic is more continuous and lasting; secondly, the discontinuity is larger than the continuity, and the difference is large, that is, the cultural relic category mainly presents discontinuity. Such as carapace bones, audio-video products, bills, postal articles, celebrity relics and the like belong to intermittent representatives, the continuity of the 'life cycle' corresponding to cultural relics is poor, and the intermittent continuity is long; thirdly, the difference between the continuous value and the discontinuous value is small, such as jade gemstones, weapons, weighing machines, glassware and the like, the discontinuous and continuous characteristics of the life cycle corresponding to the cultural relics appear alternately, and the interruption times are more.
TABLE 3 statistics of duration and discontinuity metrics for different classes of cultural relics
The continuous and discontinuous characteristics of different types of cultural relics are related to historical backgrounds of the cultural relics, the invention selects pottery as a representative of the continuous characteristics of the cultural relics, mail and carapace as the discontinuous characteristics of the cultural relics, and jade gems as a representative of the discontinuous and continuous characteristics of the cultural relics, so as to read the backgrounds of the cultural relics.
As shown in fig. 3, the background interpretation of the continuity features of pottery is discussed by marking the important turning points of pottery in different dynasties, wherein the sub-graph shows the time sequence distribution change from the three kingdoms period to the Yuanzhu period. The pottery appears in the period of neolithic stoneware, the pottery enters a stable development stage in the week period of summer business as a common utensil for daily life, the pottery is further developed in the early period of Han dynasty as social stability, agriculture and handicraft industry, and the output of the pottery is greatly increased as the pottery is taken as a burial article. The number of ceramic wares has been further increased in the north-south direction due to the enlargement of the burning production area. The Tang Dynasty is famous for a special "Tang tricolor", mainly comprising a large number of figures and animal statues, and forms a unique ceramic culture of the Tang Dynasty. The kinds of porcelain in Liaoning, Song and golden period become more abundant, and the gorgeous scene of various flowers in the process of manufacturing the porcelain ware is formed. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jing De Zhen becomes the center of the ceramic industry in China, and the Wu-Fi porcelain becomes a new development trend.
China is well-known as the reputations of 'jade country', jade gemstones are polite utensils in summer, animals and imagination are more in form, the characteristic culture of 'monarch jade' appears, and the jade gemstones are indispensable marks of noble identities; the spring and autumn warring period is the transition period of jade device jewel development, and the prevalence of the 'miscellaneous wear' gradually replaces the 'gift jade' with the 'decorative jade'; the Chinese jin dynasty is flexible and changeable in shape, and the scale of the upper-layer noble group using the 'burial jade' is far more than that of the past; in the southwest, southwest and northeast periods, the food gradually moves to the valley due to political division, traffic jam and the like; the Tang and Song dynasties tend to be popular and folk, jade ware gems are mostly used for daily life utensils and appreciation products, the style is more than natural subject matters, and the Tang and Song dynasties have fresh life breath and remarkable times fashion; the minority nationality aesthetic interest mainly including 'hunting' in Liaojin time has unique cultural characteristics; in the Yuanmingqing period, under the large background of commercial economy and prosperity, jade ware and precious stones have wider application, the MingDy has the strong steel and the MingDy has the name of 'bold Ming', and the MingDy has the over elaborate and exquisite effect and is the representative period of the development of the process level.
And calculating the barycenter of the weapon cultural relics in the spatial distribution and the standard deviation ellipse thereof, and performing superposition analysis on the barycenter and the standard deviation ellipse to obtain barycenter evolution paths and the standard deviation ellipses of the spatial distribution of the weapon cultural relics in different dynasties (shown in table 4). The length of the X axis of the quotient shows an increasing trend in the period of the Han dynasty, the length of the Y axis shows a decreasing trend, and the distribution directionality of the weapon cultural relics is more obvious at the stage. The gravity center of the weapon in the period of the week is deviated to the southeast direction, which is related to the deviation of the region frequently encountered by the war in the period of the spring and autumn warring country to the southeast direction; in the Han dynasty, when there are numerous countries and times fluctuate, the X-axis and Y-axis of the Han dynasty are rapidly increased compared with those of the Qin dynasty, and the distribution range of the weapon cultural relics is enlarged. The three kingdoms promotion presents a descending trend towards the X axis and the Y axis of the period, but the difference between the three kingdoms promotion gradually decreases, and the dispersion degree of the distribution is reduced. The center of gravity of the weapon cultural relics in the period from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty is generally towards the southwest and the northeast. The difference between the X axis and the Y axis of the Tang dynasty in the western summer shows a decreasing trend, the centripetal force of weapon distribution is enhanced, and the centripetal force of the Jinchao period data reaches the maximum; in Yuanxiang, due to the enlargement of the area of the dynasty, the dispersion degree of the distribution of the weapon cultural relics is greatly increased compared with Liao and golden periods, but the direction of the gravity center still leans to the north until the gravity center still leans to the north in the Qing dynasty.
TABLE 4 weapon space distribution Pattern barycenter evolution and Standard deviation ellipse parameters
Taking the Tang dynasty as a boundary, the spatial distribution of the weapons is divided into two periods (shown in FIG. 4) of quotient to south-north dynasty and Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty, and the subgraphs at the upper left corner represent paths of gravity center migration of different dynasties. From the figure, it can be seen that the range encompassed by the standard deviation ellipse is mainly near its ancestral capital. The gravity center of the quotient from south to north is firstly deviated to the southwest, gradually moves towards the northwest and the northeast, and finally returns to the southwest; the center of gravity of the Tang Dynasty moving to the Qing Dynasty is first biased to the northeast, and continuously moves back and forth in the southwest and northeast directions, and finally returns to the northeast direction, which indicates that the spatial distribution of the cultural relics not only has mobility, but also the migration direction of the center of gravity has certain circulation and reciprocation. The invention only adopts weapon cultural relics as an example for detailed explanation, but the spatial distribution of other cultural relics also has mobility.
S20: calculating standard deviation ellipse of cultural relic
In order to research the migration performance of the spatial distribution of the cultural relics, the invention utilizes a standard deviation ellipse method for analyzing the gravity center migration direction of the cultural relic class in the spatial distribution of different dynasties. The center of gravity of the standard deviation ellipse represents the relative position of the cultural relics in spatial distribution, the azimuth angle represents the main trend direction of the cultural relic distribution, the long axis represents the dispersion degree of the cultural relics in the main trend direction, and the short axis represents the dispersion degree of the cultural relics in the secondary direction, namely the range of the cultural relic data distribution; the larger the difference between the values of the long axis and the short axis is, the more obvious the directivity of the data is, and on the contrary, the closer the values of the long axis and the short axis are, the less obvious the directivity is.
The standard deviation ellipse is determined by calculating the center of the circle according to the following formula
Wherein, SDEx，SDEyIs the center of the standard deviation ellipse, xi，yiIs the coordinates of the ith sub-zone;
representing the center of gravity of the terrain; n is the number of subregions. Secondly, the direction of the ellipse needs to be determined, the direction is based on the X axis, the due north direction is 0 degree, a clockwise rotation mode is adopted, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, theta is a rotation angle,
representing deviations of coordinates and center of gravity of ith sub-region
Determining a major semi-axis and a minor semi-axis of the standard deviation ellipse by the following formula:
s30: calculating cosine similarity of cultural relics
Cosine similarity is the similarity between vectors evaluated by calculating the cosine value of the included angle between two vectors, and the similarity reaches the maximum when the directions are the same. The method takes 21 dynasties and 31 regions as research nodes respectively, constructs node vectors according to the attributes of the cultural relics, and measures the similarity distribution characteristics of the cultural relics in time and space respectively by applying a cosine similarity method from the angle of the vectors. The cosine value between the two vectors is calculated as follows:
wherein A isi，BiRespectively represent the components of the node vectors A and B, and | | | A | |, | | B | | ≠ 0.
The different generations are taken as nodes, the distribution of the cultural relics of different categories of the generations is taken as the attribute of the node, the generation node vector is constructed, a 21 x 35 vector matrix is constructed, the similarity among the vectors is calculated by utilizing a cosine similarity formula, the distribution rule of the vectors under the time scale is discussed, and the result is shown in figure 5.
Values located near the major diagonal exhibit a pronounced "Sudoku" distribution trend, indicating that the similarity values between similar generational vectors will be higher. For example, the "Sudoku" consisting of the dynasty, the Qin dynasty and the Han dynasty is 0.69, the dynasty and the Qin dynasty are 0.75, and the dynasty and the Han dynasty are 0.8. For another example, the 7 × 7 matrix formed by the sons and the Qing dynasty has higher similarity between the dynasty vectors. In addition, the similarity between generations which are closer to each other most of the time is higher than that between generations which are farther away, namely, the similarity characteristic of the cultural relics is more obvious when the generations are closer to each other.
Because the data distribution has certain bias, the similarity is higher between the generations with larger difference of the total amount of the cultural relics of the generations, because the generations with more cultural relics and the generations with less cultural relics have certain inclusion relationship, the similarity between the generations is higher. For example, the similarity between the summer and the north and south is 0.74, and the similarity between the five generations of ten countries and the north and south is 0.93.
The different dynasties are taken as nodes, the spatial distribution of cultural relics in different regions of the dynasties is taken as the attribute of the node, the dynasties node vector is constructed, a 21 x 31 vector matrix is constructed, and the similarity among the vectors is calculated by utilizing a cosine similarity formula (shown in figure 6).
The diagonal lines also present an obvious 'Sudoku' distribution trend, and the similarity of the spatial distribution of the cultural relics between the similar dynasties is higher. For example, the vector similarity values between generations are higher in 5 × 5 matrix from south-north orientation to sons orientation and 6 × 6 matrix from jin orientation to the people's republic of China. Similarly, most of the infantry with a closer distance will have a higher similarity than the vectors with a farther distance, and the similarity characteristic of the cultural relic will be more obvious in the infantry with a closer distance.
The deviation of data and the mobility of the cultural relics at the later stage are enhanced, so that the dynasties with more total amount of the cultural relics of the dynasties such as the week dynasty, the Han dynasty, the south-north dynasty, the Tang dynasty, the Song dynasty, the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty have higher similarity with the spatial distribution of other cultural relics of the dynasties, which is probably because the corresponding cultural relics have more number and have similar distribution in different regions; the dynasties with less total amount of dynasties, such as the Liaoling dynasties, the western summer dynasties and the like, have lower similarity with other dynasties historical cultures, which may be because the number of the dynasties is too small, so that the dynasties are mainly concentrated in a few areas, and the spatial distribution bias is too large.
S50: establishing a connection relation between the first generation and the region by taking the region where the first generation is located as a starting node and taking all other regions distributed in the region of the first generation as termination nodes, and calculating the importance of the starting node in the region by adopting a PageRank algorithm
In order to depict the rule of spatial distribution of cultural relics, the invention counts the regions corresponding to the top ten ranked cultural relics of each dynasty and the geographical adjacency relation with the first capital of the dynasty, and takes the average value of the geographical adjacency relation as the aggregation degree of the spatial distribution and uses the letter D to represent (figure 7). The geographical adjacency relation is defined as the geographical position relation of two regions on the Chinese map. If more than one capital is in the dynasty, the capital closest to the geographical position of the dynasty is taken as a reference when the geographical adjacency relation is counted, and the numerous countries in sixteen countries, the south-north dynasty and the five generations of ten countries cannot be compared with the capital one by one, so that only 18 other dynasties are selected for statistical analysis.
Most of the dynasties in FIG. 5 have the concentration lower than 2.5, i.e. they are mainly located near the 1 st or 2 nd order neighborhood of the first dynasties, and from the Yuanjiao, the regional distribution range is slightly enlarged, which is connected with the area of the Xinjiang soil and the fluidity enhancement of the cultural relics at the later period. The invention adopts a natural segmentation method to display the spatial distribution of the top ten of different dynasty cultural relics in a grading way, such as a summer geographical adjacency relation graph shown in figure 8, wherein the region colors in the graph gradually increase from red to blue to represent the quantity of the cultural relics. The dynasty capital is taken as the center, the spatial distribution of the cultural relics presents obvious circle aggregation, the cultural relics are mainly aggregated near the geographical adjacent region of 1 order or 2 order of the dynasty capital, and the cultural dissemination of the cultural relics is carried out in a small-range 'cultural dissemination circle'. Wherein, the more important the node in the culture propagation circle is, the more beneficial the influence on the propagation is.
And constructing a connection relation between the capital and the region by taking the region where the capital of the generation is located as a starting node and taking all other regions distributed and ranked in the top ten regions of the country as termination nodes. Wherein 9 capital corresponding to 18 dynasties are Beijing City, Henan province, Shaanxi province, Zhejiang province, Shanxi province, Sichuan province, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, Liaoning province and Jiangsu province respectively. And calculating the importance of the regional departure nodes in the 'culture propagation circle' by adopting a PageRank algorithm. The PageRank algorithm is prior art, the "number of votes" for a page is determined by the importance of all links to its page, and a hyperlink to a page is equivalent to casting a vote for the page. A page's PageRank is derived from the importance of all chains to its page ("link-in page") via a recursive algorithm. A page with more links will have a higher rank, whereas if a page does not have any links into the page, it will not. The invention uses the number of the starting nodes of one region as the number of the linked pages in the PageRank algorithm to calculate.
The calculation result of the PageRank algorithm is 0.035 in Shanxi province, 0.209 in Henan province, 0.156 in Shaanxi province, 0.017 in Sichuan province, 0.047 in Jiangsu province, 0.035 in Zhejiang province, 0.022 in Liaoning province, 0.093 in Ningxia Hui nationality autonomous region and 0.315 in Beijing City. Beijing, Henan province and Shaanxi province have the capital of most of the heading of the calendar, and the nodes of the province are more important for the 'cultural transmission circle' in the current dynasty.
The starting node highlights the importance of the ancestor capital to the 'cultural transmission circle', but other areas adjacent to the capital are used as the termination nodes of the ancestor capital and have positive effects on the ancestor capital. The importance of the termination node of each region node is measured by the total number of the pointed region nodes (figure 9), the vertical axis represents each termination region node, the horizontal axis represents the times of the connection of each dynasty capital with the termination region node, and different colors represent different capital departure nodes. The larger the value of the method is, the more times the region is connected is represented, and the larger the contribution to the 'culture propagation circle' of each dynasty is.
The numerical values of Beijing, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jilin and Shanghai are larger, which means that the total quantity of collected historical relics in the areas is larger; secondly, the dynasties of cultural relics in the corresponding region are more, the time span of the cultural relics in the region is larger, and the side surface reflects the thickness of the historical culture of the region; thirdly, the scope of the 'cultural transmission circle' is mainly biased to the north, and is closely related to the north of the political center of the heading. The spatial distribution of the cultural relics in different dynasties is mainly concentrated in the north, and concentrated near the 1 st or 2 nd neighborhood of the first dynasties, the spatial distribution of the cultural relics presents aggregation. Experimental results show that the importance of the 'culture propagation circle' node of each dynasty can be judged by using the PageRank algorithm.
The invention takes the famous data of the collected cultural relics disclosed by the national cultural relics bureau as an example, and uses methods of space analysis, cosine similarity and the like to discuss the space-time distribution characteristics of the cultural relics. In order to discuss the continuity and discontinuity characteristics of cultural relic time sequence data, the invention creates a continuity and discontinuity discrimination formula, quantifies the time sequence distribution characteristics thereof, and has the main conclusion that:
(1) the overall cultural relic distribution is characterized by category aggregation, era aggregation, regional aggregation and the like. The culture medium mainly gathers in a few cultural relics such as pottery, porcelain, coin and copper ware, and is mostly biased to living goods; qing Dynasty, 1912-1949, Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, etc., and Beijing, Shanghai, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hubei, etc., are developed and favored to the north.
(2) Different classes of cultural relics have unique 'life cycles', and the time sequence distribution of the cultural relics presents continuous and discontinuous characteristics. The cultural relic time sequence characteristics are quantified through a continuous and discontinuous discrimination formula, and the cultural relic can be divided into three types, namely a cultural relic with a larger continuous value than a discontinuous value, a cultural relic with a larger difference, a cultural relic with a larger discontinuous value than a continuous value, a cultural relic with a smaller difference between the continuous value and the discontinuous value and a larger number of discontinuous times. The time sequence characteristics of different types of cultural relics are closely related to the background of times, and the pottery is used as a daily article in the past and is indispensable in different dynasties; the jade gem has practicability and can be used for appreciation, and different dynasties have different overweight; the carapace bone is used as a special era product in the week of commerce and has irreproducibility; mail is a new and popular product that has emerged in line with the advancement of the era.
(3) The spatial distribution of cultural relics of different dynasties shows aggregation and mobility, the aggregation is realized in the situation that the cultural relics of different dynasties are mainly distributed in adjacent areas of the capital of the dynasties and 1-order or 2-order geography of the capital of the dynasties, and a small-range 'cultural transmission circle' is formed, and the small-range 'cultural transmission circle' is greatly contributed by areas such as Beijing city, Heilongjiang province, Hubei province, Shaanxi province, Anhui province, Jilin province, Shanghai city and the like discovered through a PageRank algorithm; taking the weapon cultural relics as an example, the spatial distribution of the weapon cultural relics has certain mobility, and the deviation direction shows a 'circulation' rule but is mainly biased to the north. Similarly, the migration characteristics of the spatial region distribution of other types of cultural relics are also applicable.
(4) By using the generations as nodes, respectively using categories and regions as the attributes of the generations and constructing the generations node vectors, the space-time distribution of the nodes is found to show similarity characteristics, and the nodes have the characteristic that the generations which are relatively close in time are more similar than those which are relatively far away.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the distribution characteristics of the cultural relics under the time scale are measured through a continuity and discontinuity discrimination formula, and the 'life cycle' discontinuity and continuity of the cultural relics can be accurately judged.
2) The cosine similarity value between the similar dynasty vectors is higher, which proves that the cosine similarity of the vectors is feasible for measuring the similarity between the dynasties of the cultural relics, and the migration of the cultural relics can be accurately analyzed by calculating the gravity center and the standard deviation ellipse of the cultural relics in the spatial distribution.
3) By using the nodes of generations, and using the categories and the regions as the attributes of the nodes of the generations, the PageRank algorithm is used for analyzing the geographical adjacency relation of the regions, the importance of the nodes of the 'culture propagation circle' of each generation can be judged, and the aggregation of cultural relics can be further analyzed.
The above embodiment is an implementation manner of the method of the present invention, but the implementation manner of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The big data driven material cultural heritage space-time characteristic analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring public cultural relic name record data;
calculating the continuity and discontinuity of the historical data of the collected cultural relics;
analyzing the gravity center migration direction of the cultural relic categories in different dynasty spatial distributions by using a standard deviation ellipse method;
constructing node vectors according to the attributes of the cultural relic directory data in the collection of cultural relics, and calculating cosine similarity between the node vectors;
and (3) constructing a connection relation between the first generation and the region by taking the region where the first generation is located as a starting node and all other regions distributed in the region of the second generation as termination nodes, and calculating the importance of the starting node in the region by adopting a PageRank algorithm.
2. The big-data driven material cultural heritage spatiotemporal features analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the continuity is defined as follows:
the discontinuity is defined as follows:
wherein n represents the entire study phase, ciIs the longest continuous evolution number, giRepresenting the longest discontinuous orientation algebra, miIs the number of segments of a certain class of cultural relics, and m is the maximum value of the number of segments.
3. The big-data driven material cultural heritage spatiotemporal features analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the standard deviation ellipse method comprises the steps of:
firstly, calculating the center of an ellipse with a standard deviation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, SDEx，SDEyIs the center of the standard deviation ellipse, xi，yiIs the coordinates of the ith sub-zone;
representing the center of gravity of the terrain; n is the number of sub-regions,
determining the direction of the standard deviation ellipse, wherein the direction is based on an X axis, the due north direction is 0 degree, a clockwise rotation mode is adopted, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, theta is a rotation angle,
representing the deviation of the ith sub-zone coordinate from the center of gravity,
determining a major semi-axis and a minor semi-axis of the standard deviation ellipse by the following formula:
4. the big-data-driven material cultural heritage space-time feature analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the cosine similarity calculation formula between the node vectors is as follows:
wherein A isi，BiRespectively represent the components of the node vectors A and B, and | | | A | |, | | B | | ≠ 0.
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